Can amnesic patients learn without awareness?. New evidence comparing deterministic and probabilistic sequence learning

Neuropsychologia

Volumn 44, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1629-1641

  Vandenberghe, Muriel ^a   Schmidt, Nicolas ^a   Fery, Patrick ^a,b   Cleeremans, Axel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

^b ERASME HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Amnesia; Awareness; Sequence learning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; KNOWLEDGE; MALE; NOISE; PROBABILITY; REACTION TIME; RECOGNITION; REPRODUCIBILITY; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AWARENESS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROBABILITY LEARNING; REACTION TIME; SERIAL LEARNING;

EID: 33745253740     PISSN: 00283932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.022     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Baddeley A., Emslie H., and Nimmo-Smith I. The Doors and People test: A test of visual and verbal recall and recognition (1994), Thames Valley Test Company, Bury St. Edmunds
2. Baddeley A., and Wilson B.A. When implicit learning fails: Amnesia and the problem of error elimination. Neuropsychologia 32 1 (1994) 53-68
3. Brooks D.N., and Baddeley A.D. What can amnesic patients learn?. Neuropsychologia 14 (1976) 111-122
4. Cavaco S., Anderson S.W., Allen J.S., Castro-Caldas A., and Damasio H. The scope of preserved procedural memory in amnesia. Brain 127 8 (2004) 1853-1867
5. Chun M., and Phelps E. Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage. Nature Neuroscience 2 9 (1999) 844-847
6. Clark R.E., Manns J.R., and Squire L.R. Classical conditioning, awareness and brain systems. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 12 (2002) 524-531
7. Cleeremans A. Mechanisms of implicit learning: Connectionist models of sequence processing. (1993), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
8. Cleeremans A., and Jiménez L. Implicit sequence learning: The truth is in the details. In: Stadler M.A., and Frensch P.A. (Eds). Handbook of implicit learning (1998), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks 323-364
9. Cleeremans A., and Jiménez L. Implicit learning and consciousness: A graded, dynamic perspective. In: French R.M., and Cleeremans A. (Eds). Implicit learning and consciousness: An empirical, computational and philosophical consensus in the making? (2002), Psychology Press, Hove, UK 1-40
10. Cleeremans A., and McClelland J.L. Learning the structure of event sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 120 (1991) 235-253
11. Cohen N.J., and Squire L.R. Preserved learning and retention of pattern analysing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that. Science 210 (1980) 207-209
12. Curran T. Higher-order associative learning in amnesia: Evidence from the serial reaction time task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9 (1997) 522-533
13. Destrebecqz A., and Cleeremans A. Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the Process Dissociation Procedure. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 8 2 (2001) 343-350
14. Grober E., and Buschke H. Genuine memory deficits in dementia. Developmental Psychology 3 (1987) 13-36
15. Hamann S.B., and Squire L.R. Intact perceptual memory in the absence of conscious memory. Behavioral Neuroscience 111 4 (1997) 850-854
16. Hopkins R.O., Myers C.E., Shohamy D., Grossman S., and Gluck M. Impaired probabilistic category learning in hypoxic subjects with hippocampla damage. Neuropsychologia 42 (2004) 524-535
17. Jacoby L.L. A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30 (1991) 513-541
18. Kinder A., and Shanks D.R. Amnesia and the declarative/nondeclarative distinction: A recurrent network model of classification, recognition, and repetition priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13 5 (2001) 648-669
19. Knowlton B., Mangels J., and Squire L. A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science 273 (1996) 1399-1402
20. Knowlton B.J., and Squire L.R. Artificial grammar learning depends on implicit acquisition of both abstract and exemplar-specific information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 22 (1996) 169-181
21. Knowlton B., Squire L., and Gluck M. Probabilistic classification learning in amnesia. Learning and Memory 1 (1994) 106-120
22. Meulemans T., and Van der Linden M. Implicit learning of complex information in amnesia. Brain and Cognition 52 (2003) 250-257
23. Milner B., Corkin S., and Teuber H.L. Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome: 14-years follow-up study of H.M. Neuropsychologia 6 (1968) 215-234
24. Nissen M.J., and Bullemer P. Attentional requirement of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology 19 (1987) 1-32
25. Nissen M.J., Willingham D., and Hartman M. Explicit and implicit remembering: When is learning preserved in amnesia?. Neuropsychologia 27 3 (1989) 341-352
26. Peigneux P., Maquet P., Meulemans T., Destrebecqz A., Laureys S., Degueldre C., et al. Striatum forever, despite sequence learning variability: A random effect analysis of PET data. Human Brain Mapping 10 4 (2000) 179-194
27. Perruchet P., and Amorim M.A. Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: Evidence against dissociation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 18 (1992) 785-800
28. Perruchet P., and Vinter A. The self-organizing consciousness: A framework for implicit learning. In: French R.M., and Cleeremans A. (Eds). Implicit learning and consciousness: An empirical, computational and philosophical consensus in the making? (2002), Psychology Press, Hove, UK 41-67
29. Raven J.C. Progressives matrices: A perceptual test for intelligence (1938), Lewis, London
30. Reber A.S. Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5 (1967) 855-863
31. Reber P.J., and Squire L.R. Parallel brain systems for learning with and without awareness. Learning and Memory 1 (1994) 217-229
32. Reber P.J., and Squire L.R. Encapsulation of implicit and explicit memory in sequence learning. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10 (1998) 248-263
33. Reed J., and Johnson P. Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 20 (1994) 585-594
34. Ryan J., Althoff R., Whitlow S., and Cohen N. Amnesia is a deficit in relational memory. Psychological Science 11 6 (2000) 454-461
35. Schvaneveldt R.W., and Gomez R.L. Attention and probabilistic sequence learning. Psychological Research 61 (1998) 175-190
36. Shanks D.R., and Johnstone T. Evaluating the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge in a serial reaction time task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 25 6 (1999) 1435-1451
37. Shanks D.R., and St. John M.F. Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (1994) 367-447
38. Shanks D.R., Wilkinson L., and Channon S. Relationship between priming and recognition in deterministic and probabilistic sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29 (2003) 248-261
39. Van der Linden, M., Coyette, F., Poitrenaud, J., Kalafat, M., Calicis, F., Wyns, C., et al. (2004). L'épreuve de rappel libre/rappel indicé à 16 items (RL/RI-16). M. Van der Linden et les membres du GRENEM, L'évaluation des troubles de la mémoire (pp. 25-47). Marseille: Solal.
40. Violon, A., & Wijns, C. (1984). Le test de la Ruche. Test de perception et d'apprentissage progressif en mémoire visuelle. Braine le Château, Belgique: L'application des techniques modernes.
41. Wilkinson L., and Shanks D.R. Intentional control and implicit sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30 (2004) 354-359