Revealing the powdering methods of black makeup in Ancient Egypt by fitting microstructure based Fourier coefficients to the whole x-ray diffraction profiles of galena

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 91, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 2455-2465

  Ungar T ^a   Martinetto, P ^b   Ribarik G ^a   Dooryhee E ^c   Walter, Ph ^b   Anne, M ^c  

^a EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

^b CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DE RESTAURATION DES MUSÉES DE FRANCE   (France)

^c LABORATOIRE DE CRISTALLOGRAPHIE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANCIENT EGYPT; DIFFRACTION PEAKS; DIFFRACTION PROFILES; DISLOCATION DENSITIES; DISLOCATION MODELS; EGYPTIANS; FOURIER COEFFICIENTS; GRENOBLE; HIGH RESOLUTION; MEAN SQUARE STRAIN; PEAK-TO-BACKGROUND RATIOS; PHYSICALLY BASED; POWDER DIFFRACTOGRAMS; SIZE FUNCTIONS; STRAIN ANISOTROPIES; SYNCHROTRON SOURCE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TEM; X RAY DATA;

FOURIER ANALYSIS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; WAVEFORM ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

MICROSTRUCTURE;

EID: 33845430984     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1429792     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. R. J. Forbes, in Studies in Ancient Technology, edited by E. J. Brill (Leiden, 1955) Vol. III, pp. 1-49.
2. A. Lucas and J. R. Harris, in Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, (Edward Arnold, London, 1962) p. 523.
3. F. Jonckheere, Historie de la Médecine, 7, 2 (1952).
4. L. Troy, Bull. d'Egyptologie, 106/1, 351 (1993).
5. Z. El-Kordy, in Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte, (1982), Vol. LXVIII, p. 195.
6. J. Vandier d'Abbadie, in Catalogue des Objets de Toilette Égyptiens du Musée du Louvre (Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, 1972), p. 191.
7. Ph. Walter, P. Martinetto, G. Tsoucaris, R. Bréniaux, M.-A. Lefebvre, G. Richard, J. Talabot, E. Dooryhée, Nature (London) 397, 483 (1999).
8. H. Zehnacker, in Pline l'Ancien, Histoire Naturelle, (Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 1983) Vol. XXXIII, p. 252.
9. M. Wellman, in Dioscoridis Pedanii, De Materia Medica, Libri Quinque (Weidmannsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vienna, 1958).
10. T. Bardinet, in Les papyrus médicaux de l'Egypte pharaonique (Fayard, Paris, 1995), p. 591.
11. A. Guinier, in X-ray Diffraction (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
12. J. I. Langford, D. Louër, and P. Scardi, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 964 (2000).
13. T. Ungár, J. Gubicza, G. Ribárik, and T. W. Zerda, in Proceedings of the MRS Symposium: Filled and Nanocomposite Polymer Materials, edited by R. P. Hjelm, A. I. Nakatani, M. Gerspacher, and R. Krishnamoorti (MRS, Boston, 2000) pp. KK9.2.1-6.
14. M. Wilkens, in Fundamental Aspects of Dislocation Theory, edited by J. A. Simmons, R. de Wit, R. Bullough (Natl. Bur. Stand. U.S. Spec. Publ. No. 317, Washington, D.C. 1970) Vol. II, p. 1195.
15. T. Ungár, J. Gubicza, G. Ribárik, and A. Borbély, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34, 298 (2001).
16. G. Ribárik, T. Ungár, and J. Gubicza, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 34, 669 (2001).
17. G. K. Williamson and W. H. Hall, Acta Metall. 1, 22 (1953).
18. B. E. Warren and B. L. Averbach, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 595 (1950);
19. 23, 497 (1952).
20. B. E. Warren, Prog. Met. Phys. 8, 147 (1959).
21. T. Ungár and A. Borbély, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3173 (1996).
22. T. Ungár and G. Tichy, Phys. Status Solidi A 171, 425 (1999).
23. M. A. Krivoglaz, in Theory of X-ray and Thermal Neutron Scattering by real Crystals (Plenum, New York, 1969);
24. and in X-ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals (Springer, Berlin, 1996).
25. T. Ungár, S. Ott, P. G. Sanders, A. Borbély, and J. R. Weertman, Acta Mater. 10, 3693 (1998).
26. T. Ungár, M. Victoria, P. Marmy, P. Hanák, and G. Szenes, J. Nucl. Mater. 276, 278 (2000).
27. R. W. Cheary, E. Dooryhée, P. Lynch, N. Armstrong, and S. Dligatch, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 1271 (2000).
28. T. Ungár, A. Borbély, G. R. Goren-Muginstein, S. Berger, and A. R. Rosen, Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 103 (1999).
29. T. Ungár, M. Leoni, and P. Scardi, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 290 (1999).
30. T. Ungár, I. C. Dragomir, D. Louër, and N. Audebrand, J. Phys. Chem. Solids (in press).
31. G. Ziegler, J. Heinrich, and G. Wötting, J. Mater. Sci. 22, 3041 (1987).
32. C. E. Krill and R. Birringer, Philos. Mag. A 77, 621 (1998).
33. W. C. Hinds, in Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior and Measurement of Airbone Particles (Wiley, New York, 1982).
34. P. Scardi and M. Leoni, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 671 (1999).
35. H. Trinkaus, Phys. Status Solidi B 51, 307 (1972).
36. I. Gaál, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 8, 127 (1975).
37. I. Groma, T. Ungár, and M. Wilkens, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 21, 47 (1988).
38. L. E. Levine and R. Thomson, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr. 53, 590 (1997).
39. I. Groma, Phys. Rev. B 57, 7535 (1998).
40. J. D. Kamminga and R. Delhez, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 1122 (2000).
41. P. Suortti, in IUCr Monographs on Crystallography, edited by R. A. Young (Oxford University Press, New York, 1993) Vol. 5, pp. 167-185.
42. M. Latroche, J. Rodriguez-Carvajal, A. Percheron-Guéan, and J. Boureé -Vigneron, Alloys & Compounds 218, 64 (1995).
43. J. E. Fischer, G. Bendele, R. Dinnebier, P. W. Stephens, C. L. Lin, N. Bykovetz, and Q. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 56, 1445 (1995).
44. F. W. Gayle and F. S. Biancaniello, Nanostruct. Mater. 6, 429 (1995).
45. P. W. Stephens, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 281 (1999).
46. N. C. Popa, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33, 103 (2000).
47. T. Ungár, I. Dragomir, Á. Révész, and A. Borbély, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 992 (1999).
48. S. Kim and H. Ledbetter, J. Appl. Phys. (submitted).
49. C. I. Dragomir and T. Ungár, J. Phys. Chem. Solids. (submitted).
50. P. Martinetto, M. Anne, E. Dooryhée, and P. Walter, J. Phys. IV 10, 465 (2000).
51. A. N. Fitch, Mater. Sci. Forum 228-231, 219 (1996).
52. G. Courbion and G. Férey, J. Solid State Chem. 76, 426 (1988).
53. O. Masson, E. Dooryhée, R. W. Cheary, and A. N. Fitch, Mater. Sci. Forum (Proceedings EPDIC Barcelona, 2000) (in press).
54. A. R. Stokes, Proc. Phys. Soc. London 61, 382 (1948).
55. P. Martinetto, J. Castaing, P. Penhoud, P. Veyssière, and P. Walter, J. Mater. Res. (submitted for publication).
56. Y. Adda, J. M. Dupouy, and J. Philibert, and Y. Quéré, in Eléments de métallugie physique, Déformation plastique 5 (CEA-INSTN, Saclay, France, 1991).
57. P. Martinetto, Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2000.
58. B. Ponsot, J. Salomon, and P. Walter, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 136-138, 1074 (1988).
59. A. Dairi, Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Nancy, 1991.