CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins and interferon signaling pathways

Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research

Volumn 25, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 757-769

  Kalvakolanu, Dhananjaya V ^a   Roy, Sanjit K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN BETA; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERFERON; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MIXED LINEAGE KINASE;

CANCER CELL; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON STIMULATED GENE; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; VIRUS;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEIN-BETA; CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; INTERFERON TYPE II; INTERFERONS; MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 30344442102     PISSN: 10799907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jir.2005.25.757     Document Type: Review

References (158)

1. Kalvakolanu DV, Borden EC. Interferons: cellular and molecular biology of their actions. In: Bertino JR, ed. Encyclopedia of Cancer. San Diego, CA: Academic Press: 2002;2:511-521.
2. Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. The roles of IFNgamma in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002;13:95-109.
3. Gresser I, Belardelli F. Endogenous type I interferons as a defense against tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002;13: 111-118.
4. Biron CA, Nguyen KB, Pien GC, Cousens LP, Salazar-Mather TP. Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1999;17:189-220.
5. Williams BR. Signal integration via PKR. Sci. STKE. 2001;2001: RE2.
6. Silverman RH. 2-5A-Dependent RNase L: a regulated endoribonuclease in the Interferon system. In: D'Alessio G, Riordan JF, eds. Rinonucleases: Structure and Functions. New York: Academic Press; 1997:515-551.
7. Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Sareneva T, Julkunen I, Kalkkinen N. Proteome analysis reveals ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to be a new family of interferon-alpha-regulated genes. Eur. J. Biochem. 2000;267:4011-4019.
8. Taniguchi T, Ogasawara K, Takaoka A, Tanaka N. IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001;19:623-655.
9. Enninga J, Levy DE, Blobel G, Fontoura BM. Role of nucleoporin induction in releasing an mRNA nuclear export block. Science 2002;295:1523-1525.
10. Tamura T, Nagamura-Inoue T, Shmeltzer Z, Kuwata T, Ozato K. ICSBP directs bipotential myeloid progenitor cells to differentiate into mature macrophages. Immunity 2000;13:155-165.
11. Takayanagi H, Kim S, Matsuo K, Suzuki H, Suzuki T, Sato K, Yokochi T, Oda H, Nakamura K, Ida N, Wagner EF, Taniguchi T. RANKL maintains bone homeostasis through c-Fos-dependent induction of interferon-beta. Nature 2002;416:744-749.
12. Levy-Strumpf N, Kimchi A. Death-associated proteins (DAPs): from gene identification to the analysis of their apoptotic and tumor suppressive functions. Oncogene 1998;17:3331-3340.
13. Kalvakolanu DV. The GRIMs: a new interface between cell death regulation and interferon/retinoid induced growth suppression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004;15:169-194.
14. Stark GR, Kerr IM, Williams BRG, Silverman RH, Schreiber RD. How cells respond to interferons. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1998;67: 227-264.
15. Levy DE, Darnell JE. STATs: transcriptional control and biological impact. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002;3:651-662.
16. Alexander WS, Starr R, Fenner JE, Scott CL, Handman E, Sprigg NS, Corbin JE, Cornish AL, Darwiche R, Owczarek CM, Kay TW, Nicola NA, Hertzog PJ, Metcalf D, Hilton DJ. SOCSI is a critical inhibitor of Interferon gamma signaling and prevents the potentially fatal neonatal actions of this cytokine. Cell 1999;98:597-608.
17. ten Hoeve J, de Jesus Ibarra-Sanchez M, Fu Y, Zhu W, Tremblay M, David M, Shuai K. Identification of a nuclear Stall protein tyrosine phosphatase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002;22:5662-5668.
18. Liu B, Mink S, Wong KA, Stein N, Getman C, Dempsey PW, Wu H, Shuai K. PIAS1 selectively inhibits interferon-inducible genes and is important in innate immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2004;5:891-898.
19. Boehrn U, Klamp T, Groot M, Howard JC. Cellular responses to Interferon-g. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1997;15:749-795.
20. Kamijo R, Harada H, Matsuyama T, Bosland M, Gerecitano J, Shapiro D, Le J, Koh SI, Kimura T, Green SJ, Mak TW, Taniguchi T, Vilcek J. Requirement for transcription factor IRF-1 in NO synthase induction in macrophages. Science 1994;263:1612-1615.
21. Briken V, Ruffner H, Schultz U, Schwarz A, Reis LF, Strehlow I, Decker T, Staeheli P. Interferon regulatory factor I is required for mouse Gbp gene activation by gamma Interferon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995;15:975-982.
22. Ting JP, Zhu XS. Class II MHC genes: a model gene regulatory system with great biologic consequences. Microbes Infect. 1999;1:855-861.
23. Reith W, Mach B. The bare lymphocyte syndrome and the regulation of MHC expression. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001;19:331-373.
24. Taniguchi T, Takaoka A. The interferon-alpha/beta system in antiviral responses: a multimodal machinery of gene regulation by the IRF family of transcription factors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2002;14:111-116.
25. Kimura T, Kadokawa Y, Harada H, Matsumoto M, Sato M, Kashiwazaki Y, Tarutani M, Tan RS, Takasugi T, Matsuyama T, Mak TW, Noguchi S, Taniguchi T. Essential and nonredundant roles of p48 (ISGF3g) in both type I and type II interferon responses, as reveladby gene targeting studies. Genes Cells 1996;1:115-124.
26. Bluyssen AR, Durbin JE, Levy DE. ISGF3 gamma p48. a specificity switch for interferon activated transcription factors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1996;7:11-17.
27. Lewis JA, Huq A, Shan B. Beta and gamma interferons act synergistically to produce an antiviral state in cells resistant to both interferons individually. J. Virol. 1989;63:4569-4578.
28. Bandyopadhyay SK, Kalvakolanu DV, Sen GC. Gene induction by interferons: functional complementation between trans-acting factors induced by alpha interferon and gamma interferon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990;10:5055-5063.
29. Levy DE, Lew DJ, Decker T, Kessler DS, Darnell JE Jr. Synergistic interaction between interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma through induced synthesis of one subunit of the transcription factor ISGF3. EMBO J. 1990;9:1105-1111.
30. Kalvakolanu DV. Virus interception of cytokine regulated pathways. Trends Microbiol. 1999;7:166-171.
31. Sen GC. Viruses and interferons. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2001;55: 255-281.
32. Wong LH, Krauer KG, Hatzinisiriou I, Estcourt MJ, Hersey P, Tarn ND, Edmondson S, Devenish RJ, Ralph SJ. Interferon-resistant human melanoma cells are deficient in ISGF3 components, STAT1, STAT2, and p48-ISGF3gamma. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272:28779-28785.
33. Clifford JL, Walch E, Yang X, Xu X, Alberts DS, Clayman GL, El-Naggar AK, Lotan R, Lippman SM. Suppression of type 1 interferon signaling proteins is an early event in squamous skin carcinogenesis. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002;8:2067-2072.
34. Wu WZ, Sun HC, Gao YQ, Li Y, Wang L, Zhou K, Liu KD, Iliakis G, Tang ZY. Reduction in p48-ISGFgamma levels confers resistance to interferon-alpha2a in MHCC97 cells. Oncology 2004;67:428-440.
35. Weihua X, Kolla V, Kalvakolanu DV. Interferon-γ induced transcription of the murine ISGF3g (p48) gene is mediated by novel factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997;94:103-108.
36. Vallejo AN, Pease LR. The locus-specific enhancer activity of the class I major histocompatibility complex interferon responsive element is associated with γ-interferon (IFN)-inducible factor distinct from STAT1a, p48, and IFN-regulatory factor-1. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:29813-29821.
37. Cremer I, Ghysdael J, Vieillard V. A non-classical ISRE/1SGF3 pathway mediates induction of RANTES gene transcription by type I IFNs. FEBS Lett. 2002;511:41-45.
38. Seegert D, Strehlow I, Klose B, Levy DE, Schindler C, Decker T. A novel interferon-alpha-regulated, DNA-binding protein participates in the regulation of the IFP53/tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1994;269:8590-8595.
39. Gobin SJ, Peijnenburg A, Keijsers V, van den Elsen PJ. Site alpha is crucial for two routes of IFN gamma-induced MHC class I transactivation: the ISRE-mediated route and a novel pathway involving CIITA. Immunity 1997;6:601-611.
40. Martin BK, Chin KC, Olsen JC, Skinner CA, Dey A, Ozato K, Ting JP. Induction of MHC class 1 expression by the MHC class II transactivator CIITA. Immunity 1997;6:591-600.
41. Gil MP, Bohn E, O'Guin AK, Ramana CV, Levine B, Stark GR, Virgin HW, Schreiber RD. Biologic consequences of Stall-independent IFN signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001;98: 6680-6685.
42. Ramana CV, Gil MP, Han Y, Ransohoff RM, Schreiber RD, Stark GR. Stall-independent regulation of gene expression in response to IFN-gamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001;98:6674-6679.
43. Gongora R, Stephan RP, Zhang Z, Cooper MD. An essential role for Daxx in the inhibition of B lymphopoiesis by type I interferons. Immunity 2001;14:727-737.
44. Roy SK, Wachira SJ, Weihua X, Hu J, Kalvakolanu DV. CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein-b regulates interferon-induced transcription through a novel element. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275: 12626-12632.
45. Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, McKnight SL. The DNA binding domain of the rat liver nuclear protein C/EBP is bipartite. Science 1989;243:1681-1688.
46. Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, McKnight SL. The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science 1988;240:1759-1764.
47. Williams SC, Baer M, Dillner AJ, Johnson PF. CRP2 (C/EBP beta) contains a bipartite regulatory domain that controls transcriptional activation, DNA binding and cell specificity. EMBO J. 1995;14:3170-3183.
48. Agre P, Johnson PF, McKnight SL. Cognate DNA binding specificity retained after leucine zipper exchange between GCN4 and C/EBP, Science 1989;246:922-926.
49. Williams SC, Cantwell CA, Johnson PF. A family of C/EBP-related proteins capable of forming covalently linked leucine zipper dimers in vitro. Genes Dev. 1991;5:1553-1567.
50. Croniger C, Trus M, Lysek-Stupp K, Cohen H, Liu Y, Darlington GJ, Poli V, Hanson RW, Reshef L. Role of the isoforms of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in the initiation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription at birth. J. Biol. Chem. 1997;272:26306-26312.
51. Darlington GJ, Ross SE, MacDougald OA. The role of C/EBP genes in adipocyte differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:30057-30060.
52. Poli V. The role of C/EBP isoforms in the control of inflammatory and native immunity functions. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273: 29279-29282.
53. Akira S, Kishimoto T, NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B in cytokine gene regulation. Adv. Immunol. 1997;65:1-46.
54. Tanaka T, Akira S, Yoshida K, Umemoto M, Yoneda Y, Shirafuji N, Fujiwara H, Suematsu S, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages. Cell 1995;80:353-361.
55. Ubeda M, Wang XZ, Zinszner H, Wu I, Habener JF, Ron D. Stress-induced binding of the transcriptional factor CHOP to a novel DNA control element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996;16:1479-1489.
56. Wang XZ, Ron D. Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP kinase. Science 1996;272:1347-1349.
57. Sterneck E, Tessarollo L, Johnson PF. An essential role for C/EBPbeta in female reproduction. Genes Dev. 1997;11: 2153-2162.
58. Cao Z, Umek RM, McKnight SL. Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Genes Dev. 1991;5:1538-1552.
59. Lekstrom-Himes J, Xanthopoulos KG. Biological role of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:28545-28548.
60. Gorgoni B, Maritano D, Marthyn P, Righi M, Poll V. C/EBP beta gene inactivation causes both impaired and enhanced gene expression and inverse regulation of IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNAs in macrophages. J. Immunol. 2002;168:4055-4062.
61. Screpanti I, Romani L, Musiani P, Modesti A, Fattori E, Lazzaro D, Sellitto C, Scarpa S, Bellavia D, Lattanzio G, Bistoni F, Frati L, Cortese R, Gulino A, Ciliberto A, Constantini F, Poli V. Lymphoproliterative disorder and imbalanced T-helper response in C/EBP beta-deficient mice. EMBO J. 1995;14:1932-1941.
62. Chen X, Liu W, Ambrosino C, Ruocco MR, Poli V, Romani L, Quinto I, Barbieri S, Holmes KL, Venuta S, Scala G. Impaired generation of bone marrow B lymphocytes in mice deficient in C/EBPbeta. Blood 1997;90:156-164.
63. Diehl AM. Roles of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins in regulation of liver regenerative growth. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273: 30843-30846.
64. Natsuka S, Akira S, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Sugita T, Isshiki H, Kishimoto T. Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6. Blood 1992;79: 460-466.
65. Taubenfeld SM, Milekic MH, Monti B, Alberini CM. The consolidation of new but not reactivated memory requires hippocampal C/EBPbeta. Nat. Neurosci. 2001;4:813-818.
66. Menard C, Hein P, Paquin A, Savelson A, Yang XM, Lederfein D, Barnabe-Heider F, Mir AA, Sterneck E, Peterson AC, Johnson PF, Vinson C, Miller FD. An essential role for a MEK-C/EBP pathway during growth factor-regulated cortical neurogenesis. Neuron 2002;36:597-610.
67. Stein B, Cogswell PC, Baldwin AS Jr. Functional and physical associations between NF-kappa B and C/EBP family members: a Rel domain-bZIP interaction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1993;13:3964-3974.
68. Chen PL, Riley DJ, Chen-Kiang S, Lee WH. Retinoblastoma protein directly interacts with and activates the transcription factor NF-IL6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996;93:465-469.
69. Lee YH, Williams SC, Baer M, Sterneck E, Gonzalez FJ, Johnson PF. The ability of C/EBP beta but not C/EBP alpha to synergize with an Sp1 protein is specified by the leucine zipper and activation domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997;17:2038-2047.
70. Alonzi T, Maritano D, Gorgoni B, Rizzuto G, Libert C, Poli V. Essential role of STAT3 in the control of the acute-phase response as revealed by inducible gene inactivation (correction of activation) in the liver. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001;21:1621-1632.
71. Xu M, Nie L, Kim SH, Sun XH. Stat5-induced Id-1 transcription involves recruitment of HDAC1 and deacetylation of C/EBPbeta. EMBO J. 2003;22:893-904.
72. Descombes P, Chojkier M, Lichtsteiner S, Falvey E, Schibler U. LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein. Genes Dev. 1990;4: 1541-1551.
73. Poli V, Mancini FP, Cortese R. 1L-6DBP, a nuclear protein involved in interleukin-6 signal transduction, defines a new family of leucine zipper proteins related to C/EBP. Cell 1990;63: 643-653.
74. Descombes P, Schibler U. A liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein, LAP, and a transcriptional inhibitory protein, LIP, are translated from the same mRNA. Cell 1991;67:569-579.
75. Ron D, Habener JF. CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription. Genes Dev. 1992;6:439-453,
76. Wang XZ, Kuroda M, Sok J, Batchvarova N, Kimmel R, Chung P, Zinszner H, Ron D. Identification of novel stress-induced genes downstream of chop. EMBO J. 1998;17:3619-3630.
77. Akira S, Isshiki H, Sugita T, Tanabe O, Kinoshita S, Nishio Y, Nakajima T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. A nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C/EBP family. EMBO J. 1990;9:1897-1906.
78. Yin M, Yang SQ, Lin HZ, Lane MD, Chatterjee S, Diehl AM. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotes nuclear localization of cytokine-inducible CCAAT/enhancer binding protein isoforms in hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:17974-17978.
79. Liu JS, Park EA, Gurney AL, Roesler WJ, Hanson RW. Cyclic AMP induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription is mediated by multiple promoter elements. J. Biol. Chem. 1991;266:19095-19102.
80. Trautwein C, Caelles C, van der Geer P, Hunter T, Karin M, Chojkier M. Transactivation by NF-IL6/LAP is enhanced by phosphorylation of its activation domain. Nature 1993;364: 544-547.
81. Nakajima T, Kinoshita S, Sasagawa T, Sasaki K, Naruto M, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Phosphorylation at threonine-235 by a ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is essential for transcription factor NF-IL6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993;90: 2207-2211.
82. Buck M, Poli V, Hunter T, Chojkier M. C/EBPbeta phosphorylation by RSK creates a functional XEXD caspase inhibitory box critical for cell survival. Mol. Cell 2001;8:807-816.
83. Buck M, Poli V, van der Geer P, Chojkier M, Hunter T. Phosphorylation of rat serine 105 or mouse threonine 217 in C/EBF beta is required for hepatocyte proliferation induced by TGF alpha. Mol. Cell 1999;4:1087-1092.
84. Shimizu H, Yamamoto K. NF-kappa B and C/EBP transcription factor families synergistically function in mouse serum amyloid A gene expression induced by inflammatory cytokines. Gene 1994;149:305-310.
85. Oelgeschlager M, Nuchprayoon I, Luscher B, Friedman AD. C/EBP, c-Myb, and PU.1 cooperate to regulate the neutrophil elastase promoter. Mol Cell. Biol. 1996;16:4717-4725.
86. Ray A, Hannink M, Ray BK. Concerted participation of NF-kappa B and C/EBP heteromer in lipopolysaccharide induction of serum amyloid A gene expression in liver. J. Biol. Chem. 1995;270: 7365-7374.
87. Betts JC, Cheshire JK, Akira S, Kishimoto T, Woo P. The role of NF-kappa B and NF-IL6 transactivating factors in the synergistic activation of human serum amyloid A gene expression by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6. J. Biol. Chem. 1993;268:25624-25631.
88. Matsusaka T, Fujikawa K, Nishio Y, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B synergistically activate transcription of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993;90:10193-10197.
89. Plevy SE, Gemberling JH, Hsu S, Dorner AJ, Smale ST. Multiple control elements mediate activation of the murine and human interleukin 12 p40 promoters: evidence of functional synergy between C/EBP and Rel proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997;17: 4572-4588.
90. Dunn SM, Coles LS, Lang RK, Gerondakis S, Vadas MA, Shannon MF. Requirement for nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 and NF-interleukin-6 binding elements in the tumor necrosis factor response region of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promoter. Blood 1994;83:2469-2479.
91. Lee YM, Miau LH, Chang CJ, Lee SC. Transcriptional induction of the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene by synergistic interaction of two alternative activator forms of AGP/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP beta) and NF-kappaB or Nopp140. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996;16:4257-4263.
92. Victor I, Oliveira IC, Vilcek J. CCAAT box enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-alpha) stimulates kappaB element-mediated transcription in transfected cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271: 5595-5602.
93. Ruocco MR, Chen X, Ambrosino C, Dragonetti E, Liu W, Mallardo M, De Falco G, Palmieri C, Franzoso G, Quinto I, Venuta S, Scala G. Regulation of HIV-1 long terminal repeats by interaction of GEBP(NF-IL6) and NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:22479-22486.
94. Brasier AR, Ron D, Tate JE, Habener JF. A family of constitutive C/EBP-like DNA binding proteins attenuate the IL-1 alpha induced, NF kappa B mediated trans-activation of the angiotensinogen gene acute-phase response element. EMBO J. 1990;9:3933-3944.
95. LeClair KP, Blanar MA, Shaip PA. The p50 subunit of NF-kappa B associates with the NF-IL6 transcription factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992;89:8145-8149.
96. Cooper CL, Berrier AL, Roman C, Calame KL. Limited expression of C/EBP family proteins during B lymphocyte development. Negative regulator Ig/EBP predominates early and activator NF-IL-6 is induced later. J. Immunol. 1994;153:5049-5058.
97. Xiao W, Wang L, Yang X, Chen T, Hodge D, Johnson PF, Farrar W. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta mediates interferon-gamma-induced p48 (ISGF3-gamma) gene transcription in human monocytic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:23275-23281.
98. Weihua X, Hu J, Roy SK, Mannino SB, Kalvakolanu DV. Interleukin-6 modulates interferon-regulated gene expression by inducing the ISGF3gamma gene using CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBP-beta). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2000;1492:163-171.
99. Cohen B, Gothelf Y, Vaiman D, Chen L, Revel M, Chebath J. Interleukin-6 induces the (2′-5′) oligoadenylate synthetase gene in M1 cells through an effect on the interferon-responsive enhancer. Cytokine 1991;3:83-91.
100. Gothelf Y, Raber J, Chen L, Schattner A, Chebath J, Revel M. Terminal differentiation of myeloleukemic M1 cells induced by IL-6: role of endogenous interferon. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 1991;10:369-375.
101. Dansky-Ullmann C, Salgaller M, Adams S, Schlom J, Greiner JW. Synergistic effects of IL-6 and IFN-gamma on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and HLA expression by human colorectal carcinoma cells: role for endogenous IFN-beta. Cytokine 1995;7:118-129.
102. Trautwein C, van der Geer P, Karin M, Hunter T, Chojkier M. Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations of LAP (NF-IL6) modulate its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements. J. Clin. Invest. 1994;93:2554-2561.
103. Trautwein C, Walker DL, Plumpe J, Manns MP. Transactivation of LAP/NF-IL6 is mediated by an acidic domain in the N-terminal part of the protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1995;270:15130-15136.
104. Roy SK, Hu J, Meng Q, Xia Y, Shapiro PS, Reddy SP, Platanias LC, Lindner DJ, Johnson PF, Pritchard C, Pages G, Pouyssegur J, Kalvakolanu DV. MEKK1 plays a critical role in activating the transcription factor C/EBP-beta-dependent gene expression in response to IFN-gamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002;99: 7945-7950.
105. Gu W, Roeder RG. Activation of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding by acetylation of the p53 C-terminal domain. Cell 1997;90:595-606.
106. Kim J, Cantwell CA, Johnson PF, Pfarr CM, Williams SC. Transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins is controlled by a conserved inhibitory domain that is a target for sumoylation. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:38037-38044.
107. Stancato LF, Sakatsume M, David M, Dent P, Dong F, Petricoin EF, Krolewski JJ, Silvennoinen O, Saharinen P, Pierce J, Marshall CJ, Sturgill T, Finbloom DS, Lamer AC. Beta interferon and oncostatin M activate Rat-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase through a JAK1-dependent pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997;17: 3833-3840.
108. Sakatsume M, Stancato LF, David M, Silvennoinen O, Saharinen P, Pierce J, Larner AC, Finbloom DS. Interferon gamma activation of Raf-1 is Jak 1-dependent and p21ras-independent. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:3021-3026.
109. Stancato LF, Yu CR, Petricoin EF 3rd, Larner AC. Activation of raf-1 by interferon gamma and oncostatin M requires expression of the Stat1 transcription factor. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273: 18701-18704.
110. Lewis TL, Shapiro PS, Ahn NG. Cell signaling transduction through MAP kinase cascades. Adv. Cancer Res. 1998;74:49-139.
111. Cobb MH. MAP kinase pathways. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 1999;71:479-500.
112. Schlessinger J. Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 2000;103:211-225.
113. Fanger GR, Johnson NL, Johnson GL. MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J. 1997;16:4961-4972.
114. Hu J, Roy SK, Shapiro PS, Rodig SR, Reddy SP, Platanias LC, Schreiber RD, Kalvakolanu DV. ERK1 and ERK2 Activate CCAAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta-dependent gene transcription in response to interferon-gamma. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:287-297.
115. Favata MF, Horiuchi KY, Manos EJ, Daulerio AJ, Stradley DA, Feeser WS, Van Dyk DE, Pitts WJ, Earl RA, Hobbs F, Copeland RA, Magolda RL, Scherle PA, Trzaskos JM. Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:18623-18632.
116. Yan M, Dai T, Deak JC, Kyriakis JM, Zon LI, Woodgett JR, Templeton DJ. Activation of stress-activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1. Nature 1994;372: 798-800.
117. Deak JC, Templeton DJ. Regulation of the activity of MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) by autophosphorylation within the kinase activation domain. Biochem. J. 1997;322:185-192.
118. Yujiri T, Sather S, Fanger GR, Johnson GL. Role of MEKK1 in cell survival and activation of JNK and ERK pathways defined by targeted gene disruption. Science 1998;282:1911-1914.
119. Karandikar M, Xu S, Cobb MH. MEKK1 binds raf-1 and the ERK2 cascade components. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275:40120-40127.
120. Xu S, Robbins D, Frost J, Dang A, Lange-Carter C, Cobb MH. MEKK1 phosphorylates MEK1 and MEK2 but does not cause activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995;92:6808-6812.
121. Baud V, Liu ZG, Bennett B, Suzuki N, Xia Y, Karin M. Signaling by proinflammatory cytokines: oligomerization of TRAF2 and TRAF6 is sufficient for JNK and IKK activation and target gene induction via an amino-terminal effector domain. Genes Dev. 1999;13:1297-1308.
122. Lee FS, Peters RT, Dang LC, Maniatis T. MEKK1 activates both IkappaB kinase alpha and IkappaB kinase beta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 1998;95:9319-9324.
123. Xia Y, Makris C, Su B, Li E, Yang J, Nemerow GR, Karin M. MEK kinase 1 is critically required for c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by proinflammatory stimuli and growth factor-induced cell migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000;97:5243-5248.
124. Kim T, Kim TY, Lee WG, Yim J, Kim TK. Signaling pathways to the assembly of an interferon-beta enhanceosome. Chemical genetic studies with a small molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275: 16910-16917.
125. Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A. Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta. Mol. Cell 2004;13:241-250.
126. Hu J, Meng Q, Roy SK, Raha A, Zhang J, Hashimoto K, Kalvakolanu DV. A novel transactivating factor that regulates IFN-γ dependent gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277: 30253-30263.
127. Meng Q, Raha A, Roy S, Hu J, Kalvakolanu DV. IFN-γ-stimulated transcriptional activation by IFN-γ-activated transcriptional element-binding factor 1 occurs via an inducible interaction with CAAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β. J. Immunol. 2005;174: 6203-6211.
128. Gallo KA, Johnson GL. Mixed-lineage kinase control of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002;3:663-672.
129. Bock BC, Vacratsis PO, Qamirani E, Gallo KA. Cdc42-induced activation of the mixed-lineage kinase SPRK in vivo. Requirement of the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif and changes in phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275:14231-14241.
130. Leung IW, Lassam N. Dimerization via tandem leucine zippers is essential for the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MLK-3. J. Biol. Chem. 1998;273:32408-32415.
131. Leung IW, Lassam N. The kinase activation loop is the key to mixed lineage kinase-3 activation via both autophosphorylation and hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:1961-1967.
132. Tibbles LA, Ing YL, Kiefer F, Chan J, Iscove N, Woodgett JR, Lassam NJ. MLK-3 activates the SAPK/JNK and p38/RK pathways via SEK1 and MKK3/6. EMBO J. 1996;15:7026-7035.
133. Nihalani D, Meyer D, Pajni S, Holzman LB. Mixed lineage kinase-dependent JNK activation is governed by interactions of scaffold protein JIP with MAPK module components. EMBO J. 2001;20:3447-3458.
134. Mota M, Reeder M, Chernoff J, Bazenet CE. Evidence for a role of mixed lineage kinases in neuronal apoptosis. J. Neurosci. 2001;21:4949-4957.
135. Xu Z, Maroney AC, Dobrzanski P, Kukekov NV, Greene LA. The MLK family mediates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in neuronal apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001;21:4713-4724.
136. Smith-Swintosky VL, Kraemer PJ, Bruce AJ, McCants N, Maki A, Brown RW, Alcala M, Goodman Y, Slevin JT, Mattson MP. Bacterial alkaloids mitigate seizure-induced hippocampal damage and spatial memory deficits. Exp. Neurol. 1996;141:287-296.
137. Roux PP, Dorval G, Boudreau M, Angers-Loustau A, Morris SJ, Makkerh J, Barker PA. K252a and CEP1347 are neuroprotective compounds that inhibit mixed-lineage kinase-3 and induce activation of Akt and ERK. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:49473-49480.
138. Roy SK, Shuman JD, Platanias LC, Shapiro PS, Reddy SP, Johnson PF, Kalvakolanu DV. A role for mixed lineage kinases in regulating transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding β-dependent gene expression in response to interferon-γ. J. Biol. Chem. 2005;280:24462-24471.
139. Ruff VA, Leach KL. Direct demonstration of NFATp dephosphorylation and nuclear localization in activated HT-2 cells using a specific NFATp polyclonal antibody. J. Biol. Chem. 1995;270: 22602-22607.
140. Wesselborg S, Fruman DA, Sagoo JK, Bierer BE, Burakoff SJ. Identification of a physical interaction between calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATp). J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:1274-1277.
141. Okamura H, Aramburu J, Garcia-Rodriguez C, Viola JP, Raghavan A, Tahiliani M, Zhang X, Qin J, Hogan PG, Rao A. Concerted dephosphorylation of the transcription factor NFAT1 induces a conformational switch that regulates transcriptional activity. Mol. Cell 2000;6:539-550.
142. Adachi M, Lewis EJ. The paired-like homeodomain protein, Arix, mediates protein kinase A-stimulated dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene transcription through its phosphorylation status. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:22915-22924.
143. Shuman JD, Sebastian T, Kaldis P, Copeland TD, Zhu S, Smart RC, Johnson PF. Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of C/EBP-beta mediates oncogenic cooperativity between C/EBPbeta and H-RasV12. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004;24:7380-7391.
144. Bromberg JF, Horvath CM, Wen Z, Schreiber RD, Darnell JE Jr. Transcriptionally active Stat1 is required for the antiproliferative effects of both interferon alpha and Interferon gamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996;93:7673-7678.
145. Heda GD, Kehoe KJ, Mahdi F, Schmaier AH. Phosphatase 2A participates in imerferon-gamma's induced upregulation of C1 inhibitor mRNA expression. Blood 1996;87:2831-2838.
146. Zhu S, Yoon K, Sterneck E, Johnson PF, Smart RC. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta is a mediator of keratinocyte survival and skin tumorigenesis involving oncogenic Ras signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002;99:207-212.
147. Chadee DN, Kyriakis JM. MLK3 is required for mitogen activation of B-Raf, ERK and cell proliferation. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2004;6:770-776.
148. Williams BR. Role of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) in cell regulation. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1997;25: 509-513.
149. Ait-Si-Ali S, Ramirez S, Barre FX, Dkhissi F, Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Girault JA, Robin P, Knibiehler M, Pritchard LL, Ducommun B, Trouche D, Harel-Bellan A. Histone acetyltransferase activity of CBP is controlled by cycle-dependent kinases and oncoprotein E1A. Nature 1998;396:184-186.
150. Kitabayashi I, Eckner R, Arany Z, Chiu R, Gachelin G, Livingston DM, Yokoyama KK. Phosphorylation of the adenovirus E1A-associated 300 kDa protein in response to retinoic acid and E1A during the differentiation of F9 cells. EMBO J. 1995;14:3496-3509.
151. Impey S, Fong AL, Wang Y, Cardinaux JR, Fass DM, Obrietan K, Wayman GA, Storm DR, Soderling TR, Goodman RH. Phosphorylation of CBP mediates transcriptional activation by neural activity and CaM kinase IV. Neuron 2002;34:235-244.
152. Ait-Si-Ali S, Carlisi D, Ramirez S, Upegui-Gonzalez LC, Duquel A, Robin P, Rudkin B, Harel-Bellan A, Trouche D. Phosphorylation by p44 MAP kinase/ERK1 stimulates CBP histone acetyl transferase activity in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999;262:157-162.
153. Kovacs KA, Steinmann M, Magistretti PJ, Halfon O, Cardinaux JR. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members recruit the coactivator CBP and trigger its phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:36959-36965.
154. Schwartz C, Beck K, Mink S, Schmolke M, Budde B, Wenning D, Klempnauer KH. Recruitment of p300 by C/EBPbeta triggers phosphorylation of p300 and modulates coactivator activity. EMBO J. 2003;22:882-892.
155. Gustafsson CM, Samuelsson T. Mediator - a universal complex in transcriptional regulation. Mol. Microbiol. 2001;41:1-8.
156. Ito M, Roeder RG. The TRAP/SMCC/mediator complex and thyroid hormone receptor function. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2001;12:127-134.
157. Myers LC. Kornberg RD. Mediator of transcriptional regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2000;69:729-749.
158. Orphanides G, Reinberg D. A unified theory of gene expression. Cell 2002;108:439-451.