메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 73-100

North African dust emissions and transport

Author keywords

atmospheric transport; dust aerosols; dust variability; emission; North Africa; Sahel

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC PLUME; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DUST; RADIATIVE FORCING; TRANSPORT PROCESS;

EID: 33750938298     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (536)

References (172)
  • 1
    • 0026475823 scopus 로고
    • Radiative effects of airborne dust on regional energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere
    • Ackerman S.A., and Chung H. Radiative effects of airborne dust on regional energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere. Journal of Applied Meteorology 31 2 (1992) 223-233
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-233
    • Ackerman, S.A.1    Chung, H.2
  • 2
    • 0031417212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the size distribution of a soil aerosol produced by sandblasting
    • Alfaro S., Gaudichet A., Gomes L., and Maillé M. Modeling the size distribution of a soil aerosol produced by sandblasting. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 D10 (1997) 11,239-11,249
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , Issue.D10
    • Alfaro, S.1    Gaudichet, A.2    Gomes, L.3    Maillé, M.4
  • 5
    • 33144466680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential climatic index for total Saharan dust: the Sun insolation
    • (art. no.-D01103)
    • Alpert P., Barkan J., and Kishcha P. A potential climatic index for total Saharan dust: the Sun insolation. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 111 D1 (2006) (art. no.-D01103)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.111 , Issue.D1
    • Alpert, P.1    Barkan, J.2    Kishcha, P.3
  • 6
    • 77957021876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels
    • Future Climates of the World: A Modelling Perspective. Henderson-Sellers A. (Ed), Elsevier, New York
    • Andreae M.O. Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels. In: Henderson-Sellers A. (Ed). Future Climates of the World: A Modelling Perspective. World Survey of Climatology vol. 16 (1996), Elsevier, New York
    • (1996) World Survey of Climatology , vol.16
    • Andreae, M.O.1
  • 7
    • 0344348953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing frequency of Saharan rains over northeastern Spain and its ecological consequences
    • Avila A., and Penuelas J. Increasing frequency of Saharan rains over northeastern Spain and its ecological consequences. The Science of the Total Environment 228 2-3 (1999) 153-156
    • (1999) The Science of the Total Environment , vol.228 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 153-156
    • Avila, A.1    Penuelas, J.2
  • 8
    • 10844234827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatology of dust sources in North Africa and the Arabian peninsula, based on TOMS data
    • Barkan J., Kutiel H., and Alpert P. Climatology of dust sources in North Africa and the Arabian peninsula, based on TOMS data. Indoor and Built Environment 13 6 (2004) 407-419
    • (2004) Indoor and Built Environment , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 407-419
    • Barkan, J.1    Kutiel, H.2    Alpert, P.3
  • 10
    • 0007562384 scopus 로고
    • Repartition in space and time of dust haze south of the Sahara
    • Bertrand J., Cerf A., and Domergue J.L. Repartition in space and time of dust haze south of the Sahara. WMO 538 (1979) 409-415
    • (1979) WMO , vol.538 , pp. 409-415
    • Bertrand, J.1    Cerf, A.2    Domergue, J.L.3
  • 11
    • 0034015610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic remote sensing of Lake Chad: variability of basin inundation
    • Birkett C.M. Synergistic remote sensing of Lake Chad: variability of basin inundation. Remote Sensing of Environment 72 2 (2000) 218-236
    • (2000) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 218-236
    • Birkett, C.M.1
  • 12
    • 4744339211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust episodes in Hungarian aerosol: elemental signatures and transport trajectories
    • Borbely-Kiss I., Kiss A.Z., Koltay E., Szabo G., and Bozo L. Saharan dust episodes in Hungarian aerosol: elemental signatures and transport trajectories. Journal of Aerosol Science 35 10 (2004) 1205-1224
    • (2004) Journal of Aerosol Science , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 1205-1224
    • Borbely-Kiss, I.1    Kiss, A.Z.2    Koltay, E.3    Szabo, G.4    Bozo, L.5
  • 13
    • 0001856477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust variability over northern Africa and rainfall in the Sahel
    • McLaren S.J., and Kniverton D. (Eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Brooks N., and Legrand M. Dust variability over northern Africa and rainfall in the Sahel. In: McLaren S.J., and Kniverton D. (Eds). Linking Land Surface Change to Climate Change (2000), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1-25
    • (2000) Linking Land Surface Change to Climate Change , pp. 1-25
    • Brooks, N.1    Legrand, M.2
  • 14
    • 0022852736 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles over remote marine regions
    • Buat-Menard P., and Duce R.A. Precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles over remote marine regions. Nature 321 6069 (1986) 508-510
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , Issue.6069 , pp. 508-510
    • Buat-Menard, P.1    Duce, R.A.2
  • 15
    • 0027086524 scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust over France and England, 6-9 March 1991
    • Bücher A., and Dessens J. Saharan dust over France and England, 6-9 March 1991. Journal of Meteorology 17 (1992) 226-233
    • (1992) Journal of Meteorology , vol.17 , pp. 226-233
    • Bücher, A.1    Dessens, J.2
  • 16
    • 0002559831 scopus 로고
    • Origin and Structure of Easterly Waves in Lower Troposphere of North Africa
    • Burpee R.W. Origin and Structure of Easterly Waves in Lower Troposphere of North Africa. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 29 1 (1972) 77-90
    • (1972) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-90
    • Burpee, R.W.1
  • 17
    • 0007530740 scopus 로고
    • Falls of dust rain in Berkshire, March 1991
    • Burt S. Falls of dust rain in Berkshire, March 1991. Weather 46 (1991) 248
    • (1991) Weather , vol.46 , pp. 248
    • Burt, S.1
  • 18
    • 0034809415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of seasonal and interannual variability of soil dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean as inferred by the TOMS AI and AVHRR AOT retrievals
    • Cakmur R.V., Miller R.L., and Tegen I. A comparison of seasonal and interannual variability of soil dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean as inferred by the TOMS AI and AVHRR AOT retrievals. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 106 D16 (2001) 18,287-18,303
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.106 , Issue.D16
    • Cakmur, R.V.1    Miller, R.L.2    Tegen, I.3
  • 19
    • 0034537788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphologic approach for modelling the surface features of arid environments in a model of dust emissions: application to the Sahara desert
    • Callot Y., Marticorena B., and Bergametti G. Geomorphologic approach for modelling the surface features of arid environments in a model of dust emissions: application to the Sahara desert. Geodinamica Acta 13 5 (2000) 245-270
    • (2000) Geodinamica Acta , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 245-270
    • Callot, Y.1    Marticorena, B.2    Bergametti, G.3
  • 21
    • 0037092311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TOMS and METEOSAT satellite records of the variability of Saharan dust transport over the Atlantic during the last two decades (1979-1997)
    • (art. no.-1176)
    • Chiapello I., and Moulin C. TOMS and METEOSAT satellite records of the variability of Saharan dust transport over the Atlantic during the last two decades (1979-1997). Geophysical Research Letters 29 8 (2002) (art. no.-1176)
    • (2002) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.29 , Issue.8
    • Chiapello, I.1    Moulin, C.2
  • 23
    • 27744445845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the long-term variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in both Barbados surface concentrations and large-scale Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness
    • (art. no.-D18S10)
    • Chiapello I., Moulin C., and Prospero J.M. Understanding the long-term variability of African dust transport across the Atlantic as recorded in both Barbados surface concentrations and large-scale Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) optical thickness. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 110 D18 (2005) (art. no.-D18S10)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.110 , Issue.D18
    • Chiapello, I.1    Moulin, C.2    Prospero, J.M.3
  • 25
    • 18744437517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the wind speed threshold for the emission of desert dust using satellite remote sensing in the thermal infrared
    • Chomette O., Legrand M., and Marticorena B. Determination of the wind speed threshold for the emission of desert dust using satellite remote sensing in the thermal infrared. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 104 D24 (1999) 31,207-31,215
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.104 , Issue.D24
    • Chomette, O.1    Legrand, M.2    Marticorena, B.3
  • 26
    • 0035080766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human and natural impacts on the water resources of the Lake Chad basin
    • Coe M.T., and Foley J.A. Human and natural impacts on the water resources of the Lake Chad basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 106 D4 (2001) 3349-3356
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.106 , Issue.D4 , pp. 3349-3356
    • Coe, M.T.1    Foley, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0003086936 scopus 로고
    • Sources, distributions, and flues of mineral aerosols and their relationship to climate
    • Charlson R.J., and Hintzenberg J. (Eds), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Duce R.A. Sources, distributions, and flues of mineral aerosols and their relationship to climate. In: Charlson R.J., and Hintzenberg J. (Eds). Aerosol Forcing of Climate (1995), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 43-72
    • (1995) Aerosol Forcing of Climate , pp. 43-72
    • Duce, R.A.1
  • 34
    • 2142705832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the Saharan air layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity
    • Dunion J.P., and Velden C.S. The impact of the Saharan air layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85 3 (2004) 353-365
    • (2004) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-365
    • Dunion, J.P.1    Velden, C.S.2
  • 35
    • 0029537280 scopus 로고
    • Trajectories for Saharan dust transported to Barbados using Stokess Law to describe gravitational settling
    • Ellis W.G., and Merrill J.T. Trajectories for Saharan dust transported to Barbados using Stokess Law to describe gravitational settling. Journal of Applied Meteorology 34 7 (1995) 1716-1726
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1716-1726
    • Ellis, W.G.1    Merrill, J.T.2
  • 36
    • 0042691707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of dust emissions by vegetation and topographic depressions: an evaluation using dust storm frequency data
    • (art. no.-1294)
    • Engelstaedter S., Kohfeld K.E., Tegen I., and Harrison S.P. Controls of dust emissions by vegetation and topographic depressions: an evaluation using dust storm frequency data. Geophysical Research Letters 30 6 (2003) (art. no.-1294)
    • (2003) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.30 , Issue.6
    • Engelstaedter, S.1    Kohfeld, K.E.2    Tegen, I.3    Harrison, S.P.4
  • 37
    • 0141443013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametrization of the increase of the aeolian erosion threshold wind friction velocity due to soil moisture for arid and semi-arid areas
    • Fecan F., Marticorena B., and Bergametti G. Parametrization of the increase of the aeolian erosion threshold wind friction velocity due to soil moisture for arid and semi-arid areas. Annales Geophysicae 17 (1999) 149-157
    • (1999) Annales Geophysicae , vol.17 , pp. 149-157
    • Fecan, F.1    Marticorena, B.2    Bergametti, G.3
  • 38
    • 33750957395 scopus 로고
    • Threshold wind velocities for raising dust in the western Sahara Desert
    • United States Army Research Laboratory, Army Research Office (contract to University of Miami)
    • Fernandez-Partagas J., Helgren D.M., and Prospero J.M. Threshold wind velocities for raising dust in the western Sahara Desert. ARO Technical Report vol. 19684.3-GS (1986), United States Army Research Laboratory, Army Research Office (contract to University of Miami)
    • (1986) ARO Technical Report , vol.19684
    • Fernandez-Partagas, J.1    Helgren, D.M.2    Prospero, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0142167479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shifts in the Sahara and Sahel: interactions between ecological and climatic systems in northern Africa
    • Foley J.A., Coe M.T., Scheffer M., and Wang G.L. Regime shifts in the Sahara and Sahel: interactions between ecological and climatic systems in northern Africa. Ecosystems 6 6 (2003) 524-539
    • (2003) Ecosystems , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 524-539
    • Foley, J.A.1    Coe, M.T.2    Scheffer, M.3    Wang, G.L.4
  • 40
    • 0000789474 scopus 로고
    • Yellow snow over the Alps and sub-Arctic from dust storm in Africa, March 1991
    • Franzen L.G., Mattson J.O., and Martensson U. Yellow snow over the Alps and sub-Arctic from dust storm in Africa, March 1991. Ambio 23 3 (1994) 233-235
    • (1994) Ambio , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-235
    • Franzen, L.G.1    Mattson, J.O.2    Martensson, U.3
  • 41
    • 0028501571 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of Saharan dust episodes over Tel Aviv, Israel
    • Ganor E. The frequency of Saharan dust episodes over Tel Aviv, Israel. Atmospheric Environment 28 17 (1994) 2867-2871
    • (1994) Atmospheric Environment , vol.28 , Issue.17 , pp. 2867-2871
    • Ganor, E.1
  • 42
    • 0030274175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large silicon-aluminum aerosol plume in central Illinois: North African desert dust?
    • Gatz D.F., and Prospero J.M. A large silicon-aluminum aerosol plume in central Illinois: North African desert dust?. Atmospheric Environment 30 22 (1996) 3789-3799
    • (1996) Atmospheric Environment , vol.30 , Issue.22 , pp. 3789-3799
    • Gatz, D.F.1    Prospero, J.M.2
  • 45
    • 0842284601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation
    • Ginoux P., Prospero J.M., Torres O., and Chin M. Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation. Environmental Modelling & Software 19 2 (2004) 113-128
    • (2004) Environmental Modelling & Software , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-128
    • Ginoux, P.1    Prospero, J.M.2    Torres, O.3    Chin, M.4
  • 46
    • 0000451732 scopus 로고
    • The changing frequency of dust storms through time
    • Goudie A.S., and Middleton N.J. The changing frequency of dust storms through time. Climatic Change 20 3 (1992) 197-225
    • (1992) Climatic Change , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-225
    • Goudie, A.S.1    Middleton, N.J.2
  • 47
    • 0035668419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences
    • Goudie A.S., and Middleton N.J. Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews 56 1-4 (2001) 179-204
    • (2001) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.56 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 179-204
    • Goudie, A.S.1    Middleton, N.J.2
  • 48
    • 0029520247 scopus 로고
    • Transient effects of climate on vegetation dynamics: satellite observations
    • Goward S.N., and Prince S.D. Transient effects of climate on vegetation dynamics: satellite observations. Journal of Biogeography 22 2-3 (1995) 549-564
    • (1995) Journal of Biogeography , vol.22 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 549-564
    • Goward, S.N.1    Prince, S.D.2
  • 49
    • 0001120393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path with droplet size using ISCCP
    • Han Q.Y., Rossow W.B., Chou J., and Welch R.M. Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path with droplet size using ISCCP. Journal of Climate 11 7 (1998) 1516-1528
    • (1998) Journal of Climate , vol.11 , Issue.7 , pp. 1516-1528
    • Han, Q.Y.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Chou, J.3    Welch, R.M.4
  • 50
    • 0034863765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future
    • Harrison S.P., Kohfeld K.E., Roelandt C., and Claquin T. The role of dust in climate changes today, at the last glacial maximum and in the future. Earth-Science Reviews 54 1-3 (2001) 43-80
    • (2001) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.54 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 43-80
    • Harrison, S.P.1    Kohfeld, K.E.2    Roelandt, C.3    Claquin, T.4
  • 52
    • 0034548018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: a review
    • Haywood J., and Boucher O. Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: a review. Reviews of Geophysics 38 4 (2000) 513-543
    • (2000) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 513-543
    • Haywood, J.1    Boucher, O.2
  • 53
    • 0034804173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: a case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data
    • Haywood J.M., Francis P.N., Glew M.D., and Taylor J.P. Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: a case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 106 D16 (2001) 18,417-18,430
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.106 , Issue.D16
    • Haywood, J.M.1    Francis, P.N.2    Glew, M.D.3    Taylor, J.P.4
  • 58
    • 1342310629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative properties and direct effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during Saharan Dust Experiment (SHADE): 2. Terrestrial spectrum
    • (art. no.-8578)
    • Highwood E.J., Haywood J.M., Silverstone M.D., Newman S.M., and Taylor J.P. Radiative properties and direct effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during Saharan Dust Experiment (SHADE): 2. Terrestrial spectrum. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 108 D18 (2003) (art. no.-8578)
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.108 , Issue.D18
    • Highwood, E.J.1    Haywood, J.M.2    Silverstone, M.D.3    Newman, S.M.4    Taylor, J.P.5
  • 63
    • 3643136427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product
    • Husar R.B., Prospero J.M., and Stowe L.L. Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 102 D14 (1997) 16,889-16,909
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.102 , Issue.D14
    • Husar, R.B.1    Prospero, J.M.2    Stowe, L.L.3
  • 64
    • 0141610915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desert aerosol transport in the Mediterranean region as inferred from the TOMS aerosol index
    • (art. no.-4572)
    • Israelevich P.L., Levin Z., Joseph J.H., and Ganor E. Desert aerosol transport in the Mediterranean region as inferred from the TOMS aerosol index. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 107 D21 (2002) (art. no.-4572)
    • (2002) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.107 , Issue.D21
    • Israelevich, P.L.1    Levin, Z.2    Joseph, J.H.3    Ganor, E.4
  • 66
    • 0001373640 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and critical review of the estimated source strength of mineral dust from the Sahara
    • Morales C. (Ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Jaenicke R. Monitoring and critical review of the estimated source strength of mineral dust from the Sahara. In: Morales C. (Ed). Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition (1979), John Wiley & Sons, New York 233-242
    • (1979) Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition , pp. 233-242
    • Jaenicke, R.1
  • 68
    • 0347948324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport
    • Jones C., Mahowald N., and Luo C. The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport. Journal of Climate 16 22 (2003) 3617-3628
    • (2003) Journal of Climate , vol.16 , Issue.22 , pp. 3617-3628
    • Jones, C.1    Mahowald, N.2    Luo, C.3
  • 69
    • 9744273109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of African desert dust intensification of easterly waves
    • (art. no.-L17208)
    • Jones C., Mahowald N., and Luo C. Observational evidence of African desert dust intensification of easterly waves. Geophysical Research Letters 31 17 (2004) (art. no.-L17208)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.17
    • Jones, C.1    Mahowald, N.2    Luo, C.3
  • 70
    • 0003130638 scopus 로고
    • The African dust plume: its characteristics and propagation across West Africa in winter
    • Morales C. (Ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Kalu A.E. The African dust plume: its characteristics and propagation across West Africa in winter. In: Morales C. (Ed). Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition (1979), John Wiley & Sons, New York 95-118
    • (1979) Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition , pp. 95-118
    • Kalu, A.E.1
  • 71
    • 0035870395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground-based remote sensing
    • Kaufman Y.J., Tanre D., Dubovik O., Karnieli A., and Remer L.A. Adsorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground-based remote sensing. Geophysical Research Letters 28 8 (2001) 1479-1482
    • (2001) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 1479-1482
    • Kaufman, Y.J.1    Tanre, D.2    Dubovik, O.3    Karnieli, A.4    Remer, L.A.5
  • 72
    • 0037068444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system
    • Kaufman Y.J., Tanre D., and Boucher O. A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system. Nature 419 6903 (2002) 215-223
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , Issue.6903 , pp. 215-223
    • Kaufman, Y.J.1    Tanre, D.2    Boucher, O.3
  • 73
    • 21444455876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic ocean
    • (art. no.-D10S12)
    • Kaufman Y.J., Koren I., Remer L.A., Tanre D., Ginoux P., and Fan S. Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 110 D10 (2005) (art. no.-D10S12)
    • (2005) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.110 , Issue.D10
    • Kaufman, Y.J.1    Koren, I.2    Remer, L.A.3    Tanre, D.4    Ginoux, P.5    Fan, S.6
  • 74
    • 0034859575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DIRTMAP: the geological record of dust
    • Kohfeld K.E., and Harrison S.P. DIRTMAP: the geological record of dust. Earth-Science Reviews 54 1-3 (2001) 81-114
    • (2001) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.54 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 81-114
    • Kohfeld, K.E.1    Harrison, S.P.2
  • 75
    • 18544399928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct wind measurements of Saharan dust events from Terra and Aqua satellites
    • (art. no.-L06122)
    • Koren I., and Kaufman Y.J. Direct wind measurements of Saharan dust events from Terra and Aqua satellites. Geophysical Research Letters 31 6 (2004) (art. no.-L06122)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.6
    • Koren, I.1    Kaufman, Y.J.2
  • 77
    • 0033978338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean
    • Kubilay N., Nickovic S., Moulin C., and Dulac F. An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean. Atmospheric Environment 34 8 (2000) 1293-1303
    • (2000) Atmospheric Environment , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 1293-1303
    • Kubilay, N.1    Nickovic, S.2    Moulin, C.3    Dulac, F.4
  • 79
    • 0034817439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite detection of dust using the IR imagery of Meteosat, 1. Infrared difference dust index
    • Legrand M., Plana-Fattori A., and N'Doume C. Satellite detection of dust using the IR imagery of Meteosat, 1. Infrared difference dust index. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 106 D16 (2001) 18251-18274
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.106 , Issue.D16 , pp. 18251-18274
    • Legrand, M.1    Plana-Fattori, A.2    N'Doume, C.3
  • 80
    • 0030422519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of desert particles coated with sulfate on rain formation in the eastern Mediterranean
    • Levin Z., Ganor E., and Gladstein V. The effects of desert particles coated with sulfate on rain formation in the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Applied Meteorology 35 9 (1996) 1511-1523
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 1511-1523
    • Levin, Z.1    Ganor, E.2    Gladstein, V.3
  • 81
    • 0026302026 scopus 로고
    • Dust storm frequency in Asia: climatic control and variability
    • Littmann T. Dust storm frequency in Asia: climatic control and variability. International Journal of Climatology 11 4 (1991) 393-412
    • (1991) International Journal of Climatology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 393-412
    • Littmann, T.1
  • 82
    • 0026291715 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall, temperature and dust storm anomalies in the African Sahel
    • Littmann T. Rainfall, temperature and dust storm anomalies in the African Sahel. The Geographical Journal 157 2 (1991) 136-160
    • (1991) The Geographical Journal , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-160
    • Littmann, T.1
  • 83
    • 19244372233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity study of meteorological parameters on mineral aerosol mobilization, transport, and distribution
    • (art. no.-4447)
    • Luo C., Mahowald N.M., and del Corral J. Sensitivity study of meteorological parameters on mineral aerosol mobilization, transport, and distribution. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 108 D15 (2003) (art. no.-4447)
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.108 , Issue.D15
    • Luo, C.1    Mahowald, N.M.2    del Corral, J.3
  • 84
    • 27544470320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust outbreak over southeastern Spain as detected by sun photometer
    • Lyamani H., Olmo F.J., and Alados-Arboledas L. Saharan dust outbreak over southeastern Spain as detected by sun photometer. Atmospheric Environment 39 38 (2005) 7276-7284
    • (2005) Atmospheric Environment , vol.39 , Issue.38 , pp. 7276-7284
    • Lyamani, H.1    Olmo, F.J.2    Alados-Arboledas, L.3
  • 85
    • 18244419157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of TOMS aerosol index to boundary layer height: implications for detection of mineral aerosol sources
    • (art. no.-L03103)
    • Mahowald N.M., and Dufresne J.L. Sensitivity of TOMS aerosol index to boundary layer height: implications for detection of mineral aerosol sources. Geophysical Research Letters 31 3 (2004) (art. no.-L03103)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.3
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Dufresne, J.L.2
  • 87
    • 0032777175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: a comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments
    • Mahowald N.M., Kohfeld K., Hansson M., Balkanski Y., Harrison S.P., Prentice I.C., Schulz M., and Rodhe H. Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: a comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 104 D13 (1999) 15895-15916
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.104 , Issue.D13 , pp. 15895-15916
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Kohfeld, K.2    Hansson, M.3    Balkanski, Y.4    Harrison, S.P.5    Prentice, I.C.6    Schulz, M.7    Rodhe, H.8
  • 90
    • 14544307872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission" by I. Tegen et al
    • (art. no.-L24105)
    • Mahowald N.M., Rivera G.D.R., and Luo C. Comment on "Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission" by I. Tegen et al. Geophysical Research Letters 31 24 (2004) (art. no.-L24105)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.24
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Rivera, G.D.R.2    Luo, C.3
  • 92
    • 0000584411 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme
    • Marticorena B., and Bergametti G. Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 1. Design of a soil-derived dust emission scheme. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 100 D8 (1995) 16,415-16,430
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.100 , Issue.D8
    • Marticorena, B.1    Bergametti, G.2
  • 93
    • 0030183020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-year simulations of seasonal and interannual changes of the Saharan dust emissions
    • Marticorena B., and Bergametti G. Two-year simulations of seasonal and interannual changes of the Saharan dust emissions. Geophysical Research Letters 23 15 (1996) 1921-1924
    • (1996) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.23 , Issue.15 , pp. 1921-1924
    • Marticorena, B.1    Bergametti, G.2
  • 95
    • 0029776562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transport of Saharan dust to southern Europe: a scenario
    • Mattsson J.O., and Nihlen T. The transport of Saharan dust to southern Europe: a scenario. Journal of Arid Environments 32 2 (1996) 111-119
    • (1996) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-119
    • Mattsson, J.O.1    Nihlen, T.2
  • 96
    • 0032128166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia
    • McTainsh G.H., Lynch A.W., and Tews E.K. Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia. Journal of Arid Environments 39 3 (1998) 457-466
    • (1998) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-466
    • McTainsh, G.H.1    Lynch, A.W.2    Tews, E.K.3
  • 97
    • 0021544885 scopus 로고
    • Dust storms in Australia: frequency, distribution and seasonality
    • Middleton N.J. Dust storms in Australia: frequency, distribution and seasonality. Search 15 1-2 (1984) 46-47
    • (1984) Search , vol.15 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 46-47
    • Middleton, N.J.1
  • 98
    • 33750944868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middleton, N.J., 1986a. The geography of dust storms. Unpublished D.Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 101
    • 14744282791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback upon dust emission by dust radiative forcing through the planetary boundary layer
    • (art. no.-D24209)
    • Miller R.L., Perlwitz J., and Tegen I. Feedback upon dust emission by dust radiative forcing through the planetary boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 109 D24 (2004) (art. no.-D24209)
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.109 , Issue.D24
    • Miller, R.L.1    Perlwitz, J.2    Tegen, I.3
  • 102
    • 18344400130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of the control of summer atmospheric transport of African dust over the Atlantic by Sahel sources from TOMS satellites (1979-2000)
    • (art. no.-L02107)
    • Moulin C., and Chiapello I. Evidence of the control of summer atmospheric transport of African dust over the Atlantic by Sahel sources from TOMS satellites (1979-2000). Geophysical Research Letters 31 2 (2004) (art. no.-L02107)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.2
    • Moulin, C.1    Chiapello, I.2
  • 103
    • 0030620135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic oscillation
    • Moulin C., Lambert C.E., Dulac F., and Dayan U. Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic oscillation. Nature 387 6634 (1997) 691-694
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , Issue.6634 , pp. 691-694
    • Moulin, C.1    Lambert, C.E.2    Dulac, F.3    Dayan, U.4
  • 106
    • 0033102436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part I: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology
    • New M., Hulme M., and Jones P. Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part I: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. Journal of Climate 12 3 (1999) 829-856
    • (1999) Journal of Climate , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 829-856
    • New, M.1    Hulme, M.2    Jones, P.3
  • 107
    • 0021561119 scopus 로고
    • African mean wind changes between Sahelian wet and dry periods
    • Newell R.E., and Kidson J.W. African mean wind changes between Sahelian wet and dry periods. Journal of Climatology 4 1 (1984) 27-33
    • (1984) Journal of Climatology , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-33
    • Newell, R.E.1    Kidson, J.W.2
  • 108
    • 0035880382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries
    • Nicholson S.E. Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries. Climate Research 17 2 (2001) 123-144
    • (2001) Climate Research , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-144
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 109
    • 0031720559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: an example from the West African Sahel
    • Nicholson S.E., Tucker C.J., and Ba M.B. Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: an example from the West African Sahel. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79 5 (1998) 815-829
    • (1998) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-829
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Tucker, C.J.2    Ba, M.B.3
  • 111
    • 0031395482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal and seasonal cycles of wind-borne dust over Africa north of the equator
    • N'tchayi Mbourou G.N., Bertrand J.J., and Nicholson S.E. The diurnal and seasonal cycles of wind-borne dust over Africa north of the equator. Journal of Applied Meteorology 36 7 (1997) 868-882
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 868-882
    • N'tchayi Mbourou, G.N.1    Bertrand, J.J.2    Nicholson, S.E.3
  • 112
    • 0026273656 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of a trans-Atlantic Saharan dust outbreak based on satellite and gate data
    • Ott S.T., Ott A., Martin D.W., and Young J.A. Analysis of a trans-Atlantic Saharan dust outbreak based on satellite and gate data. Monthly Weather Review 119 8 (1991) 1832-1850
    • (1991) Monthly Weather Review , vol.119 , Issue.8 , pp. 1832-1850
    • Ott, S.T.1    Ott, A.2    Martin, D.W.3    Young, J.A.4
  • 115
    • 0034814715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive soil dust aerosol model in the GISS GCM 1. Sensitivity of the soil dust cycle to radiative properties of soil dust aerosols
    • Perlwitz J., Tegen I., and Miller R.L. Interactive soil dust aerosol model in the GISS GCM 1. Sensitivity of the soil dust cycle to radiative properties of soil dust aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 106 D16 (2001) 18,167-18,192
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.106 , Issue.D16
    • Perlwitz, J.1    Tegen, I.2    Miller, R.L.3
  • 117
    • 0000093415 scopus 로고
    • Source of particulate matter in the atmosphere
    • Matthews W., Kellog W., and Robinson G.D. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Peterson J.T., and Junge C.E. Source of particulate matter in the atmosphere. In: Matthews W., Kellog W., and Robinson G.D. (Eds). Man's Impact on Climate (1971), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 310-320
    • (1971) Man's Impact on Climate , pp. 310-320
    • Peterson, J.T.1    Junge, C.E.2
  • 118
    • 0002030023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean
    • Ittekkot V., Schaefer P., Honjo S., and Depetris P.J. (Eds), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester
    • Prospero J.M. The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean. In: Ittekkot V., Schaefer P., Honjo S., and Depetris P.J. (Eds). Particle Flux in the Ocean (1996), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 19-52
    • (1996) Particle Flux in the Ocean , pp. 19-52
    • Prospero, J.M.1
  • 119
    • 22644450192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impact of advected African dust on air quality and health in the eastern United States
    • Prospero J.M. Assessing the impact of advected African dust on air quality and health in the eastern United States. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 5 3 (1999) 471-479
    • (1999) Human and Ecological Risk Assessment , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 471-479
    • Prospero, J.M.1
  • 120
    • 0019093125 scopus 로고
    • Saharan air outbreaks over the Tropical North-Atlantic
    • Prospero J.M., and Carlson T.N. Saharan air outbreaks over the Tropical North-Atlantic. Pure and Applied Geophysics 119 3 (1981) 677-691
    • (1981) Pure and Applied Geophysics , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 677-691
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Carlson, T.N.2
  • 121
    • 0242494121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: climate change implications
    • Prospero J.M., and Lamb P.J. African droughts and dust transport to the Caribbean: climate change implications. Science 302 5647 (2003) 1024-1027
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , Issue.5647 , pp. 1024-1027
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Lamb, P.J.2
  • 122
    • 0022826413 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the North African Drought and El-Nino on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds
    • Prospero J.M., and Nees R.T. Impact of the North African Drought and El-Nino on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds. Nature 320 6064 (1986) 735-738
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , Issue.6064 , pp. 735-738
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Nees, R.T.2
  • 123
    • 0036523876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product
    • (art. no.-1002)
    • Prospero J.M., Ginoux P., Torres O., Nicholson S.E., and Gill T.E. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product. Reviews of Geophysics 40 1 (2002) (art. no.-1002)
    • (2002) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.40 , Issue.1
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Ginoux, P.2    Torres, O.3    Nicholson, S.E.4    Gill, T.E.5
  • 124
    • 22844445328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric transport of viable fungi and bacteria from Africa to the Caribbean with soil dust
    • Prospero J.M., Blades E., Mathison G., and Naidu R. Interhemispheric transport of viable fungi and bacteria from Africa to the Caribbean with soil dust. Aerobiologia 21 1 (2005) 1-19
    • (2005) Aerobiologia , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Blades, E.2    Mathison, G.3    Naidu, R.4
  • 125
    • 0033018583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living in a dusty world: airborne dust as a key factor for alpine lakes
    • Psenner R. Living in a dusty world: airborne dust as a key factor for alpine lakes. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 112 3-4 (1999) 217-227
    • (1999) Water, Air and Soil Pollution , vol.112 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 217-227
    • Psenner, R.1
  • 126
    • 9444236702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition in Northwestern Italy: the role of increasing Saharan dust deposition
    • Rogora M., Mosello R., and Marchetto A. Long-term trends in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition in Northwestern Italy: the role of increasing Saharan dust deposition. Tellus. Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology 56 5 (2004) 426-434
    • (2004) Tellus. Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 426-434
    • Rogora, M.1    Mosello, R.2    Marchetto, A.3
  • 129
    • 0141922248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust storms and indirect aerosol effects on clouds: CRYSTAL-FACE results
    • (art. no.-1633)
    • Sassen K., DeMott P.J., Prospero J.M., and Poellot M.R. Saharan dust storms and indirect aerosol effects on clouds: CRYSTAL-FACE results. Geophysical Research Letters 30 12 (2003) (art. no.-1633)
    • (2003) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.30 , Issue.12
    • Sassen, K.1    DeMott, P.J.2    Prospero, J.M.3    Poellot, M.R.4
  • 130
    • 0032531321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooler sea surface west of the Sahara Desert correlated to dust events
    • Schollaert S.E., and Merrill J.T. Cooler sea surface west of the Sahara Desert correlated to dust events. Geophysical Research Letters 25 18 (1998) 3529-3532
    • (1998) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.25 , Issue.18 , pp. 3529-3532
    • Schollaert, S.E.1    Merrill, J.T.2
  • 131
    • 0000361603 scopus 로고
    • Sahara dust transport over the North Atlantic ocean: model calculations and measurements
    • Morales C. (Ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Schuetz L. Sahara dust transport over the North Atlantic ocean: model calculations and measurements. In: Morales C. (Ed). Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition (1979), John Wiley & Sons, New York 267-277
    • (1979) Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition , pp. 267-277
    • Schuetz, L.1
  • 132
    • 0019168592 scopus 로고
    • Long-range transport of desert dust with special emphasis on the Sahara
    • Schütz L. Long-range transport of desert dust with special emphasis on the Sahara. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 338 (1980) 515-532
    • (1980) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.338 , pp. 515-532
    • Schütz, L.1
  • 133
    • 84879654272 scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust transport over the North Atlantic Ocean: model calculations and measurements
    • Péwé T.L. (Ed), Geological Society of America
    • Schütz L., Jaenicke R., and Pietrek H. Saharan dust transport over the North Atlantic Ocean: model calculations and measurements. In: Péwé T.L. (Ed). Desert Dust (1981), Geological Society of America 87-100
    • (1981) Desert Dust , pp. 87-100
    • Schütz, L.1    Jaenicke, R.2    Pietrek, H.3
  • 134
    • 0028989510 scopus 로고
    • A study of an outstanding Saharan dust event at the high-Alpine Site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
    • Schwikowski M., Seibert P., Baltensperger U., and Gaggeler H.W. A study of an outstanding Saharan dust event at the high-Alpine Site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment 29 15 (1995) 1829-1842
    • (1995) Atmospheric Environment , vol.29 , Issue.15 , pp. 1829-1842
    • Schwikowski, M.1    Seibert, P.2    Baltensperger, U.3    Gaggeler, H.W.4
  • 136
    • 0030475915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols
    • Sokolik I.N., and Toon O.B. Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols. Nature 381 6584 (1996) 681-683
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , Issue.6584 , pp. 681-683
    • Sokolik, I.N.1    Toon, O.B.2
  • 138
    • 0034901567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible environmental factors underlying amphibian decline in eastern Puerto Rico: analysis of US government data archives
    • Stallard R.F. Possible environmental factors underlying amphibian decline in eastern Puerto Rico: analysis of US government data archives. Conservation Biology 15 4 (2001) 943-953
    • (2001) Conservation Biology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 943-953
    • Stallard, R.F.1
  • 139
    • 0037284926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes, consequences and control of wind erosion in Sahelian Africa: a review
    • Sterk G. Causes, consequences and control of wind erosion in Sahelian Africa: a review. Land Degradation & Development 14 1 (2003) 95-108
    • (2003) Land Degradation & Development , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-108
    • Sterk, G.1
  • 140
    • 15744397074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate drives the meningitis epidemics onset in West Africa
    • Sultan B., Labadi K., Guegan J.F., and Janicot S. Climate drives the meningitis epidemics onset in West Africa. Plos Medicine 2 1 (2005) 43-49
    • (2005) Plos Medicine , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Sultan, B.1    Labadi, K.2    Guegan, J.F.3    Janicot, S.4
  • 147
    • 0028558088 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: sources, transport, and optical-thickness
    • Tegen I., and Fung I. Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: sources, transport, and optical-thickness. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 99 D11 (1994) 22,897-22,914
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.99 , Issue.D11
    • Tegen, I.1    Fung, I.2
  • 148
    • 0029536205 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land-surface modification
    • Tegen I., and Fung I. Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land-surface modification. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 100 D9 (1995) 18,707-18,726
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.100 , Issue.D9
    • Tegen, I.1    Fung, I.2
  • 149
    • 0029669159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils
    • Tegen I., Lacis A.A., and Fung I. The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature 380 6573 (1996) 419-422
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , Issue.6573 , pp. 419-422
    • Tegen, I.1    Lacis, A.A.2    Fung, I.3
  • 151
    • 2442568660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission
    • (art. no.-L05105)
    • Tegen I., Werner M., Harrison S.P., and Kohfeld K.E. Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission. Geophysical Research Letters 31 5 (2004) (art. no.-L05105)
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31 , Issue.5
    • Tegen, I.1    Werner, M.2    Harrison, S.P.3    Kohfeld, K.E.4
  • 152
    • 0002889929 scopus 로고
    • Sahara dust-fall in Dover, Kent
    • Thomas F.G. Sahara dust-fall in Dover, Kent. Journal of Meteorology 7 (1982) 92-93
    • (1982) Journal of Meteorology , vol.7 , pp. 92-93
    • Thomas, F.G.1
  • 154
    • 0035869797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African easterly wave variability and its relationship to Atlantic tropical cyclone activity
    • Thorncroft C., and Hodges K. African easterly wave variability and its relationship to Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. Journal of Climate 14 6 (2001) 1166-1179
    • (2001) Journal of Climate , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 1166-1179
    • Thorncroft, C.1    Hodges, K.2
  • 155
    • 33750934501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Todd, M.C., Washington, R., Martins, V., Dubovik, O., Lizcano, G., M'Bainayel, S., Engelstaedter, S., in press. Mineral dust emission from the Bodélé depression, Northern Chad, during BodEx 2005. Journal of Geophysical Research.
  • 156
    • 85088335446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term record of aerosol optical depth from TOMS observations and comparison to AERONET measurements
    • Torres O., Bhartia P.K., Herman J.R., Sinyuk A., Ginoux P., and Holben B. A long-term record of aerosol optical depth from TOMS observations and comparison to AERONET measurements. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59 3 (2002) 398-413
    • (2002) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-413
    • Torres, O.1    Bhartia, P.K.2    Herman, J.R.3    Sinyuk, A.4    Ginoux, P.5    Holben, B.6
  • 159
    • 27544488117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodele Depression, Chad: the role of the low level jet
    • (art. no.-L17701)
    • Washington R., and Todd M.C. Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodele Depression, Chad: the role of the low level jet. Geophysical Research Letters 32 17 (2005) (art. no.-L17701)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32 , Issue.17
    • Washington, R.1    Todd, M.C.2
  • 164
    • 27744432476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation of the effect of climate change-induced desertification on mineral dust aerosol
    • (art. no.-L18810)
    • Woodward S., Roberts D., and Betts R. A simulation of the effect of climate change-induced desertification on mineral dust aerosol. Geophysical Research Letters 32 (2005) (art. no.-L18810)
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32
    • Woodward, S.1    Roberts, D.2    Betts, R.3
  • 166
    • 0033785316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of mineral dust particles by cloud processing and subsequent effects on drop size distributions
    • Wurzler S., Reisin T.G., and Levin Z. Modification of mineral dust particles by cloud processing and subsequent effects on drop size distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 105 D4 (2000) 4501-4512
    • (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.105 , Issue.D4 , pp. 4501-4512
    • Wurzler, S.1    Reisin, T.G.2    Levin, Z.3
  • 167
    • 0002402305 scopus 로고
    • East Mediterranean trajectories of dust-carrying storms from the Sahara and Sinai
    • Morales C. (Ed), John Wiley & Sons, New York
    • Yaalon D.H., and Ganor E. East Mediterranean trajectories of dust-carrying storms from the Sahara and Sinai. In: Morales C. (Ed). Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition (1979), John Wiley & Sons, New York 187-193
    • (1979) Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition , pp. 187-193
    • Yaalon, D.H.1    Ganor, E.2
  • 169
    • 0347814598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: description and 1990s dust climatology
    • (art. no.-4416)
    • Zender C.S., Bian H.S., and Newman D. Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: description and 1990s dust climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 108 D14 (2003) (art. no.-4416)
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] , vol.108 , Issue.D14
    • Zender, C.S.1    Bian, H.S.2    Newman, D.3
  • 170
    • 70450081735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets: terminology, constraints, and current estimates
    • Zender C.S., Miller R.L., and Tegen I. Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets: terminology, constraints, and current estimates. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 85 48 (2004) 509-512
    • (2004) EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol.85 , Issue.48 , pp. 509-512
    • Zender, C.S.1    Miller, R.L.2    Tegen, I.3
  • 171
    • 0033584784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction
    • Zeng N., Neelin J.D., Lau K.M., and Tucker C.J. Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction. Science 286 5444 (1999) 1537-1540
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , Issue.5444 , pp. 1537-1540
    • Zeng, N.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Lau, K.M.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 172
    • 1542650829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longwave radiative forcing of Saharan dust aerosols estimated from MODIS, MISR, and CERES observations on Terra
    • (art. no.-2188)
    • Zhang J.L., and Christopher S.A. Longwave radiative forcing of Saharan dust aerosols estimated from MODIS, MISR, and CERES observations on Terra. Geophysical Research Letters 30 23 (2003) (art. no.-2188)
    • (2003) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.30 , Issue.23
    • Zhang, J.L.1    Christopher, S.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.