The sodium/hydrogen exchanger: A possible mediator of immunity

Cellular Immunology

Volumn 240, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 69-85

  De Vito, Paolo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Epithelial cells; Immune pathology; Macrophages; Monocytes; Sodium hydrogen exchanger; T cells

Indexed keywords

(3 METHYLSULFONYL 4 PIPERIDINOBENZOYL)GUANIDINE METHANESULFONATE; 2 [2 METHYL 5 METHYLSULFONYL 4 (1 PYRROLYL)BENZOYL]GUANIDINE; 5 (N ETHYL N ISOPROPYL)AMILORIDE; 5 (N,N DIMETHYL)AMILORIDE; [4 [4 (2 FUROYL) 1 PIPERAZINYL] 3 (METHYLSULFONYL)BENZOYL]GUANIDINE; AMILORIDE; AMILORIDE DERIVATIVE; ANTILEUKEMIC AGENT; BAFILOMYCIN; CARIPORIDE; CHEMOKINE; CIMETIDINE; CLONIDINE; CONCANAMYCIN A; CYTOKINE; ENIPORIDE; HARMALINE; HEXAMETHYLENE AMILORIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ANTIBODY; ISOPROTEIN; LEUKOTRIENE B4; N AMINOIMINOMETHYL 1 METHYL 1 H INDOLE 2 CARBOXAMIDE METHANESULFONATE; N ETHYL N PROPYLAMINOAMILORIDE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SM 20220; SODIUM PROTON EXCHANGE PROTEIN; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZONIPORIDE;

ACIDIFICATION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; APOPTOSIS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CANCER; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PH; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOSKELETON; ENTERITIS; EXTRAVASATION; HEART INFARCTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTESTINE CELL; ISCHEMIA; KINETICS; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LUNG ALVEOLUS EPITHELIUM; MACROPHAGE; MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; NEUTROPHIL; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PHAGOSOME; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; HUMANS; LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEUTROPHILS; SODIUM-HYDROGEN ANTIPORTER; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 33748462847     PISSN: 00088749     EISSN: 10902163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.07.001     Document Type: Review

References (189)

1. + exchanger, NHE-1: structure, regulation and cellular action. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 42 (2002) 527-552
2. + antiporters. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1505 (2001) 144-157
3. + exchanger isoform 1. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 37 (2005) 33-37
4. + exchanger in metastasis. Nat. Rev. Cancer 5 (2005) 786-795
5. + exchanger NHE-1 as plasma membrane scaffold in the assembly of signalling complexes. Am. J. Physiol. 287 (2004) C844-C850
6. + exchanger in rat aortic smooth muscle cells: physiopathological implications. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 4315-4324
7. Incerpi S., Rizvi I.S., De Vito P., and Luly P. Insulin stimulation of Na/H antiporter in L-6 cells: different mechanisms in myoblast and myotubes. J. Cell. Physiol. 171 (1997) 235-242
8. + exchanger. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 67 (2005) 411-433
9. + exchanger localized to trans-Golgi network. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 17387-17394
10. + exchanger isoform 6 is found in recycling endosomes of cells, not in mitochondria. Am. J. Physiol. 282 (2002) C1031-C1041
11. Goyal S., Vanden H.G., and Aronson P.S. Renal expression of novel isoform NHE-8. Am. J. Physiol. 284 (2003) F467-F473
12. de Silva M.G., Elliot K., Dahl H.H., Fitzpatrick E., Wilcox S., Delatyeki M., Williamson R., Efron D., Lynch M., and Forrest S. Disruption of a novel member of a sodium/hydrogen exchanger family and DOCK3 is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like phenotype. J. Med. Genet. 40 (2003) 740-773
13. + exchangers. Physiol. Rev. 77 (1997) 51-74
14. + exchanger, NHE-1: lesson from erythrocytes. J. Exp. Zool. Comp. Exp. Biol. 301 (2004) 569-578
15. Lacroix J., Poet M., Machrel C., and Counillon L.A. Mechanism for the activation of the Na/H exchanger NHE-1 by cytoplasmic acidification and mitogens. EMBO Rep. 5 (2004) 91-96
16. + exchangers. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 38 (2003) 547-554
17. Jung O., Albus U., Lang H.J., Busch A.E., and Linz W. Effects of acute and chronic treatment with the sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) inhibitor cariporide on myocardial infarct mass in rabbits with hypercholesterolemia. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 95 (2004) 24-30
18. Palandoken H., By K., Hedge M., Harley W.R., Gorin F.A., and Nantz H. Amiloride peptide conjugates: prodrugs for sodium-proton exchanger inhibition. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312 (2005) 961-967
19. + exchanger. Blood 95 (2000) 1427-1434
20. + exchanger isoform 1. Biochem. J. 379 (2004) 31-38
21. Kleyman T.R., and Cragoe Jr. E.J. Amiloride and its analogues as tools in the study of ion transport. J. Membr. Biol. 105 (1988) 1-21
22. O'Grady S.M., and Lee S.Y. Chloride and potassium channels in alveolar epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 284 (2003) L689-L700
23. + translocation. Mol. Cell 6 (2000) 1425-1436
24. + exchangers. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 976 (2002) 248-258
25. Incerpi S., Scapin S., D'Arezzo S., Spagnolo S., and Leoni S. Short-term effects of thyroid hormone in prenatal development and cell differentiation. Steroid 70 (2005) 434-443
26. + exchanger in the rat myocardium by mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 22985-22992
27. + exchanger isoform-1 kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 206-214
28. + exchanger activation by platelet-derived growth factor in rat hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 116 (1999) 1155-1166
29. Ricci R., Baldini P., Bogetto L., De Vito P., Luly P., Zannetti A., and Incerpi S. Dual modulation of Na/H antiporter by atrial natriuretic factor in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (1997) C643-C652
30. Incerpi S., De Vito P., Luly P., Spagnuolo S., and Leoni S. Short-term effects of thyroid hormones and 3,5-diiodothyronine on membrane transport systems in chick embryo hepatocytes. Endocrinology 143 (2002) 1660-1668
31. Kitamura K., Singer W.D., Cano A., and Miller R.T. Gq alpha and G alpha 13 regulate NHE-1 and intracellular calcium in epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (1995) C101-C110
32. + exchanger activity: signalling and significance. Cardiovasc. Res. 57 (2003) 942-952
33. Pedersen S., Hoffman E.K., Hougaard C., and Lambert I.H. Cell shrinkage is essential in lysophosphatidic acid signalling in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J. Membr. Biol. 173 (2000) 19-29
34. + exchange through distinct Cdc42 and Rho A-dependent pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 6152-6158
35. Zhou H., and Kramer R.M. Integrins engagement differentially modulates epithelial cell motility by RhoA/ROCK and PAK 1. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 10624-10635
36. 2+/calmodulin. Biochemistry 42 (2003) 7178-7187
37. Swallow C.J., Grinstein S., and Rotstein O.D. Regulation and functional significance of cytoplasmic pH in phagocytic leukocytes. In: Grinstein S., and Rotstein O.D. (Eds). Mechanisms of leukocytes activation, Current Topics in Membranes and Transport Vol. 35 (1990), Academic Press, Inc., New York 227-247
38. Swallow C.J., Grinstein S., Sudsbury R.A., and Rotstein O.D. Cytoplasmic pH regulation in monocytes and macrophages: mechanisms and functional implication. Clin. Invest. Med. 14 (1991) 367-378
39. De Coursey T.E., and Cherny V.V. Voltage activated proton currents in human THP-1 monocytes. J. Membr. Biol. 152 (1996) 131-140
40. + exchanger: an update on structure, regulation and cardiac physiology. Biochem. J. 296 (1993) 273-285
41. Ludt J., Sandvig K., and Olsnes S. Rapid increase in pH set-point of the Na (+)-independent chloride/bicarbonato antiporter in cells exposed to heat shock. J. Membr. Biol. 134 (1993) 143-153
42. Lardner A. The effect of extracellular pH on immune function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69 (2001) 522-530
43. + extruders in mammalian alveolar macrophages. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133 (2002) 143-150
44. +-ATPase. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) L681-L688
45. + independent and NEM sensitive. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (1989) C65-C76
46. + exchange in resident alveolar macrophages: activation by osmotic cell shrinkage. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57 (1995) 609-616
47. + ATPase in regulating cytoplasmic pH and function in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Cell. Physiol. 157 (1993) 453-460
48. + exchanger in alveolar macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57 (1995) 600-608
49. Bidani A., Reisner B.S., Haque A.K., Wen J., Helmer R.E., Tuazon D.M., and Heming T.A. Bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages is suppressed by V-ATPase inhibition. Lung 178 (2000) 91-104
50. Bellocq A., Suberville S., Philippe C., Bertrand F., Perez J., Fouqueray B., Cherqui G., and Band L. Low environmental pH is responsible for the induction of nitric-oxide synthase in macrophages. Evidence for involvement of nuclear factor-kB activation. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 5086-5092
51. + exchangers: linking osmotic dysequilibrium to modified cell function. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 11 (2001) 1-18
52. Forsbeck K., Nygren P., Larsson R., Nilsson M., Nilsson K., and Gylfe E. Cytoplasmic pH is differently regulated in the monoblastic U-937 and erythroleukemic K-562 cell lines. Exp. Cell Res. 176 (1988) 96-106
53. Ladoux A., Damais C., Krawice I., Abita J.P., and Frelin C. An increase in intracellular pH is a general response of promonocytic cell to differentiating agents. FEBS Lett. 234 (1988) 353-356
54. + exchange. Immunobiology 207 (2003) 141-148
55. Rada B.K., Geiszt M., Kàldi K., Ti{dotless}̀màr C., and Ligeti E. Dual role of phagocytic NADPH oxidase in bacterial killing. Blood 104 (2004) 2947-2953
56. Cathcart M.K. Regulation of superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase in monocytes/macrophages. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (2004) 23-28
57. + conducting channel. Biochem. J. 251 (1998) 563-567
58. Dieter P. Relationship between intracellular pH changes, activation of protein kinase C and NADPH oxidase in macrophages. FEBS Lett. 298 (1992) 17-20
59. Rubattu S., and Volpe M. The atrial natriuretic peptide: a changing view. J. Hypertens. 19 (2001) 1923-1931
60. Vollmar A.M. The role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the immune system. Peptides 26 (2005) 1086-1094
61. Baldini P.M., De Vito P., Martino A., Fraziano M., Grimaldi C., Luly P., Zalfa F., and Colizzi V. Differential sensitivity of human monocytes and macrophages to ANP: a role of intracellular pH on reactive oxygen species production through the phospholipase involvement. J. Leukoc. Biol. 73 (2003) 502-510
62. Fujiwara N., and Kobayashi K. Macrophages in inflammation. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 4 (2005) 281-286
63. Underhill D.M. Phagosome maturation: steady as she goes. Immunity 23 (2005) 343-344
64. +-ATPase. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 29810-29820
65. Jankowski A., Scott C.C., and Grinstein S. Determinants of the phagosomal pH in neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 6059-6066
66. Harth G., and Horwitz M.A. An inhibitor of exported Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine-synthetase blocks the growth of pathogenic mycobacteria in axenic culture and human monocytes. Extracellular proteins as potential novel drug targets. J. Exp. Med. 189 (1999) 1425-1436
67. Flyn J.L., and Chang J. Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19 (2001) 93-129
68. + "leak". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 24540-24548
69. + exchange activity in phagosomal membrane of human neutrophils. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (1998) 272-285
70. Ciriolo M.R., Palamara T.A., Incerpi S., Lafavia E., Buè C.M., De Vito P., Garaci E., and Rotilio G. Loss of GSH, oxidative stress, and decrease of intracellular pH as sequential steps in viral infection. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 2700-2708
71. Watts T.H. TNF/TNFR family members in costimulation of T cell responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23 (2005) 23-68
72. Lin W.J., and Yeh W.C. Implication of Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor alpha signalling in septic shock. Shock 24 (2005) 206-209
73. Huang Y., Erdmann N., Peng H., Zhao Y., and Zheng J. The role of TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol. Immunol. 2 (2005) 113-122
74. Tonelli L.H., and Postolache T.T. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and major histocompatibility complex molecules in the normal brain and after peripheral immune challenge. Neurol. Res. 27 (2005) 679-684
75. Russo C., and Polosa R. TNF-alpha as a promising therapeutic target in chronic asthma: a lesson from rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Sci. 109 (2005) 135-142
76. Kodoma S., Davis M., and Faustaman D.L. The therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor for autoimmune diseases: a mechanistically based hypotesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54 (2005) 721-728
77. - cotransport in lipopolysaccaride-activated human monocytes. Immunopharmacology 30 (1995) 41-50
78. Langrish C.L., McKenzie B.S., Wilson N.J., de Wall Malifyt R., Kastelein R.A., and Cua D.J. IL-12 and IL-23: master regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol. Rev. 202 (2004) 96-105
79. Baston K.R., Marinho C.R., Barboza R., Russo R., Alvarez J.M., and D'Imperio Lima M.R. What kind of message does IL-12/IL-23 brig to macrophages and dendritic cells?. Microbes Infect. 6 (2004) 630-636
80. Becker C., Wirtz S., and Neurath M.F. Stepwise regulation of TH1 responses in autoimmunity: IL-12-related cytokines and their receptors. Inflam. Bowel Dis. 11 (2005) 755-764
81. Neurath M.F., Fuss I., Kelsall B.L., Stuber E., and Strober W. Antibodies to interleukin 12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice. J. Exp. Med. 182 (1995) 1281-1290
82. Yoon J.W., and Jun H.S. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Am. J. Ther. 12 (2005) 580-591
83. Hung J.T., Liao J.H., Lin Y.C., Chang H.Y., Wu S.F., Chang T.H., King J.T., Hsieh S.L., McDevitt H., and Sytwu H.K. Immunopathogenic role of TH1 cells and autoimmune diabetes: evidences from a T1 and T2 doubly transgenic non-obese diabetic mouse model. J. Autoimmunol. 25 (2005) 181-192
84. Petrovic-Rackov L., and Pejhovic N. Clinical significance of IL-18, IL-15, IL-12 and TNF-alpha measurements in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Rheumatol. 14 (2005) 1-5
85. Orozoco G., Gonzalic-Gay M.A., Paco L., Lopez-Nevot M.A., Guzman M., Pascual-Salcedo D., Bolsa A., and Martin J. IL-12 (IL-12B) and IL-12 receptor (IL-12 RB1) gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis. Hum. Immunol. 66 (2005) 710-715
86. Vairo G., Royston A.K., and Hamilton J.A. Biochemical events accompanying macrophage activation and the inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1-induced macrophages proliferation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. J. Cell. Physiol. 151 (1992) 630-641
87. + exchange by interferon-gamma in enhanced expression of JE and I-A beta genes. Science 244 (1989) 469-471
88. Rolfe M.W., Kunkel S.L., Rowens B., Standford T.J., Cragoe Jr. E.J., and Strieter R.M. Suppression of human alveolar macrophage-derived cytokines by amiloride. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 6 (1992) 576-582
89. + exchanger potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Cell. Physiol. 148 (1991) 96-105
90. + exchange. Eur. J. Biochem. 70 (1987) 201-206
91. Cassatella M.A., Flynn R.M., Amezaga A., Buzzoni F., Vicentini G., and Trincheri G. Interferon gamma induces in human neutrophils and macrophages expression of the mRNA for the high affinity receptor for monomeric IgG (Fc gamma R-I or CD64). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 170 (1990) 582-588
92. + exchange involvement in colony-stimulating factor-1-stimulated macrophage proliferation. Evidence for a requirement during late G1 of the cell cycle but not for early growth factor responses. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 16929-16939
93. + antiporter suppresses IL-12 p40 production by mouse macrophages. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1539 (2001) 233-242
94. Carlos T.M., and Harlan J.M. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood 84 (1994) 2068-2101
95. Segal A.W. How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23 (2005) 197-223
96. + exchange in human neutrophils: mechanism of activation by chemotactic factors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122 (1984) 755-762
97. + ATPase on cell volume, intracellular pH and migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 124 (1998) 627-638
98. Rosengren S., Henson P.M., and Worthen G.S. Migration associated volume changes in neutrophils faciliate the migratory process in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (1994) C1623-C 1632
99. Borregaard N., Schwartz J.H., and Tauber A.I. Proton secretion by stimulated neutrophils. Significance of hexose monophosphate shunt activity as source of electrons and protons for the respiratory burst. J. Clin. Invest. 74 (1984) 455-459
100. Thrasher A.J., Keep N.H., Wientjes F., and Segal A.W. Chronic granulomatous disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1227 (1994) 1-24
101. + exchange activity during phagocytosis in human neutrophils: role of Fcγ receptors and tyrosin kinases. J. Cell Biol. 132 (1996) 1037-1052
102. + exchange. J. Cell. Physiol. 128 (1986) 33-40
103. Demaurex N., Doweney G.P., Wu T.K., and Grinstein S. Intracellular pH regulation during spreading of human neutrophils. J. Cell Biol. 133 (1996) 1391-1402
104. + exchange in human neutrophils. I. Sodium fluxes. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 13237-13247
105. + exchange in human neutrophils. II. Intracellular pH changes. J. Biol. Chem. 260 (1985) 13248-13255
106. Simchowitz L., and Cragoe Jr. J.E. Regulation of human neutrophils chemotaxis by intracellular pH. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 6492-6500
107. Krump E., Pouliot P., Nacchache P.H., and Borgeat P. Leukotriene synthesis in calcium-depleted human neutrophils: arachidonic acid release correlates with calcium influx. Biochem. J. 310 (1995) 681-688
108. 4 by human neutrophils. Biochem. J. 257 (1989) 751-758
109. 4 formation by receptor-mediated activation of human neutrophils. Biochem. Pharmacol. 67 (2004) 385-393
110. Garlichs C.D., Zhang H., Schmeisser A., and Daniel W.G. Priming of superoxide anion in polymorphonuclear neutrophils activation by brain natriuretic peptide. Life Sci. 65 (1999) 1027-1033
111. Biselli R., Farrace S., De Simone C., and Fattorossi A. Potentiation of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation by atrial natriuretic peptide: inhibitory effects of carnitine congeners. Inflammation 20 (1996) 1027-1033
112. Balog T., Marotti T., Abramic M., Beusan-Svoboda I., Sobocanec S., and Hrsak I. Neutrophil neutral endopeptidase variation and its regulation by opiod peptide. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1 (2001) 569-579
113. Mtairag E.M., Houard X., Rais S., Pasquier C., Oudghiri M., Jacob M.P., Meilhach O., and Michel J.B. Pharmacological potentiation of natriuretic peptide limits polymorphonuclear neutrophil-vascular cell interaction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22 (2002) 1824-1831
114. + exchange modulates rat neutrophil mediated tumor cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 51 (1991) 3212-3216
115. Lennartz M.R. Phospholipases and phagocytosis: the role of phospholipid-derived second messengers in phagocytosis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 31 (1999) 415-430
116. + antiporter is blocked. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64 (1998) 98-103
117. Simchowitz L., and Cragoe Jr. E.J. Regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis by intracellular pH. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 6492-6500
118. + exchanger in phospholipase D treated sarcolemmal vesicles. Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) 1179-1184
119. + exchanger activation during shrinkage of human neutrophils. J. Cell. Chem. 272 (1997) 17303-17311
120. Coakley R.J., Taggart C., McElvaney N.G., and O'Neill S.J. Cytosolic pH and the inflammatory microenvironment modulate cell death in human neutrophils after phagocytosis. Blood 100 (2002) 3383-3391
121. Coakley R.J., Taggart C., Canny G., Greally P., O'Neill S.J., and McElvaney N.G. Alterated intracellular pH regulation in neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) L66-L74
122. Serrano C.V., Fraticelli A., Paniccia R., Teti A., Noble B., Corda S., Faraggiani T., Ziegelstein R.C., Zweier J.L., and Capogrossi M.C. pH dependance of neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) C962-C970
123. Trevani A.S., Andonegui G., Giordano M., Lopez D.M., Gamberane R., and Minacci F. Extracellular acidification induces human neutrophil activation. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 4849-4857
124. Simchowitz L. Intracellular pH modulates the generation of superoxide radicals by human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest. 76 (1985) 1079-1089
125. Tapper H. The secretion of preformed granules by macrophages and neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 59 (1996) 613-622
126. Zysk G., Beyo L., Schneider-Wald B.K., Nau R., and Heinz H. Induction of necrosis and apoptosis of neutrophil granulocytes by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 122 (2000) 61-66
127. Watson R.W., Redmond H.P., Wang J.H., and Bouchier-Hayes D. Bacterial ingestion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and heat induce programmed cell death in activated neutrophils. Shock 5 (1996) 47-51
128. Haslett C. Granulocyte apoptosis and its role in the resolution and control of lung inflammation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160 (1999) S5-S11
129. Lee W.L., Harrison R.E., and Grinstein S. Phagocytosis by neutrophils. Microbes Infect. 5 (2003) 1299-1306
130. Segal A.W., Geisow M., Garcia R., Harper A., and Miller R. The respiratory burst of phagocytic cells is associated with a rise in vacuolar pH. Nature 290 (1981) 406-409
131. Fadeel B., and Orrhenius S. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implication in human disease. J. Inter. Med. 258 (2005) 479-517
132. Cho S.G., and Choi E.J. Apoptotic signalling pathways: caspase and stress-activated protein-kinases. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35 (2002) 24-27
133. Yu P.S., Canzoniero L.M., and Choi D.W. Ion homeostasis and apoptosis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13 (2001) 405-411
134. Gossmann D.L., Huc L., and Lecureur V. Alterations of intracellular pH homeostasis in apoptosis: origins and roles. Cell Death Differ. 11 (2004) 953-961
135. Matsuyama S., and Reed J.C. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cellular pH regulation. Cell Death Differ. 7 (2000) 1155-1165
136. Izumi H., Torigoe T., Ishizuchi H., Uramoto H., Yoshida Y., Tanabe M., Ise T., Muratami T., Yoshida T., Nomato M., and Kohno M.K. Cellular pH regulators: potentially promising molecular targets for cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Treat. Rev. 29 (2003) 541-549
137. + antiporter in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Two faces of the same coin-one single nature. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1756 (2005) 1-24
138. + exchanger by CD95 (Fas/Apo-1)-receptor stimulation. Pflugers Arch. 440 (2000) 902-907
139. Gottlieb R.A., Nordberg J., Skowronski E., and Babior B.M. Apoptosis induced in Jurkat cells by several agents is preceded by intracellular acidification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 654-658
140. Liu D., Martino G., Thangaraju M., Sharma M., Halwani F., Shen S.H., Patel Y.C., and Srikant C.B. Caspase-8-mediated intracellular acidification precedes mitochondrial dysfunction in somatostatin-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 9244-9250
141. Marches R., Vitetta E.S., and Uhr J.W. A role of intracellular pH in membrane IgM-mediated cell death of human B lymphomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 3434-3439
142. + antiport. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 3203-3211
143. Fiocchi C. Intestinal inflammation: a complex interplay of immune and nonimmune cell interactions. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (1997) G769-G775
144. Podolsky D.K. Mucosal immunity and inflammation. Innate mechanisms of mucosal defense and repair: the best offense is a good defense. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (1999) G495-G499
145. Papadakis K.A., and Targan S.R. The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in mucosal inflammation. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 6 (2000) 303-313
146. Gordan J.N., Di Sabatino A., and McDonald T.T. The pathophysiologic rationale for biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21 (2005) 431-437
147. Muller T., and Podolsky D.K. Nucleotide-binding-oligomerization domain proteins and toll-like receptors: sensors of the inflammatory bowel diseases' microbial environment. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21 (2005) 419-425
148. + exchanger blockade inhibits enterocytes inflammatory response and protects against colitis. Am. J. Physiol. 283 (2002) G122-G132
149. + exchangers NHE2 and NHE3 in rat intestine and human Caco-2/bbe cells. Am. J. Physiol. 280 (2001) C1224-C1232
150. + exchanger isoform 2 stimulates recovery of barrier function in ischemia-injured intestine, Am. J. Physiol. 2006, doi: 101152/ajpgi.00380.2005.
151. + exchange isoform activities by enteropathogenic E. coli in human intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 287 (2004) G370-G378
152. Lieb J. Lithium and antidepressant: inhibiting eicosanoid, stimulating immunity, and defeating microorganisms. Med. Hypotheses 59 (2002) 429-432
153. Boufidou F., Nikolagou C., Alevizos B., Liappas I.A., and Chrisodonlou G.N. Cytokine production in bipolar affective disorder patients under lithium treatment. J. Affect. Disord. 82 (2004) 309-313
154. Nèmeth Z.H., Deitch E.A., Szabo C., Fekete Z., Hauser C.J., and Hasko G. Lithium induces NF-kB activation and interleukin-8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 7713-7719
155. Parker J.C. Interaction of lithium and protons with the sodium-proton exchanger of dog red blood cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 87 (1986) 189-200
156. Davis B.A., Hogan E.M., and Boron W.F. Activation of Na-H exchange by intracellular lithium in barnacle muscle fibers. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (1992) C246-C256
157. Nèmeth Z.H., Deitch E.A., Szabo C., and Hasko G. Hyperosmotic stress induces nuclear factor-kB activation and interleukin-8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Pathol. 161 (2002) 987-996
158. Schilli R., Breur R.I., Klein F., Dunn K., Gnaedinger A., Bernstein J., Paige M., and Kaufman M. Comparison of the composition of faecal fluid in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colits. Gut 23 (1982) 326-332
159. Nèmeth Z.H., Deitch E.A., Szabo C., and Hasko G. NHE blockade inhibits chemokine production and NF-kB activation in immunostimulated endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 283 (2002) C396-C403
160. Are A.F., Galkin V.E., Pospelova T.V., and Pinaev G.P. The p65/RelA subunit of NF-kB interacts with actin-containing structures. Exp. Cell. Res. 256 (2000) 533-544
161. Zhu P., Rodgers G., and Qwarnstrom E.E. Regulation of interleukin 1 signalling through integrin binding and actin reorganization: disparate effects on NF-kB and stress kinase pathways. Biochem. J. 330 (1998) 975-981
162. Denker S.P., and Barber D.L. Cell migration requires both ion translocation and cytoskeletal anchoring by the Na-H exchanger NHE1. J. Cell Biol. 159 (2002) 1087-1096
163. 2/ROS)-dependent release of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha: evidence of cytokines as oxygen-sensitive mediators in the alveolar epithelium. Cytokine 13 (2001) 138-147
164. Haddad J.J., Land S.C., Saade N.E., and Safieh-Garabediam B. Immunomodulatory potential of thymulin-Zn(2+) in the alveolar epithelium: amelioration of endotoxin-induced cytokine release and partial amplification of cytoprotective IL-10-sensitive pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274 (2000) 500-505
165. Gudmundsson G., and Hunninghake G.W. Respiratory epithelial cells release interleukin-8 in response to a thermophilic bacteria that causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Exp. Lung Res. 25 (1999) 217-228
166. Rolfe M.W., Kunkel S.L., Rowens B., Standiford T.J., Cragoe Jr. E.J., and Strieter R.M. Suppression of human alveolar macrophages-derived cytokines by amiloride. Am. J. Resp. Cell Mol. Biol. 6 (1999) 576-582
167. Mastronarde J.H., Monick M.M., Gross T.J., and Hunninghake G.W. Amiloride inhibits cytokine production in epithelium infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) L201-L207
168. Fukuda N., Jayr C., Lazrak A., Wang Y., Lucas R., Matalon S., and Matthay M.A. Mechanisms of TNF-αstimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport across alveolar epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 280 (2001) L1258-L1265
169. Haddad J.J., and Land S.C. Amiloride blockades lipopolysaccaride-induced cytokine biosynthesis in IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappa B-dependent mechanism. Evidences for the amplification of an anti-inflammatory pathway in the alveolar epithelium. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 26 (2002) 14-126
170. Haddad J.J. Amiloride and regulation of NF-kB: an unsung crosstalk and missing link between fluid dynamics and oxidative stress-related inflammation-controversy or pseudo-controversy?. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327 (2005) 373-381
171. Nilsson J., Hansson G.K., and Shah P.K. Immunomodulation of atheriosclerosis. Implication for vaccine development. Artherioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 (2005) 18-28
172. Zalba G., Beloqui G., San Jose G., Moreno M.U., Fortuno A., and Diez J. NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in subjects free of clinical atherosclerotic disease. Atheroscler. Tromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 (2005) 1452-1457
173. Yorek M.A., and Dunlap J.A. Effect of increased concentration of d-glucose or l-fructose on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Metabolism 51 (2002) 225-234
174. Rattan V., Shen Y., Sultana C., Kumar D., and Karla V.K. Glucose-induced transmigration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1 in cultured endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (1996) E711-E717
175. Griffin E., Re A., Hamel N., Fu C., Bush H., McCaffrey T., and Asch A.S. A link between diabetes and atherosclerosis: glucose regulates expression of CD36 at the level of translation. Nat. Med. 7 (2001) 840-846
176. Hannan K.M., and Little P.J. Mechanisms regulating the vascular smooth muscle Na/H exchanger (NHE-1) in diabetes. Biochem. Cell Biol. 76 (1998) 751-759
177. Koliakos G., Zolota Z., Paletas K., and Kaloyianni M. High glucose concentrations stimulate human monocyte sodium/hydrogen exchanger activity and modulate atherosclerosis-related funtions. Eur. J. Physiol. 449 (2004) 298-306
178. Kaloyianni M., Zolota Z., Paletas K., Tsapas A., and Koliakos G. Cariporide counteract atherosclerosis-related functions in monocytes from obese and normal individuals. Obes. Res. 13 (2005) 1588-1595
179. Suzuki Y., Matsumoto Y., Ikeda Y., Kondo K., Ohashi N., and Unemura K. SM-20220, a Na(+)/H(+) exchanger inhibitor: effects on ischemic brain damage through edema and neutrophil accumulation in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Brain Res. 945 (2002) 242-248
180. Kristo G., Yoshimura Y., Ferraris S.P., Jahania S.A., Mentzer Jr. R.M., and Lasley R.D. The preischemic combination of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger cariporide and the adenosine agonist AMP579 acts additively to reduce porcine myocardial infarct size. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 199 (2004) 586-594
181. + exchange inhibition-induced cardioprotection in dogs: effects on neutrophils versus cardiomyocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 279 (2000) H1563-H1570
182. Bahrami S., Zimmermann K., Szelenyi Z., Hamer J., Scheiflinger F., Redl H., and Junger W.G. Small-volume fluid resuscitation with hypertonic saline prevents inflammation but not hemorrhagic shock. Shock 25 (2006) 283-289
183. Prince J.M., Leuy R.M., Young R., Mollen K.P., Fink M.P., Vedovotz Y., and Billiar T.R. Toll-like-4 signaling mediates hepatic injury and systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic shock. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 202 (2006) 407-417
184. Fujiyoshi N., Deitch E.A., Feketeova E., Qi L., Berezina L.T., Zaets S.B., Sergey B., Machiedo G.W., Gorge W., Xu D.Z., and Haskò G. Amiloride combined with small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline is superior in ameliorating trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury in rats to the administration of either agent alone. Crit. Care Med. 33 (2005) 2592-2598
185. Sepehrdad R., Chander P.N., Oruene A., Rosenfeld L., Levin S., and Stier Jr. C.T. Amiloride reduces stroke and renal injury in strokeprone hypertensive rats. Am. J. Hypertens. 16 (2003) 312-318
186. Harlan J.M., and Winn R.K. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions: clinical trial of anti-adhesion therapy. Crit. Care Med. 30 (2002) S214-S219
187. + conductance. J. Gen. Physiol. 106 (1995) 85-111
188. Yun C.H., Tse C.M., K Nath S., Levine S.A., Brant J.R., and Donowitz M. Mammalian NHE gene family: structure and function studies. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (1995) G1-G11
189. Kellenberg S., and Schild L. Epithelial sodium channel/degenerin family of ion channels: a variety of function for a shared structure. Physiol. Rev. 82 (2002) 735-737