Synchrotron-based investigations of the nature and impact of iron contamination in multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 97, Issue 7, 2005, Pages

  Buonassisi, Tonio ^a,b   Istratov, Andrei A ^a,b   Heuer, Matthias ^a,c   Marcus, Matthew A ^a   Jonczyk, Ralf ^d   Isenberg, Joerg ^e   Lai, Barry ^f   Cai, Zhonghou ^f   Heald, Steven ^f   Warta, Wilhelm ^f   Schindler, Roland ^e   Willeke, Gerhard ^e   Weber, Eicke R ^a,b  

^a LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Dept of Mat Sci and Engineering   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^d GE ENERGY   (United States)

^e FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

^f ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL STATES; IRON CONTAMINATION; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

CERAMIC MATERIALS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); CONTAMINATION; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; IMPURITIES; IRON; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); STAINLESS STEEL; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; X RAY ANALYSIS;

SILICON SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 20244388271     PISSN: 00218979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.1866489     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Report IEA-PVPS T1-12:2003, International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, 2003.
2. A. A. Istratov, H. Hieslmair, and E. R. Weber, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 70, 489 (2000).
3. D. Macdonald, A. Cuevas, A. Kinomura, Y. Nakano, in 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, New Orleans, LA, 2002 (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), p. 1707.
4. A. A. Istratov, T. Buonassisi, R. J. McDonald, A. R. Smith, R. Schindler, J. A. Rand, J. P. Kalejs, and E. R. Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 6552 (2003).
5. D. H. Macdonald, L. J. Geerligs, and A. Azzizi, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 1021 (2004).
6. J. Lu, M. Wagener, G. Rozgonyi, J. Rand, and R. Jonczyk, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 140 (2003).
7. R. A. Sinton, T. Mankad, S. Bowden, and N. Enjalbert, in 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Paris, France, 2004 7-11 June 2004 (WIP -Munich, Germany and ETA, Florence, Italy), p. 520.
8. L. J. Geerligs, in 14th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, Winter Park, Colorado, USA, 8-11 August 2004 edited by, B. L. Sopori, (NREL, Golden, CO, 2004), p. 143.
9. S. A. McHugo, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 4282 (2001).
10. T. Buonassisi, O. F. Vyvenko, A. A. Istratov, E. R. Weber, Z. Cai, B. Lai, T. F. Ciszek, and R. Schindler, Physica B 340-342, 1137 (2003).
11. S. A. McHugo, A. C. Thompson, I. Ṕrichaud, and S. Martinuzzi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3482 (1998).
12. A. A. Istratov, H. Hieslmair, O. F. Vyvenko, E. R. Weber, and R. Schindler, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 72, 441 (2002).
13. O. F. Vyvenko, T. Buonassisi, A. A. Istratov, H. Hieslmair, A. C. Thompson, R. Schindler, and E. R. Weber, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3614 (2002).
14. T. Buonassisi, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 1556 (2004).
15. A. Schönecker, L. J. Geerligs, and A. Müller, Solid State Phenom. 95-96, 149 (2003).
16. R. B. Hall, A. M. Barnett, S. R. Collins, J. C. Checchi, D. H. Ford, C. L. Kendall, J. A. Rand, and C. B. Moore, US Patent No. 6,111,191 (2000).
17. J. S. Culik, I. S. Goncharovsky, J. A. Rand, and A. M. Barnett, Prog. Photovoltaics 10, 119 (2002).
18. J. Rand, G. A. Rozgonyi, R. Jonczyk, S. Batta, J. Lu, R. Reedy, and R. Zhang, in 12th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes, Breckenridge, CO, USA, August 2002 edited by, B. L. Sopori, (NREL, Golden, CO, 2002), p. 98.
19. T. Ciszek, in Crystal Growth Technology, edited by, H. J. Scheel, and, T. Fukuda, (Wiley, Sussex, UK, 2003), p. 267.
20. G. A. Rozgonyi, J. Lu, R. Zhang, J. Rand, and R. Jonczyk, Diffus. Defect Data, Pt. B 95-96, 211 (2004).
21. J. H. Underwood, A. C. Thompson, Y. Wu, R. D. Giauque, K. W. Jones, and M. L. Rivers, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 266, 318 (1988).
22. M. A. Marcus, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 11, 239 (2004).
23. Z. Cai, AIP Conf. Proc. 521, 31 (2000).
24. W. Yun, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 2238 (1999).
25. S. M. Heald, E. A. Stern, D. Brewe, R. A. Gordon, E. D. Crozier, D. Jiang, and J. O. Cross, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 8, 342 (2001).
26. S. A. McHugo, J. Cryst. Growth 210, 395 (2000).
27. O. F. Vyvenko, T. Buonassisi, A. A. Istratov, and E. R. Weber, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, S141 (2004).
28. X-ray Absorption: Principles, Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES, edited by, D. C. Koningsberger, and, R. Prins, (Wiley-Interscience, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 1988).
29. A. Manceau, M. A. Marcus, and N. Tamura, in Applications of Synchrotron Radiation in Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science, edited by, P. Fenter, and, N. C. Sturchio, (Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2002), p. 341.
30. R. Zhang, G. Duscher, J. Rand, and G. A. Rozgonyi, in 12th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes, Breckenridge, CO, USA, August 2002, edited by, B. Sopori, (NREL, Golden, CO, 2002), p. 206.
31. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed., edited by, D. R. Lide, (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2003).
32. T. Buonassisi, M. Marcus, A. Istratov, M. Heuer, T. Ciszek, B. Lai, C. Zhonghou, and E. R. Weber, J. Appl. Phys. (in press).
33. T. B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, P. R. Subramanian, and L. Kacprzak, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (ASM International, Materials Park, 1990).
34. M. Rinio, C. Ballif, T. Buonassisi, and D. Borchet, in 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Paris, France, 2004 7-11 June 2004 (WIP -Munich, Germany and ETA, Florence, Italy), p. 762.
35. S. Mahajan and K. S. S. Harsha, Principles of Growth and Processing of Semiconductors (WCB/McGraw-Hill, USA, 1999).
36. D. R. Uhlmann, B. Chalmers, and K. A. Jackson, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 2986 (1964).
37. P. S. Ravishankar, J. P. Dismukes, and W. R. Wilcox, J. Cryst. Growth 71, 579 (1985).
38. B. Chalmers, J. Cryst. Growth 82, 70 (1987).
39. J. P. Kalejs, B. Bathey, and C. Dub́, J. Cryst. Growth 109, 174 (1991).
40. N. V. Abrosimov, A. V. Bazhenov, and V. A. Tatarchenko, J. Cryst. Growth 82, 203 (1987).
41. R. C. Dorward and J. S. Kirkaldy, J. Mater. Sci. 3, 502 (1968).
42. A. A. Istratov, W. Huber, and E. R. Weber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 4472 (2004).
43. D. West, S. K. Estreicher, S. Knack, and J. Weber, Phys. Rev. B 68, 035310 (2003).
44. A. H. Cottrell and B. A. Bilby, Proc. Phys. Soc., London, Sect. A 62, 49 (1949).
45. D. Blavette, E. Cadel, A. Fraczkiewicz, and A. Menand, Science 286, 2317 (1999).
46. A. A. Istratov, T. Buonassisi, W. Huber, and E. R. Weber, in 14th NREL Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes, Winterpark, CO, USA, 8-11 August 2004, edited by, B. L. Sopori, (NREL, Golden, CO, 2004), p. 230.
47. W. C. Dash, J. Appl. Phys. 27, 1193 (1956).
48. E. Nes and G. Lunde, J. Appl. Phys. 43, 1835 (1972).
49. W. T. Stacy, D. F. Allison, and T. C. Wu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 129, 1128 (1982).
50. A. A. Istratov, T. Buonassisi, M. A. Marcus, T. F. Ciszek, and E. R. Weber, in 14th NREL Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes, Winterpark, CO, USA, 8-11 August 2004, edited by, B. L. Sopori, (NREL, Golden, CO, 2004), p. 165.
51. P. S. Plekhanov, R. Gafiteanu, U. M. Gosele, and T. Y. Tan, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 2453 (1999).
52. A. Fedotov, B. Evtody, L. Fionova, J. Iliashuk, E. Katz, and L. Poljak, J. Cryst. Growth 104, 186 (1990).
53. J. Isenberg and W. Warta, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5200 (2004).
54. M. Kaes, S. Seren, T. Pernau, and G. Hahn, Prog. Photovoltaics 12, 355 (2004).
55. J. Isenberg and W. Warta, Prog. Photovoltaics 12, 339 (2004).
56. S. A. McHugo, E. R. Weber, S. M. Myers, and G. A. Petersen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3060 (1996).