Targeting adiponectin for cardioprotection

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 573-581

  Ouchi, Noriyuki ^a   Shibata, Rei ^a   Walsh, Kenneth ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adiponectin; Anti inflammatory; Cardioprotection; Myocardial infarction

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; ADENYLATE KINASE; ADIPONECTIN; ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1; ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 2; CADHERIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; FATTY ACID; GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; NITRIC OXIDE; PLASMA PROTEIN; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG TARGETING; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME INHIBITION; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART INJURY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART PROTECTION; HEART STRESS; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION INHIBITION; VIRUS MYOCARDITIS;

ADIPONECTIN; CARDIOTONIC AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS;

EID: 33746722024     PISSN: 14728222     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.4.573     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. OUCHI N, KIHARA S, FUNAHASHI T, MATSUZAWA Y, WALSH K: Obesity, adiponectin and vascular inflammatory disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. (2003) 14:561-566.
2. BERG AH, SCHERER PE: Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. (2005) 96:939-949.
3. YANG Q, GRAHAM TE, MODY N et al.: Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Nature (2005) 436:356-362.
4. HU E, LLIANG P, SPIEGELMAN BM: AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:10697-10703.
5. MAEDA K, OKUBO K, SHIMOMURA I et al.: cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (AdiPose most abundant gene transcript 1). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1996) 221:286-289.
6. SCHERER PE, WILLIAMS S, FOGLIANO M, BALDINI G, LODISH HF: A novel serum protein similar to C1q, produced exclusively in adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:26746-26749.
7. ARITA Y, KIHARA S, OUCHI N et al.: Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1999) 257:79-83.
8. SHAPIRO L, SCHERER PE: The crystal structure of a complement-1q family protein suggests an evolutionary link to tumor necrosis factor. Curr. Biol. (1998) 8:335-338.
9. PAJVANI UB, DU X, COMBS TP et al.: Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin. Implications fpr metabolic regulation and bioactivity. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:9073-9085.
10. KISHIDA K, NAGARETANI H, KONDO H et al.: Disturbed secretion of mutant adiponectin associated with the metabolic syndrome. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) 306:286-292.
11. FRUEBIS J, TSAO TS, JAVORSCHI S et al.: Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:2005-2010.
12. YAMAUCHI T, KAMON J, ITO Y et al.: Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature (2003) 423:762-769.
13. HUG C, WANG J, AHMAD NS et al.: T-cadherin is a receptor for hexameric and high-molecular-weight forms of Acrp30/adiponectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2004) 101:10308-10313.
14. CNOP M, HAVEL PJ, UTZSCHNEIDER KM et al.: Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: evidence for independent roles of age and sex. Diabetologia (2003) 46:459-469.
15. HOTTA K, FUNAHASHI T, ARITA Y et al.: Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in Type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2000) 20:1595-1599.
16. LINDSAY RS, FUNAHASHI T, HANSON RL et al.: Adiponectin and development of Type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Lancet (2002) 360:57-58.
17. SPRANGER J, KROKE A, MOHLIG M et al.: Adiponectin and protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet (2003) 361:226-228.
18. SNEHALATHA C, MUKESH B, SIMON M et al.: Plasma adiponectin is an independent predictor of Type 2 diabetes in Asian indians. Diabetes Care (2003) 26:3226-3229.
19. CHOI KM, LEE J, LEE KW et al.: Serum adiponectin concentrations predict the developments of Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in elderly Koreans. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) (2004) 61:75-80.
20. YAMAMOTO Y, HIROSE H, SAITO I, NISHIKAI K, SARUTA T: Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, predicts future insulin resistance: two-year follow-up study in Japanese population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2004) 89:87-90.
21. IWASHIMA Y, KATSUYA T, ISHIKAWA K et al.: Hypoadiponectinemia is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Hypertension (2004) 43:1318-1323.
22. OUCHI N, KIHARA S, FUNAHASHI T et al.: Reciprocal association of C-reactive protein with adiponectin in blood stream and adipose tissue. Circulation (2003) 107:671-674.
23. HONG SJ, PARK CG, SEO HS, OH DJ, RO YM: Associations among plasma adiponectin, hypertension, left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular mass index. Blood Press. (2004) 13:236-242.
24. OUCHI N, KIHARA S, ARITA Y et al.: Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation (1999) 100:2473-2476.
25. KUMADA M, KIHARA S, SUMITSUJI S et al.: Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:85-89.
26. DZIELINSKA Z, JANUSZEWICZ A, WIECEK A et al.: Decreased plasma concentration of a novel anti-inflammatory protein-adiponectin-in hypertensive men with coronary artery disease. Thromb. Res. (2003) 110:365-369.
27. DUNAJSKA K, MILEWICZ A, JEDRZEJUK D et al.: Plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to severity of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men. Endocrine (2004) 25:215-221.
28. NAKAMURA Y, SHIMADA K, FUKUDA D et al.: Implications of plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart (2004) 90:528-533.
29. KOJIMA S, FUNAHASHI T, SAKAMOTO T et al.: The variation of plasma concentrations of a novel, adipocyte derived protein, adiponectin, in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart (2003) 89:667.
30. PISCHON T, GIRMAN CJ, HOTAMISLIGIL GS et al.: Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA (2004) 291:1730-1737.
31. SCHULZE MB, SHAI I, RIMM EB et al.: Adiponectin and future coronary heart disease events among men with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes (2005) 54:534-539.
32. ZOCCALI C, MALLAMACI F, TRIPEPI G et al: Adiponectin, metabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular events among patients with end-stage renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2002) 13:134-141.
33. LINDSAY RS, RESNICK HE, ZHU J et al.: Adiponectin and coronary heart disease: the Strong Heart Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2005) 25:e15-e16.
34. LAWLOR DA, DAVEY SMITH G, EBRAHIM S, THOMPSON C, SATTAR N: Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance, but do not predict future risk of coronary heart disease in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2005) 90:5677-5683.
35. SATTAR N, WANNAMETHEE G, SARWAR N et al.: Adiponectin and coronary heart disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Circulation (2006): In Press.
36. FISHER FF, TRUJILLO ME, HANIF W et al.: Serum high molecular weight complex of adiponectin correlates better with glucose tolerance than total serum adiponectin in Indo-Asian males. Diabetologia (2005) 48:1084-1087.
37. PEAKE PW, KRIKETOS AD, CAMPBELL LV, SHEN Y, CHARLESWORTH JA: The metabolism of isoforms of human adiponectin: studies in human subjects and in experimental animals. Eur. J. Endocrinol. (2005) 153:409-417.
38. PAJVANI UB, HAWKINS M, COMBS TP et al.: Complex distribution, not absolute amount of adiponectin, correlates with thiazolidinedione-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:12152-12162.
39. LARA-CASTRO C, LUO N, WALLACE P, KLEIN RL, GARVEY WT: Adiponectin multimeric complexes and the metabolic syndrome trait cluster. Diabetes (2006) 55:249-259.
40. KOBAYASHI H, OUCHI N, KIHARA S et al.: Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circ. Res. (2004) 94:e27-e31.
41. NAKANO Y, TAJIMA S, YOSHIMI A et al.: A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for high-molecular weight adiponectin. J. Lipid Res. (2006): In Press.
42. MAEDA N, SHIMOMURA I, KISHIDA K et al.: Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30. Nat. Med. (2002) 8:731-737.
43. NAWROCKI AR, RAJALA MW, TOMAS E et al.: Mice lacking adiponectin show decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduced responsiveness to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) 281:2654-2660.
44. KUBOTA N, TERAUCHI Y, YAMAUCHI T et al.: Disruption of adiponectin causes insulin resistance and neointimal formation. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:25863-25866.
45. MA K, CABRERO A, SAHA PK et al.: Increased beta -oxidation but no insulin resistance or glucose intolerance in mice lacking adiponectin. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:34658-34661.
46. BERG AH, COMBS TP, DU X, BROWNLEE M, SCHERER PE: The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat. Med. (2001) 7:947-953.
47. TOMAS E, TSAO TS, SAHA AK et al.: Enhanced muscle fat oxidation and glucose transport by ACRP30 globular domain: acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99:16309-16313.
48. YAMAUCHI T, KAMON J, MINOKOSHI Y et al: Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat. Med. (2002) 8:1288-1295.
49. WU X, MOTOSHIMA H, MAHADEV K et al.: Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in glucose uptake stimulated by the globular domain of adiponectin in primary rat adipocytes. Diabetes (2003) 52:1355-1363.
50. SATOH H, NGUYEN MT, TRUJILLO M et al.: Adenovirus-mediated adiponectin expression augments skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats. Diabetes (2005) 54:1304-1313.
51. COMBS TP, PAJVANI UB, BERG AH et al.: A transgenic mouse with a deletion in the collagenous domain of adiponectin displays elevated circulating adiponectin and improved insulin sensitivity. Endocrinology (2004) 145:367-383.
52. SHIBATA R, OUCHI N, KIHARA S et al.: Adiponectin stimulates angiogenesis in response to tissue ischemia through stimulation of amp-activated protein kinase signaling. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:28670-28674.
53. XI W, SATOH H, KASE H, SUZUKI K, HATTORI Y: Stimulated HSP90 binding to eNOS and activation of the PI3-Akt pathway contribute to globular adiponectin-induced NO production: vasorelaxation in response to globular adiponectin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2005) 332:200-205.
54. OUCHI N, KOBAYASHI H, KIHARA S et al.: Adiponectin stimulates angiogenesis by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling in endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:1304-1309.
55. CHEN H, MONTAGNANI M, FUNAHASHI T, SHIMOMURA I, QUON MJ: Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:45021-45026.
56. HATTORI Y, SUZUKI M, HATTORI S, KASAI K: Globular adiponectin upregulates nitric oxide production in vascular endothelial cells. Diabetologia (2003) 46:1543-1549.
57. MOTOSHIMA H, WU X, MAHADEV K, GOLDSTEIN BJ: Adiponectin suppresses proliferation and superoxide generation and enhances eNOS activity in endothelial cells treated with oxidized LDL. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2004) 315:264-271.
58. LIN LY, LIN CY, SU TC, LIAU CS: Angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells is inhibited by adiponectin through restoration of the association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and heat shock protein 90. FEBS Lett. (2004) 574:106-110.
59. OUCHI N, OHISHI M, KIHARA S et al.: Association of hypoadiponectinemia with impaired vasoreactivity. Hypertension (2003) 42:231-234.
60. YILMAZ MB, BIYIKOGLU SF, AKIN Y et al.: Obesity is associated with impaired coronary collateral vessel development. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (2003) 27:1541-1545.
61. LIND L, LITHELL H: Decreased peripheral blood flow in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome comprising hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Am. Heart J. (1993) 125:1494-1497.
62. STEINBERG HO, CHAKER H, LEAMING R et al.: Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 97:2601-2610.
63. AL SUWAIDI J, HIGANO ST, HOLMES DR Jr. LENNON R, LERMAN A: Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2001) 37:1523-1528.
64. OKAMOTO Y, KIHARA S, OUCHI N et al.: Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation (2002) 106:2767-2770.
65. KOBASHI C, URAKAZE M, KISHIDA M et al.: Adiponectin inhibits endothelial synthesis of interleukin-8. Circ. Res. (2005) 97:1245-1252.
66. OUCHI N, KIHARA S, ARITA Y et al.: Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappaB signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Circulation (2000) 102:1296-1301.
67. OUCHI N, KIHARA S, ARITA Y et al.: Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyre-derived macrophages. Circulation (2001) 103:1057-1063.
68. YOKOTA T, ORITANI K, TAKAHASHI I et al.: Adiponectin, a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, negatively regulates the growth of myelomonocytic progenitors and the functions of macrophages. Blood (2000) 96:1723-1732.
69. KATO H, KASHIWAGI H, SHIRAGA M et al.: Adiponectin acts as an endogenous antithrombotic factor. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2006) 26:224-230.
70. ILERCIL A, DEVEREUX RB, ROMAN MJ et al.: Relationship of impaired glucose tolerance to left ventricular structure and function: The Strong Heart Study. Am. Heart J. (2001) 141:992-998.
71. RUTTER MK, PARISE H, BENJAMIN EJ et al.: Impact of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on cardiac structure and function: sex-related differences in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation (2003) 107:448-454.
72. SHIBATA R, OUCHI N, ITO M et al.: Adiponectin-mediated modulation of hypertrophic signals in the heart. Nat. Med. (2004) 10:1384-1389.
73. LIAO Y, TAKASHIMA S, MAEDA N et al.: Exacerbation of heart failure in adiponectin-deficient mice due to impaired regulation of AMPK and glucose metabolism. Cardiovasc. Res. (2005) 67:705-713.
74. FUJIOKA D, KAWABATA K, SAITO Y et al.: Role of adiponectin receptors in endothelin-induced cellular hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes and their expression in infarcted heart. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. (2006) 290:H2409-H2416.
75. NAGATA D, TAKEDA R, SATA M et al.: AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circulation (2004) 110:444-451.
76. CHAN AY, SOLTYS CL, YOUNG ME, PROUD CG, DYCK JR: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits protein synthesis associated with hypertrophy in the cardiac myocyte. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:32771-32779.
77. PINEIRO R, IGLESIAS MJ, GALLEGO R et al.: Adiponectin is synthesized and secreted by human and murine cardiomyocytes. FEBS Lett (2005) 579:5163-5169.
78. SHIBATA R, SATO K, PIMENTEL DR et al.: Adiponectin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through AMPK- and COX-2-dependent mechanisms. Nat. Med. (2005) 11:1096-1103.
79. TAKAHASHI T, SAVEGUSA S, SUMINO H et al.: Adiponectin replacement therapy attenuates myocardial damage in leptin-deficient mice with viral myocarditis. J. Int. Med. Res. (2005) 33:207-214.
80. LI J, MILLER EJ, NINOMIYA-TSUJI J, RUSSELL RR, 3RD, YOUNG LH: AMP-activated protein kinase activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by increasing recruitment of p38 MAPK to TAB1 in the ischemic heart. Circ. Res. (2005) 97:872-879.
81. RUSSELL RR, 3RD, BERGERON R, SHULMAN GI, YOUNG LH: Translocation of myocardial GLUT-4 and increased glucose uptake through activation of AMPK by AICAR. Am. J. Physiol. (1999) 277:H643-H649.
82. TERAI K, HIRAMOTO Y, MASAKI M et al.: AMP-activated protein kinase protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic injury through attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol. Cell Biol. (2005) 25:9554-9575.
83. RUSSELL RR 3rd, LI J, COVEN DL et al.: AMP-activated protein kinase mediates ischemic glucose uptake and prevents postischemic cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and injury. J. Clin. Invest. (2004) 114:495-503.
84. BOLLI R, SHINMURA K, TANG XL et al.: Discovery of a new function of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2: COX-2 is a cardioprotective protein that alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury and mediates the late phase of preconditioning. Cardiovasc. Res. (2002) 55:506-519.
85. CAMITTA MG, GABEL SA, CHULADA P et al.: Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 knockout mice demonstrate increased cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury but are protected by acute preconditioning. Circulation (2001) 104:2453-2458.
86. XIAO CY, YUHKI K, HARA A et al.: Prostaglandin E2 protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury via its receptor subtype EP4. Circulation (2004) 109:2462-2468.
87. HOHLFELD T, MEYER-KIRCHRATH J, VOGEL YC, SCHROR K: Reduction of infarct size by selective stimulation of prostaglandin EP(3)receptors in the reperfused ischemic pig heart. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. (2000) 32:285-296.
88. ANKER SD, PONIKOWSKI P, VARNEY S et al.: Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure. Lancet (1997) 349:1050-1053.
89. KISTORP C, FABER J, GALATIUS S et al.: Plasma adiponectin, body mass index, and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation (2005) 112:1756-1762.
90. MACLELLAN WR, SCHNEIDER MD: Death by design. Programmed cell death in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ. Res. (1997) 81:137-144.
91. HIROTA H, CHEN J, BETZ UA et al.: Loss of a gp130 cardiac muscle cell survival pathway is a critical event in the onset of heart failure during biomechanical stress. Cell (1999) 97:189-198.
92. WILSON EM, DIWAN A, SPINALE FG, MANN DL: Duality of innate stress responses in cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. (2004) 37:801-811.
93. FRANGOGIANNIS NG, SMITH CW, ENTMAN ML: The inflammatory response in myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc. Res. (2002) 53:31-47.
94. NIAN M, LEE P, KHAPER N, LIU P: Inflammatory cytokines and postmyocardial infarction remodeling. Circ. Res. (2004) 94:1543-1553.
95. LOSORDO DW, VALE PR, SYMES JF et al.: Gene therapy for myocardial angiogenesis: initial clinical results with direct myocardial injection of phVEGF165 as sole therapy for myocardial ischemia. Circulation (1998) 98:2800-2804.
96. LOSORDO DW, VALE PR, ISNER JM: Gene therapy for myocardial angiogenesis. Am. Heart J. (1999) 138:S132-S141.
97. LI Y, TAKEMURA G, KOSAI K et al.: Postinfarction treatment with an adenoviral vector expressing hepatocyte growth factor relieves chronic left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in mice. Circulation (2003) 107:2499-2506.
98. BAUERSACHS J, GALUPPO P, FRACCAROLLO D, CHRIST M, ERTL G: Improvement of left ventricular remodeling and function by hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition with cerivastatin in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation (2001) 104:982-985.
99. IVANOV D, PHILIPPOVA M, ANTROPOVA J et al.: Expression of cell adhesion molecule T-cadherin in the human vasculature. Histochem. Cell Biol. (2001) 115:231-242.
100. LORD E, LEDOUX S, MURPHY BD, BEAUDRY D, PALIN MF: Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in swine. J. Anim. Sci. (2005) 83:565-578.
101. TAKAHASHI T, SAEGUSA S, SUMINO H et al.: Adiponectin, T-cadherin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in damaged cardiomyocytes from autopsy specimens. J. Int. Med. Res. (2005) 33:236-244.
102. TSAO TS, MURREY HE, HUG C, LEE DH, LODISH HF: Oligomerization state-dependent activation of NF-kappa B signaling pathway by adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa (Acrp30). J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:29359-29362.
103. TSAO TS, TOMAS E, MURREY HE et al.: Role of disulfide bonds in Acrp30/ adiponectin structure and signaling specificity. Different oligomers activate different signal transduction pathways. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:50810-50817.
104. WAKI H, YAMAUCHI T, KAMON J et al.: Impaired multimerization of human adiponectin mutants associated with diabetes. Molecular structure and multimer formation of adiponectin. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:40352-40363.
105. ONAY-BESIKCI A, ALTAREJOS JY, LOPASCHUK GD: gAd-globular head domain of adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation in newborn rabbit hearts. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:44320-44326.
106. CHEN MB, MCAINCH AJ, MACAULAY SL et al.: Impaired activation of AMP-kinase and fatty acid oxidation by globular adiponectin in cultured human skeletal muscle of obese Type 2 diabetics. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2005) 90:3665-3672.