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0011297734
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note
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4 molecules per square micrometer) from solution, we conclude that nonspecific adsorption from solutions containing 10 nM or less IgG can potentially deplete the IgG in solution to levels that would influence the extent of binding of IgG to the surface of SAMs used in our experiments. For this reason, we used Triton X-100 to minimize the nonspecific adsorption of IgG to the surface of the vial as well as to the SAMs.
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40
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0011347595
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note
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Maximum extinction of the light transmitted through a cell containing uniformly oriented liquid crystal occurs when One of the crossed polars is oriented parallel to the orientation of the liquid crystal.
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41
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0011298023
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note
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We chose the average brightness as a measure of uniformity in the optical textures because it is simple to calculate. Other measures of the appearance of the liquid crystal will likely serve as useful indices of the amount of bound IgG.
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42
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0011295749
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note
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Interference colors result from the transmission of particular wavelengths of light when using a white light source of illumination. The extent of transmission of a particular wavelength of light depends on the retardation, Δnd, where Δn is the birefringence and d is the thickness of the birefringent film. Light propagating through the liquid crystal will be extinguished under conditions where Δnd =jξ,j = O, 1, 2,..., where ξ is the wavelength of light. Interference colors are divided into orders according to the magnitude of the retardation: 0-550 nm (first order), 550-1100 nm (second order), and 1100-1650 nm (third order).
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0032482854
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