MS treatment: New perspectives

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Volumn 108, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 339-345

  Comi, Giancarlo ^a   Martino, Gianvito ^a  

^a VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

Costimulation disruption; Immune deviation; Immunointervention; Interferons; Multiple sclerosis; Regulatory cell induction; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; AZATHIOPRINE; BETA1A INTERFERON; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOKINE; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; INTERFERON; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; MYELIN; NATALIZUMAB; PLACEBO; STEROID;

CELL STIMULATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFLAMMATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS;

EID: 33644623432     PISSN: 03038467     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.11.011     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (79)

1. K. Balashov, J. Rottman, and H. Weiner CCR5(+) and CXCR3(+) T cells are increased in multiple sclerosis and their ligands MIP-1alpha and IP-10 are expressed in demyelinating brain lesions Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1999 6873 6878
2. T. Sorensen, M. Tani, and J. Jensen Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients J Clin Invest 103 1999 807 815
3. T. Strunk, S. Bubel, and B. Mascher Increased numbers of CCR5+ interferon-gamma- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-secreting T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis patients Ann Neurol 47 2000 269 273
4. C. Genain, B. Cannella, and S. Hauser Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis Nat Med 5 1999 170 175
5. H. Babbe, A. Roers, and A. Waisman Clonal expansions of CD8(+) T cells dominate the T cell infiltrate in active multiple sclerosis lesions as shown by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction J Exp Med 192 2000 393 404
6. A. Bitsch, J. Schuchardt, and S. Bunkowski Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Correlation with demyelination and inflammation Brain 123 2000 1174 1183
7. B. Kornek, and H. Lassmann Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. A historical note Brain Pathol 9 1999 651 656
8. M. Kerschensteiner, E. Gallmeier, and L. Behrens Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: a neuroprotective role of inflammation? J Exp Med 189 1999 865 870
9. B. Trapp, J. Peterson, and R. Ransohoff Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 338 1998 278 285
10. M. Rocca, G. Mastronardo, and M. Rodegher Long-term changes of magnetization transfer-derived measures from patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20 1999 821 827
11. G. Ingle, V. Stevenson, and D. Miller Two years follow-up study of primary progressive and transitional multiple sclerosis Mult Scler 8 2002 109 114
12. G. Lovas, N. Szilagyi, and K. Majtenyi Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques Brain 123 2000 308 317
13. C. Confavreux, G. Aimard, and M. Devic Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients Brain 103 1980 281 300
14. B. Weinshenker, P. O'Brien, and T. Petterson A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease Ann Neurol 46 1999 878 886
15. M. Filippi, M. Horsfield, and S. Morissey Quantitative brain MRI lesion load predicts the course of clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis Neurology 44 1994 635 641
16. J. O'Riordan, A. Thompson, and P. Kingsley The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up Brain 121 1998 495 503
17. P. Brex, J. O'Riordan, and K. Miszkiel Multisequence MRI in clinically isolated syndromes and the early development of MS Neurology 53 1999 1184 1190
18. P. Brex, O. Ciccarelli, and J. O'Riordan A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 346 2002 158 164
19. Optic Neuritis Study Group High- and low-risk profiles for the development of multiple sclerosis within 10 years after optic neuritis Arch Ophthalmol 121 2003 944 949
20. S. Hawkins, and G. McDonnell "Benign" multiple sclerosis? Clinical course, long term follow up, and assessment of prognostic factors J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67 1999 148 152
21. J. Kurtzke, G. Beebe, and B. Nagler Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis - 8. Early prognostic features of the later course of the illness J Chron Dis 30 1977 819 830
22. C. Lucchinetti, W. Bruck, and J. Parisi Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination Ann Neurol 47 2000 707 717
23. M. Soderstrom, Y.P. Jin, and J. Hillert Optic neuritis: prognosis for multiple sclerosis from MRI, CSF, and HLA findings Neurology 50 1998 708 714
24. F.L. Sciacca, C. Ferri, and K. Vandenbroeck Relevance of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist intron 2 polymorphism in Italian MS Neurology 52 1999 1896 1898
25. G. Comi, M. Filippi, F. Barkhof the ETOMS Study Group Effects of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study Lancet 357 2001 1576 1582
26. B. Weinshenker Natural history of multiple sclerosis Ann Neurol 36 Suppl. 1994 S6 S11
27. B. Runmarker, and O. Andersen Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with twenty-five years of follow-up Brain 116 1993 117 134
28. B. Yu, M. Johnson, and V. Tuohy A predictable sequential determinant spreading cascade invariably accompanies progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a basis for peptide-specific therapy after onset of clinical disease J Exp Med 183 1996 1777 1788
29. V. Thuoy, B. Weinstock-Guttman, and R. Kinkel Diversity and plasticity of self recognition during the development of multiple sclerosis J Clin Invest 99 1997 1682 1690
30. N. Goebels, H. Hofstetter, and S. Schmidt Repertoire dynamics of autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy subjects: epitope spreading versus clonal persistence Brain 123 2000 508 518
31. C. Lucchinetti, W. Bruck, and M. Rodriguez Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicates heterogeneity on pathogenesis Brain Pathol 6 1996 259 274
32. H. Lassmann Neuropathology in multiple sclerosis: new concepts Mult Scler 4 1998 93 98
33. B. Ferguson, M. Matyszak, and M. Esiri Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions Brain 120 1997 393 399
34. B. Trapp, J. Peterson, and R. Ransohoff Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis New Engl J Med 338 1998 278 285
35. C. Raine, B. Cannella, and S. Hauser Demyelination in primate autoimmune encephalomyelitis and acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a case for antigen-specific antibody mediation Ann Neurol 46 1999 144 160
36. T. Kuhlmann, G. Lingfeld, and A. Bitsch Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time Brain 125 2002 2202 2212
37. P. Narayana, T. Doyle, and D. Lai Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and quantitative lesion volumetry in multiple sclerosis Ann Neurol 43 1998 56 71
38. M. Rocca, G. Mastronardo, and M. Rodegher Long-term changes of magnetization transfer-derived measures from patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20 1999 821 827
39. M. Filippi, A. Campi, and B. Colombo A spinal cord MRI study of benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis J Neurol 243 1996 502 505
40. J. van Waesberghe, W. Kampphorst, and C. De Groot Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability Ann Neurol 46 1999 747 754
41. A. Gass, G. Barker, and D. Kidd Correlation of magnetization transfer ratio with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis Ann Neurol 36 1994 62 67
42. M. Filippi, G. Iannucci, and C. Tortorella Comparison of MS clinical phenotypes using conventional and magnetization transfer MRI Neurology 52 1999 588 594
43. P. Sarchielli, O. Presciutti, and G. Pelliccioli Absolute quantification of brain metabolites by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis patients Brain 122 1999 513 521
44. M. Filippi, A. Campi, and V. Dousset A magnetization transfer imaging study of normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis Neurology 45 1995 478 482
45. K. Fernando, M. McLean, and D. Chard Elevated white matter myo-insoitol in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis Brain 127 2004 1361 1369
46. E. Pagani, M. Filippi, and M. Rocca A method for obtaining tract-specific diffusion tensor MRI measurements in the presence of disease: application to patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis NeuroImage 26 2005 258 265
47. G. Iannucci, C. Tortorella, and M. Rovaris Prognostic value of MR and magnetization transfer imaging findings in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis at presentation Am J Neuroradiol 21 2000 1034 1038
48. P. Brex, R. Jenkins, and N. Fox Detection of ventricular enlargement in patients at the earliest clinical stage of MS Neurology 54 2000 1689 1691
49. R. Rudick, E. Fisher, and J. Lee Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS Neurology 10 1999 1698 1704
50. J. Simon, L. Jacobs, and M. Campion A longitudinal study of brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis Neurology 53 1999 139 148
51. M. Filippi, M. Rovaris, and M. Inglese Interferon beta-1a for brain tissue loss in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet 364 2004 1489 1496
52. A. Paolillo, M. Piattella, and P. Pantano The relationship between inflammation and atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis J Neurol 251 2004 432 439
53. R. Beck, P. Cleary, and J. Trobe The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 329 1993 1764 1769
54. Optic Neuritis Study Group The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis. Experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial Neurology 49 1997 1404 1413
55. L. Jacobs, R. Beck, and J. Simon Intramuscular interferon β-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 343 2000 898 904
56. M. Filippi, M. Rovaris, and M. Inglese Interferon beta-1a for brain tissue loss in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet 364 2004 1489 1496
57. R. Rudick, E. Fisher, and J. Lee Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: relationship to relapses, EDSS, and treatment with interferon beta-1a Mult Scler 6 2000 365 372
58. R. Milo, and H. Panitch Additive effects of copolymer 1 and interferon beta-1b on the immune response to myelin basic protein J Neuroimmunol 61 1995 185 193
59. R. Miziachi-Koll, and D. Karusiis Synergistic in vivo effects of Cop-1 and interferon-β on hyperacute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) Neurology 48 1997 A422
60. C. Pozzilli, G. Antonini, and F. Bagnato Monthly corticosteroids decrease neutralizing antibodies to IFNbeta 1b: a randomized trial in multiple sclerosis J Neurol 249 2002 50 56
61. W. Sheremata, T. Vollmer, and L. Stone A safety and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous natalizumab in patients with MS Neurology 52 1999 1072 1074
62. D. Miller, O. Khan, and W. Sheremata A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis N Engl J Med 348 2003 15 23
63. R. Kapoor, M. Davied, and P. Blaker Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration Ann Neurol 53 2003 174 180
64. H. Weiner, G. Mackin, and M. Matsui Double-blind pilot trial of oral tolerization with myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis Science 259 1993 1321 1324
65. A. Sette, J. Alexander, and J. Ruppert Antigen analogs/MHC complexes as specific T cell receptor antagonists Annu Rev Immunol 12 1994 413 431
66. S. Anderton, S. Kissler, and A. Lamont Therapeutic potential of TCR antagonists is determined by their ability to modulate a diverse repertoire of autoreactive T cells Eur J Immunol 29 1999 1850 1857
67. L. Kappos, G. Comi, and H. Panitch Induction of a non-encephalitogenic type 2 T helper-cell autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis after administration of an altered peptide ligand in a placebo-controlled, randomized phase II trial Nat Med 6 2000 1176 1182
68. 2 secretion by microglia during antigen presentation to Th1 cells J Immunol 162 1999 1384 1391
69. L. Howard, A. Miga, and C. Vanderlugt Mechanisms of immunotherapeutic intervention by anti-CD40L (CD154) antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis J Clin Invest 103 1999 281 290
70. T. Kawai, D. Andrews, and R. Colvin Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand Nat Med 6 2000 114
71. S. Brod, D. Benjamin, and D. Hafler Restricted T cell expression of IL-2, IFN-γ mRNA in human inflammatory disease J Immunol 147 1991 810 815
72. S. Khoury, W. Hancock, and H. Weiner Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein and natural recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are associated with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and differential upregulation of transforming growth factor β, interleukin 4, and prostaglandin E expression in the brain J Exp Med 176 1992 1355 1364
73. A. Coles, M. Wing, and S. Smith Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis Lancet 354 1999 1691 1695
74. The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group TNF neutralization in MS: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study Neurology 53 1999 457 465
75. P. Calabresi, N. Fields, and H. Maloni Phase 1 trial of transforming growth factor beta 2 in chronic progressive MS Neurology 51 1998 289 292
76. P. McGuirk, and K. Mills Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infectious diseases Trends Immunol 23 2002 450 455
77. H. Weiner Induction and mechanism of action of transforming growth factor-beta-secreting Th3 regulatory cells Immunol Rev 182 2001 207 214
78. J. Zhang, V. Rivera, and M. Tejada-Simon T cell vaccination in multiple sclerosis: results of a preliminary study J Neurol 249 2002 212 218
79. A. Vandenbark, Y. Chou, and R. Whitham Treatment of multiple sclerosis with T-cell receptor peptides: results of a double-blind pilot trial Nat Med 2 1996 1109 1115