Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Correlation with demyelination and inflammation

Brain

Volumn 123, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1174-1183

  Bitsch, A ^a   Schuchardt, J ^a   Bunkowski, S ^a   Kuhlmann, T ^b   Brück, Wolfgang ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Axons; Demyelination; Inflammation; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CD8 ANTIGEN; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN BIOPSY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DEMYELINATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGE; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE INJURY; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0034026912     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.6.1174     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Allen I. Pathology of multiple sclerosis. In: Matthews WB, Compston A, Allen IV, Martyn CN, editors. McAlpine's multiple sclerosis. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1991. p. 341-78.
2. Barnes D, Munro PM, Youl BD, Prineas JW, McDonald WI. The longstanding MS lesion. A quantitative MRI and electron microscopic study. Brain 1991; 114: 1271-80.
3. Bitsch A, Trostdorf F, Brück W, Schmidt H, Fischer FR, Nau R. Central nervous system TNFα-mRNA expression during rabbit experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Neurosci Lett 1997; 237: 105-8.
4. Bitsch A, da Costa C, Bunkowski S, Weber F, Rieckmann P, Brück W. Identification of macrophage populations expressing tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in acute multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1998; 95: 373-7.
5. Bö L, Mörk S, Kong PA, Nyland H, Pardo CA, Trapp BD. Detection of MHC class II-antigens on macrophages and microglia, but not on astrocytes and endothelia in active multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 51: 135-46.
6. Bramlett HM, Kraydieh S, Green EJ, Dietrich WD. Temporal and regional patterns of axonal damage following traumatic brain injury: a beta-amyloid precursor protein immunocytochemical study in rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997; 56: 1132-41.
7. Brück W, Porada P, Poser S, Rieckmann P, Hanefeld F, Kretzschmar HA, et al. Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in early multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 788-96.
8. Brück W, Sommermeier N, Bergmann M, Zettl U, Goebel HH, Kretzschmar HA, et al. Macrophages in multiple sclerosis. Immunobiology 1996; 195: 588-600.
9. Brück W, Bitsch A, Kolenda H, Brück Y, Stiefel M, Lassmann H. Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 783-93.
10. Charcot M. Histologie de la sclérose en plaques. Gaz Hop (Paris) 1868; 41: 554-5, 557-8, 566.
11. Charles IG, Palmer RM, Hickery MS, Bayliss MT, Chubb AP, Hall VS, et al. Cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding an inducible nitric oxide synthase from the human chondrocyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 11419-23.
12. Davie CA, Barker GJ, Webb S, Tofts PS, Thompson AJ, Harding AE, et al. Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss. Brain 1995; 118: 1583-92.
13. Davie CA, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ, Tofts PS, McDonald WI, Miller DH. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 63: 736-42.
14. De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Narayanan S, Francis GS, Antel JP, Arnold DL. Axonal dysfunction and disability in a relapse of multiple sclerosis: longitudinal study of a patient. Neurology 1997; 49: 1138-41.
15. De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Fu L, Narayanan S, Stanley J, Francis GS, et al. Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Brain 1998; 121: 1469-77.
16. Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, Perry VH. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997; 120: 393-9.
17. Genain CP, Cannella B, Hauser SL, Raine CS. Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 1999; 5: 170-5.
18. Gentleman SM, Roberts GW, Gennarelli TA, Maxwell WL, Adams JH, Kerr S, et al. Axonal injury: a universal consequence of fatal closed head injury? Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1995; 89: 537-43.
19. Giovannoni G. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 1998; 4: 27-30.
20. Hohlfeld R. Biotechnological agents for the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Principles, problems and perspectives. [Review]. Brain 1997; 120: 865-916.
21. Lassmann H. Comparative neuropathology of chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1983.
22. Lassmann H. Pathology of multiple sclerosis. In: Compston A, Ebers G, Lassmann H, McDonald I, Matthews B, Wekerle H, editors. McAlpine's multiple sclerosis. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1998. p. 323-58.
23. Lassmann H, Raine CS, Antel J, Prineas JW. Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: report on an international meeting held at the Institute of Neurology of the University of Vienna. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 86: 213-7.
24. Li GL, Farooque M, Holtz A, Olsson Y. Changes of β-amyloid precursor protein after compression trauma to the spinal cord: an experimental study in the rat using immunohistochemistry. J Neurotrauma 1995; 12: 269-77.
25. Logel J, Dill D, Leonard S. Synthesis of cRNA probes from PCR-generated DNA. Biotechniques 1992; 13: 604-10.
26. Losseff NA, Webb SL, O'Riordan JI, Page R, Wang L, Barker GJ, et al. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis. A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. Brain 1996; 119: 701-8.
27. Lucchinetti CF, Rodriguez M. The controversy surrounding the pathogenesis of the multiple sclerosis lesion. [Review]. Mayo Clin Proc 1997; 72: 665-78.
28. Lucchinetti CF, Brück W, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H. Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicate heterogeneity on pathogenesis. [Review]. Brain Pathol 1996; 6: 259-74.
29. Matthews PM, Pioro E, Narayanan S, De Stefano N, Fu L, Francis G, et al. Assessment of lesion pathology in multiple sclerosis using quantitative MRI morphometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain 1996; 119: 715-22.
30. Mitrovic B, Ignarro LJ, Montestruque S, Smoll A, Merrill JE. Nitric oxide as a potential pathological mechanism in demyelination: its differential effects on primary glial cells in vitro. Neuroscience 1994; 61: 575-85.
31. Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Smith D, Jarrett-Nedwin J, Pennica D, et al. Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13: 6361-73.
32. Ohgami T, Kitamoto T, Tateishi J. Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein accumulates within axonal swellings in human brain lesions. Neurosci Lett 1992; 136: 75-8.
33. Pierce JE, Trojanowski JQ, Graham DI, Smith DH, McIntosh TK. Immunohistochemical characterization of alterations in the distribution of amyloid precursor proteins and beta-amyloid peptide after experimental brain injury in the rat. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 1083-90.
34. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-31.
35. Rawes JA, Calabrese VP, Khan OA, DeVries GH. Antibodies to the axolemma-enriched fraction in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Mult Scler 1997; 3: 363-9.
36. Rivera-Quinones C, McGavern D, Schmelzer JD, Hunter SF, Low PA, Rodriguez M. Absence of neurological deficits following extensive demyelination in a class I-deficient murine model of multiple sclerosis. Nature Med 1998; 4: 187-93.
37. Selmaj KW, Raine CS. Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 339-46.
38. Sloviter RS, Dean E, Sollas AL, Goodman JH. Apoptosis and necrosis induced in different hippocampal neuron populations by repetitive perforant path stimulation in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1996; 366: 516-33.
39. Stevenson VL, Leary SM, Losseff NA, Parker GJ, Barker GJ, Husmani Y, et al. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in MS: a longitudinal study. Neurology 1998; 51: 234-8.
40. Storch MK, Piddlesden S, Haltia M, Iivanainen M, Morgan P, Lassmann H. Multiple sclerosis: in situ evidence for antibody- and complement-mediated demyelination. Ann Neurol 1998; 43: 465-71.
41. Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, Rudick R, Mork S, Bo L. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 278-85.
42. Truyen L, van Waesberghe JH, van Walderveen MA, van Oosten BW, Polman CH, Hommes OR, et al. Accumulation of hypointense lesions ('black holes') on T1 spin-echo MRI correlates with disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 47: 1469-76.
43. van Walderveen MA, Kamphorst W, Scheltens P, van Waesberghe JH, Ravid R, Valk J, et al. Histopathologic correlate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 50: 1282-8.
44. Xu W, Charles IG, Liu L, Moncada S, Emson P. Molecular cloning and structural organization of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 219: 784-8.
45. Yam PS, Takasago T, Dewar D, Graham DI, McCulloch J. Amyloid precursor protein accumulates in white matter at the margin of a focal ischaemic lesion. Brain Res 1997; 760: 150-7.