메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 189, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 539-556

Neuroimaging research in human MDMA users: A review

Author keywords

3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine; Drug abuse; Drug toxicity; Ecstasy; fMRI; MDMA; Neuroimaging; PET; SPECT

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; RECREATIONAL DRUG; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;

EID: 33751232336     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0467-3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (115)
  • 2
    • 0033607450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-lipoic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity
    • Aguirre N, Barrionuevo M, Ramirez MJ, Del RJ, Lasheras B (1999) Alpha-lipoic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity. Neuroreport 10:3675-3680
    • (1999) Neuroreport , vol.10 , pp. 3675-3680
    • Aguirre, N.1    Barrionuevo, M.2    Ramirez, M.J.3    Del, R.J.4    Lasheras, B.5
  • 4
    • 0033933649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based morphometry - The methods
    • Ashburner J, Friston KJ (2000) Voxel-based morphometry - the methods. Neuroimage 11:805-821
    • (2000) Neuroimage , vol.11 , pp. 805-821
    • Ashburner, J.1    Friston, K.J.2
  • 5
    • 0036456605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cajal's hypotheses on neurobiones and neurotropic factor match properties of microtubules and S-100 beta
    • Azmitia EC (2002) Cajal's hypotheses on neurobiones and neurotropic factor match properties of microtubules and S-100 beta. Prog Brain Res 136:87-100
    • (2002) Prog Brain Res , vol.136 , pp. 87-100
    • Azmitia, E.C.1
  • 6
    • 0035012074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions
    • Bankson MG, Cunningham KA (2001) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a unique model of serotonin receptor function and serotonin-dopamine interactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 297:846-852
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 846-852
    • Bankson, M.G.1    Cunningham, K.A.2
  • 8
    • 0036703989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin clearance in vivo is altered to a greater extent by antidepressant-induced downregulation of the serotonin transporter than by acute blockade of this transporter
    • Benmansour S, Owens WA, Cecchi M, Morilak DA, Frazer A (2002) Serotonin clearance in vivo is altered to a greater extent by antidepressant-induced downregulation of the serotonin transporter than by acute blockade of this transporter. J Neurosci 22:6766-6772
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 6766-6772
    • Benmansour, S.1    Owens, W.A.2    Cecchi, M.3    Morilak, D.A.4    Frazer, A.5
  • 9
    • 0033961818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro expression of N-acetyl aspartate by oligodendrocytes: Implications for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal in vivo
    • Bhakoo KK, Pearce D (2000) In vitro expression of N-acetyl aspartate by oligodendrocytes: implications for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal in vivo. J Neurochem 74:254-262
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 254-262
    • Bhakoo, K.K.1    Pearce, D.2
  • 14
    • 0032850840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral (1)H MRS alterations in recreational 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") users
    • Chang L, Ernst T, Grob CS, Poland RE (1999) Cerebral (1)H MRS alterations in recreational 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") users. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:521-526
    • (1999) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 521-526
    • Chang, L.1    Ernst, T.2    Grob, C.S.3    Poland, R.E.4
  • 15
    • 0034723753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] on cerebral blood flow: A co-registered SPECT and MRI study
    • Chang L, Grob CS, Ernst T, Itti L, Mishkin FS, Jose-Melchor R, Poland RE (2000) Effect of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] on cerebral blood flow: a co-registered SPECT and MRI study. Psychiatry Res 98:15-28
    • (2000) Psychiatry Res , vol.98 , pp. 15-28
    • Chang, L.1    Grob, C.S.2    Ernst, T.3    Itti, L.4    Mishkin, F.S.5    Jose-Melchor, R.6    Poland, R.E.7
  • 17
    • 2442681827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ups and downs of Ecstasy
    • Check E (2004) The ups and downs of Ecstasy. Nature 429:126-128
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , pp. 126-128
    • Check, E.1
  • 18
    • 0030293754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin in the regulation of brain microcirculation
    • Cohen Z, Bonvento G, Lacombe P, Hamel E (1996) Serotonin in the regulation of brain microcirculation. Prog Neurobiol 50:335-362
    • (1996) Prog Neurobiol , vol.50 , pp. 335-362
    • Cohen, Z.1    Bonvento, G.2    Lacombe, P.3    Hamel, E.4
  • 19
    • 0036913518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The content of ecstasy tablets: Implications for the study of their long-term effects
    • Cole JC, Bailey M, Sumnall HR, Wagstaff GF, King LA (2002) The content of ecstasy tablets: implications for the study of their long-term effects. Addiction 97:1531-1536
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1531-1536
    • Cole, J.C.1    Bailey, M.2    Sumnall, H.R.3    Wagstaff, G.F.4    King, L.A.5
  • 21
    • 33751214963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvard doc's study: Dying with ecstasy
    • January 7
    • Crittenden J (2005) Harvard doc's study: dying with ecstasy. The Boston Herald. January 7
    • (2005) The Boston Herald
    • Crittenden, J.1
  • 23
    • 0346037309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral activation in abstinent ecstasy (MDMA) users during a working memory task: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study
    • Daumann J, Fimm B, Willmes K, Thron A, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E (2003b) Cerebral activation in abstinent ecstasy (MDMA) users during a working memory task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 16:479-487
    • (2003) Brain Res Cogn Brain Res , vol.16 , pp. 479-487
    • Daumann, J.1    Fimm, B.2    Willmes, K.3    Thron, A.4    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.5
  • 24
    • 4444244024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms of working memory in ecstasy (MDMA) users who continue or discontinue ecstasy and amphetamine use: Evidence from an 18-month longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Daumann J Jr, Fischermann T, Heekeren K, Thron A, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E (2004a) Neural mechanisms of working memory in ecstasy (MDMA) users who continue or discontinue ecstasy and amphetamine use: evidence from an 18-month longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 56:349-355
    • (2004) Biol Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 349-355
    • Daumann Jr., J.1    Fischermann, T.2    Heekeren, K.3    Thron, A.4    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.5
  • 26
  • 27
    • 0037353136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA): Effects and patterns of use reported by users in Sao Paulo
    • de Almeida SP, Silva MT (2003) Ecstasy (MDMA): effects and patterns of use reported by users in Sao Paulo. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 25:11-17
    • (2003) Rev Bras Psiquiatr , vol.25 , pp. 11-17
    • De Almeida, S.P.1    Silva, M.T.2
  • 28
    • 4544314351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): The limitations of scaling from animals to humans
    • de la Torre R, Farre M (2004) Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): the limitations of scaling from animals to humans. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:505-508
    • (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 505-508
    • De La Torre, R.1    Farre, M.2
  • 30
    • 0028792005 scopus 로고
    • Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury
    • de Stefano N, Matthews PM, Arnold DL (1995) Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury. Magn Reson Med 34:721-727
    • (1995) Magn Reson Med , vol.34 , pp. 721-727
    • De Stefano, N.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 31
    • 0036325605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical plan for MDMA (Ecstasy) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Partnering with the FDA
    • Doblin R (2002) A clinical plan for MDMA (Ecstasy) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): partnering with the FDA. J Psychoactive Drugs 34:185-194
    • (2002) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.34 , pp. 185-194
    • Doblin, R.1
  • 33
    • 0037069298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients
    • Ernst T, Chang L, Jovicich J, Ames N, Arnold S (2002) Abnormal brain activation on functional MRI in cognitively asymptomatic HIV patients. Neurology 59:1343-1349
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1343-1349
    • Ernst, T.1    Chang, L.2    Jovicich, J.3    Ames, N.4    Arnold, S.5
  • 36
    • 0028972389 scopus 로고
    • The role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs. III: The mechanistic basis for supersensitivity to the LSD stimulus following serotonin depletion
    • (Berl)
    • Fiorella D, Helsley S, Lorrain DS, Rabin RA, Winter JC (1995) The role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs. III: The mechanistic basis for supersensitivity to the LSD stimulus following serotonin depletion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 121:364-372
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.121 , pp. 364-372
    • Fiorella, D.1    Helsley, S.2    Lorrain, D.S.3    Rabin, R.A.4    Winter, J.C.5
  • 38
    • 0035143551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No difference in brain activation during cognitive performance between ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users and control subjects: A [H2(15)O]-positron emission tomography study
    • Gamma A, Buck A, Berthold T, Vollenweider FX (2001) No difference in brain activation during cognitive performance between ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users and control subjects: a [H2(15)O]-positron emission tomography study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21:66-71
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 66-71
    • Gamma, A.1    Buck, A.2    Berthold, T.3    Vollenweider, F.X.4
  • 39
    • 0035891883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical trafficking and regulation of 5-HT(2A) receptors by agonists and antagonists
    • Gray JA, Roth BL (2001) Paradoxical trafficking and regulation of 5-HT(2A) receptors by agonists and antagonists. Brain Res Bull 56:441-451
    • (2001) Brain Res Bull , vol.56 , pp. 441-451
    • Gray, J.A.1    Roth, B.L.2
  • 40
    • 2642525244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA: Fact and fallacy, and the need to increase knowledge in both the scientific and popular press
    • (Berl)
    • Green AR (2004) MDMA: fact and fallacy, and the need to increase knowledge in both the scientific and popular press. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 173:231-233
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 231-233
    • Green, A.R.1
  • 41
    • 0041466261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy")
    • Green AR, Mechan AO, Elliott JM, O'Shea E, Colado MI (2003) The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"). Pharmacol Rev 55:463-508
    • (2003) Pharmacol Rev , vol.55 , pp. 463-508
    • Green, A.R.1    Mechan, A.O.2    Elliott, J.M.3    O'Shea, E.4    Colado, M.I.5
  • 42
    • 0036695012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy and drug consumption patterns: A Canadian rave population study
    • Gross SR, Barrett SP, Shestowsky JS, Pihl RO (2002) Ecstasy and drug consumption patterns: a Canadian rave population study. Can J Psychiatry 47:546-551
    • (2002) Can J Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 546-551
    • Gross, S.R.1    Barrett, S.P.2    Shestowsky, J.S.3    Pihl, R.O.4
  • 45
    • 0035919793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of the rat serotonin transporter upon exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
    • Horschitz S, Hummerich R, Schloss P (2001) Down-regulation of the rat serotonin transporter upon exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Neuroreport 12:2181-2184
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 2181-2184
    • Horschitz, S.1    Hummerich, R.2    Schloss, P.3
  • 48
    • 2542541218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence of hippocampal dysfunction in adolescent MDMA ("ecstasy") users: Possible relationship to neurotoxic effects
    • (Berl)
    • Jacobsen LK, Mencl WE, Pugh KR, Skudlarski P, Krystal JH (2004) Preliminary evidence of hippocampal dysfunction in adolescent MDMA ("ecstasy") users: possible relationship to neurotoxic effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 173:383-390
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 383-390
    • Jacobsen, L.K.1    Mencl, W.E.2    Pugh, K.R.3    Skudlarski, P.4    Krystal, J.H.5
  • 50
    • 0032102114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of N-acetylaspartate in corticomotor neurons of patients with ALS after riluzole therapy
    • Kalra S, Cashman NR, Genge A, Arnold DL (1998) Recovery of N-acetylaspartate in corticomotor neurons of patients with ALS after riluzole therapy. Neuroreport 9:1757-1761
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 1757-1761
    • Kalra, S.1    Cashman, N.R.2    Genge, A.3    Arnold, D.L.4
  • 51
    • 0036123041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How strong is the evidence that brain serotonin neurons are damaged in human users of ecstasy?
    • Kish SJ (2002) How strong is the evidence that brain serotonin neurons are damaged in human users of ecstasy? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 71:845-855
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.71 , pp. 845-855
    • Kish, S.J.1
  • 52
    • 33751205753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy research looks for benefits: Advocates explore use of drug, illegal since 1985, to treat emotional wounds
    • July 25
    • Kohn D (2004) Ecstasy research looks for benefits: advocates explore use of drug, illegal since 1985, to treat emotional wounds. Baltimore Sun. July 25
    • (2004) Baltimore Sun
    • Kohn, D.1
  • 55
    • 0037651952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) neurotoxicity: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
    • Lyles J, Cadet JL (2003) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) neurotoxicity: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 42:155-168
    • (2003) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.42 , pp. 155-168
    • Lyles, J.1    Cadet, J.L.2
  • 56
    • 33751238311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy's good side: The much maligned drug may ease the anxieties of the terminally ill
    • April 11
    • Marsa L (2005) Ecstasy's good side: The much maligned drug may ease the anxieties of the terminally ill. LA Times. April 11
    • (2005) LA Times
    • Marsa, L.1
  • 58
    • 0032585201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic evidence of toxic effect of MDMA ("Ecstasy") on brain serotonin neurons in human beings
    • McCann UD, Szabo Z, Scheffel U, Dannals RF, Ricaurte GA (1998) Positron emission tomographic evidence of toxic effect of MDMA ("Ecstasy") on brain serotonin neurons in human beings. Lancet 352:1433-1437
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1433-1437
    • McCann, U.D.1    Szabo, Z.2    Scheffel, U.3    Dannals, R.F.4    Ricaurte, G.A.5
  • 60
    • 0042887027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased anxiety 3 months after brief exposure to MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats: Association with altered 5-HT transporter and receptor density
    • McGregor IS, Clemens KJ, Van der PG, Li KM, Hunt GE, Chen F, Lawrence AJ (2003) Increased anxiety 3 months after brief exposure to MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats: association with altered 5-HT transporter and receptor density. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1472-1484
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 1472-1484
    • McGregor, I.S.1    Clemens, K.J.2    Van Der, P.G.3    Li, K.M.4    Hunt, G.E.5    Chen, F.6    Lawrence, A.J.7
  • 61
    • 0034645383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural localization of the serotonin transporter in superficial and deep layers of the rat prelimbic prefrontal cortex and its spatial relationship to dopamine terminals
    • Miner LH, Schroeter S, Blakely RD, Sesack SR (2000) Ultrastructural localization of the serotonin transporter in superficial and deep layers of the rat prelimbic prefrontal cortex and its spatial relationship to dopamine terminals. J Comp Neurol 427:220-234
    • (2000) J Comp Neurol , vol.427 , pp. 220-234
    • Miner, L.H.1    Schroeter, S.2    Blakely, R.D.3    Sesack, S.R.4
  • 64
    • 0033778086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA): A review of its possible persistent psychological effects
    • (Berl)
    • Morgan MJ (2000) Ecstasy (MDMA): a review of its possible persistent psychological effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 152:230-248
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.152 , pp. 230-248
    • Morgan, M.J.1
  • 65
    • 12344323600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy: Pharmacology and neurotoxicity
    • Morton J (2005) Ecstasy: pharmacology and neurotoxicity. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5:79-86
    • (2005) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 79-86
    • Morton, J.1
  • 66
    • 0042336014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread increases of cortical serotonin type 2A receptor availability after hormone therapy in euthymic postmenopausal women
    • Moses-Kolko EL, Berga SL, Greer PJ, Smith G, Cidis MC, Drevets WC (2003) Widespread increases of cortical serotonin type 2A receptor availability after hormone therapy in euthymic postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 80:554-559
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.80 , pp. 554-559
    • Moses-Kolko, E.L.1    Berga, S.L.2    Greer, P.J.3    Smith, G.4    Cidis, M.C.5    Drevets, W.C.6
  • 67
    • 30544453678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances the release of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of the rat
    • (Berl)
    • Nair SG, Gudelsky GA (2006) 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances the release of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 184(2):182-189
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology , vol.184 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-189
    • Nair, S.G.1    Gudelsky, G.A.2
  • 69
    • 33751220022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA OKs clinical testing of Ecstasy
    • November 6
    • Newton C (2001) FDA OKs clinical testing of Ecstasy. The Washington Post. November 6
    • (2001) The Washington Post
    • Newton, C.1
  • 70
    • 0023735752 scopus 로고
    • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: Immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity
    • O'Hearn E, Battaglia G, de Souza EB, Kuhar MJ, Molliver ME (1988) Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 8:2788-2803
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 2788-2803
    • O'Hearn, E.1    Battaglia, G.2    De Souza, E.B.3    Kuhar, M.J.4    Molliver, M.E.5
  • 72
    • 0032797403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy-long-term effects on the human central nervous system revealed by positron emission tomography
    • Obrocki J, Buchert R, Vaterlein O, Thomasius R, Beyer W, Schiemann T (1999) Ecstasy-long-term effects on the human central nervous system revealed by positron emission tomography. Br J Psychiatry 175:186-188
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.175 , pp. 186-188
    • Obrocki, J.1    Buchert, R.2    Vaterlein, O.3    Thomasius, R.4    Beyer, W.5    Schiemann, T.6
  • 74
    • 14044258527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of MR diffusion weighted images
    • Parker GJ (2004) Analysis of MR diffusion weighted images. Br J Radiol 77:S176-S185
    • (2004) Br J Radiol , vol.77
    • Parker, G.J.1
  • 75
    • 0035669358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human psychopharmacology of Ecstasy (MDMA): A review of 15 years of empirical research
    • Parrott AC (2001) Human psychopharmacology of Ecstasy (MDMA): a review of 15 years of empirical research. Hum Psychopharmacol 16(8):557-577
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 557-577
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 76
    • 2542619028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity
    • (Berl)
    • Parrott AC (2004) Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 173:234-241
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 234-241
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 77
    • 0018622817 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartate by rat brain mitochondria and its involvement in mitochondrial/cytosolic carbon transport
    • Patel TB, Clark JB (1979) Synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartate by rat brain mitochondria and its involvement in mitochondrial/cytosolic carbon transport. Biochem J 184:539-546
    • (1979) Biochem J , vol.184 , pp. 539-546
    • Patel, T.B.1    Clark, J.B.2
  • 78
    • 0032753639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy and new patterns of drug use: A normal population study
    • Pedersen W, Skrondal A (1999) Ecstasy and new patterns of drug use: a normal population study. Addiction 94:1695-1706
    • (1999) Addiction , vol.94 , pp. 1695-1706
    • Pedersen, W.1    Skrondal, A.2
  • 80
    • 0034009711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory disturbances in "Ecstasy" users are correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission
    • (Berl)
    • Reneman L, Booij J, Schmand B, van den BW, Gunning B (2000a) Memory disturbances in "Ecstasy" users are correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148:322-324
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.148 , pp. 322-324
    • Reneman, L.1    Booij, J.2    Schmand, B.3    Van Den, B.W.4    Gunning, B.5
  • 82
  • 84
    • 0034797650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical serotonin transporter density and verbal memory in individuals who stopped using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"): Preliminary findings
    • Reneman L, Lavalaye J, Schmand B, de Wolff FA, van den BW, den Heeten GJ, Booij J (2001c) Cortical serotonin transporter density and verbal memory in individuals who stopped using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"): preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:901-906
    • (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 901-906
    • Reneman, L.1    Lavalaye, J.2    Schmand, B.3    De Wolff, F.A.4    Van Den, B.W.5    Den Heeten, G.J.6    Booij, J.7
  • 85
    • 0035477808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal N-acetylaspartate is strongly associated with memory performance in (abstinent) ecstasy users: Preliminary report
    • Reneman L, Majoie CB, Schmand B, van den BW, den Heeten GJ (2001d) Prefrontal N-acetylaspartate is strongly associated with memory performance in (abstinent) ecstasy users: preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 50:550-554
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 550-554
    • Reneman, L.1    Majoie, C.B.2    Schmand, B.3    Van Den, B.W.4    Den Heeten, G.J.5
  • 86
    • 0034875966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ecstasy (MDMA) on the brain in abstinent users: Initial observations with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging
    • Reneman L, Majoie CB, Habraken JB, den Heeten GJ (2001e) Effects of ecstasy (MDMA) on the brain in abstinent users: initial observations with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. Radiology 220:611-617
    • (2001) Radiology , vol.220 , pp. 611-617
    • Reneman, L.1    Majoie, C.B.2    Habraken, J.B.3    Den Heeten, G.J.4
  • 88
    • 0036169267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of amphetamine by recreational users of ecstasy (MDMA) is associated with reduced striatal dopamine transporter densities: A [123I]beta-CIT SPECT study - Preliminary report
    • (Berl)
    • Reneman L, Booij J, Lavalaye J, De BK, Reitsma JB, Gunning B, den Heeten GJ, van den BW (2002b) Use of amphetamine by recreational users of ecstasy (MDMA) is associated with reduced striatal dopamine transporter densities: a [123I]beta-CIT SPECT study - preliminary report. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159:335-340
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.159 , pp. 335-340
    • Reneman, L.1    Booij, J.2    Lavalaye, J.3    De, B.K.4    Reitsma, J.B.5    Gunning, B.6    Den Heeten, G.J.7    Van Den, B.W.8
  • 90
    • 0036168326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced N-acetylaspartate levels in the frontal cortex of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) users: Preliminary results
    • Reneman L, Majoie CB, Flick H, den Heeten GJ (2002d) Reduced N-acetylaspartate levels in the frontal cortex of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) users: preliminary results. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:231-237
    • (2002) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.23 , pp. 231-237
    • Reneman, L.1    Majoie, C.B.2    Flick, H.3    Den Heeten, G.J.4
  • 91
    • 33746825174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging findings with MDMA/ecstasy: Technical aspects, conceptual issues and future prospects
    • Reneman L, de Win MM, van den Brink W, Booij J, den Heeten GJ (2006) Neuroimaging findings with MDMA/ecstasy: technical aspects, conceptual issues and future prospects. J Psychopharmacol 20:164-175
    • (2006) J Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 164-175
    • Reneman, L.1    De Win, M.M.2    Van Den Brink, W.3    Booij, J.4    Den Heeten, G.J.5
  • 92
    • 0023902232 scopus 로고
    • Toxic effects of MDMA on central serotonergic neurons in the primate: Importance of route and frequency of drug administration
    • Ricaurte GA, DeLanney LE, Irwin I, Langston JW (1988) Toxic effects of MDMA on central serotonergic neurons in the primate: importance of route and frequency of drug administration. Brain Res 446:165-168
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.446 , pp. 165-168
    • Ricaurte, G.A.1    DeLanney, L.E.2    Irwin, I.3    Langston, J.W.4
  • 93
    • 0033623773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (±)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy')-induced serotonin neurotoxicity: Studies in animals
    • Ricaurte GA, Yuan J, McCann UD (2000) (±)3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy')-induced serotonin neurotoxicity: studies in animals. Neuropsychobiology 42:5-10
    • (2000) Neuropsychobiology , vol.42 , pp. 5-10
    • Ricaurte, G.A.1    Yuan, J.2    McCann, U.D.3
  • 94
    • 33644842104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging in drug and substance abuse Part I: Cocaine, cannabis, and ecstasy
    • Rojas R, Riascos R, Vargas D, Cuellar H, Borne J (2005) Neuroimaging in drug and substance abuse Part I: cocaine, cannabis, and ecstasy. Top Magn Reson Imaging 16:231-238
    • (2005) Top Magn Reson Imaging , vol.16 , pp. 231-238
    • Rojas, R.1    Riascos, R.2    Vargas, D.3    Cuellar, H.4    Borne, J.5
  • 95
    • 0009743529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The new gold standard for diagnosis of clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy?
    • Ross BD, Danielsen ER, Bluml S (1996) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the new gold standard for diagnosis of clinical and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy? Dig Dis 14(Suppl 1):30-39
    • (1996) Dig Dis , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 30-39
    • Ross, B.D.1    Danielsen, E.R.2    Bluml, S.3
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0026701658 scopus 로고
    • Repeated administration of MDMA causes transient down-regulation of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
    • Scheffel U, Lever JR, Stathis M, Ricaurte GA (1992) Repeated administration of MDMA causes transient down-regulation of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. Neuropharmacology 31:881-893
    • (1992) Neuropharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 881-893
    • Scheffel, U.1    Lever, J.R.2    Stathis, M.3    Ricaurte, G.A.4
  • 99
    • 0032168235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA ('ecstasy') consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: A report on 150 patients
    • Schifano F, Di FL, Forza G, Minicuci N, Bricolo R (1998) MDMA ('ecstasy') consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: a report on 150 patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 52:85-90
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.52 , pp. 85-90
    • Schifano, F.1    Di, F.L.2    Forza, G.3    Minicuci, N.4    Bricolo, R.5
  • 100
    • 0037651111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration and localization of neuronal degeneration in the rat forebrain following a single exposure to MDMA
    • Schmued LC (2003) Demonstration and localization of neuronal degeneration in the rat forebrain following a single exposure to MDMA. Brain Res 974:127-133
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.974 , pp. 127-133
    • Schmued, L.C.1
  • 101
    • 2342591298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased intensity of Ecstasy and polydrug usage in the more experienced recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users: A WWW study
    • Scholey AB, Parrott AC, Buchanan T, Heffernan TM, Ling J, Rodgers J (2004) Increased intensity of Ecstasy and polydrug usage in the more experienced recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users: a WWW study. Addict Behav 29:743-752
    • (2004) Addict Behav , vol.29 , pp. 743-752
    • Scholey, A.B.1    Parrott, A.C.2    Buchanan, T.3    Heffernan, T.M.4    Ling, J.5    Rodgers, J.6
  • 102
    • 0032985047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter in the cerebral cortex of MDMA ('ecstasy') users
    • Semple DM, Ebmeier KP, Glabus MF, O'Carroll RE, Johnstone EC (1999) Reduced in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter in the cerebral cortex of MDMA ('ecstasy') users. Br J Psychiatry 175:63-69
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.175 , pp. 63-69
    • Semple, D.M.1    Ebmeier, K.P.2    Glabus, M.F.3    O'Carroll, R.E.4    Johnstone, E.C.5
  • 103
    • 0345059045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple molecular and neuropharmacological effects of MDMA (Ecstasy)
    • Simantov R (2004) Multiple molecular and neuropharmacological effects of MDMA (Ecstasy). Life Sci 74:803-814
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.74 , pp. 803-814
    • Simantov, R.1
  • 105
    • 33745207346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological content of tablets sold as "ecstasy": Results from an online testing service
    • Tanner-Smith EE (2006) Pharmacological content of tablets sold as "ecstasy": results from an online testing service. Drug Alcohol Depend 83(3):247-254
    • (2006) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-254
    • Tanner-Smith, E.E.1
  • 109
    • 0037453204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and their atypical regulation properties
    • Van Oekelen D, Luyten WH, Leysen JE (2003) 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors and their atypical regulation properties. Life Sci 72:2429-2449
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.72 , pp. 2429-2449
    • Van Oekelen, D.1    Luyten, W.H.2    Leysen, J.E.3
  • 110
    • 3042776615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic distribution of serotonin transporters and receptor subtypes in human brain
    • Varnas K, Halldin C, Hall H (2004) Autoradiographic distribution of serotonin transporters and receptor subtypes in human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 22:246-260
    • (2004) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.22 , pp. 246-260
    • Varnas, K.1    Halldin, C.2    Hall, H.3
  • 111
    • 33748944646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA (Ecstasy) and human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters: Implications for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and treatment
    • (Berl)
    • Verrico CD, Miller GM, Madras BK (2005) MDMA (Ecstasy) and human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters: implications for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1-15
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology , pp. 1-15
    • Verrico, C.D.1    Miller, G.M.2    Madras, B.K.3
  • 112
    • 3843081945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration to rats decreases brain tissue serotonin but not serotonin transporter protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein
    • Wang X, Baumann MH, Xu H, Rothman RB (2004) 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration to rats decreases brain tissue serotonin but not serotonin transporter protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Synapse 53:240-248
    • (2004) Synapse , vol.53 , pp. 240-248
    • Wang, X.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Xu, H.3    Rothman, R.B.4
  • 113
    • 23944496418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (±)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration to rats does not decrease levels of the serotonin transporter protein or alter its distribution between endosomes and the plasma membrane
    • Wang X, Baumann MH, Xu H, Morales M, Rothman RB (2005) (±)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration to rats does not decrease levels of the serotonin transporter protein or alter its distribution between endosomes and the plasma membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 314:1002-1012
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.314 , pp. 1002-1012
    • Wang, X.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Xu, H.3    Morales, M.4    Rothman, R.B.5
  • 115
    • 0032517176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin transporters are located on the axons beyond the synaptic junctions: Anatomical and functional evidence
    • Zhou FC, Tao-Cheng JH, Segu L, Patel T, Wang Y (1998) Serotonin transporters are located on the axons beyond the synaptic junctions: anatomical and functional evidence. Brain Res 805:241-254
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.805 , pp. 241-254
    • Zhou, F.C.1    Tao-Cheng, J.H.2    Segu, L.3    Patel, T.4    Wang, Y.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.