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Grayscale images of 1 mm-wide stripes, of 5 different linear gray levels in a stair-step pattern, were drawn using Freehand 8. They were printed on a 92-96 brightness office paper at the highest resolution (ProRes 212 lpi) of an HP LaserJet 4200n printer. Photos were taken of the printout with an SLR camera, using a 70 mm lens, on a 35 mm KodakT-Max 100 B/W film using side illumination from two 50 W halogen lamps. The 8.5 × 11″ letter images were fully fit into the frame of the 22 × 29 mm negative image resulting in a 9.6× reduction in size. The film was developed at a local photographic store (Triangle Camera) and the negatives were used as photolithographic masks directly in contact with the gels.
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Note that the heights of the features decrease slightly with t for irradiation times longer than ∼1 min. This can be attributed to the diffusion of generated Cr(III) ions from the irradiated into the masked regions, where they crosslink the background gel and cause it to swell.
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Note that the heights of the features decrease slightly with t for irradiation times longer than ∼1 min. This can be attributed to the diffusion of generated Cr(III) ions from the irradiated into the masked regions, where they crosslink the "background" gel and cause it to swell.
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3+ ions to gelatin gives rise to electrostatic repulsions and causes extension of the polymer's chains. For more information on these effects, please see refs 32 and 33.
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The pattern was replicated into h-PDMS as follows: a mixture of 3.4 g of VDT-731, 25μL of Pt-divinyltetramethylsiloxane catalyst (Gelest, SIP 6831.1), and 1 drop of modulator (2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetravinyl-cyclotetrasiloxane, Aldrich; 87927) added using a 19 gauge needle was degassed under vacuum for 1 min, and then 1g of trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrosiloxanedimethylsiloxane copolymers (Gelest, HMS-301) was added. The mixture was immediately poured on the patterned surface, spincoated (40s, 1000 rpm, then 15 min 500 rpm) and covered with a 3-4 mm layer of PDMS. The polymer was dried in the dark for 48 h at room temperature and gently peeled off.
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The pattern was replicated into h-PDMS as follows: a mixture of 3.4 g of VDT-731, 25μL of Pt-divinyltetramethylsiloxane catalyst (Gelest, SIP 6831.1), and 1 drop of modulator (2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetravinyl-cyclotetrasiloxane, Aldrich; 87927) added using a 19 gauge needle was degassed under vacuum for 1 min, and then 1g of trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrosiloxanedimethylsiloxane copolymers (Gelest, HMS-301) was added. The mixture was immediately poured on the patterned surface, spincoated (40s, 1000 rpm, then 15 min 500 rpm) and covered with a 3-4 mm layer of PDMS. The polymer was dried in the dark for 48 h at room temperature and gently peeled off.
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