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Impact of Low-K Dielectrics and Barrier Metals on TDDB Lifetime of Cu Interconnects
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34250726640
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Effective time at field to during ramped-voltage breakdown measurement has been shown by Berman to be [12, For constant ramp rate, t0, ∫0EBD1R er(Rt-EBD)dt, 1-e -γEBD/γR ≈ 1/γR For staircase ramp rate, t 0△τ ∑n=0EBD/△Ee γ(n△E-E0, △τ/1-e-γ△E where, R is a constant ramp rate E=R*t, AT and AE are the incremental time and electric field during breakdown measurement, respectively, γ is field acceleration parameter and EBD is a breakdown strength
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BD is a breakdown strength.
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