Electrochemical biochips for protein analysis

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

Volumn 109, Issue , 2007, Pages 155-193

  Warsinke, Axel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antibodies; Aptamers; Biosensors; Immunosensors; Protein arrays; Protein chips; Proteomics

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; PEPTIDE APTAMER;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; METHODOLOGY; PROTEIN MICROARRAY; PROTEOMICS;

ANTIBODIES; APTAMERS, PEPTIDE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PROTEIN ARRAY ANALYSIS; PROTEOMICS;

EID: 36749013567     PISSN: 07246145     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_079     Document Type: Article

References (204)

1. Jain KK (2005) Drug Discov Today 10(21):1435
2. Jain KK (2006) Drug Discov Today 11(13-14):573
3. Anonymous (2005) Personalized medicines: hopes and realities. The Royal Society, London, UK
4. Pennisi E (2003) Science 300(5625):1484
5. Kingsmore SF (2006) Nat Rev Drug Discov 5(4):310-320
6. Shevchenko A, Jensen ON, Podtelejnikov AV, Sagliocco F, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mortensen P, Shevchenko A, Boucherie H, Mann M (1996) PNAS 93(25):14440
7. Petricoin EF, Bichsel VE, Calvert VS, Espina V, Winters M, Young L, Belluco C, Trock BJ, Lippman M, Fishman DA, Sgroi DC, Munson PJ, Esserman LJ, Liotta LA (2005) J Clin Oncol 23(15):3614
8. Frank R, Hargreaves R (2003) Nat Rev Drug Discov 2(7):566
9. Buechler KF Moi S, Noar B, McGrath D, Villela J, Clancy M, Shenhav A, Colleymore A, Valkirs G, Lee T, Bruni JF, Walsh M, Hoffman R, Ahmuty F, Nowakowski M, Buechler J, Mitchell M, Boyd D, Stiso N, Anderson R (1992) Clin Chem 38(9):1678
10. Barbas III CF, Burton DR, Scott JK (2004) Phage Display: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
11. He MY, Taussig MJ (1997) Nucleic Acids Res 25(24):5132
12. Hanes J, Plueckthun A (1997) PNAS 94(10):4937
13. Kramer K, Hock B (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 377(3):417
14. Hock B, Seifert M, Kramer K (2002) Biosens Bioelectron 17(3):239
15. Hudson PJ (1999) Curr Opin Immunol 11(5):548
16. Harris B (1999) Trends Biotechnol 17:290
17. Ingvarsson J, Lindstedt M Borrebaeck CAK, Wingren C (2006) J Proteome Res 5(1): 170
18. Wang SH, Zhang JB, Zhang ZP, Zhou YF, Yang RF, Chen J, Guo YC, You F, Zhang XE (2006) Anal Chem 78(4):997
19. Lechuga LM (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 384(1):44
20. Gauglitz G (2005) Anal Bioanal Chem 381(1):141
21. Cooper MA (2006) Drug Discov Today 11(23/34):1061
22. Blake C, Gould BJ (1984) Analyst 109:533
23. Harlow E, Lane D (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
24. Ekins R (1989) Nature 340(6231):256
25. Seidel M, Dankbar DM, Gauglitz G (2004) Anal Bioanal Chem 379(7-8):904
26. Ghatnekar-Nilsson S, Dexlin L, Wingren C, Montelius L, Borrebaeck CAK (2007) Proteomics 7(4):540
27. Ekins RP, Chu FW (1991) Clin Chem 37(11):1955
28. Weller MG, Schuetz AJ, Winklmair M, Niessner R (1999) Anal Chim Acta 393:29
29. Fall BI, Eberlein-Konig B, Behrendt H, Niessner R, Ring J, Weller MG (2003) Anal Chem 75(3):556
30. Schweitzer B, Wiltshire S, Lambert J, O'Malley S, Kukanskis K, Zhu ZR, Kingsmore SF, Lizardi PM, Ward DC (2000) PNAS 97(18):10113
31. Diaz-Gonzalez M, Gonzalez-Garcia MB, Costa-Garcia A (2005) Electroanalysis 17(21):1901
32. Pänke O, Balkenhohl T, Kafka J, Schäfer D, Lisdat F (2008) Impedance Spectroscopy and Biosensing (in this volume)
33. Tang TC, Deng AP, Huang HJ (2002) Anal Chem 74(11):2617
34. Bagel O, Degrand C, Limoges B, Joannes M, Azek F, Brossier P (2000) Electroanalysis 12(18):1447
35. Marko-Varga G, Emneus J, Gorton L, Ruzgas T (1995) Trends Anal Chem 14:319
36. Benkert A, Scheller FW, Schoessler W, Micheel B, Warsinke A (2000) Electroanalysis 12:1318
37. Wang J, Ibanez A, Chatrathi MP (2002) Electrophoresis 23:3744
38. Tanaka T, Tsukube S, Izawa K, Okochi M, Lim TK, Watanabe S, Harada M, Matsunaga T (2007) Biosens Bioelectron 22(9-10):2051
39. Bordes AL, Schöllhorn B, Limoges B, Degrand C (1999) Talanta 48:201
40. Bordes AL, Limoges B, Brossier P, Degrand C (1997) Anal Chim Acta 356:195
41. Mak WC, Cheung KY, Trau D, Warsinke A, Scheller F, Renneberg R (2005) Anal Chem 77(9):2835
42. Niwa O, Morita M, Tabei H (1991) Electroanalysis 3:163
43. Wollenberger U, Paeschke M, Hintsche R (1994) Analyst 119:1245
44. Hintsche R, Paeschke M, Uhlig A, Seitz R (1997) Microbiosensors using electrodes made in Si-technology. In: Scheller FW, Schubert F, Fedrowitz J (eds) Frontiers in Biosensorics I. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 267-283
45. Athey D, McNeil CJ, Bailey WR, Hager HJ, Mullen WH, Russell LJ (1993) Biosens Bioelectron 8:415
46. Aizawa M, Morioka A, Suzuki S (1980) Anal Chim Acta 115:61
47. Abdel-Hamid I, Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1999) Anal Lett 32:1081
48. Rishpon J, Ivnitski D (1997) Biosens Bioelectron 12:195
49. Ivnitski D, Wolf T, Solomon B, Fleminger G, Rishpon J (1998) Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 45:27
50. Romero FJM, Stiene M, Kast R, Luque de Castro MD, Bilitewski U (1998) Biosens Bioelectron 13:1107
51. Santandreu M, Alegret A, Fabregas E (1999) Anal Chim Acta 396:181
52. Wendzinski F, Gründig B, Renneberg R, Spener F (1997) Biosens Bioelectron 12:43
53. Dill K, Montgomery DD, Ghindilis AL, Schwarzkopf KR (2004) J Biochem Biophys Meth 59(2):181
54. Dill K, Montgomery DD, Ghindilis AL, Schwarzkopf KR, Ragsdale SR, Oleinikov AV (2004) Biosens Bioelectron 20(4):736
55. Volpe G, Compagnone D, Draisci R, Palleschi G (1998) Analyst 123(6):1303
56. Padeste C, Grubelnik A, Tiefenauer L (1998) Anal Chim Acta 374:167
57. Renneberg R, Schoessler W, Scheller F (1983) Anal Lett 16:1279
58. Wehmeyer KR, Halsall HB, Heineman WR, Volle CD, Chen IW ( 1986) Anal Chem 58:135
59. Jenkins SH, Heineman WR, Halsall HB (1988) Anal Biochem 168:292
60. Ducey MW, Smith AM, Guo X, Meyerhoff ME (1997) Anal Chim Acta 357:5
61. Diaz-Gonzalez M, Gonzalez-Garcia MB, Costa-Garcia A (2005) Biosens Bioelectron 20:2035
62. Volpe G, Fares G, Quadri FD, Draisci R, Ferretti G, Marchiafava C, Moscone D, Palleschi G (2006) Anal Chim Acta 572(1):11
63. Robinson GA, Cole VM, Forrest GC (1987/88) Biosensors 3:147
64. Bier FF, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bauer CH, Scheller FW (1996) Fresensius J Anal Chem 354:861
65. Masson M, Liu Z, Haruyama T, Kobatake E, Ikariyama Y, Aizawa M (1995) Anal Chim Acta 304(3):353
66. Campanella L, Attioli R, Colapicchioni C, Tomassetti M (1999) Sens Actuat B 55:23
67. Sergeyeva TA, Soldatkin AP, Rachkov AE, Tereschenko MI, Piletsky SA, El'skaya AV (1999) Anal Chim Acta 390:73
68. Mirhabibollahi B, Brooks JL, Kroll RG (1990) J Appl Bacteriol 68:577
69. Ikariyama Y, Aizawa M (1988) Bioaffinity sensors. In: Methods in Enzymology, vol 137. Academic Press, New York, pp 111-124
70. Kulys J, Razumas V, Malinauskas A (1980) Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 7:11
71. Kaneki N, Xu Y, Kumari A, Halsall HB, Heineman WR, Kissinger PT (1994) Anal Chim Acta 287:253
72. Niwa O, Xy Y, Halsall BH, Heineman WR (1993) Anal Chem 65:1559
73. Buckley E, Smyth MR, Heineman W, Halsall HB (1989) Anal Proc 26:5
74. Tang HT, Lunte CF, Halsall HB, Heineman WR (1988) Anal Chim Acta 214:187
75. Meusel M, Renneberg R, Spener F, Schmitz G (1995) Biosens Bioelectron 10:577
76. Mirhabibollahi B, Brooks JL, Kroll RG (1990) Lett Appl Microbiol 11:119
77. Frew JE, Foulds NC, Wilshere JM, Forrow NJ, Green MJ (1989) Electroanal Chem 266:309
78. Athey D, McNeil C (1994) J Immunol Meth 176:153
79. Makower A, Bauer CG, Ghindilis A, Scheller FW (1994) Biosensors 94, Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Biosensors, edited by T. Turner. Oxford: Elsevier Advanced Technology
80. Scheller FW, Bauer CG, Makower A, Wollenberger U, Warsinke A, Bier FF (2002) Immunoassays using enzymatic amplification electrodes, pp. 207- 238. In: Biomolecular Sensors, edited by E Gizeli and CR Lowe. Taylor and Francis,
81. Bauer CG, Eremenko AV, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Bier FF, Makower A, Halsall HB, Heineman WR, Scheller FW (1996) Anal Chem 68:2453
82. Bier FF, Förster E, Makower A, Scheller FW (1996) Anal Chim Acta 328:27
83. Ghindilis AL, Makower A, Bauer CG, Bier FF, Scheller FW (1995) Anal Chim Acta 304:25
84. Johansson A, Ellis DH, Bates DL, Plumb AM, Stanley CJ (1986) J Immunol Meth 87(1):7
85. Self CH (1981) EU Patent Appl 80303478.4
86. Stanley CJ, Cox RB, Cardosi MF, Turner APF (1988) J Immunol Meth 112(2):153
87. Bergel A, Souppe J, Comtant M (1989) Anal Biochem 179:382
88. Tang X, Johansson G (1995) Anal Lett 28:2595
89. Olson JD, Panfili PR, Armenta R, Fremmel MB, Merrick H, Gumperz J, Goltz M, Zuk RF (1990) J Immunol Meth 134:71
90. Janata J (1975) Immunoelectrode. J Am Chem Soc 97:2914
91. Keating MY, Rechnitz GA (1984) Anal Chem 56:801
92. Engel L, Baumann W (1994) Fresenius J Anal Chem 349:447
93. Pfeifer U, Baumann W (1992) Fresenius J Anal Chem 343:541
94. Gotoh M, Tamiya E, Momoi M, Kagawa Y, Karube I (1987) Anal Lett 20:857
95. Bergveld P (1991) Biosens Bioelectron 6:55
96. Sadik OA, van Emon JM (1997) Chemtech 27(6):38
97. Grant S, Davis F, Pritchard JA, Law KA, Higson SPJ, Gibson TD (2003) Anal Chim Acta 495:21
98. Susmel S, Guilbault GG, O'Sullivan CK (2003) Biosens Bioelectron 18:881
99. Blonder R, Katz E, Cohen Y, Itzhak N, Riklin A, Willner I (1996) Anal Chem 68:3151
100. Akram M, Stuart MC, Wong DKY (2006) Electroanalysis 18(3):237
101. Halamek J, Wollenberger U, Stöcklein WFM, Warsinke A, Scheller FW (2007) Anal Lett 40:1434
102. Dai Z, Yan F, Chen J, Ju H (2003) Anal Chem 75:5429
103. Key G, Schreiber A, Feldbrügge R, McNeil CJ, Joergensen P, Pelsers MMAL, Glatz JFC, Spener F (1999) Clin Biochem 32:229
104. Mattiasson B, Nilsson H (1977) FEBS Lett 78:251
105. Stoiber D, Stocklein W, Scheller F, Warsinke A (2002) Anal Chim Acta 470(2):111
106. Tarasewich MR (1985) Chapter 4: Bioelectrocatalysis, p. 275 In: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry. 10th Bioelectrochemistry, Plenum Press, NY
107. Berezin IV, Bogdanovskaya VA, Tarasevich MR, Varfolomeev SD, Yaropolov AI (1978) Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 240:615
108. Ghindilis AL, Skorobogat'ko OV, Yaropolov AI (1991) Biomed Sci 2(5):520
109. Ghindilis AL, Skoroboga'tko OV, Gavrilova VP, Yaropolov AI (1992) Biosens Bioelectron 7:301
110. Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1996) Sens Actuat B 34(1-3):528
111. Milligan C, Ghindilis A (2002) Electroanalysis 14:415
112. McNeil CJ, Athey D, Ho WO (1995) Biosens Bioelectron 10:75
113. Lu B, Iwuoha EI, Smyth MR, O'Kennedy R (1997) Anal Chim Acta 345:59
114. Lu B, Iwuoha EI, Smyth MR, O'Kennedy R (1997) Anal Comm 34:21
115. Keay RW, McNeil CJ (1998) Biosens Bioelectron 13:963
116. Wingren C, Ingvarsson J, Lindstedt M, Borrebaeck CAK (2003) Nat Biotechnol 21:223
117. Dove A (1999) Nat Biotechnol 17:233
118. O'Sullivan CK (2002) Anal Bioanal Chem 372(1):44
119. Tuerk C, Gold L (1990) Science 249:505
120. Ellington AD, Szostak J (1990) Nature 346(6287):818
121. Bellecave P, Andreola ML, Ventura M, Tarrago-Litvak L, Litvak S, Astier-Gin T (2003) Oligonucleotides 13:455
122. Biesecker G, Dihel L, Enney K, Bendele RA (1999) Immunopharmacology 42(1-3):219
123. Bless NM, Smith D, Charlton J, Czermak BJ, Schmal H, Friedl HP, Ward PA (1997) Curr Biol 7:877
124. Bock LC, Griffin LC, Latham JA, Vermaas EH, Toole JJ (1992) Nature 355(6360):564
125. Browning CM, Cagnon L, Good PD, Rossi J, Engelke DR, Markovitz DM (1999) J Virol 73(6):5191
126. Chinnapen DJ, Sen D (2002) Biochemistry 41:5202
127. Cho JS, Lee YJ, Shin KS, Jeong S, Park J, Lee SW (2004) Mol Cells 18:17
128. Convery MA, Rowsell S, Stonehouse NJ, Ellington AD, Hirao I, Murray JB, Peabody DS, Phillips SE, Stockley PG (1998) Nat Struct Biol 5:133
129. Ehsan A, Mann MJ, Dell'Acqua G, Dzau VJ (2001) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121(4):714
130. Faulhammer D, Eschgfaller B, Stark S, Burgstaller P, Englberger W, Erfurth J, Kleinjung F, Rupp J, Vulcu SD, Schroder W, Vonhoff S, Nawrath H, Gillen C, Klussmann S (2004) RNA 10(3):516
131. Fukuda K, Vishnuvardhan D, Sekiya S, Hwang J, Kakiuchi N, Taira K, Shimotohno K, Kumar PK, Nishikawa S (2000) Eur J Biochem 267:3685
132. Gal SW, Amontov S, Urvil PT, Vishnuvardhan D, Nishikawa F, Kumar PK, Nishikawa S (1998) Eur J Biochem 252:553
133. Green LS, Jellinek D, Jenison R, Ostman A, Heldin CH, Janjic N (1996) Biochemistry 35:14413
134. Helmling S, Maasch C, Eulberg D, Buchner K, Schroder W, Lange C, Vonhoff S, Wlotzka B, Tschop MH, Rosewicz S, Klussmann S (2004) PNAS 101(36):13174
135. Hesselberth JR, Miller D, Robertus J, Ellington AD (2000) J Biol Chem 275:4937
136. Hicke BJ, Marion C, Chang YF, Gould T, Lynott CK, Parma D, Schmidt PG, Warren S (2001) J Biol Chem 276:48644
137. Hirao I, Harada Y, Nojima T, Osawa Y, Masaki H, Yokoyama S (2004) Biochemistry 43:3214
138. Hirao I, Madin K, Endo Y, Yokoyama S, Ellington AD (2000) J Biol Chem 275:4943
139. Hwang B, Lee SW (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290(2):656
140. Ishizaki J, Nevins JR, Sullenger BA (1996) Nat Med 2(12):1386
141. Jellinek D, Green LS, Bell C, Lynott CK, Gill N, Vargeese C, Kirschenheuter G, McGee DP, Abesinghe P, Pieken WA, Shapiro R, Rifin DB, Moscatelli D, Janjic N (1995) Biochemistry 34(36):11363
142. Jenison RD, Jennings SD, Walker DW, Bargatze RF, Parma D (1998) Antisense Nucleic Add Drug Dev 8(4):265
143. Jeon SH, Kayhan B, Ben-Yedidia T, Arnon R (2004) J Biol Chem 279:48410
144. Jing N, Rando RF, Pommier Y, Hogan ME (1997) Biochemistry 36:12498
145. Joshi P, Prasad VR (2002) J Virol 76(13):6545
146. Kensch O, Connolly BA, Steinhoff HJ, McGregor A, Goody RS, Restle T (2000) Biol Chem 275:18271
147. Kim ES, Serur A, Huang JZ, Manley CA, McCrudden KW, Frischer JS, Soffer SZ, Ring L, New T, Zabski S, Rudge JS, Holash J, Yancopoulos GD, Kandel JJ, Yamashiro DJ (2002) PNAS 99(17):11399
148. Klug SJ, Huttenhofer A, Famulok M (1999) RNA 5:1180
149. Kohn DB, Bauer G, Rice CR, Rothschild JR, Carbonaro DA, Valdez P, Hao QL, Zhou C, Bahner I, Kearns K, Brody K, Fox S, Haden E, Wilson K, Salata C, Dolan C, Wetter C, Aguilar-Cordova E, Church J (1999) Blood 94(1):368
150. Kubik MF, Bell C, Fitzwater T, Watson SR, Tasset DM (1997) J Immunol 159(1):259
151. Kumar PK, Machida K, Urvil PT, Kakiuchi N, Vishnuvardhan D, Shimotohno K, Taira K, Nishikawa S (1997) Virology 237(2):270
152. Lee SW, Sullenger BA (1996) J Exp Med 184(2):315
153. Lupold SE, Hicke BJ, Lin Y, Coffey DS (2002) Cancer Res 62:4029
154. O'Connell D, Koenig A, Jennings S, Hicke B, Han HL, Fitzwater T, Chang YF, Varki N, Parma D, Varki A (1996) PNAS 93(12):5883
155. Pileur F, Andreola ML, Dausse E, Michel J, Moreau S, Yamada H, Gaidamakov SA, Crouch RJ, Toulme JJ, Cazenave C (2003) Nucleic Adds Res 31:5776
156. Rhodes A, Deakin A, Spaull J, Coomber B, Aitken A, Life P, Rees S (2000) J Biol Chem 275:28555
157. Rusconi CP, Yeh A, Lyerly HK, Lawson JH, Sullenger BA (2000) Thromb Haemost 84(5):841
158. Rusconi CP, Scardino E, Layzer J, Pitoc GA, Ortel TL, Monroe D, Sullenger BA (2002) Nature 419(6902):90
159. Santulli-Marotto S, Nair SK, Rusconi C, Sullenger B, Gilboa E (2003) Cancer Res 63(21):7483
160. Sayer N, Ibrahim J, Turner K, Tahiri-Alaoui A, James W (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293:924
161. Srisawat C, Engelke DR (2001) RNA 7:632
162. Sullenger BA, Gallardo HF, Ungers GE, Gilboa E (1990) Cell 63(3):601
163. Takeno H, Yamamoto S, Tanaka T, Sakano Y, Kikuchi Y (1999) J Biochem (Tokyo) 125:1115
164. Tasset DM, Kubik MF, Steiner W (1997) J Mol Biol 272:688
165. Thomas M, Chedin S, Caries C, Riva M, Famulok M, Sentenac A (1997) J Biol Chem 272:27980
166. Ueno T, Sawa Y, Kitagawa-Sakakida S, Nishimura M, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Kohmura E, Yoshimine T, Matsuda H (2001) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 122(4):720
167. Vater A, Jarosch F, Buchner K, Klussmann S (2003) Nucleic Acids Res 31(21):e130
168. Proske D, Gilch S, Wopfner F, Schätzl HM, Winnacker EL, Famulok M (2002) Chembiochem 3(8):717
169. Weiss S, Proske D, Neumann M, Groschup MH, Kretzschmar HA, Famulok M, Winnacker EL (1997) J Virol 71:8790
170. White R, Rusconi C, Scardino E, Wolberg A, Lawson J, Hoffman M, Sullenger B (2001) Mol Ther 4(6):567
171. White RR, Shan S, Rusconi CP, Shetty G, Dewhirst MW, Kontos CD, Sullenger BA (2003) PNAS 100(9):5028
172. Wiegand TW, Williams PB, Dreskin SC, Jouvin MH, Kinet JP, Tasset D (1996) J Immunol 157:221
173. Wlotzka B, Leva S, Eschgfaller B, Burmeister J, Kleinjung F, Kaduk C, Muhn P, HessStump H, Klussmann S (2002) PNAS 99(13):8898
174. Yamamoto R, Baba T, Kumar PK (2000) Genes Cells 5:389
175. Mukhopadhyay R (2005) Anal Chem 77:115A
176. McCauley TG, Hamaguchi N, Stanton M (2003) Anal Biochem 319(2):244
177. Bock C, Coleman M, Collins B, Davis J, Foulds G, Gold L, Greef C, Heil J, Heilig JS, Hicke B, Hurst MN, Husar GM, Miller D, Ostroff R, Petach H, Schneider D, VantHull B, Waugh S, Weiss A, Wilcox SK, Zichi D (2004) Proteomics 4(3):609
178. Jhaveri SD, Kirby R, Conrad R, Maglott E, Bowser M, Kennedy RT, Glick G, Ellington AD (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:2469
179. Nutiu R, Li YF (2004) Chem Eur J 10(8):1868
180. Hamaguchi N, Ellington A, Stanton M (2001) Anal Biochem 294(2):126
181. Gokulrangan G, Unruh JR, Holub DF, Ingram B, Johnson CK, Wilson GS (2005) Anal Chem 77(7):1963
182. Fredriksson S, Gullberg M, Jarvius J, Olsson C, Pietras K, Gustafsdottir SM, Ostman A, Landegren U (2002) Nat Biotechnol 20(5):473
183. Di Giusto DA, Wlassoff WA, Gooding JJ, Messerle BA, King GC (2005) Nucleic Acids Res 33(6):e64
184. Lee M, Walt DR (2000) Anal Biochem 282:142
185. Kleinjung F, Klussmann S, Erdmann VA, Scheller FW, Fuerste JP, Bier FF (1998) Anal Chem 70:328
186. Potyrailo RA, Conrad RC, Ellington AD, Hieftje GM (1998) Anal Chem 70:3419
187. Kirby R, Cho EJ, Gehrke B, Bayer T, Park YS, Neikirk DP, McDevitt JT, Ellington AD (2004) Anal Chem 76:4066
188. Savran CA, Knudsen SM, Ellington AD, Manalis SR (2004) Anal Chem 76(11):3194
189. Liss M, Petersen B, Wolf H, Prohaska E (2002) Anal Chem 74:4488
190. Fukusho S, Furusawa H, Okahata Y (2002) Chem Commun 1:88
191. Minunni M, Tombelli S, Gullotto A, Luzi E, Mascini M (2004) Biosens Bioelectron 20:1149
192. Gronewold TMA, Glass S, Quandt E, Famulok M (2005) Biosens Bioelectron 20:2044
193. Hansen JA, Wang J, Kawde AN, Xiang Y, Gothelf KV, Collins G (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128(7):2228
194. Ikebukuro K, Kiyohara C, Sode K (2005) Biosens Bioelectron 20(10):2168
195. Ikebukuro K, Kiyohara C, Sode K (2004) Anal Lett 37(14):2901
196. Radi AE, Sanchez JLA, Baldrich E, O'Sullivan CK (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128(1):117
197. Xiao Y, Piorek BD, Plaxco KW, Heeger AJ (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127(51):17990
198. Lai RY, Plaxco KW, Heeger AJ (2007) Anal Chem 79(1):229
199. Xiao Y, Lubin AA, Heeger AJ, Plaxco KW (2005) Angew Chem Int Ed 44(34):5456
200. Nebling E, Grunwald T, Albers J, Schäfer P, Hintsche R (2004) Anal Chem 76:689
201. Frey A, Hofmann F, Peters R, Holzapfl B, Schienle M, Paulus C, Schindler-Bauer P, Kuhlmeier D, Krause J, Eckstein G, Thewes R (2002) Microelectron Reliabil 42:1801
202. Bier FF, Kleinjung F, Ehrentreich-Förster E, Scheller FW (1999) Biotechniques 27:752
203. Niemeyer CM, Sano T, Smith CL, Cantor CR (1994) Nucleic Acids Res 22:5530
204. Ghindilis AL, Smith MW, Schwarzkopf KR, Roth KM, Peyvan K, Munro SB, Lodes MJ, Stöver AG, Bernards K, Dill K, McShea A (2006) CombiMatrix Oligonucleotide Arrays: Genotyping and Gene Expression Assays Employing Electrochemical Detection, presented at The Ninth World Congress on Biosensors, May 10-12, Toronto