Anthrax lethal toxin represses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation by inhibiting GR-DNA binding in vivo

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 241, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 21-31

  Webster, Jeanette I ^a,b   Sternberg, Esther M ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^b ProteinOne   (United States)

Author keywords

Anthrax; Glucocorticoid; Lethal factor; Lethal toxin; Nuclear hormone receptors; Receptor; Repression

Indexed keywords

ANTHRAX TOXIN; DNA; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA BINDING; HYPOTHESIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STABILITY; TOXIN ANALYSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; BACTERIAL TOXINS; CCAAT-ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEINS; CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS; COS CELLS; HISTONES; PROTEIN BINDING; RECEPTORS, GLUCOCORTICOID; RECEPTORS, PROGESTERONE; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; RNA POLYMERASE II; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS);

EID: 24644474636     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.011     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. I.M. Adcock, Y. Nasuhara, D.A. Stevens, and P.J. Barnes Ligand-induced differentiation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) trans-repression and transactivation: preferential targeting of NF-κB and lack of I-κB involvement Br. J. Pharmacol. 127 1999 1003 1011
2. A. Aranda, and A. Pascual Nuclear hormone receptors and gene expression Physiol. Rev. 81 2001 1269 1304
3. A.S. Baldwin Jr. The NF-κB and IκB proteins: new discoveries and insights Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14 1996 649 681
4. R. Bhatnagar, and S. Batra Anthrax toxin Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 27 2001 167 200
5. J.E. Bodwell, L.A. Kingsley, and J.W. Hamilton Arsenic at very low concentrations alters glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene activation but not GR-mediated gene repression: Complex dose-response effects are closely correlated with levels of activated GR and require a functional GR DNA binding domain Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17 2004 1064 1076
6. E. Caldenhoven, J. Liden, S. Wissink, A. Van de Stolpe, J. Raaijmakers, L. Joenderman, S. Okret, J.-Å. Gustafsson, and P.T. van der Saag Negative cross-talk between RelA and the glucocorticoid receptor: a possible mechanism for the antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids Mol. Endocrinol. 9 1995 401 412
7. R.J. Collier, and J.A. Young Anthrax toxin Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 19 2003 45 70
8. X. Cui, M. Moayeri, Y. Li, X. Li, M. Haley, Y. Fitz, R. Correa-Araujo, S.M. Banks, S.H. Leppla, and P.Q. Eichacker Lethality during continuous anthrax lethal toxin infusion is associated with circulatory shock but not inflammatory cytokine or nitric oxide release in rats Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 286 2004 699 709
9. K. de Bosscher, M.L. Schmitz, W. Vanden Berghe, S. Plaisance, W. Fiers, and G. Haegeman Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription involved direct interference with transactivation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1997 13504 13509
10. Y. Dong, L. Poellinger, J.A. Gustafsson, and S. Okret Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression: evidence for transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms Mol. Endocrinol. 2 1988 1256 1264
11. J. Drouin, Y.L. Sun, and M. Nemer Novel mechanism of action for Nur77 and antagonism by glucocorticoids: a convergent mechanism for CRH activation and glucocorticoid repression of POMC gene transcription J. Steroid Biochem. 34 1989 63 69
12. N.S. Duesbery, C.P. Webb, S.H. Leppla, V.M. Gordon, K.R. Klimpel, T.D. Copeland, N.G. Ahn, M.K. Oskarsson, K. Fukasawa, K.D. Paull, and G.F. Vande Woude Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor Science 280 1998 734 737
13. C.K.I. Edwards, L.M. Yunger, R.M. Lorence, R. Dantzer, and K.W. Kelley The pituitary gland is required fro protection against lethal effects of Salmonella typhimurium Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 1991 2274 2277
14. J.L. Erwin, L.M. DaSilva, S. Bavari, S.F. Little, A.M. Friedlander, and T.C. Chanh Macrophage-derived cell lines do not express proinflammatory cytokines after exposure to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin Infect. Immun. 69 2001 1175 1177
15. S. Ghosh, M.J. May, and E.B. Kopp NF-κB and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 1998 225 260
16. S.A. Gomez, G.C. Fernandez, S. Vanzulli, G. Dran, C. Rubel, T. Berki, M.A. Isturiz, and M.S. Palermo Endogenous glucocorticoids attenuate Shiga toxin-2-induced toxicity in a mouse model of haemolytic uraemic syndrome Clin. Exp. Immunol. 131 2003 217 224
17. T. Grange, L. Cappabianca, M. Flavin, H. Sassi, and H. Thomassin In vivo analysis of the model tyrosine aminotransferase gene reveals multiple sequential steps in glucocorticoid receptor action Oncogene 20 2001 3028 3038
18. P.C. Hanna, D. Acosta, and R.J. Collier On the role of macrophages in anthrax Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 1993 10198 10201
19. C.B. Harvey, and G.R. Williams Mechanism of thyroid hormone action Thyroid 12 2002 441 446
20. W. Hoeck, S. Rusconi, and B. Groner Down-regulation and phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors in cultured cells J. Biol. Chem. 264 1989 14396 14402
21. T.G. Hofmann, S.P. Hehner, S. Bacher, W. Droge, and M.L. Schmitz Various glucocorticoids differ in their ability to induce gene expression, apoptosis and to repress NF-κB-dependent transcription FEBS Lett. 441 1998 441 446
22. K. Ito, E. Jazrawi, B. Cosio, P.J. Barnes, and I.M. Adcock p65-activated histone acetyltransferase activity is repressed by glucocorticoids J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 30208 30215
23. H.K. Kinyamu, and T.K. Archer Modifying chromatin to permit steroid hormone receptor-dependent transcription Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1677 2004 30 45
24. H. Kleinert, C. Euchenhofer, I. Ihrig-Biedert, and U. Förstermann Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase II by down-regulating cytokine-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B Mol. Pharmacol. 49 1996 15 21
25. K.R. Klimpel, N. Arora, and S.H. Leppla Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity Mol. Microbiol. 13 1994 1093 1100
26. J.R. Lambert, and S.K. Nordeen Analysis of steroid hormone-induced histone acetylation by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay Meth. Mol. Biol. 176 2001 273 281
27. P. Lefebvre, D.S. Berard, M.G. Cordingley, and G.L. Hager Two regions of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat regulate the activity of its promoter in mammary cell lines Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 1991 2529 2537
28. S.H. Leppla Anthrax toxin K. Aktories I. Just Bacterial Protein Toxins 2000 Springer Berlin 445 472
29. J. Liden, I. Rafter, M. Truss, J.-Å. Gustafsson, and S. Okret Glucocorticoid effects on NF-κB binding in the transcription of the ICAM-1 gene Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 273 2000 1008 1014
30. M.L. Lu, M.C. Schneider, Y. Zheng, X. Zhang, and J.P. Richie Caveolin-1 interacts with androgen receptor. A positive modulator of androgen receptor mediated transactivation J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 13442 13451
31. I.A.M. MacPhee, F.A. Antoni, and D.W. Mason Spontaneous recovery of rats from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is dependent on regulation of the immune system by endogenous adrenal corticosteroids J. Exp. Med. 169 1989 431 445
32. L.I. McKay, and J.A. Cidlowski Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factor-κB and steroid receptor-signalling pathways Endocr. Rev. 20 1999 435 459
33. N.J. McKenna, R.B. Lanz, and B.W. O'Malley Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology Endocr. Rev. 20 1999 321 344
34. R. Miesfeld, P.J. Godowski, B.A. Maler, and K.R. Yamamoto Glucocorticoid receptor mutants that define a small region sufficient for enhance activation Science 236 1987 423 427
35. M. Moayeri, D. Haines, H.A. Young, and S.H. Leppla Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin induced TNF-α-independent hypoxia-mediated toxicity in mice J. Clin. Invest. 112 2003 670 682
36. M. Moayeri, N.W. Martinez, J. Wiggins, H.A. Young, and S.H. Leppla Mouse susceptibility to anthrax lethal toxin is influenced by genetic factors in addition to those controlling macrophage sensitivity Infect. Immun. 72 2004 4439 4447
37. Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee A unified nomenclature system for the nuclear receptor superfamily Cell 97 1999 161 163
38. S. Park, and S.H. Leppla Optimized production and purification of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor Protein Exp. Purif. 18 2000 293 302
39. R. Pellizzari, C. Guidi-Rontani, G. Vitale, M. Mock, and C. Montecucco Anthrax lethal factor cleaves MKK3 in macrophages and inhibits the LPS/IFNγ-induced release of NO and TNFα FEBS Lett. 462 1999 199 204
40. R. Pellizzari, C. Guidi-Rontani, G. Vitale, M. Mock, and C. Montecucco Lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs: analysis of the intracellular consequences in macrophages Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 290 2000 421 427
41. J. Ramdas, and J.M. Harmon Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and regulation of NF-κB activity in human leukemic T cells Endocrinology 139 1998 3813 3821
42. D.M. Ramirez, S.H. Leppla, R. Schneerson, and J. Shiloach Production, recovery and immunogenicity of the protective antigen from a recombinant strain of Bacillus anthracis J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 28 2002 232 238
43. A. Ray, and K.E. Prefontaine Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-κB and the glucocorticoid receptor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 1994 752 756
44. K.P. Ray, S. Farrow, M. Daly, F. Talabot, and N. Searle Induction of the E-selectin promoter by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor α, and inhibition by glucocorticoids Biochem. J. 328 1997 707 715
45. G. Rigaud, J. Roux, R. Pictet, and T. Grange In vivo footprinting of rat TAT gene: dynamic interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and a liver-specific factor Cell 67 1991 977 986
46. G.M. Ringold, P.R. Shank, H.E. Varmus, J. Ring, and K.R. Yamamoto Integration and transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA in rat hepatoma cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 1979 665 669
47. M.C. Ruzek, B.D. Pearce, A.H. Miller, and C.A. Biron Endogenous glucocorticoids protect against cytokine-mediated lethality during viral infection J. Immunol. 162 1999 3527 3533
48. R.I. Scheinman, A. Gualberto, C.M. Jewell, J.A. Cidlowski, and A.S. Baldwin Jr. Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression by NF-κB by activated glucocorticoid receptors Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 1995 943 953
49. R. Schule, M. Muller, C. Kaltschmidt, and R. Renkawitz Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors Science 242 1988 1418 1420
50. S. Shin, G.H. Hur, Y.B. Kim, G.B. Yeon, K.J. Park, Y.M. Park, and W.S. Lee Dehydroepiandrosterone and melatonin prevent Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-induced TNF production in macrophages Cell. Biol. Toxicol. 16 2000 165 174
51. H. Smith, J. Keppie, J.L. Stanley, and P.W. Harris-Smith The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. IV. Secondary shock as the major factor in death of guinea-pigs from anthrax Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 36 1955 323 335
52. E.M. Sternberg, J.M. Hill, G.P. Chrousos, T. Kamilaris, S.J. Listwak, P.W. Gold, and R.L. Wilder Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 1989 2374 2378
53. D. Szapary, Y. Huang, and S.S. Simons Jr. Opposing effects of corepressor and coactivators in determining the dose-response curve of agonists, and residual agonist activity of antagonists, for glucocorticoid receptor-regulated gene expression Mol. Endocrinol. 13 1999 2108 2121
54. B. van der Burg, J. Liden, S. Okret, F. Delaunay, S. Wissink, P.T. van der Saag, and J.-Å. Gustafsson Nuclear factor-κB repression in antiinflammation and immunosuppression by glucocorticoids Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 8 1997 152 157
55. G. Vitale, L. Bernardi, G. Napolitani, M. Mock, and C. Montecucco Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor Biochem. J. 352 2000 739 745
56. A.D. Wallace, and J.A. Cidlowski Proteosome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 42714 42721
57. J.I. Webster, L.H. Tonelli, M. Moayeri, S.S. Simons Jr., S.H. Leppla, and E.M. Sternberg Anthrax lethal factor represses glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 2003 5706 5711
58. P.M. Yen, Y. Liu, A. Sugawara, and W.W. Chin Vitamin D receptors repress basal transcription and exert dominant negative activity on triiodothyronine- mediated transcriptional activity J. Biol. Chem. 271 1996 10910 10916
59. S.K. Yoshinaga, C.L. Peterson, I. Herskowitz, and K.R. Yamamoto Roles of SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins for transcriptional enhancement by steroid receptors Science 258 1992 1598 1604
60. S.H. Zuckerman, and N. Qureshi In vivo inhibition of lipopolysaccharide- induced lethality and tumor necrosis factor synthesis by Rhodobacter sphaeroides diphosphoryl lipid A is dependent on corticosterone induction Infect. Immun. 60 1992 2581 2587