New insights into inhibitors of adipogenesis

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 303-307

  Harp, Joyce B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b University of North Carolina   (United States)

Author keywords

Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Inhibitors; Lipodystrophy; Obesity; Preadipocytes

Indexed keywords

CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; CYTOKINE; GENISTEIN; LIPID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; SMAD3 PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 3; WNT PROTEIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME INHIBITION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; LIPODYSTROPHY; METABOLIC INHIBITION; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; ORGANOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOKINES; DEPRESSION, CHEMICAL; FATTY ACIDS; GENISTEIN; HIV-ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY SYNDROME; HUMANS; OBESITY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 2642515832     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200406000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Spiegelman BM, Flier JS. Obesity and the regulation of energy balance. Cell 2001; 104:531-543.
2. Faust IM, Johnson PR, Stern JS, Hirsch J. Diet-induced adipocyte number increase in adult rats: a new model of obesity. Am J Physiol 1978; 235:E279-E286.
3. Prins JB, O'Rahilly S. Regulation of adipose cell number in man. Clin Sci 1997; 92:3-11.
4. Hausman DB, DiGirolamo M, Bartness TJ, et al. The biology of white adipocyte proliferation. Obes Rev 2001; 2:239-254.
5. Salans LB, Cushman SW, Weismann RE. Studies of human adipose tissue. Adipose cell size and number in non-obese and obese patients. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:929-941.
6. Knittle JL, Timmers K, Ginsberg-Fellner F, et al. The growth of adipose tissue in children and adolescents. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of adipose cell number and size. J Clin Invest 1979; 63:239-246.
7. Hirsch J, Batchelor B. Adipose tissue cellularity in human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976; 5:299-311.
8. Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Siervogel RM, et al. Adipocytes and adiposity in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:1798-1803.
9. Kirkland JL, Hollenberg CH, Kindler S, Gillon WS. Effects of age and anatomic site on preadipocyte number in rat fat depots. J Gerontol Biol Sci 1994; 49:B31-B35.
10. Hauner H, Entenmann G, Wabitsch M, et al. Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1663-1670.
11. van Harmelen V, Skurk T, Rohrig K, et al. Effect of BMI and age on adipose tissue cellularity and differentiation capacity in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:889-895.
12. DiGirolamo M, Fine JB, Tagra K, Rossmanith RT. Qualitative regional differences in adipose tissue growth and cellularity in male Wistar rats fed ad libitum. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:R1460-R1467.
13. Roncari DAK. Abnormalities of adipose tissue in massive obesity. Int J Obes 1990; 14:187-192.
14. Considine RV, Nyce MR, Morales LM, et al. Paracrine stimulation of preadipocyte-enriched cell cultures by mature adipocytes. Am J Physiol 1996; 270:E895-E899.
15. van Harmelen V, Skurk T, Rohrig K, et al. Effect of BMI and age on adipose tissue cellularity and differentiation capacity in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27:889-895.
16. Green H, Kehinde O. Sublines of mouse 3T3 cells that accumulate lipid. Cell 1974; 1:113-116.
17. Green H, Meuth M. An established pre-adipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. Cell 1974; 3:127-133.
18. Yajima Y, Sato M, Sumida M, Kawashima S. Mechanism of adult primitive mesenchymal ST-13 preadipocyte differentiation. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2559-2565.
19. Valet P, Tavernier G, Castan-Laurell I, et al. Understanding adipose tissue development from transgenic animal models. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:835-860.
20. Rosen ED, Walkey CJ, Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM. Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Genes Dev 2000; 14:1293-1307.
21. Rosen ED, Hsu C-H, Wang X, et al. C/EBP induces adipogenesis through PPAR: a unified pathway. Genes Dev 2002; 16:22-26.
22. Spiegelman BM, Flier JS. Adipogenesis and obesity: rounding out the big picture. Cell 1996; 87:377-389.
23. Arioglu E, Duncan-Morin J, Sebring N, et al. Efficacy and safety of troglitazone in the treatment of lipodystrophy syndromes. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133:263-274.
24. Green H, Kehinde O. Spontaneous heritable changes leading to increased adipose conversion in 3T3 cells. Cell 1976; 7:105-113.
25. Green H, Kehinde O. Formation of normally differentiated subcutaneous fat pads by an established preadipose cell line. J Cell Physiol 1979; 101:169-172.
26. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:4279-4295.
27. MacDougald OA, Mandrup S. Adipogenesis: forces that tip the scales. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2002; 13:5-11.
28. Rupnick MA, Panigrahy D, Zhang C-Y, et al. From the cover: Adipose tissue mass can be regulated through the vasculature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:10730-10735.
29. Fukumura D, Ushiyama A, Duda DG, et al. Paracrine regulation of angiogenesis and adipocyte differentiation during in vivo adipogenesis. Circ Res 2003; 93:88-97.
30. Zhou Y-T, Wang Z-W, Higa M, et al. Reversing adipocyte differentiation: implications for treatment of obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:2391-2395.
31. Papineau D, Gagnon A, Sorisky A. Apoptosis of human abdominal preadipocytes before and after differentiation into adipocytes in culture. Metabolism 2003; 52:987-992.
32. Gimble JM, Dorheim MA, Cheng Q, et al. Response of bone marrow stromal cells to adipogenic antagonist. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:4587-4595.
33. Gimble JM, Wanker F, Chi-Sun W, et al. Regulation of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation by cytokines whose receptors share the gp130 protein. J Cell Biochem 1994; 54:122-133.
34. Ron D, Brasier AR, McGehee RE Jr, Habener JF. Tumor necrosis factor-induced reversal of adipocytic phenotype of 3T3-L1 cells is preceded by a loss of nuclear CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). J Clin Invest 1992; 89:223-233.
35. Suzawa M, Takada I, Yanagisawa J, et al. Cytokines suppress adipogenesis and PPAR-gamma function through the TAK1/TAB1/NIK cascade. Nat Cell Biol 2003; 5:224-230.
36. Choy L, Derynck R. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits adipocyte differentiation by Smad3 interacting with CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and repressing C/EBP transactivation function. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:9609-9619.
37. Hua K, Deng, J, Harp JB. Interleukin-4 inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced preadipocyte induced preadipocyte proliferation. Cytokine 2004; 25:61-67.
38. Wallenius V, Wallenius K, Ahren B, et al. Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop maturity-onset obesity. Nat Med 2002; 8:75-79.
39. Xu H, Hirosumi J, Uysal KT, et al. Exclusive action of transmembrane TNFα in adipose tissue leads to reduced adipose mass and local but not systemic insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2002; 143:1502-1511.
40. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:1796-1808. This is an interesting study that shows that macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of the obese may play a role in insulin resistance and cytokine production in adipose tissue.
41. Lambert PD, Anderson KD, Sleeman MW, et al. From the cover: Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin-resistant obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:4652-4657.
42. Zvonic S, Cornelius P, Stewart WC, et al. The regulation and activation of ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling proteins in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:2228-2235.
43. Ettinger MP, Littlejohn TW, Schwartz SL, et al. Recombinant variant of ciliary neurotrophic factor for weight loss in obese adults: a randomized, dose-ranging study. JAMA 2003; 289:1826-1832. This is the first human trial to suggest that an inhibitor of adipose tissue enlargement may be used for the treatment of obesity.
44. Grinspoon S, Mulligan K. Weight loss and wasting in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36(Suppl 2):S69-S78.
45. Tisdale MJ. Biology of cachexia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:1763-1773.
46. Anker SD, Sharma R. The syndrome of cardiac cachexia. Int J Cardiol 2002; 85:51-66.
47. Leow MKS, Addy CL, Mantzoros CS. Human immunodeficiency virus/highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated metabolic syndrome: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:1961-1976.
48. Caron M, Auclair M, Sterlingot H, et al. Some HIV protease inhibitors alter lamin A/C maturation and stability, SREBP-1 nuclear localization and adipocyte differentiation. AIDS 2003; 17:2437-2444.
49. Dowell P, Flexner C, Kwiterovich PO, Lane MD. Suppression of preadipocyte differentiation and promotion of adipocyte death by HIV protease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:41325-41332.
50. Jain RG, Lenhard JM. Select HIV protease inhibitors alter bone and fat metabolism ex vivo. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:19247-19250.
51. Lenhard JM, Furfine ES, Jain RG, et al. HIV protease inhibitors block adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in vitro. Antiviral Res 2000; 47:121-129.
52. Wentworth J, Burris TP, Chatterjee VK. HIV protease inhibitors block human preadipocyte differentiation, but not via the PPARgamma/RXR heterodimer. J Endocrinol 2000; 164:R7-R10.
53. Zhang B, MacNaul K, Szalkowski D, et al. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by HIV protease inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:4274-4277.
54. Lihn AS, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB, et al. Increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in HALS: implications for reduced adiponectin expression and plasma levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285:E1072-E1080.
55. Kannisto K, Sutinen J, Korsheninnikova E, et al. Expression of adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1, IL-6 and CD45 in subcutaneous adipose tissue in lipodystrophy associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2003; 17:1753-1762.
56. Hutley LJ, Newell FM, Joyner JM, et al. Effects of rosiglitazone and linoleic acid on human preadipocyte differentiation. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33:574-581.
57. Geliebter A, Bracco EF, Van Itallie TB, Hashim SA. Medium-chain triglyceride diet and obesity. Int J Obes 1984; 8:191-192.
58. Han J, Hamilton JA, Kirkland JL, et al. Medium-chain oil reduces fat mass and down-regulates expression of adipogenic genes in rats. Obes Res 2003; 11:734-744.
59. Han J, Farmer SR, Kirkland JL, et al. Octanoate attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Nutr 2002; 132:904-910.
60. St-Onge M-P, Ross R, Parsons WD, Jones PJH. Medium-chain triglycerides increase energy expenditure and decrease adiposity in overweight men. Obes Res 2003; 11:395-402.
61. Tsuji H, Kasai M, Takeuchi H, et al. Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols suppress accumulation of body fat in a double-blind, controlled trial in healthy men and women. J Nutr 2001; 131:2853-2859.
62. Brown JM, McIntosh MK. Conjugated linoleic acid in humans: regulation of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. J Nutr 2003; 133:3041-3046.
63. Hargrave KM, Li C, Meyer BJ, et al. Adipose depletion and apoptosis induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in mice. Obes Res 2002; 10:1284-1290.
64. Brown JM, Boysen MS, Jensen SS, et al. Isomer-specific regulation of metabolism and PPARgamma signaling by CLA in human preadipocytes. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:1287-1300.
65. Setchell K, Cassidy A. Dietary isolflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr 1999; 129:S758-S767.
66. Setchell K, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Cai J, Heubi JE. Exposure of infants to phyto-oestrogens from soy-based infant formula. Lancet 1997; 349:23-27.
67. Harmon AW, Harp JB. Differential effects of flavonoids on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and lipolysis. Am J Physiol 2001; 280:C807-C813.
68. Harmon AW, Patel YM, Harp JB. Genistein inhibits CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b (C/EBPb) activity and 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by increasing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Biochem J 2002; 367:203-208.
69. Naaz A, Yellayi S, Zakroczymski MA, et al. The soy isoflavone genistein decreases adipose deposition in mice. Endocrinology 2003; 144:3315-3320.
70. Mezei O, Banz WJ, Steger RW, et al. Soy isoflavones exert antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects through the PPAR pathways in obese Zucker rats and murine RAW 264.7 cells. J Nutr 2003; 133:1238-1243.
71. Villena J, Kim KH, Sul HS. Pref-1 and ADSF/resistin: two secreted factors inhibiting adipose tissue development. Horm Metab Res 2002; 34:664-670.
72. Lee K, Villena JA, Moon YS, et al. Inhibition of adipogenesis and development of glucose intolerance by soluble preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1). J Clin Invest 2003; 111:453-461. This interesting paper builds on previous reports that Pref-1 is an important preadipocyte-specific inhibitor of fat cell formation in whole animals.
73. Moon YS, Smas CM, Lee K, et al. Mice lacking paternally expressed Pref-1/Dlk1 display growth retardation and accelerated adiposity. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5585-5592.
74. Ross SE, Erickson RL, Gerin I, et al. Microarray analyses during adipogenesis: understanding the effects of Wnt signaling on adipogenesis and the roles of liver X receptor (alpha) in adipocyte metabolism. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5989-5999.
75. Tong Q, Dalgin G, Xu H, et al. Function of GATA transcription factors in preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. Science 2000; 290:134-138
76. Wolfrum C, Shih DQ, Kuwajima S, et al. Role of Foxa-2 in adipocyte metabolism and differentiation. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:345-356.
77. Nakae J, Kitamura T, Kitamura Y, et al. The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 regulates adipocyte differentiation. Dev Cell 2003; 4:119-129.
78. Blagoev B, Kratchmarova I, Nielsen MM, et al. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by resistin-like molecule alpha. Biochemical characterization of its oligomeric nature. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:42011-42016.
79. Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000; 106:473-481.
80. Yamauchi T, Oike Y, Kamon J, et al. Increased insulin sensitivity despite lipodystrophy in Crebbp heterozygous mice. Nat Genet 2002; 30:221-226.