Cytobiological consequences of calcium-signaling alterations induced by human viral proteins

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research

Volumn 1763, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 1344-1362

  Chami, Mounia ^a   Oulès, Bénédicte ^a   Paterlini Bréchot, Patrizia ^a  

^a INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

Calcium measurement; Calcium signaling; Human virus; Signal transduction; Viral infection; Viral protein

Indexed keywords

CORE PROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; NEF PROTEIN; PROTEIN K1; PROTEIN K15; PROTEIN K7; PROTEIN LMP2A; PROTEIN P12; PROTEIN P13; ROTAVIRUS NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 4; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRULENCE FACTOR; VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CELL FUNCTION; CELL IMMORTALIZATION; CELL VIABILITY; CYTOLOGY; ENTEROVIRUS; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; ROTAVIRUS; VIRUS INFECTIVITY; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS SURVIVAL;

CALCIUM SIGNALING; DNA VIRUSES; HUMANS; RNA VIRUSES; VIRAL PROTEINS;

ENTEROVIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1; ROTAVIRUS; SIMPLEXVIRUS;

EID: 33751292350     PISSN: 01674889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.025     Document Type: Review

References (210)

1. Berridge M.J., Bootman M.D., and Lipp P. Calcium-A life and death signal. Nature 395 (1998) 645-648
2. Petty H.R. Spatiotemporal chemical dynamics in living cells: from information trafficking to cell physiology. Biosystems 83 (2006) 217-224
3. Berridge M.J., Lipp P., and Bootman M.D. The versatility and universality of calcium signalling. Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 1 (2000) 11-21
4. Berridge M.J., Bootman M.D., and Roderick H.L. Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (2003) 517-529
5. Carafoli E., Santella L., Branca D., and Brini M. Generation, control, and processing of cellular calcium signals. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 36 (2001) 107-260
6. 2+ response amplitude and duration. Nature 386 (1997) 855-858
7. 2+: molecular determinants and functional consequences. Physiol. Rev. 86 (2006) 369-408
8. Miyawaki A. Visualization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of intracellular signaling. Dev. Cell 4 (2003) 295-305
9. Chiesa A., Rapizzi E., Tosello V., Pinton P., de Virgilio M., Fogarty K.E., and Rizzuto R. Recombinant aequorin and green fluorescent protein as valuable tools in the study of cell signalling. Biochem. J. 355 (2001) 1-12
10. Piot P., Bartos M., Ghys P.D., Walker N., and Schwartlander B. The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature 410 (2001) 968-973
11. Frankel A.D., and Young J.A. HIV-1: fifteen proteins and an RNA. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67 (1998) 1-25
12. Sierra S., Kupfer B., and Kaiser R. Basics of the virology of HIV-1 and its replication. J. Clin. Virol. 34 (2005) 233-244
13. Nye K.E., and Pinching A.J. HIV infection of H9 lymphoblastoid cells chronically activates the inositol polyphosphate pathway. Aids 4 (1990) 41-45
14. Papp B., and Byrn R.A. Stimulation of HIV expression by intracellular calcium pump inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 10278-10283
15. Hanna Z., Kay D.G., Rebai N., Guimond A., Jothy S., and Jolicoeur P. Nef harbors a major determinant of pathogenicity for an AIDS-like disease induced by HIV-1 in transgenic mice. Cell 95 (1998) 163-175
16. Manninen A., and Saksela K. HIV-1 Nef interacts with inositol trisphosphate receptor to activate calcium signaling in T cells. J. Exp. Med. 195 (2002) 1023-1032
17. 2+-dependent K+ channel involved in the control of the resting potential in CEM lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 5359-5366
18. Foti M., Cartier L., Piguet V., Lew D.P., Carpentier J.L., Trono D., and Krause K.H. The HIV Nef protein alters Ca(2+) signaling in myelomonocytic cells through SH3-mediated protein-protein interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 34765-34772
19. Berridge M.J., Lipp P., and Bootman M.D. Signal transduction. The calcium entry pas de deux. Science 287 (2000) 1604-1605
20. Manninen A., Renkema G.H., and Saksela K. Synergistic activation of NFAT by HIV-1 nef and the Ras/MAPK pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 16513-16517
21. Kinoshita S., Su L., Amano M., Timmerman L.A., Kaneshima H., and Nolan G.P. The T cell activation factor NF-ATc positively regulates HIV-1 replication and gene expression in T cells. Immunity 6 (1997) 235-244
22. Simmons A., Aluvihare V., and McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity 14 (2001) 763-777
23. Bandres J.C., and Ratner L. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein down-regulates transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 in human T cells in vitro after T-cell receptor stimulation. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 3243-3249
24. Page K.A., van Schooten W.C., and Feinberg M.B. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef does not alter T-cell sensitivity to antigen-specific stimulation. J. Virol. 71 (1997) 3776-3787
25. Wang J.K., Kiyokawa E., Verdin E., and Trono D. The Nef protein of HIV-1 associates with rafts and primes T cells for activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 394-399
26. Nabel G., and Baltimore D. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature 326 (1987) 711-713
27. Stevenson M., Stanwick T.L., Dempsey M.P., and Lamonica C.A. HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration. EMBO J. 9 (1990) 1551-1560
28. Muthumani K., Choo A.Y., Premkumar A., Hwang D.S., Thieu K.P., Desai B.M., and Weiner D.B. Human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) Vpr-regulated cell death: insights into mechanism. Cell Death Differ. 12 Suppl 1 (2005) 962-970
29. Jacotot E., Ferri K.F., El Hamel C., Brenner C., Druillennec S., Hoebeke J., Rustin P., Metivier D., Lenoir C., Geuskens M., Vieira H.L., Loeffler M., Belzacq A.S., Briand J.P., Zamzami N., Edelman L., Xie Z.H., Reed J.C., Roques B.P., and Kroemer G. Control of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by adenine nucleotide translocator interacting with HIV-1 viral protein rR and Bcl-2. J. Exp. Med. 193 (2001) 509-519
30. Jacotot E., Ravagnan L., Loeffler M., Ferri K.F., Vieira H.L., Zamzami N., Costantini P., Druillennec S., Hoebeke J., Briand J.P., Irinopoulou T., Daugas E., Susin S.A., Cointe D., Xie Z.H., Reed J.C., Roques B.P., and Kroemer G. The HIV-1 viral protein R induces apoptosis via a direct effect on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J. Exp. Med. 191 (2000) 33-46
31. Nair A.M., Michael B., Datta A., Fernandez S., and Lairmore M.D. Calcium-dependent enhancement of transcription of p300 by human T-lymphotropic type 1 p12(I). Virology (2006) 247-257
32. Felzien L.K., Woffendin C., Hottiger M.O., Subbramanian R.A., Cohen E.A., and Nabel G.J. HIV transcriptional activation by the accessory protein, VPR, is mediated by the p300 co-activator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 (1998) 5281-5286
33. Kino T., Gragerov A., Slobodskaya O., Tsopanomichalou M., Chrousos G.P., and Pavlakis G.N. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Vpr induces transcription of the HIV-1 and glucocorticoid-responsive promoters by binding directly to p300/CBP coactivators. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 9724-9734
34. Hottiger M.O., Felzien L.K., and Nabel G.J. Modulation of cytokine-induced HIV gene expression by competitive binding of transcription factors to the coactivator p300. EMBO J. 17 (1998) 3124-3134
35. Lahti A.L., Manninen A., and Saksela K. Regulation of T cell activation by HIV-1 accessory proteins: Vpr acts via distinct mechanisms to cooperate with Nef in NFAT-directed gene expression and to promote transactivation by CREB. Virology 310 (2003) 190-196
36. Mattson M.P., Haughey N.J., and Nath A. Cell death in HIV dementia. Cell Death Differ. 12 Suppl. 1 (2005) 893-904
37. Mayne M., Holden C.P., Nath A., and Geiger J.D. Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages. J. Immunol. 164 (2000) 6538-6542
38. Poggi A., Rubartelli A., and Zocchi M.R. Involvement of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in human dendritic cell function. Competition by HIV-1 Tat. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 7205-7209
39. Zocchi M.R., Rubartelli A., Morgavi P., and Poggi A. HIV-1 Tat inhibits human natural killer cell function by blocking L-type calcium channels. J. Immunol. 161 (1998) 2938-2943
40. Poggi A., Carosio R., Spaggiari G.M., Fortis C., Tambussi G., Dell'Antonio G., Dal Cin E., Rubartelli A., and Zocchi M.R. NK cell activation by dendritic cells is dependent on LFA-1-mediated induction of calcium-calmodulin kinase II: inhibition by HIV-1 Tat C-terminal domain. J. Immunol. 168 (2002) 95-101
41. Viscidi R.P., Mayur K., Lederman H.M., and Frankel A.D. Inhibition of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by Tat protein from HIV-1. Science 246 (1989) 1606-1608
42. Westendorp M.O., Li-Weber M., Frank R.W., and Krammer P.H. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat upregulates interleukin-2 secretion in activated T cells. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 4177-4185
43. Li C.J., Friedman D.J., Wang C., Metelev V., and Pardee A.B. Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein. Science 268 (1995) 429-431
44. Zauli G., Gibellini D., Celeghini C., Mischiati C., Bassini A., La Placa M., and Capitani S. Pleiotropic effects of immobilized versus soluble recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein on CD3-mediated activation, induction of apoptosis, and HIV-1 long terminal repeat transactivation in purified CD4+ T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 157 (1996) 2216-2224
45. Nath A., Psooy K., Martin C., Knudsen B., Magnuson D.S., Haughey N., and Geiger J.D. Identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat epitope that is neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 1475-1480
46. Kruman II, Nath A., and Mattson M.P. HIV-1 protein Tat induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by a mechanism involving caspase activation, calcium overload, and oxidative stress. Exp. Neurol. 154 (1998) 276-288
47. Haughey N.J., Holden C.P., Nath A., and Geiger J.D. Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat. J. Neurochem. 73 (1999) 1363-1374
48. Hegg C.C., Hu S., Peterson P.K., and Thayer S.A. Beta-chemokines and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 proteins evoke intracellular calcium increases in human microglia. Neuroscience 98 (2000) 191-199
49. 2+ that require function of an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor polyamine-sensitive site. Brain Res. 995 (2004) 39-45
50. Poignard P., Saphire E.O., Parren P.W., and Burton D.R. gp120: biologic aspects of structural features. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19 (2001) 253-274
51. 2+ in human neurons and astrocytes. Neuroscience 91 (1999) 1369-1378
52. Haughey N.J., and Mattson M.P. Calcium dysregulation and neuronal apoptosis by the HIV-1 proteins Tat and gp120. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 31 Suppl. 2 (2002) S55-S61
53. Singh I.N., Goody R.J., Dean C., Ahmad N.M., Lutz S.E., Knapp P.E., Nath A., and Hauser K.F. Apoptotic death of striatal neurons induced by human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat and gp120: differential involvement of caspase-3 and endonuclease G. J. Neurovirol. 10 (2004) 141-151
54. Dayanithi G., Yahi N., Baghdiguian S., and Fantini J. Intracellular calcium release induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) surface envelope glycoprotein in human intestinal epithelial cells: a putative mechanism for HIV-1 enteropathy. Cell Calcium 18 (1995) 9-18
55. Barmak K., Harhaj E., Grant C., Alefantis T., and Wigdahl B. Human T cell leukemia virus type I-induced disease: pathways to cancer and neurodegeneration. Virology 308 (2003) 1-12
56. Nicot C., Harrod R.L., Ciminale V., and Franchini G. Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 nonstructural genes and their functions. Oncogene 24 (2005) 6026-6034
57. Ding W., Albrecht B., Luo R., Zhang W., Stanley J.R., Newbound G.C., and Lairmore M.D. Endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi localization of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 p12(I): association with calreticulin and calnexin. J. Virol. 75 (2001) 7672-7682
58. Albrecht B., D'Souza C.D., Ding W., Tridandapani S., Coggeshall K.M., and Lairmore M.D. Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 accessory protein p12(I). J. Virol. 76 (2002) 3493-3501
59. Ding W., Albrecht B., Kelley R.E., Muthusamy N., Kim S.J., Altschuld R.A., and Lairmore M.D. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 p12(I) expression increases cytoplasmic calcium to enhance the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 10374-10382
60. Kim S.J., Ding W., Albrecht B., Green P.L., and Lairmore M.D. A conserved calcineurin binding motif in human T lymphotropic virus type 1 p12I functions to modulate nuclear factor of activated T cell activation. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 15550-15557
61. Nair A., Michael B., Hiraragi H., Fernandez S., Feuer G., Boris-Lawrie K., and Lairmore M. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 accessory protein p12I modulates calcium-mediated cellular gene expression and enhances p300 expression in T lymphocytes. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (2005) 273-284
62. Kim S.J., Nair A.M., Fernandez S., Mathes L., and Lairmore M.D. Enhancement of LFA1-mediated T cell adhesion by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 p12I1. J. Immunol. 176 (2006) 5463-5470
63. D'Agostino D.M., Ranzato L., Arrigoni G., Cavallari I., Belleudi F., Torrisi M.R., Silic-Benussi M., Ferro T., Petronilli V., Marin O., Chieco-Bianchi L., Bernardi P., and Ciminale V. Mitochondrial alterations induced by the p13II protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Critical role of arginine residues. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 34424-34433
64. D'Agostino D.M., Silic-Benussi M., Hiraragi H., Lairmore M.D., and Ciminale V. The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 p13II protein: effects on mitochondrial function and cell growth. Cell Death Differ. 12 Suppl 1 (2005) 905-915
65. Silic-Benussi M., Cavallari I., Zorzan T., Rossi E., Hiraragi H., Rosato A., Horie K., Saggioro D., Lairmore M.D., Willems L., Chieco-Bianchi L., D'Agostino D.M., and Ciminale V. Suppression of tumor growth and cell proliferation by p13II, a mitochondrial protein of human T cell leukemia virus type 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 6629-6634
66. Rosenberg S. Recent advances in the molecular biology of hepatitis C virus. J. Mol. Biol. 313 (2001) 451-464
67. Colombo M., and Sangiovanni A. Etiology, natural history and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Antiviral Res. 60 (2003) 145-150
68. Penin F., Dubuisson J., Rey F.A., Moradpour D., and Pawlotsky J.M. Structural biology of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 39 (2004) 5-19
69. Pawlotsky J.M. Pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus infection and related liver disease. Trends Microbiol. 12 (2004) 96-102
70. Giannini C., and Brechot C. Hepatitis C virus biology. Cell Death Differ. 1 (2003) S27-S38
71. Levrero M. Viral hepatitis and liver cancer: the case of hepatitis C. Oncogene 25 (2006) 3834-3847
72. Moriya K., Fujie H., Shintani Y., Yotsuyanagi H., Tsutsumi T., Ishibashi K., Matsuura Y., Kimura S., Miyamura T., and Koike K. The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. Nat. Med. 4 (1998) 1065-1067
73. Lerat H., Honda M., Beard M.R., Loesch K., Sun J., Yang Y., Okuda M., Gosert R., Xiao S.Y., Weinman S.A., and Lemon S.M. Steatosis and liver cancer in transgenic mice expressing the structural and nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology 122 (2002) 352-365
74. Ray R.B., and Ray R. Hepatitis C virus core protein: intriguing properties and functional relevance. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 202 (2001) 149-156
75. Moorman J.P., Prayther D., McVay D., Hahn Y.S., and Hahn C.S. The C-terminal region of hepatitis C core protein is required for Fas-ligand independent apoptosis in Jurkat cells by facilitating Fas oligomerization. Virology 312 (2003) 320-329
76. Realdon S., Gerotto M., Dal Pero F., Marin O., Granato A., Basso G., Muraca M., and Alberti A. Proapoptotic effect of hepatitis C virus CORE protein in transiently transfected cells is enhanced by nuclear localization and is dependent on PKR activation. J. Hepatol. 40 (2004) 77-85
77. Benali-Furet N.L., Chami M., Houel L., De Giorgi F., Vernejoul F., Lagorce D., Buscail L., Bartenschlager R., Ichas F., Rizzuto R., and Paterlini-Brechot P. Hepatitis C virus core triggers apoptosis in liver cells by inducing ER stress and ER calcium depletion. Oncogene 24 (2005) 4921-4933
78. Santolini E., Migliaccio G., and La Monica N. Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 3631-3641
79. Barba G., Harper F., Harada T., Kohara M., Goulinet S., Matsuura Y., Eder G., Schaff Z., Chapman M.J., Miyamura T., and Brechot C. Hepatitis C virus core protein shows a cytoplasmic localization and associates to cellular lipid storage droplets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 (1997) 1200-1205
80. Okuda M., Li K., Beard M.R., Showalter L.A., Scholle F., Lemon S.M., and Weinman S.A. Mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and antioxidant gene expression are induced by hepatitis C virus core protein. Gastroenterology 122 (2002) 366-375
81. Martire G., Viola A., Iodice L., Lotti L.V., Gradini R., and Bonatti S. Hepatitis C virus structural proteins reside in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the intermediate compartment/cis-Golgi complex region of stably transfected cells. Virology 280 (2001) 176-182
82. Suzuki R., Sakamoto S., Tsutsumi T., Rikimaru A., Tanaka K., Shimoike T., Moriishi K., Iwasaki T., Mizumoto K., Matsuura Y., Miyamura T., and Suzuki T. Molecular determinants for subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus core protein. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 1271-1281
83. 2+ oscillations. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 18877-18883
84. Gomez-Gonzalo M., Benedicto I., Carretero M., Lara-Pezzi E., Maldonado-Rodriguez A., Moreno-Otero R., Lai M.M., and Lopez-Cabrera M. Hepatitis C virus core protein regulates p300/CBP co-activation function. Possible role in the regulation of NF-AT1 transcriptional activity. Virology 328 (2004) 120-130
85. Bergqvist A., and Rice C.M. Transcriptional activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by hepatitis C virus core protein. J. Virol. 75 (2001) 772-781
86. John L.M., Lechleiter J.D., and Camacho P. Differential modulation of SERCA2 isoforms by calreticulin. J. Cell Biol. 142 (1998) 963-973
87. Piccoli C., Scrima R., D'Aprile A., Ripoli M., Lecce L., Boffoli D., and Capitanio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatitis C virus infection. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1757 (2006) 1429-1437
88. Reed K.E., Xu J., and Rice C.M. Phosphorylation of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in vitro and in vivo: properties of the NS5A-associated kinase. J. Virol. 71 (1997) 7187-7197
89. Bartenschlager R., and Lohmann V. Replication of hepatitis C virus. J. Gen. Virol. 81 (2000) 1631-1648
90. Hijikata M., Mizushima H., Tanji Y., Komoda Y., Hirowatari Y., Akagi T., Kato N., Kimura K., and Shimotohno K. Proteolytic processing and membrane association of putative nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90 (1993) 10773-10777
91. Gale M., Blakely C.M., Kwieciszewski B., Tan S.L., Dossett M., Tang N.M., Korth M.J., Polyak S.J., Gretch D.R., and Katze M.G. Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (1998) 5208-5218
92. Kato N., Lan K.H., Ono-Nita S.K., Shiratori Y., and Omata M. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural region 5A protein is a potent transcriptional activator. J. Virol. 71 (1997) 8856-8859
93. Majumder M., Ghosh A.K., Steele R., Ray R., and Ray R.B. Hepatitis C virus NS5A physically associates with p53 and regulates p21/waf1 gene expression in a p53-dependent manner. J. Virol. 75 (2001) 1401-1407
94. Gong G., Waris G., Tanveer R., and Siddiqui A. Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF-kappa B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 9599-9604
95. Waris G., Livolsi A., Imbert V., Peyron J.F., and Siddiqui A. Hepatitis C virus NS5A and subgenomic replicon activate NF-kappaB via tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and its degradation by calpain protease. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 40778-40787
96. Kalamvoki M., and Mavromara P. Calcium-dependent calpain proteases are implicated in processing of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 11865-11878
97. Griffin S.D., Beales L.P., Clarke D.S., Worsfold O., Evans S.D., Jaeger J., Harris M.P., and Rowlands D.J. The p7 protein of hepatitis C virus forms an ion channel that is blocked by the antiviral drug, Amantadine. FEBS Lett. 535 (2003) 34-38
98. Porter A.G. Picornavirus nonstructural proteins: emerging roles in virus replication and inhibition of host cell functions. J. Virol. 67 (1993) 6917-6921
99. Bienz K., Egger D., and Pfister T. Characteristics of the poliovirus replication complex. Arch. Virol., Suppl. 9 (1994) 147-157
100. Rust R.C., Landmann L., Gosert R., Tang B.L., Hong W., Hauri H.P., Egger D., and Bienz K. Cellular COPII proteins are involved in production of the vesicles that form the poliovirus replication complex. J. Virol. 75 (2001) 9808-9818
101. van Kuppeveld F.J., de Jong A.S., Melchers W.J., and Willems P.H. Enterovirus protein 2B po(u)res out the calcium: a viral strategy to survive?. Trends Microbiol. 13 (2005) 41-44
102. de Jong A.S., Wessels E., Dijkman H.B., Galama J.M., Melchers W.J., Willems P.H., and van Kuppeveld F.J. Determinants for membrane association and permeabilization of the coxsackievirus 2B protein and the identification of the Golgi complex as the target organelle. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 1012-1021
103. van Kuppeveld F.J., Galama J.M., Zoll J., van den Hurk P.J., and Melchers W.J. Coxsackie B3 virus protein 2B contains cationic amphipathic helix that is required for viral RNA replication. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 3876-3886
104. Shai Y. Mechanism of the binding, insertion and destabilization of phospholipid bilayer membranes by alpha-helical antimicrobial and cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1462 (1999) 55-70
105. van Kuppeveld F.J., Hoenderop J.G., Smeets R.L., Willems P.H., Dijkman H.B., Galama J.M., and Melchers W.J. Coxsackievirus protein 2B modifies endoplasmic reticulum membrane and plasma membrane permeability and facilitates virus release. EMBO J. 16 (1997) 3519-3532
106. 2+ homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 18440-18450
107. de Jong A.S., Visch H.J., de Mattia F., van Dommelen M.M., Swarts H.G., Luyten T., Callewaert G., Melchers W.J., Willems P.H., and van Kuppeveld F.J. The coxsackievirus 2B protein increases efflux of ions from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, thereby inhibiting protein trafficking through the Golgi. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 14144-14150
108. Schlegel A., Giddings Jr. T.H., Ladinsky M.S., and Kirkegaard K. Cellular origin and ultrastructure of membranes induced during poliovirus infection. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 6576-6588
109. de Jong A.S., Melchers W.J., Glaudemans D.H., Willems P.H., and van Kuppeveld F.J. Mutational analysis of different regions in the coxsackievirus 2B protein: requirements for homo-multimerization, membrane permeabilization, subcellular localization, and virus replication. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 19924-19935
110. Agol V.I., Belov G.A., Bienz K., Egger D., Kolesnikova M.S., Romanova L.I., Sladkova L.V., and Tolskaya E.A. Competing death programs in poliovirus-infected cells: commitment switch in the middle of the infectious cycle. J. Virol. 74 (2000) 5534-5541
111. Barco A., Feduchi E., and Carrasco L. Poliovirus protease 3C(pro) kills cells by apoptosis. Virology 266 (2000) 352-360
112. Carthy C.M., Granville D.J., Watson K.A., Anderson D.R., Wilson J.E., Yang D., Hunt D.W., and McManus B.M. Caspase activation and specific cleavage of substrates after coxsackievirus B3-induced cytopathic effect in HeLa cells. J. Virol. 72 (1998) 7669-7675
113. Pinton P., Ferrari D., Magalhaes P., Schulze-Osthoff K., Di Virgilio F., Pozzan T., and Rizzuto R. Reduced loading of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and downregulation of capacitative Ca(2+) influx in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. J. Cell Biol. 148 (2000) 857-862
114. Annis M.G., Zamzami N., Zhu W., Penn L.Z., Kroemer G., Leber B., and Andrews D.W. Endoplasmic reticulum localized Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis when redistribution of cytochrome c is a late event. Oncogene 20 (2001) 1939-1952
115. Anthony I.D., Bullivant S., Dayal S., Bellamy A.R., and Berriman J.A. Rotavirus spike structure and polypeptide composition. J. Virol. 65 (1991) 4334-4340
116. Michelangeli F., Liprandi F., Chemello M.E., Ciarlet M., and Ruiz M.C. Selective depletion of stored calcium by thapsigargin blocks rotavirus maturation but not the cytopathic effect. J. Virol. 69 (1995) 3838-3847
117. Poruchynsky M.S., Maass D.R., and Atkinson P.H. Calcium depletion blocks the maturation of rotavirus by altering the oligomerization of virus-encoded proteins in the ER. J. Cell Biol. 114 (1991) 651-656
118. Dormitzer P.R., and Greenberg H.B. Calcium chelation induces a conformational change in recombinant herpes simplex virus-1-expressed rotavirus VP7. Virology 189 (1992) 828-832
119. Perez J.F., Ruiz M.C., Chemello M.E., and Michelangeli F. Characterization of a membrane calcium pathway induced by rotavirus infection in cultured cells. J. Virol. 73 (1999) 2481-2490
120. Brunet J.P., Cotte-Laffitte J., Linxe C., Quero A.M., Geniteau-Legendre M., and Servin A. Rotavirus infection induces an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in human intestinal epithelial cells: role in microvillar actin alteration. J. Virol. 74 (2000) 2323-2332
121. 2+ concentration. Virology 252 (1998) 17-27
122. Chaibi C., Cotte-Laffitte J., Sandre C., Esclatine A., Servin A.L., Quero A.M., and Geniteau-Legendre M. Rotavirus induces apoptosis in fully differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Virology 332 (2005) 480-490
123. Ball J.M., Tian P., Zeng C.Q., Morris A.P., and Estes M.K. Age-dependent diarrhea induced by a rotaviral nonstructural glycoprotein. Science 272 (1996) 101-104
124. Dong Y., Zeng C.Q., Ball J.M., Estes M.K., and Morris A.P. The rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 mobilizes intracellular calcium in human intestinal cells by stimulating phospholipase C-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 (1997) 3960-3965
125. 2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Virol. 69 (1995) 5763-5772
126. Berkova Z., Morris A.P., and Estes M.K. Cytoplasmic calcium measurement in rotavirus enterotoxin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (NSP4-EGFP) expressing cells loaded with Fura-2. Cell Calcium 34 (2003) 55-68
127. Ganem D., and Varmus H.E. The molecular biology of the hepatitis B viruses. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56 (1987) 651-693
128. Henkler F., Hoare J., Waseem N., Goldin R.D., McGarvey M.J., Koshy R., and King I.A. Intracellular localization of the hepatitis B virus HBx protein. J. Gen. Virol. 82 (2001) 871-882
129. Rahmani Z., Huh K.W., Lasher R., and Siddiqui A. Hepatitis B virus X protein colocalizes to mitochondria with a human voltage-dependent anion channel, HVDAC3, and alters its transmembrane potential. J. Virol. 74 (2000) 2840-2846
130. Weil R., Sirma H., Giannini C., Kremsdorf D., Bessia C., Dargemont C., Brechot C., and Israel A. Direct association and nuclear import of the hepatitis B virus X protein with the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1999) 6345-6354
131. Bouchard M.J., and Schneider R.J. The enigmatic X gene of hepatitis B virus. J Virol. 78 (2004) 12725-12734
132. Andrisani O.M., and Barnabas S. The transcriptional function of the hepatitis B virus X protein and its role in hepatocarcinogenesis (Review). Int. J. Oncol. 15 (1999) 373-379
133. Pang R., Tse E., and Poon R.T. Molecular pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 240 (2006) 157-169
134. Kremsdorf D., Soussan P., Paterlini-Brechot P., and Brechot C. Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: paradigms for viral-related human carcinogenesis. Oncogene 25 (2006) 3823-3833
135. Wang X.W., Gibson M.K., Vermeulen W., Yeh H., Forrester K., Sturzbecher H.W., Hoeijmakers J.H., and Harris C.C. Abrogation of p53-induced apoptosis by the hepatitis B virus X gene. Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 6012-6016
136. Terradillos O., de La Coste A., Pollicino T., Neuveut C., Sitterlin D., Lecoeur H., Gougeon M.L., Kahn A., and Buendia M.A. The hepatitis B virus X protein abrogates Bcl-2mediated protection against Fas apoptosis in the liver. Oncogene 21 (2002) 377-386
137. Shintani Y., Yotsuyanagi H., Moriya K., Fujie H., Tsutsumi T., Kanegae Y., Kimura S., Saito I., and Koike K. Induction of apoptosis after switch-on of the hepatitis B virus X gene mediated by the Cre/loxP recombination system. J. Gen. Virol. 80 (1999) 3257-3265
138. Brechot C., Gozuacik D., Murakami Y., and Paterlini-Brechot P. Molecular bases for the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Semin. Cancer Biol. 10 (2000) 211-231
139. 2+ signaling in the induction of apoptosis by hepatitis B virus X protein. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 31745-31755
140. Oh J.C., Jeong D.L., Kim I.K., and Oh S.H. Activation of calcium signaling by hepatitis B virus-X protein in liver cells. Exp. Mol. Med. 35 (2003) 301-309
141. Bouchard M.J., Wang L.H., and Schneider R.J. Calcium signaling by HBx protein in hepatitis B virus DNA replication. Science 294 (2001) 2376-2378
142. Bouchard M.J., Puro R.J., Wang L., and Schneider R.J. Activation and inhibition of cellular calcium and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways identify targets of the HBx protein involved in hepatitis B virus replication. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 7713-7719
143. Choi Y., Gyoo Park S., Yoo J.H., and Jung G. Calcium ions affect the hepatitis B virus core assembly. Virology 332 (2005) 454-463
144. W. Xia, Y. Shen, H. Xie, S. Zheng, Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum in hepatitis B virus replication, Virus Res (in press) 116-121.
145. Xia W.L., Shen Y., and Zheng S.S. Inhibitory effect of cyclosporine A on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and its possible mechanisms. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 4 (2005) 18-22
146. Bouchard M.J., Wang L., and Schneider R.J. Activation of focal adhesion kinase by hepatitis B virus HBx protein: multiple functions in viral replication. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 4406-4414
147. Lara-Pezzi E., Armesilla A.L., Majano P.L., Redondo J.M., and Lopez-Cabrera M. The hepatitis B virus X protein activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) by a cyclosporin A-sensitive pathway. EMBO J. 17 (1998) 7066-7077
148. Lev S., Moreno H., Martinez R., Canoll P., Peles E., Musacchio J.M., Plowman G.D., Rudy B., and Schlessinger J. Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca(2+)induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions. Nature 376 (1995) 737-745
149. Zhao J., Zheng C., and Guan J. Pyk2 and FAK differentially regulate progression of the cell cycle. J. Cell Sci. 113 (2000) 3063-3072
150. Lee Y.I., Hwang J.M., Im J.H., Lee Y.I., Kim N.S., Kim D.G., Yu D.Y., Moon H.B., and Park S.K. Human hepatitis B virus-X protein alters mitochondrial function and physiology in human liver cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 15460-15471
151. Boshoff C., and Chang Y. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: a new DNA tumor virus. Annu. Rev. Med. 52 (2001) 453-470
152. Sarid R., Flore O., Bohenzky R.A., Chang Y., and Moore P.S. Transcription mapping of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome in a body cavity-based lymphoma cell line (BC-1). J. Virol. 72 (1998) 1005-1012
153. Zoeteweij J.P., Moses A.V., Rinderknecht A.S., Davis D.A., Overwijk W.W., Yarchoan R., Orenstein J.M., and Blauvelt A. Targeted inhibition of calcineurin signaling blocks calcium-dependent reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Blood 97 (2001) 2374-2380
154. Choi J.K., Lee B.S., Shim S.N., Li M., and Jung J.U. Identification of the novel K15 gene at the rightmost end of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome. J. Virol. 74 (2000) 436-446
155. Arvanitakis L., Geras-Raaka E., Varma A., Gershengorn M.C., and Cesarman E. Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 385 (1997) 347-350
156. Bais C., Santomasso B., Coso O., Arvanitakis L., Raaka E.G., Gutkind
157. Lee B.S., Alvarez X., Ishido S., Lackner A.A., and Jung J.U. Inhibition of intracellular transport of B cell antigen receptor complexes by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K1. J. Exp. Med. 192 (2000) 11-21
158. Lee B.S., Lee S.H., Feng P., Chang H., Cho N.H., and Jung J.U. Characterization of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K1 signalosome. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 12173-12184
159. Feng P., Park J., Lee B.S., Lee S.H., Bram R.J., and Jung J.U. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus mitochondrial K7 protein targets a cellular calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand to modulate intracellular calcium concentration and inhibit apoptosis. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 11491-11504
160. Bram R.J., and Crabtree G.R. Calcium signalling in T cells stimulated by a cyclophilin B-binding protein. Nature 371 (1994) 355-358
161. 2+ responses. Science 280 (1998) 1763-1766
162. Nakano K., Isegawa Y., Zou P., Tadagaki K., Inagi R., and Yamanishi K. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded vMIP-I and vMIP-II induce signal transduction and chemotaxis in monocytic cells. Arch. Virol. 148 (2003) 871-890
163. Dairaghi D.J., Fan R.A., McMaster B.E., Hanley M.R., and Schall T.J. HHV8-encoded vMIP-I selectively engages chemokine receptor CCR8. Agonist and antagonist profiles of viral chemokines. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 21569-21574
164. Huang Q., Petros A.M., Virgin H.W., Fesik S.W., and Olejniczak E.T. Solution structure of a Bcl-2 homolog from Kaposi sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 (2002) 3428-3433
165. Rizzuto R., Pinton P., Ferrari D., Chami M., Szabadkai G., Magalhaes P.J., Di Virgilio F., and Pozzan T. Calcium and apoptosis: facts and hypotheses. Oncogene 22 (2003) 8619-8627
166. Cheshenko N., Del Rosario B., Woda C., Marcellino D., Satlin L.M., and Herold B.C. Herpes simplex virus triggers activation of calcium-signaling pathways. J. Cell Biol. 163 (2003) 283-293
167. Qie L., Marcellino D., and Herold B.C. Herpes simplex virus entry is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Virology 256 (1999) 220-227
168. Mogensen T.H., Melchjorsen J., Hollsberg P., and Paludan S.R. Activation of NF-kappa B in virus-infected macrophages is dependent on mitochondrial oxidative stress and intracellular calcium: downstream involvement of the kinases TGF-beta-activated kinase 1, mitogen-activated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1, and I kappa B kinase. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 6224-6233
169. 2+-dependent cell death on the release of herpes simplex virus. Arch. Virol. 148 (2003) 221-235
170. Macsween K.F., and Crawford D.H. Epstein-Barr virus-recent advances. Lancet, Infect. Dis. 3 (2003) 131-140
171. Young L.S., and Murray P.G. Epstein-Barr virus and oncogenesis: from latent genes to tumours. Oncogene 22 (2003) 5108-5121
172. 2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase type IV/Gr promotes a Ca(2+)-dependent switch from latency to viral replication. J. Virol. 71 (1997) 6560-6567
173. Dugas B., Delfraissy J.F., Calenda A., Peuchmaur M., Wallon C., Rannou M.T., and Galanaud P. Activation and infection of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus. Role of calcium mobilization and of protein kinase C translocation. J. Immunol. 141 (1988) 4344-4351
174. Tierney R.J., Steven N., Young L.S., and Rickinson A.B. Epstein-Barr virus latency in blood mononuclear cells: analysis of viral gene transcription during primary infection and in the carrier state. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 7374-7385
175. Miller C.L., Longnecker R., and Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A blocks calcium mobilization in B lymphocytes. J. Virol. 67 (1993) 3087-3094
176. Miller C.L., Lee J.H., Kieff E., and Longnecker R. An integral membrane protein (LMP2) blocks reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus from latency following surface immunoglobulin crosslinking. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91 (1994) 772-776
177. Fruehling S., and Longnecker R. The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A is essential for blocking BCR-mediated signal transduction. Virology 235 (1997) 241-251
178. Faggioni A., Zompetta C., Grimaldi S., Barile G., Frati L., and Lazdins J. Calcium modulation activates Epstein-Barr virus genome in latently infected cells. Science 232 (1986) 1554-1556
179. Goldfeld A.E., Liu P., Liu S., Flemington E.K., Strominger J.L., and Speck S.H. Cyclosporin A and FK506 block induction of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by anti-immunoglobulin. Virology 209 (1995) 225-229
180. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaM kinase-Gr, expressed after transformation of primary human B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is induced by the EBV oncogene LMP1. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 1697-1705
181. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaM kinase-Gr, in human T lymphocytes. Regulation of kinase activity by T cell receptor signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 20055-20063
182. Liu S., Liu P., Borras A., Chatila T., and Speck S.H. Cyclosporin A-sensitive induction of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic switch is mediated via a novel pathway involving a MEF2 family member. EMBO J. 16 (1997) 143-153
183. 2+ pumps by curcumin. Curcumin putatively stabilizes the interaction between the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation domains in the absence of ATP. Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (2001) 6318-6327
184. Hergenhahn M., Soto U., Weninger A., Polack A., Hsu C.H., Cheng A.L., and Rosl F. The chemopreventive compound curcumin is an efficient inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transcription in Raji DR-LUC cells. Mol. Carcinog. 33 (2002) 137-145
185. Jackson A.C. Rabies: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 19 (2006) 267-270
186. Torres-Fernandez O., Yepes G.E., Gomez J.E., and Pimienta H.J. Calbindin distribution in cortical and subcortical brain structures of normal and rabies-infected mice. Int. J. Neurosci. 115 (2005) 1375-1382
187. Schwaller B., Meyer M., and Schiffmann S. 'New' functions for 'old' proteins: the role of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k, calretinin and parvalbumin, in cerebellar physiology. Studies with knockout mice. Cerebellum 1 (2002) 241-258
188. Ubol S., Kasisith J., Pitidhammabhorn D., and Tepsumethanol V. Screening of proapoptotic genes upregulated in an experimental street rabies virus-infected neonatal mouse brain. Microbiol. Immunol. 49 (2005) 423-431
189. Brask J., Owe-Larsson B., Hill R.H., and Kristensson K. Changes in calcium currents and GABAergic spontaneous activity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons after a neurotropic influenza A virus infection. Brain Res. Bull. 55 (2001) 421-429
190. Mori I., Imai Y., Kohsaka S., and Kimura Y. Upregulated expression of Iba1 molecules in the central nervous system of mice in response to neurovirulent influenza A virus infection. Microbiol. Immunol. 44 (2000) 729-735
191. Hartshorn K.L., Collamer M., Auerbach M., Myers J.B., Pavlotsky N., and Tauber A.I. Effects of influenza A virus on human neutrophil calcium metabolism. J. Immunol. 141 (1988) 1295-1301
192. Zheng Z.M., and Baker C.C. Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and posttranscriptional regulation. Front. Biosci. 11 (2006) 2286-2302
193. Watt F.M., Hudson D.L., Lamb A.G., Bolsover S.R., Silver R.A., Aitchison M.J., and Whitaker M. Mitogens induce calcium transients in both dividing and terminally differentiating keratinocytes. J. Cell Sci. 99 (1991) 397-405
194. Sharpe G.R., Fisher C., Gillespie J.I., and Greenwell J.R. Growth and differentiation stimuli induce different and distinct increases in intracellular free calcium in human keratinocytes. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 284 (1993) 445-450
195. Garrett L.R., Coder D.M., and McDougall J.K. Increased intracellular calcium is associated with progression of HPV-18 immortalized human keratinocytes to tumorigenicity. Cell Calcium 12 (1991) 343-349
196. Chen J.J., Reid C.E., Band V., and Androphy E.J. Interaction of papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins with a putative calcium-binding protein. Science 269 (1995) 529-531
197. Weis K., Griffiths G., and Lamond A.I. The endoplasmic reticulum calcium-binding protein of 55 kDa is a novel EF-hand protein retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by a carboxyl-terminal His-Asp-Glu-Leu motif. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 19142-19150
198. Hellung Schonning B., Bevort M., Mikkelsen S., Andresen M., Thomsen P., Leffers H., and Norrild B. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7-regulated genes: regulation of S100P and ADP/ATP carrier protein genes identified by differential-display technology. J. Gen. Virol. 81 (2000) 1009-1015
199. 2+-binding S100 proteins. In: Messerschmidt A., Bode W., and Cygler M. (Eds). Handbook of Mettalloproteins vol. 3 (2004), John Wiley & sons Ltd., Chichester 529-540
200. Marenholz I., Heizmann C.W., and Fritz G. S100 proteins in mouse and man: from evolution to function and pathology (including an update of the nomenclature). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 322 (2004) 1111-1122
201. I. Marenholz, R.C. Lovering, C.W. Heizmann, An update of the S100 nomenclature, BBA-Molecular cell research, this Issue doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.07.013.
202. Tugizov S., Berline J., Herrera R., Penaranda M.E., Nakagawa M., and Palefsky J. Inhibition of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 phosphorylation by the S100 MRP-8/14 protein complex. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 1099-1112
203. Christiansen G., Landers T., Griffith J., and Berg P. Characterization of components released by alkali disruption of simian virus 40. J. Virol. 21 (1977) 1079-1084
204. Brady J.N., Winston V.D., and Consigli R.A. Dissociation of polyoma virus by the chelation of calcium ions found associated with purified virions. J. Virol. 23 (1977) 717-724
205. Brady J.N., Winston V.D., and Consigli R.A. Characterization of a DNA-protein complex and capsomere subunits derived from polyoma virus by treatment with ethyleneglycol-bis-N, N′-tetraacetic acid and dithiothreitol. J. Virol. 27 (1978) 193-204
206. Brady J.N., Kendall J.D., and Consigli R.A. In vitro reassembly of infectious polyoma virions. J. Virol. 32 (1979) 640-647
207. Yuen L.K., and Consigli R.A. Improved infectivity of reassembled polyoma virus. J. Virol. 43 (1982) 337-341
208. Chen P.L., Wang M., Ou W.C., Lii C.K., Chen L.S., and Chang D. Disulfide bonds stabilize JC virus capsid-like structure by protecting calcium ions from chelation. FEBS Lett. 500 (2001) 109-113
209. Li P.P., Naknanishi A., Tran M.A., Ishizu K., Kawano M., Phillips M., Handa H., Liddington R.C., and Kasamatsu H. Importance of Vp1 calcium-binding residues in assembly, cell entry, and nuclear entry of simian virus 40. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 7527-7538
210. Csordas G., Thomas A.P., and Hajnoczky G. Quasi-synaptic calcium signal transmission between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. EMBO J. 18 (1999) 96-108