Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review

Reviews of Geophysics

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 513-543

  Haywood, James ^a   Boucher, Olivier ^b  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^b Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; RADIATIVE FORCING; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0034548018     PISSN: 87551209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999RG000078     Document Type: Review

References (209)

1. Remote sensing aerosols using satellite infrared observations
2. Radiative effects of airborne dust on regional energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere
3. Global concentrations of tropospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosol simulated in a general circulation model
4. Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness
5. Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images
6. Sulfur chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: Description, evaluation, features, and sensitivity to aqueous chemistry
7. Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen
8. GCM estimate of the indirect aerosol forcing using satellite-retrieved cloud effective droplet radii
9. Aircraft can increase cirrus cloudiness
10. General circulation model assessment of the sensitivity of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry
11. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study using two general circulation models
12. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study
13. Estimation of the aerosol perturbation to the Earth's radiative budget over the oceans using POLDER satellite aerosol retrievals
14. Precipitation and radiation modeling in a general circulation model: Introduction of cloud microphysics
15. Intercomparison of models representing direct shortwave radiative forcing by sulfate aerosols
16. An overview of the ACE-2 CloudyColumn Closure Experiment
17. Radiative properties of boundary layer clouds: Droplet effective radius versus number concentration
18. Cloud droplet effective radius from spaceborne polarization measurements
19. Global distribution of cloud droplet radius from POLDER polarization measurements
20. Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean
21. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols
22. Direct climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols: Quantifying the link between sulfate and radiation
23. Anthropogenic and natural contributions to tropospheric sulfate: A global model analysis
24. Climate effects of anthropogenic sulfate: Simulation from a coupled chemistry/climate model
25. An assessment of the radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate
26. Effect of absorbing aerosols on global radiation budget
27. Effect of black carbon on the optical properties and climate forcing of sulfate aerosols
28. Black carbon: Atmospheric concentrations and cloud water content measurements over southern Nova Scotia
29. Black carbon and absorption of solar radiation by clouds
30. Uncertainties in assessing radiative forcing by mineral dust
31. Modeling the mineralogy of atmospheric dust sources
32. Effect of ship-stack effluents on cloud reflectivity
33. A global black carbon model
34. Construction of a 1° x 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model
35. Climate response to radiative forcings by aerosols and greenhouse gases
36. The radiative impact of a simple aerosol climatology on the Hadley Centre atmospheric GCM
37. Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere
38. Characterization of aerosols over the ocean from POLDER/ADEOS-1
39. Single-scattering albedo of smoke retrieved from the sky radiance and solar transmittance measured from ground
40. Measurements of irradiance attenuation and estimation of aerosol single scattering albedo for biomass burning aerosols in Amazonia
41. Aviation-produced aerosols and cloudiness
42. The atmospheric sulfur cycle in ECHAM-4 and its impact on the shortwave radiation
43. Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness over land using the ATSR-2 dual-look satellite radiometer
44. Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, part I, Model description and simulated microphysical processes
45. Aircraft observations and modeling of sky radiance distributions from aerosol during TARFOX
46. Comment on 'A limited-area-model case study of the effects of sub-grid scale variations in relative humidity and cloud upon the direct radiative forcing of sulfate aerosol' by Haywood et al.
47. Smoke: Effects on climate
48. Prediction of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model
49. Competition between sea salt and sulfate particles as cloud condensation nuclei
50. A physically based estimate of radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol
51. Evaluation of aerosol indirect radiative forcing in MIRAGE
52. Validation of the first algorithm applied for deriving the aerosol properties over the ocean using the POLDER/ADEOS measurements
53. Volcanic sulfur emissions: Estimates of source strength and its contribution to the global sulfate distribution
54. Modeling the spectral optical properties of ammonium sulfate and biomass burning aerosols: Parameterization of relative humidity effects and model results
55. Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data
56. Global survey of the relationships of cloud albedo and liquid water path with droplet size using ISCCP
57. Global variation of column droplet concentration in low-level clouds
58. Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
59. Long-term changes of the diurnal temperature cycle: Implications about mechanisms of global climate change
60. The missing climate forcing
61. Radiative forcing and climate response
62. Climate forcings in the industrial era
63. Global sensitivity studies of the direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate and black carbon aerosols
64. The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot on the clear-sky planetary radiation budget
65. Multi-spectral calculations of the radiative forcing of tropospheric sulphate and soot aerosols using a column model
66. General circulation model calculations of the direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate and fossil-fuel soot aerosol
67. A limited-area-model case study of the effects of sub-grid scale variations in relative humidity and cloud upon the direct radiative forcing of sulfate aerosol
68. Reply
69. Tropospheric aerosol climate forcing in clear-sky satellite observations over the oceans
70. Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: A case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using data from the U.K. Meteorological Office C-130
71. Light scattering and cloud condensation nucleus activity of sulfate aerosol measured over the northeastern Atlantic Ocean
72. Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States
73. On the sensitivity of cloud albedo to the partitioning of particulate absorbers in cloudy air
74. Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from NIMBUS-7/TOMS data
75. Remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces including polarization measurements and application to POLDER measurements
76. Comparison of observed and modeled direct aerosol forcing during TARFOX
77. Development of a two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm on global scale using NOAA/AVHRR
78. Direct radiative forcing by smoke from biomass burning
79. AERONET: A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization
80. Atmospheric light absorption-A review
81. Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product
82. Direct climate forcing by biomass-burning aerosols: Impact of correlations between controlling variables
83. Satellite climatology of Saharan dust outbreaks: Method and preliminary results
84. The potential impact of soot from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds
85. Predicting cloud-droplet effective radius and indirect sulphate aerosol forcing using a general circulation model
86. Climate model studies of sulphate aerosols and clouds
87. A climate model study of the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols
88. The indirect effects of anthropogenic sulphate aerosol simulated using a climate model with an interactive sulphur cycle
89. A new perspective on recent global warming: Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature
90. A three-dimensional global model investigation of the seasonal variation in the atmospheric burden of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols
91. Climate models-projections of future climate
92. Satellite sensing of aerosol absorption
93. Control of the effect of smoke particles on clouds and climate by water vapor
94. Effect of Amazon smoke on cloud microphysics and albedo-Analysis from satellite imagery
95. Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
96. The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing
97. Modeling geographical and seasonal forcing due to aerosols
98. Radiative forcing due to sulfate aerosols from simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, Version 3
99. Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS)
100. Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols: Past, present, and future
101. On radiative effects of black carbon and sulphate aerosols
102. Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model
103. Evaluation of sulfate aerosols indirect effect in marine stratocumulus clouds using observation-derived cloud climatology
104. Cloud factor and seasonality of the indirect effect of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols
105. Humidification factors for atmospheric aerosols off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States
106. The effect of atmospheric nitric acid vapor on cloud condensation nucleus activation
107. Changes in cloud properties due to NOx emissions
108. Supercooled cirrus cloud formation modified by nitric acid pollution of the upper troposphere
109. A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle
110. The relationship between cloud droplet number concentrations and anthropogenic pollution: Observations and climatic implications
111. The potential of infrared satellite data for the retrieval of Saharan dust optical depth over Africa
112. Retrieval of atmospheric properties and surface bidirectional reflectances over land from POLDER/ADEOS
113. Sulfate aerosol indirect effect and CO2 greenhouse forcing: Equilibrium response of the LMD GCM and associated cloud feedbacks
114. The effects of desert particles coated with sulfate on rain formation in the eastern Mediterranean
115. The direct radiative effect of smoke aerosols on atmospheric absorption of visible light
116. Effect of clouds on direct radiative forcing of climate
117. Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon content in different environments: Variation of specific attenuation cross-section, σ
118. A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols
119. Impact of sulfate aerosols on albedo and lifetime of clouds: A sensitivity study with the ECHAM4 general circulation model
120. Prediction of the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM general circulation model
121. Tropospheric sulfur cycle in the Canadian general circulation model
122. Indirect effect of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols: A mechanistic treatment
123. Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity
124. Operational detection of contrails from NOAA-AVHRR data
125. The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratiform clouds
126. Sphericity and morphology of smoke particles from biomass burning in Brazil
127. Apportionment of light scattering and hygroscopic growth to aerosol composition
128. Radiative forcing by contrails
129. Climate response to soil dust aerosols
130. Radiative forcing of a tropical direct circulation by soil dust aerosols
131. Global distribution of contrail radiative forcing
132. Modeling phase functions for dustlike tropospheric aerosols using a shape mixture of randomly orientated polydisperse spheroids
133. Long-term daily monitoring of Saharan dust load over ocean using Meteosat ISCCP-B2 data, 1, Methodology and preliminary results for 1983-1994 in the Mediterranean
134. Influence of sea-salt on aerosol radiative properties in the Southern Ocean marine boundary layer
135. Global sensitivity experiments of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols
136. Estimates of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot aerosols
137. A use of two-channel radiances for aerosol characterization from space
138. Early phase analysis of OCTS radiance data for aerosol remote sensing
139. Direct shortwave forcing of climate by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol: Sensitivity to particle size, composition, and relative humidity
140. Cloud condensation nucleus activity of the organic component of biomass smoke particles
141. Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations
142. The effect of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on marine cloud droplet concentrations
143. Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols during TARFOX
144. Coupling sea-salt and sulphate interactions and its impact on cloud droplet concentration predictions
145. Uncertainty analysis of the direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols
146. Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation budget
147. Towards the development of a global inventory for black carbon emissions
148. Quantifying and minimising uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols
149. The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to climate change
150. Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols
151. A three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulfur cycle
152. Sensitivity of direct climate forcing by atmospheric aerosols to aerosol size and composition
153. Precipitation, solar absorption, and albedo susceptibility in marine boundary layer clouds
154. Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentration with the advanced very high resolution radiometer
155. Aerosol modulation of atmospheric and surface solar heating over the tropical Indian Ocean
156. Direct and remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds
157. Climate modeling through radiative-convective models
158. Climate forcing-response relationships for greenhouse and shortwave radiative perturbations
159. The mineral dust aerosol cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum
160. Biomass burning aerosol size distribution and modeled optical properties
161. Principles in remote sensing of aerosol from MODIS over land and ocean
162. Global distribution of sulfate in the troposphere, A three-dimensional model study
163. Avoiding circular logic in climate modeling
164. Simulation of global sulfate distribution and the influence on effective cloud drop radii with a coupled photochemistry-sulfur cycle model
165. TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall
166. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution
167. Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing
168. Indirect forcing by anthropogenic aerosols: A general circulation model calculation of the effective-radius and cloud lifetime effects
169. An overview of the ACE-2 Clear Sky Column Closure Experiment (CLEARCOLUMN)
170. Aerosol-induced radiative flux changes off the United States mid-Atlantic coast: Comparison of values calculated from Sun-photometer and in situ data with those measured by airborne pyranometer
171. A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Indian Ocean Experiment data
172. A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails, part I, Present-day climate
173. Clear-sky closure studies of lower tropospheric aerosol and water vapor during ACE-2 using airborne sunphotometer, airborne in situ, space-borne, and ground-based measurements
174. Effect of black carbon and sulfate aerosols on the global radiation budget
175. Enhanced shortwave cloud radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosols
176. The effects of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: A review of recent developments
177. Radiative forcing of climate change
178. Infrared spectral absorption of nearly invisible cirrus clouds
179. Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols
180. Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths
181. Complex refractive index of atmospheric dust aerosols
182. Modeling the direct radiative characteristics of airborne mineral aerosols at infrared wavelengths
183. Remote sensing of aerosols over Boreal forest and lake water from AVHRR data
184. In situ measurements of enhanced crystal number densities in cirrus clouds caused by aircraft exhaust
185. Temporal and spatial characteristics of Saharan dust outbreaks
186. Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances
187. Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness and size distribution over ocean from the MODIS airborne simulator during TARFOX
188. Measurements of cloud susceptibility
189. Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification
190. Modeling of particle size distribution and its influence on the radiative properties of mineral dust
191. The influence of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils on climate forcing
192. Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results
193. Composition/size of the light-scattering aerosol in the Netherlands
194. Light-absorbing material extracted from cloud droplets and its effect on cloud albedo
195. Pollution and the planetary albedo
196. Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols
197. Nephelometer derived and directly measured aerosol optical depth of the atmospheric boundary layer
198. Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land using two-angle view satellite radiometry during TARFOX
199. Aerosol optical depth retrieval using ATSR-2 and AVHRR data during TARFOX
200. Radiative properties of desert dust and its effect on radiative balance
201. Global retrieval of bidirectional reflectance and albedo over land from EOS MODIS and MISR data: Theory and algorithm
202. Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean
203. Marginal direct climate forcing by atmospheric aerosols
204. Satellite-observed patterns in stratus microphysics, aerosol optical thickness, and shortwave radiative forcing
205. A possible change in cloud radiative forcing due to aircraft exhaust
206. Retrieval of the real part of the refractive index of smoke particles from Sun/sky measurements during SCAR-B