메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 3-26

The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BLINKING; CONDITIONED REFLEX; HUMAN; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REPRODUCIBILITY;

EID: 0036362251     PISSN: 00977403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (587)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 85004809726 scopus 로고
    • Learning during anaesthesia: A review
    • Andrade, J. (1995). Learning during anaesthesia: A review. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 479-506.
    • (1995) British Journal of Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 479-506
    • Andrade, J.1
  • 2
    • 0014326168 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive processes during differential trace and delayed conditioning of the GSR
    • Baer, P. E., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1968). Cognitive processes during differential trace and delayed conditioning of the GSR. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 81-88.
    • (1968) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 81-88
    • Baer, P.E.1    Fuhrer, M.J.2
  • 3
    • 0020105780 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive factors in the concurrent differential conditioning of eyelid and skin conductance responses
    • Baer, P. E., & Fuhrer, M. J. (1982). Cognitive factors in the concurrent differential conditioning of eyelid and skin conductance responses. Memory & Cognition, 10, 135-140.
    • (1982) Memory & Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 135-140
    • Baer, P.E.1    Fuhrer, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 0001271374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning is a form of associative learning: On the artifactual nature of Field and Davey's (1997) artifactual account of evaluative learning
    • Baeyens, F., De Houwer, J., Vansteenwegen, D., & Eelen, P. (1998). Evaluative conditioning is a form of associative learning: On the artifactual nature of Field and Davey's (1997) artifactual account of evaluative learning. Learning and Motivation, 29, 461-474.
    • (1998) Learning and Motivation , vol.29 , pp. 461-474
    • Baeyens, F.1    De Houwer, J.2    Vansteenwegen, D.3    Eelen, P.4
  • 5
    • 0026517709 scopus 로고
    • Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness
    • Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Crombez, G., & Van den Bergh, O. (1992). Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 133-142.
    • (1992) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.30 , pp. 133-142
    • Baeyens, F.1    Eelen, P.2    Crombez, G.3    Van Den Bergh, O.4
  • 6
    • 0001848284 scopus 로고
    • Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning
    • Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., & Van den Bergh, O. (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning. Cognition & Emotion, 4, 3-18.
    • (1990) Cognition & Emotion , vol.4 , pp. 3-18
    • Baeyens, F.1    Eelen, P.2    Van Den Bergh, O.3
  • 7
    • 38249025439 scopus 로고
    • The influence of CS-UCS perceptual similarity/dissimilarity on human evaluative learning and signal learning
    • Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Van den Bergh, O., & Crombez, G. (1989). The influence of CS-UCS perceptual similarity/dissimilarity on human evaluative learning and signal learning. Learning and Motivation, 20, 322-333.
    • (1989) Learning and Motivation , vol.20 , pp. 322-333
    • Baeyens, F.1    Eelen, P.2    Van Den Bergh, O.3    Crombez, G.4
  • 9
    • 0027490391 scopus 로고
    • The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning
    • Baeyens, F., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (1993). The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 731-737.
    • (1993) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.31 , pp. 731-737
    • Baeyens, F.1    Hermans, D.2    Eelen, P.3
  • 10
    • 0029089181 scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans
    • August
    • Bechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Adolphs, R., Rockland, C., & Damasio, A. R. (1995, August). Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science, 269, 1115-1118.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Bechara, A.1    Tranel, D.2    Damasio, H.3    Adolphs, R.4    Rockland, C.5    Damasio, A.R.6
  • 11
    • 5144231311 scopus 로고
    • Subject awareness in differential classical eyelid conditioning
    • Benish, W. A., & Grant, D. A. (1980). Subject awareness in differential classical eyelid conditioning. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 15, 431-432.
    • (1980) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.15 , pp. 431-432
    • Benish, W.A.1    Grant, D.A.2
  • 13
    • 0040409636 scopus 로고
    • How one might find evidence for conditioning in adult humans
    • T. Archer & L.-G. Nilsson (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Boakes, R. A. (1989). How one might find evidence for conditioning in adult humans. In T. Archer & L.-G. Nilsson (Eds.), Aversion, avoidance and anxiety: Perspectives on learning and memory (pp. 381-402). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1989) Aversion, Avoidance and Anxiety: Perspectives on Learning and Memory , pp. 381-402
    • Boakes, R.A.1
  • 15
    • 0000129808 scopus 로고
    • Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968-1987
    • Bomstein, R. F. (1989). Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968-1987. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 265-289.
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 265-289
    • Bomstein, R.F.1
  • 16
    • 85195341306 scopus 로고
    • There is no convincing evidence for operant or classical conditioning in adult humans
    • W. B. Weimer & D. S. Palermo (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Brewer, W. F. (1974). There is no convincing evidence for operant or classical conditioning in adult humans. In W. B. Weimer & D. S. Palermo (Eds.), Cognition and the symbolic processes (pp. 1-42). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1974) Cognition and the Symbolic Processes , pp. 1-42
    • Brewer, W.F.1
  • 18
    • 0017391413 scopus 로고
    • The effect of anesthesia on acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion
    • Burešová, O., & Bureš, J. (1977). The effect of anesthesia on acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion. Behavioral Biology, 20, 41-50.
    • (1977) Behavioral Biology , vol.20 , pp. 41-50
    • Burešová, O.1    Bureš, J.2
  • 19
    • 0032478637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness
    • April
    • Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (1998, April). Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness. Science, 280, 77-81.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 77-81
    • Clark, R.E.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 20
    • 0040216899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human eyeblink classical conditioning: Effects of manipulating awareness of the stimulus contingencies
    • Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (1999). Human eyeblink classical conditioning: Effects of manipulating awareness of the stimulus contingencies. Psychological Science, 10, 14-18.
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 14-18
    • Clark, R.E.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 21
    • 0011907162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness and the conditioned eyeblink response
    • D. Woodruff-Pak & J. E. Steinmetz (Eds.). Boston: Kluwer
    • Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2000). Awareness and the conditioned eyeblink response. In D. Woodruff-Pak & J. E. Steinmetz (Eds.), Eyeblink classical conditioning: Vol. 1. Applications in humans (pp. 229-251). Boston: Kluwer.
    • (2000) Eyeblink Classical Conditioning: Vol. 1. Applications in Humans , vol.1 , pp. 229-251
    • Clark, R.E.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 22
    • 0028414435 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of declarative and non-declarative memory after bilateral thalamic lesions: A case report
    • Daum, I., & Ackermann, H. (1994). Dissociation of declarative and non-declarative memory after bilateral thalamic lesions: A case report. International Journal of Neuroscience, 75, 153-165.
    • (1994) International Journal of Neuroscience , vol.75 , pp. 153-165
    • Daum, I.1    Ackermann, H.2
  • 24
    • 0027056331 scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning after temporal lobe lesions in man: Sparing of simple discrimination and extinction
    • Daum, I., Channon, S., & Gray, J. A. (1992). Classical conditioning after temporal lobe lesions in man: Sparing of simple discrimination and extinction. Behavioral Brain Research, 52, 159-165.
    • (1992) Behavioral Brain Research , vol.52 , pp. 159-165
    • Daum, I.1    Channon, S.2    Gray, J.A.3
  • 25
    • 0025857217 scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning after temporal lobe lesions in man: Impairment in conditional discrimination
    • Daum, I., Channon, S., Polkey, C. E., & Gray, J. A. (1991). Classical conditioning after temporal lobe lesions in man: Impairment in conditional discrimination. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 396-408.
    • (1991) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.105 , pp. 396-408
    • Daum, I.1    Channon, S.2    Polkey, C.E.3    Gray, J.A.4
  • 26
    • 0013141181 scopus 로고
    • An integration of human and animal models of Pavlovian conditioning: Associations, cognitions, and attributions
    • G. C. L. Davey (Ed.). Chichester, England: Wiley
    • Davey, G. C. L. (1987). An integration of human and animal models of Pavlovian conditioning: Associations, cognitions, and attributions. In G. C. L. Davey (Ed.), Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans (pp. 83-114). Chichester, England: Wiley.
    • (1987) Cognitive Processes and Pavlovian Conditioning in Humans , pp. 83-114
    • Davey, G.C.L.1
  • 27
    • 0003051259 scopus 로고
    • An expectancy model of laboratory preparedness effects
    • Davey, G. C. L. (1992). An expectancy model of laboratory preparedness effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 24-40.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.121 , pp. 24-40
    • Davey, G.C.L.1
  • 28
    • 0028125954 scopus 로고
    • Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning?
    • Davey, G. C. L. (1994). Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 291-299.
    • (1994) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.32 , pp. 291-299
    • Davey, G.C.L.1
  • 29
    • 0017227058 scopus 로고
    • The role of awareness in human differential autonomic classical conditioning: The necessary-gate hypothesis
    • Dawson, M. E., & Furedy, J. J. (1976). The role of awareness in human differential autonomic classical conditioning: The necessary-gate hypothesis. Psychophysiohgy, 13, 50-53.
    • (1976) Psychophysiohgy , vol.13 , pp. 50-53
    • Dawson, M.E.1    Furedy, J.J.2
  • 30
    • 0015700190 scopus 로고
    • Construct validity of recall and recognition postconditioning measures of awareness
    • Dawson, M. E., & Reardon, P. (1973). Construct validity of recall and recognition postconditioning measures of awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 98, 308-315.
    • (1973) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.98 , pp. 308-315
    • Dawson, M.E.1    Reardon, P.2
  • 31
    • 0011889201 scopus 로고
    • Information processing and human autonomie classical conditioning
    • P. K. Ackles, J. R. Jennings, & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
    • Dawson, M. E., & Schell, A. M. (1985). Information processing and human autonomie classical conditioning. In P. K. Ackles, J. R. Jennings, & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Advances in psychophysiology (Vol. 1, pp. 89-165). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
    • (1985) Advances in Psychophysiology , vol.1 , pp. 89-165
    • Dawson, M.E.1    Schell, A.M.2
  • 32
    • 0022993041 scopus 로고
    • Greater resistance to extinction of electrodermal responses conditioned to potentially phobic CSs: A noncognitive process?
    • Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., & Banis, H. T. (1986). Greater resistance to extinction of electrodermal responses conditioned to potentially phobic CSs: A noncognitive process? Psychophysiology, 23, 552-561.
    • (1986) Psychophysiology , vol.23 , pp. 552-561
    • Dawson, M.E.1    Schell, A.M.2    Banis, H.T.3
  • 33
    • 0028358738 scopus 로고
    • Verbal evaluative conditioning with undetected US presentations
    • De Houwer, J., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (1994). Verbal evaluative conditioning with undetected US presentations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 629-633.
    • (1994) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.32 , pp. 629-633
    • De Houwer, J.1    Baeyens, F.2    Eelen, P.3
  • 37
    • 85029172648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning
    • De Houwer, J., Thomas, S., & Baeyens, F. (2001). Associative learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 853-869.
    • (2001) Psychological Bulletin , vol.127 , pp. 853-869
    • De Houwer, J.1    Thomas, S.2    Baeyens, F.3
  • 38
    • 0035381075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure
    • Destrebecqz, A., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 343-350.
    • (2001) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.8 , pp. 343-350
    • Destrebecqz, A.1    Cleeremans, A.2
  • 41
    • 0023734827 scopus 로고
    • Retention of CS-US association learned under ketamine anesthesia
    • Edeline, J.-M., & Neuenschwander-El Massioui, N. (1988). Retention of CS-US association learned under ketamine anesthesia. Brain Research, 457, 274-280.
    • (1988) Brain Research , vol.457 , pp. 274-280
    • Edeline, J.-M.1    Neuenschwander-El Massioui, N.2
  • 42
    • 0028227745 scopus 로고
    • Effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and their interactions with epinephrine on acquisition and retention of the rabbit nictitating membrane response
    • El-Zahaby, H. M., Ghoneim, M. M., Johnson, G. M., & Gormezano, I. (1994). Effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and their interactions with epinephrine on acquisition and retention of the rabbit nictitating membrane response. Anesthesiology, 81, 229-237.
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , pp. 229-237
    • El-Zahaby, H.M.1    Ghoneim, M.M.2    Johnson, G.M.3    Gormezano, I.4
  • 43
    • 0014843224 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and skin conductance during experimentally induced anxiety: The effect of uncertainty about receiving a noxious stimulus
    • Epstein, S., & Roupenian, A. (1970). Heart rate and skin conductance during experimentally induced anxiety: The effect of uncertainty about receiving a noxious stimulus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 20-28.
    • (1970) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 20-28
    • Epstein, S.1    Roupenian, A.2
  • 45
    • 70350657808 scopus 로고
    • Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions
    • Esteves, F., Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1994). Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions. Cognition & Emotion, 8, 393-413.
    • (1994) Cognition & Emotion , vol.8 , pp. 393-413
    • Esteves, F.1    Dimberg, U.2    Öhman, A.3
  • 46
    • 0028245821 scopus 로고
    • Nonconscious associative learning: Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli
    • Esteves, F., Parra, C., Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1994). Nonconscious associative learning: Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli. Psychophysiology, 31, 375-385.
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 375-385
    • Esteves, F.1    Parra, C.2    Dimberg, U.3    Öhman, A.4
  • 47
    • 0001968332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning is Pavlovian conditioning: Issues of definition, measurement, and the theoretical importance of contingency awareness
    • Field, A. P. (2000a). Evaluative conditioning is Pavlovian conditioning: Issues of definition, measurement, and the theoretical importance of contingency awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 41-49.
    • (2000) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.9 , pp. 41-49
    • Field, A.P.1
  • 48
    • 0034154779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I like it, but I'm not sure why: Can evaluative conditioning occur without conscious awareness?
    • Field, A. P. (2000b). I like it, but I'm not sure why: Can evaluative conditioning occur without conscious awareness? Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 13-36.
    • (2000) Consciousness and Cognition , vol.9 , pp. 13-36
    • Field, A.P.1
  • 49
    • 0031211248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual conditioning: Evidence for an artifactual account of evaluative learning
    • Field, A. P., & Davey, G. C. L. (1997). Conceptual conditioning: Evidence for an artifactual account of evaluative learning. Learning and Motivation, 28, 446-464.
    • (1997) Learning and Motivation , vol.28 , pp. 446-464
    • Field, A.P.1    Davey, G.C.L.2
  • 50
    • 0000821399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative conditioning: Arti-fact or -fiction? A reply to Baeyens, de Houwer, Vansteenwegen, and Eelen (1998)
    • Field, A. P., & Davey, G. C. L. (1998). Evaluative conditioning: Arti-fact or -fiction? A reply to Baeyens, De Houwer, Vansteenwegen, and Eelen (1998). Learning and Motivation, 29, 475-491.
    • (1998) Learning and Motivation , vol.29 , pp. 475-491
    • Field, A.P.1    Davey, G.C.L.2
  • 51
    • 0033110335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: A nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm
    • Field, A. P., & Davey, G. C. L. (1999). Reevaluating evaluative conditioning: A nonassociative explanation of conditioning effects in the visual evaluative conditioning paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 211-224.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , vol.25 , pp. 211-224
    • Field, A.P.1    Davey, G.C.L.2
  • 53
    • 0031013095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociative storage systems in human evaluative conditioning
    • Fulcher, E. P., & Cocks, R. P. (1997). Dissociative storage systems in human evaluative conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 1-10.
    • (1997) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.35 , pp. 1-10
    • Fulcher, E.P.1    Cocks, R.P.2
  • 54
    • 0041332116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning and its relation to awareness of the CS/US contingency: Focus on the phenomenon and some forgotten facts
    • Furedy, J. J., & Kristjansson, M. (1996). Human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning and its relation to awareness of the CS/US contingency: Focus on the phenomenon and some forgotten facts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 555-556.
    • (1996) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.19 , pp. 555-556
    • Furedy, J.J.1    Kristjansson, M.2
  • 56
    • 0030865813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning and memory during general anesthesia: An update
    • Ghoneim, M. M., & Block, R. I. (1997). Learning and memory during general anesthesia: An update. Anesthesiology, 87, 387-410.
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 387-410
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Block, R.I.2
  • 57
    • 0026552879 scopus 로고
    • No evidence of classical conditioning of electrodermal responses during anesthesia
    • Ghoneim, M. M., Block, R. I., & Fowles, D. C. (1992). No evidence of classical conditioning of electrodermal responses during anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 76, 682-688.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.76 , pp. 682-688
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Block, R.I.2    Fowles, D.C.3
  • 58
    • 0028028210 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine: Acquisition and retention of classically conditioned responses during treatment with large doses
    • Ghoneim, M. M., Chen, P., El-Zahaby, H. M., & Block, R. I. (1994). Ketamine: Acquisition and retention of classically conditioned responses during treatment with large doses. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 49, 1061-1066.
    • (1994) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.49 , pp. 1061-1066
    • Ghoneim, M.M.1    Chen, P.2    El-Zahaby, H.M.3    Block, R.I.4
  • 59
    • 0002964637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: Mental representation, computational mechanisms, and brain structures
    • K. Lamberts & D. Shanks (Eds.). Hove, England: Psychology Press
    • Goschke, T. (1997). Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: Mental representation, computational mechanisms, and brain structures. In K. Lamberts & D. Shanks (Eds.), Knowledge, concepts and categories (pp. 247-333). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
    • (1997) Knowledge, Concepts and Categories , pp. 247-333
    • Goschke, T.1
  • 60
    • 17444429731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning and memory without a brain
    • (in press). M. Bekoff, C. Allen, & G. Burghardt (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Grau, J. W. (in press). Learning and memory without a brain. In M. Bekoff, C. Allen, & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • The Cognitive Animal
    • Grau, J.W.1
  • 61
    • 0015702668 scopus 로고
    • Verbal control of an autonomic response in a cue reversal situation
    • Grings, W. W., Schell, A. M., & Carey, C. A. (1973). Verbal control of an autonomic response in a cue reversal situation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99, 215-221.
    • (1973) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 215-221
    • Grings, W.W.1    Schell, A.M.2    Carey, C.A.3
  • 62
    • 0029966805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective learning: Awareness and aversion
    • Hamm, A. O., & Vaitl, D. (1996). Affective learning: Awareness and aversion. Psychophysiology, 33, 698-710.
    • (1996) Psychophysiology , vol.33 , pp. 698-710
    • Hamm, A.O.1    Vaitl, D.2
  • 63
    • 0031281159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of US-alone presentations on human evaluative conditioning
    • Hammerl, M., Bloch, M., & Silverthorne, C. P. (1997). Effects of US-alone presentations on human evaluative conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 28, 491-509.
    • (1997) Learning and Motivation , vol.28 , pp. 491-509
    • Hammerl, M.1    Bloch, M.2    Silverthorne, C.P.3
  • 64
    • 0030213546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human evaluative conditioning without experiencing a valued event
    • Hammerl, M., & Grabitz, H.-J. (1996). Human evaluative conditioning without experiencing a valued event. Learning and Motivation, 27, 278-293.
    • (1996) Learning and Motivation , vol.27 , pp. 278-293
    • Hammerl, M.1    Grabitz, H.-J.2
  • 65
    • 0000919685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective-evaluative learning in humans: A form of associative learning or only an artifact?
    • Hammerl, M., & Grabitz, H.-J. (2000). Affective-evaluative learning in humans: A form of associative learning or only an artifact? Learning and Motivation, 31, 345-363.
    • (2000) Learning and Motivation , vol.31 , pp. 345-363
    • Hammerl, M.1    Grabitz, H.-J.2
  • 66
    • 0017528968 scopus 로고
    • Effects of instruction on acquisition and extinction of electrodermal responses to fear-relevant stimuli
    • Hugdahl, K., & Öhman, A. (1977). Effects of instruction on acquisition and extinction of electrodermal responses to fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 608-618.
    • (1977) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory , vol.3 , pp. 608-618
    • Hugdahl, K.1    Öhman, A.2
  • 68
    • 33845310686 scopus 로고
    • A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
    • Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513-541.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 513-541
    • Jacoby, L.L.1
  • 70
    • 0035398903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnesia and the declarative/non-declarative distinction: A recurrent network model of classification, recognition, and repetition priming
    • Kinder, A., & Shanks, D. R. (2001). Amnesia and the declarative/non-declarative distinction: A recurrent network model of classification, recognition, and repetition priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 648-669.
    • (2001) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.13 , pp. 648-669
    • Kinder, A.1    Shanks, D.R.2
  • 72
    • 0032405687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioning, awareness, and the hippocampus
    • LaBar, K. S., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1998). Conditioning, awareness, and the hippocampus. Hippocampus, 8, 620-626.
    • (1998) Hippocampus , vol.8 , pp. 620-626
    • Labar, K.S.1    Disterhoft, J.F.2
  • 73
    • 0016816668 scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning of human "evaluative" responses
    • Levey, A. B., & Martin, I. (1975). Classical conditioning of human "evaluative" responses. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 221-226.
    • (1975) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.13 , pp. 221-226
    • Levey, A.B.1    Martin, I.2
  • 74
    • 0026482843 scopus 로고
    • Tonic and phasic electrodermal measures of human aversive conditioning with long duration stimuli
    • Lovibond, P. F. (1992). Tonic and phasic electrodermal measures of human aversive conditioning with long duration stimuli. Psychophysiology, 29, 621-632.
    • (1992) Psychophysiology , vol.29 , pp. 621-632
    • Lovibond, P.F.1
  • 75
    • 0027736421 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to extinction of fear-relevant stimuli: Preparedness or selective sensitization?
    • Lovibond, P. F., Siddle, D. A. T., & Bond, N. (1993). Resistance to extinction of fear-relevant stimuli: Preparedness or selective sensitization? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 449-461.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.122 , pp. 449-461
    • Lovibond, P.F.1    Siddle, D.A.T.2    Bond, N.3
  • 78
    • 0033996880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness predicts the magnitude of single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning
    • Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2000a). Awareness predicts the magnitude of single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning. Hippocampus, 10, 181-186.
    • (2000) Hippocampus , vol.10 , pp. 181-186
    • Manns, J.R.1    Clark, R.E.2    Squire, L.R.3
  • 79
    • 0033789102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel acquisition of awareness and trace eyeblink classical conditioning
    • Manns, J. R., Clark, R. E., & Squire, L. R. (2000b). Parallel acquisition of awareness and trace eyeblink classical conditioning. Learning & Memory, 7, 267-272.
    • (2000) Learning & Memory , vol.7 , pp. 267-272
    • Manns, J.R.1    Clark, R.E.2    Squire, L.R.3
  • 80
    • 0024367954 scopus 로고
    • Awareness of the CS-UCS contingency and classical conditioning of skin conductance responses with olfactory CSs
    • Marinkovic, K., Schell, A. M., & Dawson, M. E. (1989). Awareness of the CS-UCS contingency and classical conditioning of skin conductance responses with olfactory CSs. Biological Psychology, 29, 39-60.
    • (1989) Biological Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 39-60
    • Marinkovic, K.1    Schell, A.M.2    Dawson, M.E.3
  • 82
    • 0344886973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eyeblink classical conditioning in amnesia
    • D. Woodruff-Pak & J. E. Steinmetz (Eds.). Boston: Kluwer
    • McGlinchey-Berroth, R. (2000). Eyeblink classical conditioning in amnesia. In D. Woodruff-Pak & J. E. Steinmetz (Eds.), Eyeblink classical conditioning: Vol. 1. Applications in humans (pp. 205-227). Boston: Kluwer.
    • (2000) Eyeblink Classical Conditioning: Vol. 1. Applications in Humans , vol.1 , pp. 205-227
    • McGlinchey-Berroth, R.1
  • 83
    • 0033056666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal discrimination learning in severe amnesic patients reveals an alteration in the timing of eyeblink conditioned responses
    • McGlinchey-Berroth, R., Brawn, C., & Disterhoft, J. F. (1999). Temporal discrimination learning in severe amnesic patients reveals an alteration in the timing of eyeblink conditioned responses. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113, 10-18.
    • (1999) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.113 , pp. 10-18
    • McGlinchey-Berroth, R.1    Brawn, C.2    Disterhoft, J.F.3
  • 84
    • 0019528103 scopus 로고
    • Phobias and preparedness: Instructional reversal of electrodermal conditioning to fear-relevant stimuli
    • McNally, R. J. (1981). Phobias and preparedness: Instructional reversal of electrodermal conditioning to fear-relevant stimuli. Psychological Reports, 48, 175-180.
    • (1981) Psychological Reports , vol.48 , pp. 175-180
    • McNally, R.J.1
  • 85
    • 0023304553 scopus 로고
    • Preparedness and phobias
    • McNally, R. J. (1987). Preparedness and phobias. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 283-303.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 283-303
    • McNally, R.J.1
  • 86
    • 0032482419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala
    • Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1998). Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature, 393, 467-470.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 467-470
    • Morris, J.S.1    Öhman, A.2    Dolan, R.J.3
  • 87
    • 0016006462 scopus 로고
    • Effects of masking tasks on differential eyelid conditioning: A distinction between knowledge of stimulus contingencies and attentional or cognitive activities involving them
    • Nelson, M. N., & Ross, L. E. (1974). Effects of masking tasks on differential eyelid conditioning: A distinction between knowledge of stimulus contingencies and attentional or cognitive activities involving them. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 1-9.
    • (1974) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.102 , pp. 1-9
    • Nelson, M.N.1    Ross, L.E.2
  • 89
    • 0022039928 scopus 로고
    • MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer
    • O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985). MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316-333.
    • (1985) Psychological Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 316-333
    • O'Brien, R.G.1    Kaiser, M.K.2
  • 90
    • 0000541405 scopus 로고
    • The orienting response, attention, and learning: An information processing perspective
    • H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst, & J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Öhman, A. (1979). The orienting response, attention, and learning: An information processing perspective. In H. D. Kimmel, E. H. van Olst, & J. F. Orlebeke (Eds.), The orienting reflex in humans (pp. 443-472). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1979) The Orienting Reflex in Humans , pp. 443-472
    • Öhman, A.1
  • 91
    • 0016357467 scopus 로고
    • Habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction to potentially phobic and supposedly neutral stimuli in normal human subjects
    • Öhman, A., Eriksson, A., Fredrikson, M., Hugdahl, K., & Olofsson, C. (1974). Habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction to potentially phobic and supposedly neutral stimuli in normal human subjects. Biological Psychology, 2, 85-93.
    • (1974) Biological Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 85-93
    • Öhman, A.1    Eriksson, A.2    Fredrikson, M.3    Hugdahl, K.4    Olofsson, C.5
  • 92
    • 0016638193 scopus 로고
    • Phobias and preparedness: Phobic versus neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses
    • Öhman, A., Erixon, G., & Lofberg, I. (1975). Phobias and preparedness: Phobic versus neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 41-45.
    • (1975) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 41-45
    • Öhman, A.1    Erixon, G.2    Lofberg, I.3
  • 93
    • 0029074678 scopus 로고
    • Preparedness and preattentive associative learning: Electrodermal conditioning to masked stimuli
    • Öhman, A., Esteves, F., & Soares, J. J. F. (1995). Preparedness and preattentive associative learning: Electrodermal conditioning to masked stimuli. Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 99-108.
    • (1995) Journal of Psychophysiology , vol.9 , pp. 99-108
    • Öhman, A.1    Esteves, F.2    Soares, J.J.F.3
  • 94
    • 0027417263 scopus 로고
    • On the automatic nature of phobic fear: Conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli
    • Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1993). On the automatic nature of phobic fear: Conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 121-132.
    • (1993) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.102 , pp. 121-132
    • Öhman, A.1    Soares, J.J.F.2
  • 95
    • 0028271210 scopus 로고
    • "Unconscious anxiety": Phobic responses to masked stimuli
    • Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1994). "Unconscious anxiety": Phobic responses to masked stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 231-240.
    • (1994) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.103 , pp. 231-240
    • Öhman, A.1    Soares, J.J.F.2
  • 96
    • 0032012707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli
    • Öhman, A., & Soares, J. J. F. (1998). Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 69-82.
    • (1998) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.127 , pp. 69-82
    • Öhman, A.1    Soares, J.J.F.2
  • 97
    • 0029972460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice anesthetized with halothane
    • Pang, R., Turndorf, H., & Quartermain, D. (1996). Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice anesthetized with halothane. Physiology & Behavior, 59, 873-875.
    • (1996) Physiology & Behavior , vol.59 , pp. 873-875
    • Pang, R.1    Turndorf, H.2    Quartermain, D.3
  • 98
    • 0346422740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eyeblink classical conditioning and awareness revisited
    • Papka, M., Ivry, R. B., & Woodruff-Pak, D. S. (1997). Eyeblink classical conditioning and awareness revisited. Psychological Science, 8, 404-408.
    • (1997) Psychological Science , vol.8 , pp. 404-408
    • Papka, M.1    Ivry, R.B.2    Woodruff-Pak, D.S.3
  • 100
    • 0035229051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theories of associative learning in animals
    • Pearce, J. M., & Bouton, M. E. (2001). Theories of associative learning in animals. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 111-139.
    • (2001) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 111-139
    • Pearce, J.M.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 101
    • 0022139359 scopus 로고
    • A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning
    • Perruchet, P. (1985). A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Sciences, 20, 163-170.
    • (1985) Pavlovian Journal of Biological Sciences , vol.20 , pp. 163-170
    • Perruchet, P.1
  • 102
    • 0018511442 scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of cognitive involvement and response topography upon differential eyelid conditioning to conceptual discriminanda
    • Perry, L. C., Brown, R. M., & Perry, D. G. (1979). Interactive effects of cognitive involvement and response topography upon differential eyelid conditioning to conceptual discriminanda. American Journal of Psychology, 92, 401-412.
    • (1979) American Journal of Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 401-412
    • Perry, L.C.1    Brown, R.M.2    Perry, D.G.3
  • 103
    • 0017737599 scopus 로고
    • Effects of noun imagery and awareness of the discriminative cue upon differential eyelid conditioning to grammatical and ungrammatical phrases
    • Perry, L. C., Grant, D. A., & Schwartz, M. (1977). Effects of noun imagery and awareness of the discriminative cue upon differential eyelid conditioning to grammatical and ungrammatical phrases. Memory & Cognition, 5, 423-429.
    • (1977) Memory & Cognition , vol.5 , pp. 423-429
    • Perry, L.C.1    Grant, D.A.2    Schwartz, M.3
  • 104
    • 0008329406 scopus 로고
    • A two-phase model account of aversive classical conditioning performance in humans and rabbits
    • Prokasy, W. F. (1973). A two-phase model account of aversive classical conditioning performance in humans and rabbits. Learning and Motivation, 4, 247-258.
    • (1973) Learning and Motivation , vol.4 , pp. 247-258
    • Prokasy, W.F.1
  • 105
    • 0035242186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does affective learning exist in the absence of contingency awareness?
    • Purkis, H. M., & Lipp, O. V. (2001). Does affective learning exist in the absence of contingency awareness? Learning and Motivation, 32, 84-99.
    • (2001) Learning and Motivation , vol.32 , pp. 84-99
    • Purkis, H.M.1    Lipp, O.V.2
  • 106
    • 0021743659 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of radiation- And lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions in anesthetized rats
    • Rabin, B. M., & Rabin, J. S. (1984). Acquisition of radiation- and lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions in anesthetized rats. Animal Learning and Behavior, 12, 439-441.
    • (1984) Animal Learning and Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 439-441
    • Rabin, B.M.1    Rabin, J.S.2
  • 107
    • 0002426062 scopus 로고
    • Conditioning and perception
    • Razran, G. (1955). Conditioning and perception. Psychological Review, 62, 83-95.
    • (1955) Psychological Review , vol.62 , pp. 83-95
    • Razran, G.1
  • 109
    • 84986817273 scopus 로고
    • On the inter-relatedness of theory and measurement in the study of unconscious processes
    • Reingold, E. M., & Merikle, P. M. (1990). On the inter-relatedness of theory and measurement in the study of unconscious processes. Mind and Language, 5, 9-28.
    • (1990) Mind and Language , vol.5 , pp. 9-28
    • Reingold, E.M.1    Merikle, P.M.2
  • 110
    • 0023975811 scopus 로고
    • Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is
    • Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is. American Psychologist, 43, 151-160.
    • (1988) American Psychologist , vol.43 , pp. 151-160
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 111
    • 0002777668 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive factors in conditioning: The use of masking tasks in eyelid conditioning
    • H. H. Kendler & J. T. Spence (Eds.). New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts
    • Ross, L. E. (1971). Cognitive factors in conditioning: The use of masking tasks in eyelid conditioning. In H. H. Kendler & J. T. Spence (Eds.), Essays in neobehaviorism: A memorial volume to Kenneth W. Spence (pp. 161-185). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
    • (1971) Essays in Neobehaviorism: A Memorial Volume to Kenneth W. Spence , pp. 161-185
    • Ross, L.E.1
  • 112
    • 0015538382 scopus 로고
    • The role of awareness in differential conditioning
    • Ross, L. E., & Nelson, M. N. (1973). The role of awareness in differential conditioning. Psychophysiology, 10, 91-94.
    • (1973) Psychophysiology , vol.10 , pp. 91-94
    • Ross, L.E.1    Nelson, M.N.2
  • 114
    • 0026068411 scopus 로고
    • Effects of potentially phobic conditioned stimuli on retention, reconditioning, and extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response
    • Schell, A. M., Dawson, M. E., & Marinkovic, K. (1991). Effects of potentially phobic conditioned stimuli on retention, reconditioning, and extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response. Psychophysiology, 28, 140-153.
    • (1991) Psychophysiology , vol.28 , pp. 140-153
    • Schell, A.M.1    Dawson, M.E.2    Marinkovic, K.3
  • 115
    • 0033580033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term retention of classical eyeblink conditioning in amnesia
    • Schugens, M. M., & Daum, I. (1999). Long-term retention of classical eyeblink conditioning in amnesia. NeuroReport, 10, 149-152.
    • (1999) NeuroReport , vol.10 , pp. 149-152
    • Schugens, M.M.1    Daum, I.2
  • 116
    • 0000636130 scopus 로고
    • Phobias and preparedness
    • Seligman, M. E. P. (1971). Phobias and preparedness. Behavior Therapy, 2, 307-320.
    • (1971) Behavior Therapy , vol.2 , pp. 307-320
    • Seligman, M.E.P.1
  • 117
    • 0001848286 scopus 로고
    • Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A comment on Baeyens, Eelen, and Van den Bergh
    • Shanks, D. R., & Dickinson, A. (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A comment on Baeyens, Eelen, and Van den Bergh. Cognition & Emotion, 4, 19-30.
    • (1990) Cognition & Emotion , vol.4 , pp. 19-30
    • Shanks, D.R.1    Dickinson, A.2
  • 118
    • 0001662397 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
    • Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 367-447.
    • (1994) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 367-447
    • Shanks, D.R.1    St. John, M.F.2
  • 119
    • 0002620430 scopus 로고
    • A program of classical conditioning experiments testing variations in the conditioned stimulus and content
    • Shimp, T. A., Stuart, E. W., & Engle, R. W. (1991). A program of classical conditioning experiments testing variations in the conditioned stimulus and content. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 1-12.
    • (1991) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.18 , pp. 1-12
    • Shimp, T.A.1    Stuart, E.W.2    Engle, R.W.3
  • 120
    • 0006136535 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulus preexposure on omission responding and omission-produced dishabituation of the human electrodermal response
    • Siddle, D. A. T., Booth, M. L., & Packer, J. S. (1987). Effects of stimulus preexposure on omission responding and omission-produced dishabituation of the human electrodermal response. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39B, 339-363.
    • (1987) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.39 B , pp. 339-363
    • Siddle, D.A.T.1    Booth, M.L.2    Packer, J.S.3
  • 121
    • 0027282094 scopus 로고
    • Backward masking and skin conductance responses after conditioning to nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli in fearful subjects
    • Soares, J. J. P., & Öhman, A. (1993). Backward masking and skin conductance responses after conditioning to nonfeared but fear-relevant stimuli in fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 30, 460-466.
    • (1993) Psychophysiology , vol.30 , pp. 460-466
    • Soares, J.J.P.1    Öhman, A.2
  • 122
    • 0000741138 scopus 로고
    • Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory
    • D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Squire, L. R. (1994). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory. In D. L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 203-231). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1994) Memory Systems 1994 , pp. 203-231
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 123
    • 0000745856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in odor sweetness resulting from implicit learning of a simultaneous odorsweetness association: An example of learned synesthesia
    • Stevenson, R. J., Boakes, R. A., & Prescott, J. (1998). Changes in odor sweetness resulting from implicit learning of a simultaneous odorsweetness association: An example of learned synesthesia. Learning and Motivation, 29, 113-132.
    • (1998) Learning and Motivation , vol.29 , pp. 113-132
    • Stevenson, R.J.1    Boakes, R.A.2    Prescott, J.3
  • 125
    • 0017752385 scopus 로고
    • Classical skin conductance response conditioning: Effects of random intermittent reinforcement
    • Williams, W. C., & Prokasy, W. F. (1977). Classical skin conductance response conditioning: Effects of random intermittent reinforcement. Psychophysiology, 14, 401-407.
    • (1977) Psychophysiology , vol.14 , pp. 401-407
    • Williams, W.C.1    Prokasy, W.F.2
  • 128
    • 0028009667 scopus 로고
    • Conscious and nonconscious processes: An ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli
    • Wong, P. S., Shevrin, H., & Williams, W. J. (1994). Conscious and nonconscious processes: An ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli. Psychophysiology, 31, 87-101.
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 87-101
    • Wong, P.S.1    Shevrin, H.2    Williams, W.J.3
  • 129
    • 0027787598 scopus 로고
    • Eyeblink classical conditioning in H.M.: Delay and trace paradigms
    • Woodruff-Pak, D. S. (1993). Eyeblink classical conditioning in H.M.: Delay and trace paradigms. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107, 911-925.
    • (1993) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.107 , pp. 911-925
    • Woodruff-Pak, D.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.