Overlapping and distinct transcriptional regulator properties of the GLI1 and GLI2 oncogenes

Genomics

Volumn 87, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 616-632

  Eichberger, Thomas ^a   Sander, Veronika ^a   Schnidar, Harald ^a   Regl, Gerhard ^a   Kasper, Maria ^a   Schmid, Carmen ^a   Plamberger, Sandra ^a   Kaser, Alexandra ^a   Aberger, Fritz ^a   Frischauf, Anna Maria ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

Author keywords

Basal cell carcinoma; GLI target genes; Global expression analysis; Keratinocytes; Transcriptional repression

Indexed keywords

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLI1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLI2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOWN REGULATION; GENE ACTIVATION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC CORRELATION; HAIR FOLLICLE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; KERATINOCYTE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ONCOGENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN CARCINOGENESIS; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALS; CELLS, CULTURED; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HEDGEHOGS; KERATINOCYTES; KRUPPEL-LIKE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

ERINACEIDAE;

EID: 33646111185     PISSN: 08887543     EISSN: 10898646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Ingham P.W., and McMahon A.P. Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. Genes Dev. 15 (2001) 3059-3087
2. Hooper J.E., and Scott M.P. Communicating with Hedgehogs. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6 (2005) 306-317
3. Ruiz i Altaba A., Sanchez P., and Dahmane N. Gli and hedgehog in cancer: tumours, embryos and stem cells. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 361-372
4. Sanchez P., Clement V., and Ruiz i Altaba A. Therapeutic targeting of the Hedgehog-GLI pathway in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 65 (2005) 2990-2992
5. Pasca di Magliano M., and Hebrok M. Hedgehog signalling in cancer formation and maintenance. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 (2003) 903-911
6. Watkins D.N., Berman D.M., and Baylin S.B. Hedgehog signaling: progenitor phenotype in small-cell lung cancer. Cell Cycle 2 (2003) 196-198
7. Stecca B., and Ruiz i Altaba A. Brain as a paradigm of organ growth: Hedgehog-Gli signaling in neural stem cells and brain tumors. J. Neurobiol. 64 (2005) 476-490
8. Nieuwenhuis E., and Hui C.C. Hedgehog signaling and congenital malformations. Clin. Genet. 67 (2005) 193-208
9. Hahn H., et al. Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Cell 85 (1996) 841-851
10. Johnson R.L., et al. Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome. Science 272 (1996) 1668-1671
11. Gailani M.R., et al. The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Nat. Genet. 14 (1996) 78-81
12. Xie J., et al. Activating Smoothened mutations in sporadic basal-cell carcinoma. Nature 391 (1998) 90-92
13. Reifenberger J., et al. Missense mutations in SMOH in sporadic basal cell carcinomas of the skin and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Cancer Res. 58 (1998) 1798-1803
14. Fan H., Oro A.E., Scott M.P., and Khavari P.A. Induction of basal cell carcinoma features in transgenic human skin expressing Sonic Hedgehog. Nat. Med. 3 (1997) 788-792
15. Oro A.E., et al. Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing sonic hedgehog. Science 276 (1997) 817-821
16. Dahmane N., Lee J., Robins P., Heller P., and Ruiz i Altaba A. Activation of the transcription factor Gli1 and the Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in skin tumours. Nature 389 (1997) 876-881
17. Grachtchouk M., et al. Basal cell carcinomas in mice overexpressing Gli2 in skin. Nat. Genet. 24 (2000) 216-217
18. Nilsson M., et al. Induction of basal cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas in mice overexpressing GLI-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 3438-3443
19. Sheng H., et al. Dissecting the oncogenic potential of Gli2: deletion of an NH(2)-terminal fragment alters skin tumor phenotype. Cancer Res. 62 (2002) 5308-5316
20. Oro A.E., and Higgins K. Hair cycle regulation of Hedgehog signal reception. Dev. Biol. 255 (2003) 238-248
21. Park H.L., et al. Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation. Development 127 (2000) 1593-1605
22. Nguyen V., Chokas A.L., Stecca B., and Altaba A.R. Cooperative requirement of the Gli proteins in neurogenesis. Development 132 (2005) 3267-3279
23. Altaba A.R. Gli proteins encode context-dependent positive and negative functions: implications for development and disease. Development 126 (1999) 3205-3216
24. Buttitta L., Mo R., Hui C.C., and Fan C.M. Interplays of Gli2 and Gli3 and their requirement in mediating Shh-dependent sclerotome induction. Development 130 (2003) 6233-6243
25. Motoyama J., et al. Essential function of Gli2 and Gli3 in the formation of lung, trachea and oesophagus. Nat. Genet. 20 (1998) 54-57
26. Mo R., et al. Specific and redundant functions of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development. Development 124 (1997) 113-123
27. Bai C.B., Auerbach W., Lee J.S., Stephen D., and Joyner A.L. Gli2, but not Gli1, is required for initial Shh signaling and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway. Development 129 (2002) 4753-4761
28. Bai C.B., and Joyner A.L. Gli1 can rescue the in vivo function of Gli2. Development 128 (2001) 5161-5172
29. Hynes M., et al. Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1. Neuron 19 (1997) 15-26
30. Sasaki H., Nishizaki Y., Hui C., Nakafuku M., and Kondoh H. Regulation of Gli2 and Gli3 activities by an amino-terminal repression domain: implication of Gli2 and Gli3 as primary mediators of Shh signaling. Development 126 (1999) 3915-3924
31. Ruiz i Altaba A. Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal inductions by Sonic hedgehog. Development 125 (1998) 2203-2212
32. Aza-Blanc P., Lin H.Y., Ruiz i Altaba A., and Kornberg T.B. Expression of the vertebrate Gli proteins in Drosophila reveals a distribution of activator and repressor activities. Development 127 (2000) 4293-4301
33. von Mering C., and Basler K. Distinct and regulated activities of human Gli proteins in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 9 (1999) 1319-1322
34. Roessler E., et al. A previously unidentified amino-terminal domain regulates transcriptional activity of wild-type and disease-associated human GLI2. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 (2005) 2181-2188
35. Ding Q., et al. Diminished Sonic hedgehog signaling and lack of floor plate differentiation in Gli2 mutant mice. Development 125 (1998) 2533-2543
36. Mill P., et al. Sonic hedgehog-dependent activation of Gli2 is essential for embryonic hair follicle development. Genes Dev. 17 (2003) 282-294
37. Hutchin M.E., et al. Sustained Hedgehog signaling is required for basal cell carcinoma proliferation and survival: conditional skin tumorigenesis recapitulates the hair growth cycle. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 214-223
38. Sanchez P., et al. Inhibition of prostate cancer proliferation by interference with SONIC HEDGEHOG-GLI1 signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 12561-12566
39. Ghali L., Wong S.T., Green J., Tidman N., and Quinn A.G. Gli1 protein is expressed in basal cell carcinomas, outer root sheath keratinocytes and a subpopulation of mesenchymal cells in normal human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113 (1999) 595-599
40. Karhadkar S.S., et al. Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis. Nature 431 (2004) 707-712
41. Kimura H., Stephen D., Joyner A., and Curran T. Gli1 is important for medulloblastoma formation in Ptc1(+/-) mice. Oncogene (2005)
42. Boukamp P., et al. Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line. J. Cell Biol. 106 (1988) 761-771
43. Regl G., et al. Human GLI2 and GLI1 are part of a positive feedback mechanism in basal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 21 (2002) 5529-5539
44. Tanimura A., Dan S., and Yoshida M. Cloning of novel isoforms of the human Gli2 oncogene and their activities to enhance tax-dependent transcription of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 genome. J. Virol. 72 (1998) 3958-3964
45. Agren M., Kogerman P., Kleman M.I., Wessling M., and Toftgard R. Expression of the PTCH1 tumor suppressor gene is regulated by alternative promoters and a single functional Gli-binding site. Gene 330 (2004) 101-114
46. Ikram M.S., et al. GLI2 is expressed in normal human epidermis and BCC and induces GLI1 expression by binding to its promoter. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (2004) 1503-1509
47. Dai P., et al. Sonic Hedgehog-induced activation of the Gli1 promoter is mediated by GLI3. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 8143-8152
48. Tusher V.G., Tibshirani R., and Chu G. Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 5116-5121
49. Regl G., et al. Activation of the BCL2 promoter in response to Hedgehog/GLI signal transduction is predominantly mediated by GLI2. Cancer Res. 64 (2004) 7724-7731
50. Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome. Mol. Cell Biol. 10 (1990) 634-642
51. Wang B., Fallon J.F., and Beachy P.A. Hedgehog-regulated processing of Gli3 produces an anterior/posterior repressor gradient in the developing vertebrate limb. Cell 100 (2000) 423-434
52. Persson M., et al. Dorsal-ventral patterning of the spinal cord requires Gli3 transcriptional repressor activity. Genes Dev. 16 (2002) 2865-2878
53. Bai C.B., Stephen D., and Joyner A.L. All mouse ventral spinal cord patterning by hedgehog is Gli dependent and involves an activator function of Gli3. Dev. Cell 6 (2004) 103-115
54. Shin S.H., Kogerman P., Lindstrom E., Toftgard R., and Biesecker L.G. GLI3 mutations in human disorders mimic Drosophila cubitus interruptus protein functions and localization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96 (1999) 2880-2884
55. Litingtung Y., and Chiang C. Specification of ventral neuron types is mediated by an antagonistic interaction between Shh and Gli3. Nat. Neurosci. 3 (2000) 979-985
56. Price M.A., and Kalderon D. Proteolysis of cubitus interruptus in Drosophila requires phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Development 126 (1999) 4331-4339
57. Chen Y., Gallaher N., Goodman R.H., and Smolik S.M. Protein kinase A directly regulates the activity and proteolysis of cubitus interruptus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 (1998) 2349-2354
58. Wang B., Fallon J.F., and Beachy P.A. Hedgehog-regulated processing of Gli3 produces an anterior/posterior repressor gradient in the developing vertebrate limb. Cell 100 (2000) 423-434
59. Mlecnik B., et al. PathwayExplorer: web service for visualizing high-throughput expression data on biological pathways. Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (2005) W633-W637
60. Regl G., et al. The zinc-finger transcription factor GLI2 antagonizes contact inhibition and differentiation of human epidermal cells. Oncogene 23 (2004) 1263-1274
61. Hernando E., et al. Rb inactivation promotes genomic instability by uncoupling cell cycle progression from mitotic control. Nature 430 (2004) 797-802
62. Eichberger T., et al. FOXE1, a new transcriptional target of GLI2 is expressed in human epidermis and basal cell carcinoma. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (2004) 1180-1187
63. Potts W., et al. Cathepsin L-deficient mice exhibit abnormal skin and bone development and show increased resistance to osteoporosis following ovariectomy. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 85 (2004) 85-96
64. Benavides F., et al. Impaired hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling with abnormal epidermal differentiation in nackt mice, a cathepsin L-deficient mutation. Am. J. Pathol. 161 (2002) 693-703
65. Roth W., et al. Cathepsin L deficiency as molecular defect of furless: hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and perturbation of hair follicle cycling. FASEB J. 14 (2000) 2075-2086
66. Frohlich E., Mohrle M., and Klessen C. Cathepsins in basal cell carcinomas: activity, immunoreactivity and mRNA staining of cathepsins B, D, H and L. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 295 (2004) 411-421
67. Botchkarev V.A., et al. Modulation of BMP signaling by noggin is required for induction of the secondary (nontylotrich) hair follicles. J. Invest. Dermatol. 118 (2002) 3-10
68. Botchkarev V.A., and Sharov A.A. BMP signaling in the control of skin development and hair follicle growth. Differentiation 72 (2004) 512-526
69. Li A.G., Koster M.I., and Wang X.J. Roles of TGFbeta signaling in epidermal/appendage development. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 14 (2003) 99-111
70. De Luca A., et al. Pattern of expression of HtrA1 during mouse development. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 52 (2004) 1609-1617
71. Nakamura M., et al. Control of pelage hair follicle development and cycling by complex interactions between follistatin and activin. FASEB J. 17 (2003) 497-499
72. Vinals F., et al. BMP-2 decreases Mash1 stability by increasing Id1 expression. EMBO J. 23 (2004) 3527-3537
73. Hollnagel A., Oehlmann V., Heymer J., Ruther U., and Nordheim A. Id genes are direct targets of bone morphogenetic protein induction in embryonic stem cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 19838-19845
74. Katagiri T., et al. Identification of a BMP-responsive element in Id1, the gene for inhibition of myogenesis. Genes Cells 7 (2002) 949-960
75. Aberger F., et al. Analysis of gene expression using high-density and IFN-gamma-specific low-density cDNA arrays. Genomics 77 (2001) 50-57
76. Martin K.J., et al. High-sensitivity array analysis of gene expression for the early detection of disseminated breast tumor cells in peripheral blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 2646-2651