Single-walled carbon nanotubes: Applications in high frequency electronics

International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 977-999

  Burke, P J ^a   Rutherglen, C ^a   Yu, Z ^a  

^a University of California at Irvine   (United States)

Author keywords

Amplifier; Antenna; Interconnect; Nanotube

Indexed keywords

DC RESISTANCE; HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS;

ANTENNAS; DETECTORS; ELECTRIC RESISTANCE; MICROWAVE AMPLIFIERS;

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCN);

EID: 34249328800     PISSN: 01291564     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0129156406004119     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. Avouris, Carbon nanotubes : synthesis, structure, properties, and applications. Berlin ; New York: Springer, 2001.
2. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. C. Eklund, Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.
3. P. J. F. Harris, Carbon nanotubes and related structures : new materials for the twenty-first century. Cambridge, UK ;: New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999.
4. M. Meyyappan, Carbon nanotubes : science and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005.
5. S. Reich, C. Thomsen, and J. Maultzsch, Carbon nanotubes : basic concepts and physical properties. Weinheim ; Cambridge: Wiley-VCH, 2004.
6. K. Tanaka, T. Yamabe, and K. i. Fukui, The science and technology of carbon nanotubes, 1st ed. Amsterdam ; New York ; Elsevier, 1999.
7. R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes. London: Imperial College Press, 1998.
8. S. Datta, Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
9. D. K. Ferry and S. M. Goodnick, Transport in nanostructures. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
10. H. Grabert, M. H. Devoret, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., Single charge tunneling : Coulomb blockade phenomena in nanostructures. New York: Plenum Press, 1992.
11. P. J. Burke, "AC Performance of Nanoelectronics: Towards a THz Nanotube Transistor," Solid State Electronics, vol. 40, pp. 1981-1986, 2004.
12. P. L. McEuen, M. S. Fuhrer, and H. K. Park, "Single-walled carbon nanotube electronics," Ieee Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 1, pp. 78-85, 2002.
13. J. Kong, H. T. Soh, A. M. Cassell, C. F. Quate, and H. J. Dai, "Synthesis of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on patterned silicon wafers," Nature, vol. 395, pp. 878-881, 1998.
14. S. Li, Z. Yu, C. Rutherglen, and P. J. Burke, "Electrical properties of 0.4 cm long single walled carbon nanotubes," Nano Letters, vol. 4, pp. 2003-2007, 2004.
15. P. J. Burke, Z. Yu, S. Li, and C. Rutherglen, "Nanotubes for RF and Microwaves," Proceedings of European Microwave Week 2005 (Paris), pp. 1-5, 2005.
16. S. J. Tans, M. H. Devoret, H. J. Dai, A. Thess, R. E. Smalley, L. J. Geerligs, and C. Dekker, "Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires," Nature, vol. 386, pp. 474-477, 1997.
17. S. J. Tans, M. H. Devoret, R. J. A. Groeneveld, and C. Dekker, "Electron-electron correlations in carbon nanotubes," Nature, vol. 394, pp. 761-764, 1998.
18. S. J. Tans, A. R. M. Verschueren, and C. Dekker, "Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube," Nature, vol. 393, pp. 49-52, 1998.
19. R. Martel, T. Schmidt, H. R. Shea, T. Hertel, and P. Avouris, "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 73, pp. 2447-2449, 1998.
20. Z. Yao, H. W. C. Postma, L. Balents, and C. Dekker, "Carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions," Nature, vol. 402, pp. 273-276, 1999.
21. A. Bachtold, M. S. Fuhrer, S. Plyasunov, M. Forero, E. H. Anderson, A. Zettl, and P. L. McEuen, "Scanned probe microscopy of electronic transport in carbon nanotubes," Physical Review Letters, vol. 84, pp. 6082-6085, 2000.
22. J. W. Park and P. L. McEuen, "Formation of a p-type quantum dot at the end of an n-type carbon nanotube," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 79, pp. 1363-1365, 2001.
23. A. Javey, Q. Wang, A. Ural, Y. M. Li, and H. J. Dai, "Carbon nanotube transistor arrays for multistage complementary logic and ring oscillators," Nano Letters, vol. 2, pp. 929-932, 2002.
24. M. S. Fuhrer, B. M. Kim, T. Durkop, and T. Brintlinger, "High-mobility nanotube transistor memory," Nano Letters, vol. 2, pp. 755-759, 2002.
25. J. Kong, C. Zhou, A. Morpurgo, H. T. Soh, C. F. Quate, C. Marcus, and H. Dai, "Synthesis, integration, and electrical properties of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics a-Materials Science and Processing, vol. 69, pp. 305-308, 1999.
26. W. Kim, H. C. Choi, M. Shim, Y. M. Li, D. W. Wang, and H. J. Dai, "Synthesis of ultralong and high percentage of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes," Nano Letters, vol. 2, pp. 703-708, 2002.
27. J. Hone, P. Kim, X. M. H. Huang, B. Chandra, R. Caldwell, J. Small, B. H. Hong, T. Someya, L. Huang, S. O'Brien, and C. P. Nuckolls, "Growth of nanotubes and chemical sensor applications," Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5593, pp. 1-12, 2004.
28. S. M. Huang, B. Maynor, X. Y. Cai, and J. Liu, "Ultralong, well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube architectures on surfaces," Advanced Materials, vol. 15, pp. 1651-1655, 2003.
29. S. M. Huang, X. Y. Cai, C. S. Du, and J. Liu, "Oriented long single walled carbon nanotubes on substrates from floating catalysts," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, pp. 13251-13254, 2003.
30. S. M. Huang, X. Y. Cai, and J. Liu, "Growth of millimeter-long and horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on flat substrates," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 125, pp. 5636-5637, 2003.
31. S. M. Huang, M. Woodson, R. Smalley, and J. Liu, "Growth mechanism of oriented long single walled carbon nanotubes using "fast-heating" chemical vapor deposition process," Nano Letters, vol. 4, pp. 1025-1028, 2004.
32. L. X. Zheng, M. J. O'Connell, S. K. Doom, X. Z. Liao, Y. H. Zhao, E. A. Akhadov, M. A. Hoffbauer, B. J. Roop, Q. X. Jia, R. C. Dye, D. E. Peterson, S. M. Huang, J. Liu, and Y. T. Zhu, "Ultralong single-wall carbon nanotubes," Nature Materials, vol. 3, pp. 673-676, 2004.
33. S. M. Huang, Q. Fu, L. An, and J. Liu, "Growth of aligned SWNT arrays from water-soluble molecular clusters for nanotube device fabrication," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 6, pp. 1077-1079, 2004.
34. S. K. Doorn, L. X. Zheng, M. J. O'Connell, Y. T. Zhu, S. M. Huang, and J. Liu, "Raman spectroscopy and imaging of ultralong carbon nanotubes," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol 109, pp. 3751-3758, 2005.
35. T. Durkop, S. A. Getty, E. Cobas, and M. S. Fuhrer, "Extraordinary mobility in semiconducting carbon nanotubes," Nano Letters, vol. 4, pp. 35-39, 2004.
36. Z. Yu, S. Li, and P. J. Burke, "Synthesis of Aligned Arrays of Millimeter Long, Straight Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 16, pp. 3414-3416, 2004.
37. B. H. Hong, J. Y. Lee, T. Beetz, Y. M. Zhu, P. Kim, and K. S. Kim, "Quasi-continuous growth of ultralong carbon nanotube arrays," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, pp. 15336-15337, 2005.
38. A. Javey, J. Guo, Q. Wang, M. Lundstrom, and H. J. Dai, "Ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," Nature, vol. 424, pp. 654-657, 2003.
39. A. Javey, J. Guo, M. Paulsson, Q. Wang, D. Mann, M. Lundstrom, and H. J. Dai, "High-field quasiballistic transport in short carbon nanotubes," Physical Review Letters, vol. 92, pp. 106804, 2004.
40. A. Javey, P. F. Qi, Q. Wang, and H. J. Dai, "Ten- to 50-nm-long quasi-ballistic carbon nanotube devices obtained without complex lithography," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, pp. 13408-13410, 2004.
41. J. Y. Park, S. Rosenblatt, Y. Yaish, V. Sazonova, H. Ustunel, S. Braig, T. A. Arias, P. W. Brouwer, and P. L. McEuen, "Electron-phonon scattering in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes," Nano Letters, vol. 4, pp. 517-520, 2004.
42. Y.-F. Chen and M. S. Fuhrer, "Electric Field-Dependent Charge-Carrier Velocity in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes," Physical Review Letters, vol. 95, pp. 236803, 2005.
43. S. Li, Z. Yu, S. F. Yen, W. C. Tang, and P. J. Burke, "Carbon nanotube transistor operation at 2.6 GHz," Nano Letters, vol. 4, pp. 753-756, 2004.
44. J. O. J. Wesstrom, "Signal propagation in electron waveguides: Transmission-line analogies," Physical Review B, vol. 54, pp. 11484-11491, 1996.
45. V. V. Ponomarenko, "Frequency dependences in transport through a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid wire," Physical Review B, vol. 54, pp. 10328-10331, 1996.
46. V. A. Sablikov and B. S. Shchamkhalova, "Dynamic conductivity of interacting electrons in open mesoscopic structures," Jetp Letters, vol. 66, pp. 41-46, 1997.
47. Y. M. Blanter, F. W. J. Hekking, and M. Buttiker, "Interaction constants and dynamic conductance of a gated wire," Physical Review Letters, vol. 81, pp. 1925-1928, 1998.
48. G. Cuniberti, M. Sassetti, and B. Kramer, "AC-conductance of one-dimensional, long-range correlated electrons," Physica B, vol. 227, pp. 256-258, 1996.
49. G. Cuniberti, M. Sassetti, and B. Kramer, "Transport and elementary excitations of a Luttinger liquid," Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, vol. 8, pp. L21-L26, 1996.
50. G Cuniberti, M. Sassetti, and B. Kramer, "ac conductance of a quantum wire with electron-electron interactions," Physical Review B, vol. 57, pp. 1515-1526, 1998.
51. V. A. Sablikov and B. S. Shchamkhalova, "Dynamic transport of interacting electrons in a mesoscopic quantum wire," Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 118, pp. 485-494, 2000.
52. P. J. Burke, "Luttinger liquid theory as a model of the gigahertz electrical properties of carbon nanotubes," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 1, pp. 129-144, 2002.
53. P. J. Burke, "Luttinger liquid theory as a model of the gigahertz electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (Erratum)," Ieee Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 3, pp. 331, 2004.
54. P. J. Burke, "An RF Circuit Model for Carbon Nanotubes," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 2, pp. 55-58, 2003.
55. P. J. Burke, "An RF circuit model for carbon nanotubes (Erratum)," Ieee Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 3, pp. 331-331, 2004.
56. S. Salahuddin, M. Lundstrom, and S. Datta, "Transport Effects on Signal Propagation in Quantum Wires," Ieee Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 52, pp. 1734-1742, 2005.
57. Z. Yao, C. L. Kane, and C. Dekker, "High-field electrical transport in single-wall carbon nanotubes," Physical Review Letters, vol. 84, pp. 2941-2944, 2000.
58. Z. Yu and P. J. Burke, "Microwave Transport in Metallic Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes," Nano Letters, vol. 5, pp. 1403-1406, 2005.
59. W. Liu, Fundamentals of III-V devices : HBTs, MESFETs, and HFETs/HEMTs. New York: Wiley, 1999.
60. S. J. Wind, J. Appenzeller, R. Martel, V. Derycke, and P. Avouris, "Vertical scaling of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors using top gate electrodes," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 80, pp. 3817-3819, 2002.
61. A. Javey, H. Kim, M. Brink, Q. Wang, A. Ural, J. Guo, P. McIntyre, P. McEuen, M. Lundstrom, and H. J. Dai, "High-kappa dielectrics for advanced carbon-nanotube transistors and logic gates," Nature Materials, vol. 1, pp. 241-246, 2002.
62. K. Alam and R. Lake, "Performance of 2 nm gate length carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with source/drain underlaps," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 87, pp. 073104, 2005.
63. Z. Yu, C. Rutherglen, and P. Burke, "Microwave Nanotube Transistor Operation at High Bias," cond-mat/0509117, 2005.
64. D. V. Singh, K. A. Jenkins, J. Appenzeller, D. Neumayer, A. Grill, and H. S. P. Wong, "Frequency kesponse of top-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," Ieee Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 3, pp. 383-387, 2004.
65. Z. Yu and P. Burke, "Aligned Array FETs as a Route Towards THz Nanotube Transistors," Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., vol. 5790, pp. 246, 2005.
66. X. Huo, M. Zhang, P. C. H. Chan, Q. Liang, and Z. K. Tang, "High frequency S parameters characterization of back-gate carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," Electron Devices Meeting, 2004. IEDM Technical Digest. IEEE International, pp. 691-694, 2004.
67. D. J. Frank and J. Appenzeller, "High-frequency response in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 25, pp. 34-36, 2004.
68. J. Appenzeller and D. J. Frank, "Frequency dependent characterization of transport properties in carbon nanotube transistors," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 84, pp. 1771-1773, 2004.
69. S. Rosenblatt, H. Lin, V. Sazonova, S. Tiwari, and P. McEuen, "Mixing at 50 GHz using a single-walled carbon nanotube transistor," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 87, pp. 15311, 2005.
70. P. Burke, Z. Yu, and S. Li, "Quantitative Theory of Nanowire and Nanotube Antenna Performance," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology (in press), 2005.
71. G. W. Hanson, "Fundamental transmitting properties of carbon nanotube antennas," Ieee Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, pp. 3426-3435, 2005.
72. P. J. Burke, C. Rutherglen, and Z. Yu, "Carbon Nanotube Antennas," Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, pp. 937, 2005.
73. E. G. Hallâen, Theoretical investigations into the transmitting and receiving qualities of antennâae. Uppsala,: Almqvist and Wiksells boktryckeri-a.-b., 1938.
74. S. A. Schelkunoff, Electromagnetic waves. New York,: D. Van Nostrand Company, inc., 1943.
75. S. A. Schelkunoff, Advanced antenna theory. New York,: Wiley, 1952.
76. S. A. Schelkunoff, Antennas; theory and practice. New York,: Wiley, 1952.
77. S. A. Schelkunoff, Applied mathematics for engineers and scientists, 2d ed. Princeton, N.J.,: Van Nostrand, 1965.
78. Y. Wang, K. Kempa, B. Kimball, J. B. Carlson, G. Benham, W. Z. Li, T. Kempa, J. Rybczynski, A. Herczynski, and Z. F. Ren, "Receiving and transmitting light-like radio waves: Antenna effect in arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 85, pp. 2607-2609, 2004.
79. O. M. Yevtushenko, G. Y. Slepyan, S. A. Maksimenko, A. Lakhtakia, and D. A. Romanov, "Nonlinear electron transport effects in a chiral carbon nanotube," Physical Review Letters, vol. 79, pp. 1102-1105, 1997.
80. G. Y. Slepyan, S. A. Maksimenko, A. Lakhtakia, O. M. Yevtushenko, and A. V. Gusakov, "Electronic and electromagnetic properties of nanotubes," Physical Review B, vol. 57, pp. 9485-9497, 1998.
81. A. Lakhtakia, G. Y. Slepyan, S. A. Maksimenko, A. V. Gusakov, and O. M. Yevtushenko, "Effective medium theory of the microwave and the infrared properties of composites with carbon nanotube inclusions," Carbon, vol. 36, pp. 1833-1839, 1998.
82. G. Y. Slepyan, S. A. Maksimenko, A. Lakhtakia, O. Yevtushenko, and A. V. Gusakov, "Electrodynamics of carbon nanotubes: Dynamic conductivity, impedance boundary conditions, and surface wave propagation," Physical Review B, vol. 60, pp. 17136-17149, 1999.
83. G. Y. Slepyan, S. A. Maksimenko, A. Lakhtakia, and O. M. Yevtushenko, "Electromagnetic response of carbon nanotubes and nanotube ropes," Synthetic Metals,vol. 124, pp. 121-123, 2001.
84. G. Y. Slepyan, N. A. Krapivin, S. A. Maksimenko, A. Lakhtakia, and O. M. Yevtushenko, "Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a semi-infinite carbon nanotube," Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 55, pp. 273-280, 2001.