Insect G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Recent Discoveries and Implications

Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science

Volumn 5-6, Issue , 2005, Pages 143-171

  Park, Y ^a   Adams, M E ^b  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645332181     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-44-451924-6/00091-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (231)

1. Adams M.E., Zitnan D. Identification of ecdysis-triggering hormone in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997, 230:188-191.
2. Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schaffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucl. Acids Res. 1997, 25:3389-3402.
3. Alvarez C.E., Robison K., Gilbert W. Novel Gq alpha isoform is a candidate transducer of rhodopsin signaling in a Drosophila testes-autonomous pacemaker. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93:12278-12282.
4. Andretic R., Hirsh J. Circadian modulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:1873-1878.
5. Angers S., Salahpour A., Bouvier M. Dimerization: an emerging concept for G protein-coupled receptor ontogeny and function. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2002, 42:409-435.
6. Arakawa S., Gocayne J.D., McCombie W.R., Urquhart D.A., Hall L.M., et al. Cloning, localization, and permanent expression of a Drosophila octopamine receptor. Neuron 1990, 4:343-354.
7. Auerswald L., Birgul N., Gäde G., Kreienkamp H.J., Richter D. Structural, functional, and evolutionary characterization of novel members of the allatostatin receptor family from insects. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 282:904-909.
8. Baggerman G., Cerstiaens A., De Loof A., Schoofs L. Peptidomics of the larval Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:40368-40374.
9. Bahner M., Sander P., Paulsen R., Huber A. The visual G protein of fly photoreceptors interacts with the PDZ domain assembled INAD signaling complex via direct binding of activated Galpha(q) to phospholipase cbeta. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:2901-2904.
10. B receptor on an identified insect motor neurone. J. Exp. Biol. 1995, 198:889-894.
11. Baker J.D., Truman J.W. Mutations in the Drosophila glycoprotein hormone receptor, rickets, eliminate neuropeptide-induced tanning and selectively block a stereotyped behavioral program. J. Exp. Biol. 2002, 205:2555-2565.
12. Barak L.S., Ferguson S.S., Zhang J., Caron M.G. A beta-arrestin/green fluorescent protein biosensor for detecting G protein-coupled receptor activation. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:27497-27500.
13. Benton M.J., Ayala F.J. Dating the tree of life. Science 2003, 300:1698-1700.
14. Bertrand L., Parent S., Caron M., Legault M., Joly E., et al. The BRET2/arrestin assay in stable recombinant cells: a platform to screen for compounds that interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS). J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 2002, 22:533-541.
15. Bhanot P., Fish M., Jemison J.A., Nusse R., Nathans J., et al. Frizzled and Dfrizzled-2 function as redundant receptors for Wingless during Drosophila embryonic development. Development 1999, 126:4175-4186.
16. Birgul N., Weise C., Kreienkamp H.J., Richter D. Reverse physiology in Drosophila: identification of a novel allatostatin-like neuropeptide and its cognate receptor structurally related to the mammalian somatostatin/galanin/opioid receptor family. EMBO J. 1999, 18:5892-5900.
17. Blake A.D., Anthony N.M., Chen H.H., Harrison J.B., Nathanson N.M., et al. Drosophila nervous system muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: transient functional expression and localization by immunocytochemistry. Mol. Pharmacol. 1993, 44:716-724.
18. Blenau W., Balfanz S., Baumann A. Amtyr1: characterization of a gene from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain encoding a functional tyramine receptor. J. Neurochem. 2000, 74:900-908.
19. Blenau W., Baumann A. Molecular and pharmacological properties of insect biogenic amine receptors: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2001, 48:13-38.
20. Blenau W., Erber J., Baumann A. Characterization of a dopamine D1 receptor from Apis mellifera: cloning, functional expression, pharmacology, and mRNA localization in the brain. J. Neurochem. 1998, 70:15-23.
21. Bockaert J., Pin J.P. Molecular tinkering of G protein-coupled receptors: an evolutionary success. EMBO J. 1999, 18:1723-1729.
22. Borowsky B., Adham N., Jones K.A., Raddatz R., Artymyshyn R., et al. Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:8966-8971.
23. Bourne H.R. How receptors talk to trimeric G proteins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1997, 9:134-142.
24. Brady A.E., Limbird L.E. G protein-coupled receptor interacting proteins: emerging roles in localization and signal transduction. Cell. Signal. 2002, 14:297-309.
25. Briscoe A.D. Functional diversification of lepidopteran opsins following gene duplication. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2001, 18:2270-2279.
26. Briscoe A.D. Homology modeling suggests a functional role for parallel amino acid substitutions between bee and butterfly red- and green-sensitive opsins. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002, 19:983-986.
27. Briscoe A.D., Chittka L. The evolution of color vision in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2001, 46:471-510.
28. Brody T., Cravchik A. Drosophila melanogaster G protein-coupled receptors. J. Cell Biol. 2000, 150:F83-F88.
29. Cazzamali G., Grimmelikhuijzen C.J. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the first insect FMRFamide receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:12073-12078.
30. Cazzamali G., Saxild N., Grimmelikhuijzen C. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a Drosophila corazonin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 298:31-36.
31. Chen W., Shields T.S., Stork P.J., Cone R.D. A colorimetric assay for measuring activation of Gs- and Gq-coupled signaling pathways. Analyt. Biochem. 1995, 226:349-354.
32. Choi M.Y., Fuerst E.J., Rafaeli A., Jurenka R. Identification of a G protein-coupled receptor for pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide from pheromone glands of the moth Helicoverpa zea. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:9721-9726.
33. Chothia C., Gough J., Vogel C., Teichmann S.A. Evolution of the protein repertoire. Science 2003, 300:1701-1703.
34. Chou W.H., Hall K.J., Wilson D.B., Wideman C.L., Townson S.M., et al. Identification of a novel Drosophila opsin reveals specific patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells. Neuron 1996, 17:1101-1115.
35. Chou W.H., Huber A., Bentrop J., Schulz S., Schwab K., et al. Patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells of Drosophila: evidence for induced and default cell-fate specification. Development 1999, 126:607-616.
36. Civelli O., Nothacker H.P., Saito Y., Wang Z., Lin S.H., et al. Novel neurotransmitters as natural ligands of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends Neurosci. 2001, 24:230-237.
37. Clyne P.J., Warr C.G., Carlson J.R. Candidate taste receptors in Drosophila. Science 2000, 287:1830-1834.
38. Clyne P.J., Warr C.G., Freeman M.R., Lessing D., Kim J., et al. A novel family of divergent seven-transmembrane proteins: candidate odorant receptors in Drosophila. Neuron 1999, 22:327-338.
39. Colas J.F., Launay J.M., Kellermann O., Rosay P., Maroteaux L. Drosophila 5-HT2 serotonin receptor: coexpression with fushi-tarazu during segmentation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92:5441-5445.
40. Colas J.F., Launay J.M., Vonesch J.L., Hickel P., Maroteaux L. Serotonin synchronises convergent extension of ectoderm with morphogenetic gastrulation movements in Drosophila. Mech. Devel. 1999, 87:77-91.
41. Copenhaver P.F., Horgan A.M., Nichols D.C., Rasmussen M.A. Developmental expression of heterotrimeric G proteins in the nervous system of Manduca sexta. J. Neurobiol. 1995, 26:461-484.
42. Cordeaux Y., Hill S.J. Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein-coupled receptors. Neurosignals 2002, 11:45-57.
43. Cordeaux Y., Nickolls S.A., Flood L.A., Graber S.G., Strange P.G. Agonist regulation of D(2) dopamine receptor/G protein interaction: evidence for agonist selection of G protein subtype. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:28667-28675.
44. Cowman A.F., Zuker C.S., Rubin G.M. An opsin gene expressed in only one photoreceptor cell type of the Drosophila eye. Cell 1986, 44:705-710.
45. Cox K.J., Tensen C.P., Van der Schors R.C., Li K.W., van Heerikhuizen H., et al. Cloning, characterization, and expression of a G-protein-coupled receptor from Lymnaea stagnalis and identification of a leucokinin-like peptide, PSFHSWSamide, as its endogenous ligand. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:1197-1205.
46. Dahanukar A., Foster K., van der Goes van Naters W.M., Carlson J.R. A Gr receptor is required for response to the sugar trehalose in taste neurons of Drosophila. Nat. Neurosci. 2001, 4:1182-1186.
47. Darlison M.G., Richter D. Multiple genes for neuropeptides and their receptors: co-evolution and physiology. Trends Neurosci. 1999, 22:81-88.
48. de Sousa S.M., Hoveland L.L., Yarfitz S., Hurley J.B. The Drosophila Go alpha-like G protein gene produces multiple transcripts and is expressed in the nervous system and in ovaries. J. Biol. Chem. 1989, 264:18544-18551.
49. Dixon R.A., Kobilka B.K., Strader D.J., Benovic J.L., Dohlman H.G., et al. Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian beta-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin. Nature 1986, 321:75-79.
50. Dolzer J., Krannich S., Fischer K., Stengl M. Oscillations of the transepithelial potential of moth olfactory sensilla are influenced by octopamine and serotonin. J. Exp. Biol. 2001, 204:2781-2794.
51. Dow J.A.T., Davies S.A. Integrative physiology and functional genomics of epithelial function in a genetic model organism. Physiol. Rev. 2003, 83:687-729.
52. Durocher Y., Perret S., Thibaudeau E., Gaumond M.H., Kamen A., et al. A reporter gene assay for high-throughput screening of G-protein-coupled receptors stably or transiently expressed in HEK293 EBNA cells grown in suspension culture. Analyt. Biochem. 2000, 284:316-326.
53. Ebert P.R., Rowland J.E., Toma D.P. Isolation of seven unique biogenic amine receptor clones from the honey bee by library scanning. Insect Mol. Biol. 1998, 7:151-162.
54. Egerod K., Reynisson E., Hauser F., Cazzamali G., Williamson M., et al. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the first two specific insect myosuppressin receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:9808-9813.
55. Egerod K., Reynisson E., Hauser F., Williamson M., Cazzamali G., et al. Molecular identification of the first insect proctolin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2003, 306:437-442.
56. Eriksen K.K., Hauser F., Schiott M., Pedersen K.M., Sondergaard L., et al. Molecular cloning, genomic organization, developmental regulation, and a knock-out mutant of a novel leu-rich repeats-containing G protein-coupled receptor (DLGR-2) from Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Res. 2000, 10:924-938.
57. Evans P.D. Biogenic amines in the insect nervous system. Adv. Insect Physiol. 1980, 15:317-473.
58. Evans P.D. Molecular tudies on insect octopamine receptors. Comparative Molecular Neurobiology 1993, 286-296. Birkhauser, Basel. Y. Pichon (Ed.).
59. Feany M.B., Quinn W.G. A neuropeptide gene defined by the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac. Science 1995, 268:869-873.
60. Feiler R., Harris W.A., Kirschfeld K., Wehrhahn C., Zuker C.S. Targeted misexpression of a Drosophila opsin gene leads to altered visual function. Nature 1988, 333:737-741.
61. Feng G., Hannan F., Reale V., Hon Y.Y., Kousky C.T., et al. Cloning and functional characterization of a novel dopamine receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:3925-3933.
62. Feng G., Reale V., Chatwin H., Kennedy K., Venard R., et al. Functional characterization of a neuropeptide F-like receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 18:227-238.
63. Filipek S., Teller D.C., Palczewski K., Stenkamp R. The crystallographic model of rhodopsin and its use in studies of other G protein-coupled receptors. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 2003, 32:375-397.
64. Fitches E., Audsley N., Gatehouse J.A., Edwards J.P. Fusion proteins containing neuropeptides as novel insect contol agents: snowdrop lectin delivers fused allatostatin to insect haemolymph following oral ingestion. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2002, 32:1653-1661.
65. Fremion F., Astier M., Zaffran S., Guillen A., Homburger V., et al. The heterotrimeric protein Go is required for the formation of heart epithelium in Drosophila. J. Cell Biol. 1999, 145:1063-1076.
66. Fryxell K.J., Meyerowitz E.M. An opsin gene that is expressed only in the R7 photoreceptor cell of Drosophila. EMBO J. 1987, 6:443-451.
67. Fujii R., Hosoya M., Fukusumi S., Kawamata Y., Habata Y., et al. Identification of neuromedin U as the cognate ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor FM-3. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:21068-21074.
68. Gäde G., Hoffmann K.H., Spring J.H. Hormonal regulation in insects: facts, gaps, and future directions. Physiol. Rev. 1997, 77:963-1032.
69. Garczynski S.F., Brown M.R., Shen P., Murray T.F., Crim J.W. Characterization of a functional neuropeptide F receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Peptides 2002, 23:773-780.
70. Gazi L., Nickolls S.A., Strange P.G. Functional coupling of the human dopamine D(2) receptor with Galpha(i1), Galpha(i2), Galpha(i3) and Galpha(o) G proteins: evidence for agonist regulation of G protein selectivity. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 138:775-786.
71. Goh C.S., Cohen F.E. Co-evolutionary analysis reveals insights into protein-protein interactions. J. Mol. Biol. 2002, 324:177-192.
72. Gomes I., Jordan B.A., Gupta A., Rios C., Trapaidze N., et al. G protein coupled receptor dimerization: implications in modulating receptor function. J. Mol. Med. 2001, 79:226-242.
73. Gotzes F., Balfanz S., Baumann A. Primary structure and functional characterization of a Drosophila dopamine receptor with high homology to human D1/5 receptors. Recept. Channels 1994, 2:131-141.
74. Gotzes F., Baumann A. Functional properties of Drosophila dopamine D1-receptors are not altered by the size of the N-terminus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996, 222:121-126.
75. Guerrero F.D. Transcriptional expression of a putative tachykinin-like peptide receptor gene from stable fly. Peptides 1997, 18:1-5.
76. Ha S.D., Kataoka H., Suzuki A., Kim B.J., Kim H.J., et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for diuretic hormone receptor from Bombyx mori. Mol. Cells 2000, 10:13-17.
77. Han K.A., Millar N.S., Davis R.L. A novel octopamine receptor with preferential expression in Drosophila mushroom bodies. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:3650-3658.
78. Han K.A., Millar N.S., Grotewiel M.S., Davis R.L. DAMB, a novel dopamine receptor expressed specifically in Drosophila mushroom bodies. Neuron 1996, 16:1127-1135.
79. Hannan F., Hall L.M. Temporal and spatial expression patterns of two G-protein coupled receptors in Drosophila melanogaster. Invertebr. Neurosci. 1996, 2:71-83.
80. Hardie R.C., Raghu P. Visual transduction in Drosophila. Nature 2001, 413:186-193.
81. Hauser F., Nothacker H.P., Grimmelikhuijzen C.J. Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and developmental regulation of a novel receptor from Drosophila melanogaster structurally related to members of the thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor family from mammals. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:1002-1010.
82. Hearn M.G., Ren Y., McBride E.W., Reveillaud I., Beinborn M., et al. A Drosophila dopamine 2-like receptor: molecular characterization and identification of multiple alternatively spliced variants. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:14554-14559.
83. Henkel A.W., Sankaranarayanan S. Mechanisms of alpha-latrotoxin action. Cell Tissue Res. 1999, 296:229-233.
84. Hermans E., Challiss R.A. Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem. J. 2001, 359:465-484.
85. Hewes R.S., Taghert P.H. Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Genome Res. 2001, 11:1126-1142.
86. Hill C.A., Fox A.N., Pitts R.J., Kent L.B., Tan P.L., et al. G protein-coupled receptors in Anopheles gambiae. Science 2002, 298:176-178.
87. Hill E.S., Iwano M., Gatellier L., Kanzaki R. Morphology and physiology of the serotonin-immunoreactive putative antennal lobe feedback neuron in the male silkmoth Bombyx mori. Chem. Senses 2002, 27:475-483.
88. Holmes S.P., Barhoumi R., Nachman R.J., Pietrantonio P.V. Functional analysis of a G protein-coupled receptor from the Southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) identifies it as the first arthropod myokinin receptor. Insect Mol. Biol. 2003, 12:27-38.
89. Holmes S.P., He H., Chen A.C., lvie G.W., Pietrantonio P.V. Cloning and transcriptional expression of a leucokinin-like peptide receptor from the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Insect Mol. Biol. 2000, 9:457-465.
90. Horn F., van der Wenden E.M., Oliveira L., IJzerman A.P., Vriend G. Receptors coupling to G proteins: is there a signal behind the sequence?. Proteins 2000, 41:448-459.
91. Howard A.D., Wang R., Pong S.-S., Mellin T.N., Strack A., et al. Identification of receptors for neuromedin U and its role in feeding. Nature 2000, 406:70-74.
92. Huesmann G.R., Cheung C.C., Loi P.K., Lee T.D., Swiderek K.M., et al. Amino acid sequence of CAP-2b, an insect cardioacceleratory peptide from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. FEBS Lett. 1995, 371:311-314.
93. B receptors inhibit dendrodendritic transmission in the rat olfactory bulb. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:2032-2039.
94. Ishimoto H., Matsumoto A., Tanimura T. Molecular identification of a taste receptor gene for trehalose in Drosophila. Science 2000, 289:116-119.
95. Iversen A., Cazzamali G., Williamson M., Hauser F., Grimmelikhuijzen C.J. Molecular identification of the first insect ecdysis triggering hormone receptors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 299:924-931.
96. Jespersen T., Grunnet M., Angelo K., Klaerke D.A., Olesen S.P. Dual-function vector for protein expression in both mammalian cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biotechniques 2002, 32:536-538, 540.
97. Johard H.A., Muren J.E., Nichols R., Larhammar D.S., Nassel D.R. A putative tachykinin receptor in the cockroach brain: molecular cloning and analysis of expression by means of antisera to portions of the receptor protein. Brain Res. 2001, 919:94-105.
98. Johnson E.C., Bohn L.M., Barak L.S., Birse R.T., Nassel D.R., et al. Identification of Drosophila neuropeptide receptors by G protein-coupled receptors-beta-arrestin2 interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:52172-52178.
99. Johnson E.C., Garczynski S.F., Park D., Crim J.W., Nassel D.R., et al. Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor for the neuropeptide proctolin in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:6198-6203.
100. Jones K.A., Borowsky B., Tamm J.A., Craig D.A., Durkin M.M., et al. GABA(B) receptors function as a heteromeric assembly of the subunits GABA(B)R1 and GABA(B)R2. Nature 1998, 396:674-679.
101. Josefsson L.G. Evidence for kinship between diverse G-protein coupled receptors. Gene 1999, 239:333-340.
102. Julius D., MacDermott A.B., Axel R., Jessell T.M. Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the serotonin 1c receptor. Science 1988, 241:558-564.
103. Kaupmann K., Malitschek B., Schuler V., Heid J., Froestl W., et al. GABA(B)-receptor subtypes assemble into functional heteromeric complexes. Nature 1998, 396:683-687.
104. Kenakin T. Differences between natural and recombinant G protein-coupled receptor systems with varying receptor/G protein stoichiometry. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1997, 18:456-464.
105. Kenakin T. A guide to drug discovery: predicting therapeutic value in the lead optimization phase of drug discovery. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 2003, 2:429-438.
106. Kierszenbaum A.L. Epididymal G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR): two hats and a two-piece suit tailored at the GPS motif. Mol. Reprod. Devel. 2003, 64:1-3.
107. Kim J., Carlson J.R. Gene discovery by e-genetics: Drosophila odor and taste receptors. J. Cell Sci. 2002, 115:1107-1112.
108. Kniazeff J., Galvez T., Labesse G., Pin J.P. No ligand binding in the GB2 subunit of the GABA(B) receptor is required for activation and allosteric interaction between the subunits. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:7352-7361.
109. Kofuji P., Davidson N., Lester H.A. Evidence that neuronal G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channels are activated by G beta gamma subunits and function as heteromultimers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92:6542-6546.
110. Kohout T.A., Lefkowitz R.J. Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization. Mol. Pharmacol. 2003, 63:9-18.
111. Kolakowski L.F. GCRDb: a G-protein-coupled receptor database. Recept. Channels 1994, 2:1-7.
112. Kostenis E. Is Galpha16 the optimal tool for fishing ligands of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors?. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2001, 22:560-564.
113. Kreienkamp H.J., Larusson H.J., Witte I., Roeder T., Birgul N., et al. Functional annotation of two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors, Drostar1 and -2, from Drosophila melanogaster and their ligands by reverse pharmacology. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:39937-39943.
114. Kreienkamp H.J., Soltau M., Richter D., Bockers T. Interaction of G-protein-coupled receptors with synaptic scaffolding proteins. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2002, 30:464-468.
115. Krieger J., Raming K., Dewer Y.M., Bette S., Conzelmann S., et al. A divergent gene family encoding candidate olfactory receptors of the moth Heliothis virescens. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2002, 16:619-628.
116. Kubiak T.M., Larsen M.J., Burton K.J., Bannow C.A., Martin R.A., et al. Cloning and functional expression of the first Drosophila melanogaster sulfakinin receptor DSK-R1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 291:313-320.
117. Kubo T., Fukuda K., Mikami A., Maeda A., Takahashi H., et al. Cloning, sequencing and expression of complementary DNA encoding the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Nature 1986, 323:411-416.
118. Kutsukake M., Komatsu A., Yamamoto D., Ishiwa-Chigusa S. A tyramine receptor gene mutation causes a defective olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Gene 2000, 245:31-42.
119. Larsen M.J., Burton K.J., Zantello M.R., Smith V.G., Lowery D.L., et al. Type A allatostatins from Drosophila melanogaster and Diplotera punctata activate two Drosophila allatostatin receptors, DAR-1 and DAR-2, expressed in CHO cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 286:895-901.
120. Le Poul E., Hisada S., Mizuguchi Y., Dupriez V.J., Burgeon E., et al. Adaptation of aequorin functional assay to high throughput screening. J. Biomol. Screen. 2002, 7:57-65.
121. Lee A., Durieux M.E. The use of Xenopus laevis oocytes for the study of G protein-coupled receptors. Identification and Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors 1998, 73-96. Wiley-Liss, New York. K.R. Lynch (Ed.).
122. Lee Y.J., Dobbs M.B., Verardi M.L., Hyde D.R. dgq: a Drosophila gene encoding a visual system-specific G alpha molecule. Neuron 1990, 5:889-898.
123. Lee Y.J., Shah S., Suzuki E., Zars T., O'Day P.M., et al. The Drosophila dgq gene encodes a G alpha protein that mediates phototransduction. Neuron 1994, 13:1143-1157.
124. Lenz C., Williamson M., Grimmelikhuijzen C.J. Molecular cloning and genomic organization of a second probable allatostatin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 273:571-577.
125. Lenz C., Williamson M., Hansen G.N., Grimmelikhuijzen C.J. Identification of four Drosophila allatostatins as the cognate ligands for the Drosophila orphan receptor DAR-2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2001, 286:1117-1122.
126. Li X.J., Wolfgang W., Wu Y.N., North R.A., Forte M. Cloning, heterologous expression and developmental regulation of a Drosophila receptor for tachykinin-like peptides. EMBO J. 1991, 10:3221-3229.
127. Li X.J., Wu Y.N., North R.A., Forte M. Cloning, functional expression, and developmental regulation of a neuropeptide Y receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:9-12.
128. Lim N.F., Dascal N., Labarca C., Davidson N., Lester H.A. A G protein-gated K channel is activated via beta 2-adrenergic receptors and G beta gamma subunits in Xenopus oocytes. J. Gen. Physiol. 1995, 105:421-439.
129. Lin Y.J., Seroude L., Benzer S. Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah. Science 1998, 282:943-946.
130. Liu A.M., Ho M.K., Wong C.S., Chan J.H., Pau A.H., et al. Galpha(16/z) chimeras efficiently link a wide range of G protein-coupled receptors to calcium mobilization. J. Biomol. Screen. 2003, 8:39-49.
131. Masu Y., Nakayama K., Tamaki H., Harada Y., Kuno M., et al. cDNA cloning of bovine substance-K receptor through oocyte expression system. Nature 1987, 329:836-838.
132. Matsumoto S., Kitamura A., Nagasawa H., Kataoka H., Orikasa C., et al. Functional diversity of a neurohormone produced by the subesophageal ganglion: molecular identity of melanization and reddish coloration hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide. J. Insect Physiol. 1990, 36:427-432.
133. Maxwell G.D., Tait J.F., Hildebrand J.G. Regional synthesis of neurotransmitter candidates in the CNS of the moth Manduca sexta. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 1978, 61:109-119.
134. McBride E.W., Reveillaud I., Ren Y., Kopin A.S. Molecular cloning, genomic organization and expression of a Drosophila cholecystokinin-like receptor. Annu. Drosophila Res. Conf. 2001, 42:432C.
135. Meeusen T., Mertens I., Clynen E., Baggerman G., Nichols R., et al. Identification in Drosophila melanogaster of the invertebrate G protein-coupled FMRFamide receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:15363-15368.
136. Mertens I., Meeusen T., Huybrechts R., De Loof A., Schoofs L. Characterization of the short neuropeptide F receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 297:1140-1148.
137. Mezler M., Muller T., Raming K. Cloning and functional expression of GABA(B) receptors from Drosophila. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 13:477-486.
138. Moller S., Vilo J., Croning M.D. Prediction of the coupling specificity of G protein coupled receptors to their G proteins. Bioinformatics 2001, 17:S174-S181.
139. Monnier D., Colas J.F., Rosay P., Hen R., Borrelli E., et al. NKD, a developmentally regulated tachykinin receptor in Drosophila. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:1298-1302.
140. Montell C. Visual transduction in Drosophila. Annu. Rev. Cell Devel. Biol. 1999, 15:231-268.
141. Morris A.J., Malbon C.C. Physiological regulation of G protein-linked signaling. Physiol. Rev. 1999, 79:1373-1430.
142. Morris H.R., Panico M., Karplus A., Lloyd P.E., Riniker B. Elucidation by FAB-MS of the structure of a new cardioactive peptide in Aplysia. Nature 1982, 300:643-645.
143. Nachman R.J., Strey A., Isaac E., Pryor N., Lopez J.D., et al. Enhanced in vivo activity of peptidase-resistant analogs of the insect kinin neuropeptide family. Peptides 2002, 23:735-745.
144. Nachman R.J., Teal P.E., Strey A. Enhanced oral availability/pheromonotropic activity of peptidase-resistant topical amphiphilic analogs of pyrokinin/PBAN insect neuropeptides. Peptides 2002, 23:2035-2043.
145. Nachman R.J., Teal P.E., Ujvary I. Comparative topical pheromonotropic activity of insect pyrokinin/PBAN amphiphilic analogs incorporating different fatty and/or cholic acid components. Peptides 2001, 22:279-285.
146. Nassel D.R. Neuropeptides in the nervous system of Drosophila and other insects: multiple roles as neuromodulators and neurohormones. Prog. Neurobiol. 2002, 68:1-84.
147. Neves S.R., Ram P.T., Iyengar R. G protein pathways. Science 2002, 296:1636-1639.
148. Nishi S., Hsu S.Y., Zell K., Hsueh A.J. Characterization of two fly LGR (leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptor) proteins homologous to vertebrate glycoprotein hormone receptors: constitutive activation of wild-type fly LGR1 but not LGR2 in transfected mammalian cells. Endocrinology 2000, 141:4081-4090.
149. Noguchi H., Hayakawa Y. Dopamine is a key factor for the induction of egg diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Eur. J. Biochem. 2001, 268:774-780.
150. O'Tousa J.E., Baehr W., Martin R.L., Hirsh J., Pak W.L., et al. The Drosophila ninaE gene encodes an opsin. Cell 1985, 40:839-850.
151. Obosi L.A., Schuette D.G., Europe-Finner G.N., Beadle D.J., Hen R., et al. Functional characterisation of the Drosophila 5-HTdro1 and 5-HTdro2B serotonin receptors in insect cells: activation of a G(alpha)s-like protein by 5-HTdro1 but lack of coupling to inhibitory G-proteins by 5-HTdro2B. FEBS Lett. 1996, 381:233-236.
152. Orchard I., Jan-Marino R., ALange A.B. A multifunctional role for octopamine in locust flight. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1993, 38:227-249.
153. Palczewski K., Kumasaka T., Hori T., Behnke C.A., Motoshima H., et al. Crystal structure of rhodopsin: a G protein-coupled receptor. Science 2000, 289:739-745.
154. Park Y., Kim Y.J., Adams M.E. Identification of G protein-coupled receptors for Drosophila PRXamide peptides, CCAP, corazonin, and AKH supports a theory of ligand-receptor coevolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:11423-11428.
155. Park Y., Kim Y.J., Dupriez V., Adams M.E. Two subtypes of ecdysis triggering hormone receptor in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:17710-17715.
156. Park Y., Zitnan D., Gill S.S., Adams M.E. Molecular cloning and biological activity of ecdysis-triggering hormones in Drosophila melanogaster. FEBS Lett. 1999, 463:133-138.
157. Parks S., Wieschaus E. The Drosophila gastrulation gene concertina encodes a G alpha-like protein. Cell 1991, 64:447-458.
158. Parmentier M.L., Joly C., Restituito S., Bockaert J., Grau Y., et al. The G protein-coupling profile of metabotropic glutamate receptors, as determined with exogenous G proteins, is independent of their ligand recognition domain. Mol. Pharmacol. 1998, 53:778-786.
159. Parmentier M.L., Pin J.P., Bockaert J., Grau Y. Cloning and functional expression of a Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor expressed in the embryonic CNS. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:6687-6694.
160. Peleg S., Varon D., Ivanina T., Dessauer C.W., Dascal N. G(alpha)(i) controls the gating of the G protein-activated K(+) channel, GIRK. Neuron 2002, 33:87-99.
161. Pierce K.L., Lefkowitz R.J. Classical and new roles of beta-arrestins in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2:727-733.
162. Pietrantonio P.V., Jagge C., McDowell C. Cloning and expression analysis of a 5HT7-like serotonin receptor cDNA from mosquito Aedes aegypti female excretory and respiratory systems. Insect Mol. Biol. 2001, 10:357-369.
163. Poels J., Suner M.M., Needham M., Torfs H., De Rijck J., et al. Functional expression of a locust tyramine receptor in murine erythroleukaemia cells. Insect Mol. Biol. 2001, 10:541-548.
164. Pophof B. Octopamine modulates the sensitivity of silkmoth pheromone receptor neurons. J. Comp. Physiol. A 2000, 186:307-313.
165. Quan F., Wolfgang W.J., Forte M. A Drosophila G-protein alpha subunit, Gf alpha, expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted pattern during Drosophila development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90:4236-4240.
166. Radford J.C., Davies S.A., Dow J.A. Systematic G-protein-coupled receptor analysis in Drosophila melanogaster identifies a leucokinin receptor with novel roles. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:38810-38817.
167. Raina A.K., Jaffe H., Kempe T.G., Keim P., Blacher R.W., et al. Identification of a neuropeptide hormone that regulates sex pheromone production in female moths. Science 1989, 244:796-798.
168. Ratnaparkhi A., Banerjee S., Hasan G. Altered levels of Gq activity modulate axonal pathfinding in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:4499-4508.
169. Ray K., Ganguly R. Organization and expression of the Drosophila melanogaster D-G gamma 1 gene encoding the G-protein gamma subunit. Gene 1994, 148:315-319.
170. Raymond V., Hamon A., Grau Y., Lapied B. DmGluRA, a Drosophila metabotropic glutamate receptor, activates G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci. Lett. 1999, 269:1-4.
171. Reagan J.D. Expression cloning of an insect diuretic hormone receptor, a member of the calcitonin/secretin receptor family. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:9-12.
172. Reagan J.D. Functional expression of a diuretic hormone receptor in baculovirus-infected insect cells: evidence suggesting that the N-terminal region of diuretic hormone is associated with receptor activation. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1995, 25:535-539.
173. Reagan J.D. Molecular cloning and function expression of a diuretic hormone receptor from the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1996, 26:1-6.
174. Reale V., Hannan F., Hall L.M., Evans P.D. Agonist-specific coupling of a cloned Drosophila melanogaster D1-like dopamine receptor to multiple second messenger pathways by synthetic agonists. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:6545-6553.
175. Reuveny E., Slesinger P.A., Inglese J., Morales J.M., Iniguez-Lluhi J.A., et al. Activation of the cloned muscarinic potassium channel by G protein beta gamma subunits. Nature 1994, 370:143-146.
176. Ridley M. Evolution 1993, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
177. Riehle M.A., Garczynski S.F., Crim J.W., Hill C.A., Brown M.R. Neuropeptides and peptide hormones in Anopheles gambiae. Science 2002, 298:172-175.
178. Robb S., Cheek T.R., Hannan F.L., Hall L.M., Midgley J.M., et al. Agonist-specific coupling of a cloned Drosophila octopamine/tyramine receptor to multiple second messenger systems. EMBO J. 1994, 13:1325-1330.
179. Roeder T. Biochemistry and molecular biology of receptors for biogenic amines in locusts. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2002, 56:237-247.
180. Roeder T. Metabotropic histamine receptors: nothing for invertebrates?. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 466:85-90.
181. Rosay P., Davies S.A., Yu Y., Sozen A., Kaiser K., et al. Cell-type specific calcium signalling in a Drosophila epithelium. J. Cell Sci. 1997, 110:1683-1692.
182. Rosenkilde C., Cazzamali G., Williamson M., Hauser F., Sondergaard L., et al. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and gene silencing of two Drosophila receptors for the Drosophila neuropeptide pyrokinin-2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2003, 309:485-494.
183. Saifullah A.S., Tomioka K. Serotonin sets the day state in the neurons that control coupling between the optic lobe circadian pacemakers in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Exp. Biol. 2002, 205:1305-1314.
184. Salcedo E., Huber A., Henrich S., Chadwell L.V., Chou W.H., et al. Blue- and green-absorbing visual pigments of Drosophila: ectopic expression and physiological characterization of the R8 photoreceptor cell-specific Rh5 and Rh6 rhodopsins. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:10716-10726.
185. Saudou F., Amlaiky N., Plassat J.L., Borrelli E., Hen R. Cloning and characterization of a Drosophila tyramine receptor. EMBO J. 1990, 9:3611-3617.
186. Saudou F., Boschert U., Amlaiky N., Plassat J.L., Hen R. A family of Drosophila serotonin receptors with distinct intracellular signalling properties and expression patterns. EMBO J. 1992, 11:7-17.
187. Schmidt C.J., Garen-Fazio S., Chow Y.K., Neer E.J. Neuronal expression of a newly identified Drosophila melanogaster G protein alpha 0 subunit. Cell Reg. 1989, 1:125-134.
188. Schneider L.E., Taghert P.H. Isolation and characterization of a Drosophila gene that encodes multiple neuropeptides related to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85:1993-1997.
189. Schneider L.E., Taghert P.H. Organization and expression of the Drosophila Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 neuropeptide gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265:6890-6895.
190. Schulz S., Huber A., Schwab K., Paulsen R. A novel Ggamma isolated from Drosophila constitutes a visual G protein gamma subunit of the fly compound eye. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:37605-37610.
191. Scott K., Brady R., Cravchik A., Morozov P., Rzhetsky A., et al. A chemosensory gene family encoding candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in Drosophila. Cell 2001, 104:661-673.
192. Secher T., Lenz C., Cazzamali G., Sorensen G., Williamson M., et al. Molecular cloning of a functional allatostatin gut/brain receptor and an allatostatin preprohormone from the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:47052-47060.
193. Shapiro R.A., Wakimoto B.T., Subers E.M., Nathanson N.M. Characterization and functional expression in mammalian cells of genomic and cDNA clones encoding a Drosophila muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1989, 86:9039-9043.
194. Shichida Y., Imai H. Visual pigment: G-protein-coupled receptor for light signals. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 1998, 54:1299-1315.
195. Simon M.I., Strathmann M.P., Gautam N. Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction. Science 1991, 252:802-808.
196. + currents in cerebellar granule cells isolated from weaver and Girk2 null mutant mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94:12210-12217.
197. Song W., Ranjan R., Dawson-Scully K., Bronk P., Marin L., et al. Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmission in Drosophila by the g protein-coupled receptor methuselah. Neuron 2002, 36:105-119.
198. Stables J., Green A., Marshall F., Fraser N., Knight E., et al. A bioluminescent assay for agonist activity at potentially any G-protein-coupled receptor. Analyt. Biochem. 1997, 252:115-126.
199. Stacey M., Lin H.H., Gordon S., McKnight A.J. LNB-TM7, a group of seven-transmembrane proteins related to family-B G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2000, 25:284-289.
200. Staubli F., Jorgensen T.J., Cazzamali G., Williamson M., Lenz C., et al. Molecular identification of the insect adipokinetic hormone receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:3446-3451.
201. Stortkuhl K.F., Kettler R. Functional analysis of an olfactory receptor in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:9381-9385.
202. Strutt D.I. Asymmetric localization of frizzled and the establishment of cell polarity in the Drosophila wing. Mol. Cell 2001, 7:367-375.
203. Talluri S., Bhatt A., Smith D.P. Identification of a Drosophila G protein alpha subunit (dGq alpha-3) expressed in chemosensory cells and central neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92:11475-11479.
204. Teller D.C., Okada T., Behnke C.A., Palczewski K., Stenkamp R.E. Advances in determination of a high-resolution three-dimensional structure of rhodopsin, a model of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Biochemistry 2001, 40:7761-7772.
205. Thibonnier M., Auzan C., Madhun Z., Wilkins P., Berti-Mattera L., et al. Molecular cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of a cDNA encoding the human V-1a vasopressin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:3304-3310.
206. Torfs H., Detheux M., Oonk H.B., Akerman K.E., Poels J., et al. Analysis of C-terminally substituted tachykinin-like peptide agonists by means of aequorin-based luminescent assays for human and insect neurokinin receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002, 63:1675-1682.
207. Torfs H., Oonk H.B., Broeck J.V., Poels J., Van Poyer W., et al. Pharmacological characterization of STKR, an insect G protein-coupled receptor for tachykinin-like peptides. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2001, 48:39-49.
208. Torfs H., Poels J., Detheux M., Dupriez V., Van Loy T., et al. Recombinant aequorin as a reporter for receptor-mediated changes of intracellular Ca2+-levels in Drosophila S2 cells. Invertebr. Neurosci. 2002, 4:119-124.
209. Torfs H., Shariatmadari R., Guerrero F., Parmentier M., Poels J., et al. Characterization of a receptor for insect tachykinin-like peptide agonists by functional expression in a stable Drosophila Schneider 2 cell line. J. Neurochem. 2000, 74:2182-2189.
210. Townson S.M., Chang B.S., Salcedo E., Chadwell L.V., Pierce N.E., et al. Honeybee blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive opsins: cloning, heterologous expression in Drosophila, and physiological characterization. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:2412-2422.
211. Vaidehi N., Floriano W.B., Trabanino R., Hall S.E., Freddolino P., et al. Prediction of structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:12622-12627.
212. van Kesteren R.E., Tensen C.P., Smit A.B., van Minnen J., Kolakowski L.F., et al. Co-evolution of ligand-receptor pairs in the vasopressin/oxytocin superfamily of bioactive peptides. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271:3619-3626.
213. Van Poyer W., Torfs H., Poels J., Swinnen E., De Loof A., et al. Phenolamine-dependent adenylyl cyclase activation in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2001, 31:333-338.
214. Vanden Broeck J., Vulsteke V., Huybrechts R., De Loof A. Characterization of a cloned locust tyramine receptor cDNA by functional expression in permanently transformed Drosophila S2 cells. J. Neurochem. 1995, 64:2387-2395.
215. von Nickisch-Rosenegk E., Krieger J., Kubick S., Laage R., Strobel J., et al. Cloning of biogenic amine receptors from moths (Bombyx mori and Heliothis virescens). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1996, 26:817-827.
216. Washio H. Glutamate receptors on the somata of dorsal unpaired median neurons in cockroach, Periplaneta americana, thoracic ganglia. Zool. Sci. 2002, 19:153-162.
217. Wess J. Molecular basis of receptor/G-protein-coupling selectivity. Pharmacol. Therapeut. 1998, 80:231-264.
218. West A.P., Llamas L.L., Snow P.M., Benzer S., Bjorkman P.J. Crystal structure of the ectodomain of Methuselah, a Drosophila G protein-coupled receptor associated with extended lifespan. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:3744-3749.
219. Wetzel C.H., Behrendt H.J., Gisselmann G., Stortkuhl K.F., Hovemann B., et al. Functional expression and characterization of a Drosophila odorant receptor in a heterologous cell system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:9377-9380.
220. White J.H., Wise A., Main M.J., Green A., Fraser N.J., et al. Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor. Nature 1998, 396:679-682.
221. Wickman K.D., Iniguez-Lluhl J.A., Davenport P.A., Taussig R., Krapivinsky G.B., et al. Recombinant G-protein beta gamma-subunits activate the muscarinic-gated atrial potassium channel. Nature 1994, 368:255-257.
222. Witz P., Amlaiky N., Plassat J.L., Maroteaux L., Borrelli E., et al. Cloning and characterization of a Drosophila serotonin receptor that activates adenylate cyclase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1990, 87:8940-8944.
223. Wolfgang W.J., Hoskote A., Roberts I.J., Jackson S., Forte M. Genetic analysis of the Drosophila Gs(alpha) gene. Genetics 2001, 158:1189-1201.
224. Wolfgang W.J., Quan F., Goldsmith P., Unson C., Spiegel A., et al. Immunolocalization of G protein alpha-subunits in the Drosophila CNS. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10:1014-1024.
225. Wolfgang W.J., Quan F., Thambi N., Forte M. Restricted spatial and temporal expression of G-protein alpha subunits during Drosophila embryogenesis. Development 1991, 113:527-538.
226. Yarden Y., Rodriguez H., Wong S.K., Brandt D.R., May D.C., et al. The avian beta-adrenergic receptor: primary structure and membrane topology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83:6795-6799.
227. Yarfitz S., Niemi G.A., McConnell J.L., Fitch C.L., Hurley J.B. A G beta protein in the Drosophila compound eye is different from that in the brain. Neuron 1991, 7:429-438.
228. Yarfitz S., Provost N.M., Hurley J.B. Cloning of a Drosophila melanogaster guanine nucleotide regulatory protein beta-subunit gene and characterization of its expression during development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1988, 85:7134-7138.
229. Zhong Y. Mediation of PACAP-like neuropeptide transmission by coactivation of Ras/Raf and cAMP signal transduction pathways in Drosophila. Nature 1995, 375:588-592.
230. Zhong Y., Pena L.A. A novel synaptic transmission mediated by a PACAP-like neuropeptide in Drosophila. Neuron 1995, 14:527-536.
231. Zitnan D., Kingan T.G., Hermesman J., Adams M.E. Identification of ecdysis-triggering hormone from an epitracheal endocrine system. Science 1996, 271:88-91.