Molecular mechanisms underlying specificity of excitotoxic signaling in neurons

Current Molecular Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 137-147

  Aarts, Michelle M ^a   Tymianski, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Excitotoxicity; Glutamate receptors; Nitric oxide; Postsynaptic density

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; AMPA RECEPTOR; AMPA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CALCIUM ION; CELL PROTEIN; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; GLUTAMIC ACID; IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT;

ANESTHESIA; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CATATONIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; EPILEPSY; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NEPHROTOXICITY; NERVE CELL DEGENERATION; NERVE CELL LESION; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MOTIF; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR BLOCKING; REVIEW; SECOND MESSENGER; SIDE EFFECT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STROKE; SYNAPSE;

AMINO ACID MOTIFS; ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CALCIUM; GLUTAMIC ACID; HUMANS; IONS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEURONS; NITRIC OXIDE; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE; RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNAPSES;

EID: 1842535186     PISSN: 15665240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1566524043479202     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Olney, J.W. (1969) Science, 164, 719-721.
2. Lucas, D.R. and Newhouse, J.P. (1957) Arch. Ophthalmol., 58, 193-201.
3. Kass, I.S. and Lipton, P. (1982) J. Physiol., 332, 459-472.
4. Rothman, SM. (1983) Science, 220, 536-537.
5. Bruno, V., Battaglia, G., Copani, A., D'Onofrio, M., Di Iorio, P., De Blasi, A., Melchiorri, D., Flor, P.J. and Nicoletti, F. (2001) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 21, 1013-1033.
6. Gerber, U., Sim, J.A. and Gahwiler, B.H. (1992) Eur. J. Neurosci., 4, 792-797.
7. Crepel, V., Aniksztejn, L., Ben Ari, Y. and Hammond, C. (1994) J. Neurophysiol., 72, 1561-1569.
8. Chong, Z.Z., Kang, J.Q. and Maiese, K. (2003) Histol. Histopathol., 18, 173-189.
9. Hoffpauir, B.K. and Gleason, E.L. (2002) J. Neurophysiol., 88, 1766-1776.
10. Pin, J.P. and Duvoisin, R. (1995) Neuropharmacology, 34, 1-26.
11. Nicoletti, F., Bruno, V., Catania, M.V., Battaglia, G., Copani, A., Barbagallo, G., Cena, V., Sanchez-Prieto, J., Spano, P.F. and Pizzi, M. (1999) Neuropharmacology, 38, 1477-1484.
12. Pellegrini-Giampietro, D.E., Peruginelli, F., Meli, E., Cozzi, A., Albani-Torregrossa, S., Pellicciari, R. and Moroni, F. (1999) Neuropharmacology, 38, 1607-1619.
13. Hollmann, M. and Heinemann, S. (1994) Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 17, 31-108.
14. Wisden, W. and Seeburg, P.H. (1993) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 3, 291-298.
15. Keinanen, K., Wisden, W., Sommer, B., Werner, P., Herb, A., Verdoom, T.A., Sakmann, B. and Seeburg, P.H. (1990) Science, 249, 556-560.
16. Hume, R.I., Dingledine, R. and Heinemann, S.F. (1991) Science, 253, 1028-1031.
17. Pellegrini-Giampietro, D.E., Gorter, J.A., Bennett, M.V. and Zukin, R.S. (1997) Trends Neurosci., 20, 464-470.
18. Bennett, M.V., Pellegrini-Giampietro, D.E., Gorter, J.A., Aronica, E., Connor, J.A. and Zukin, R.S. (1996) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 61, 373-384.
19. McCracken, E., Fowler, J.H., Dewar, D., Morrison, S. and McCulloch, J. (2002) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 22, 1090-1097.
20. Werner, P., Voigt, M., Keinanen, K., Wisden, W. and Seeburg, P.H. (1991) Nature, 351, 742-744.
21. Herb, A., Bumashev, N., Werner, P., Sakmann, B., Wisden, W. and Seeburg, P.H. (1992) Neuron, 8, 775-785.
22. Bettler, B., Boulter, J., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., O'Shea-Greenfield, A., Deneris, E.S., Moll, C., Borgmeyer, U., Hollmann, M. and Heinemann, S. (1990) Neuron, 5, 583-595.
23. Bettler, B., Egebjerg, J., Sharma, G., Pecht, G., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., Moll, C., Stevens,. C.F. and Heinemann, S. (1992) Neuron, 8, 257-265.
24. Lerma, J., Paternain, A.V., Rodriguez-Moreno, A. and Lopez-Garcia, J.C. (2001) Physiol. Rev., 81, 971-998.
25. Paternain, A.V., Morales, M. and Lerma, J. (1995) Neuron, 14, 185-189.
26. Wilding, T.J. and Huettner, J.E. (1995) Mol. Pharmacol., 47, 582-567.
27. Castillo, P.E., Malenka, R.C. and Nicoll, R.A. (1997) Nature, 388, 182-186.
28. Petralia, R.S., Wang, Y.X. and Wenthold, R.J. (1994) J. Comp. Neurol., 349, 85-110.
29. Charara, A., Blankstein, E. and Smith, Y. (1999) Neuroscience, 91, 1195-1200.
30. Kieval, J.Z., Hubert, G.W., Charara, A., Pare, J.F. and Smith, Y. (2001) J. Neurosci., 21, 8746-8757.
31. Vignes, M., Bleakman, D., Lodge, D. and Collingridge, G.L. (1997) Neuropharmacology, 36, 1477-1481.
32. Frerking, M., Malenka, R.C. and Nicoll, R.A. (1998) Nat. Neurosci., 1, 479-486.
33. Bortolotto, Z.A., Clarke, V.R., Delany, C.M., Parry, M.C., Smolders, I., Vignes, M., Ho, K.H., Miu, P., Brinton, B.T., Fantaske, R., Ogden, A., Gates, M., Omstein, P.L., Lodge, D., Bleakman, D. and Collingridge, G.L. (1999) Nature, 402, 297-301.
34. Contractor, A., Swanson, G. and Heinemann, S.F. (2001) Neuron, 29, 209-216.
35. Rodriguez-Moreno, A. and Lerma, J. (1998) Neuron, 20, 1211-1218.
36. Schmitz, D., Frerking, M. and Nicoll, R.A. (2000) Neuron, 27, 327-338.
37. Schmitz, D., Mellor, J., Frerking, M. and Nicoll, R.A. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 11003-11008.
38. Lauri, S.E., Bortolotto, Z.A., Bleakman, D., Omstein, P.L., Lodge, D., Isaac, J.T. and Collingridge, G.L. (2001) Neuron, 32, 697-709.
39. Dale, N. and Roberts, A. (1985) J. Physiol., 363, 35-59.
40. Mori, H. and Mishina, M. (1995) Neuropharmacology, 34, 1219-1237.
41. Moriyoshi, K., Masu, M., Ishii, T., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N. and Nakanishi, S. (1991) Nature, 364, 31-37.
42. Yamazaki, M., Mori, H., Araki, K., Mori, K.J. and Mishina, M. (1992) FEBS Lett., 300, 39-45.
43. Ciabarra, A.M., Sullivan, J.M., Gahn, L.G., Pecht, G., Heinemann, S. and Sevarino, K.A. (1995) J. Neurosci., 16, 6498-6508.
44. Sucher, N.J., Akbarian, S., Chi, C.L., Leclerc, C.L., Awobuluyi, M., Deitcher, D.L., Wu, M.K., Yuan, J.P., Jones, E.G. and Lipton, S.A. (1995) J. Neurosci., 15, 6509-6520.
45. Johnson, J.W. and Ascher, P. (1987) Nature, 325, 529-531.
46. Mothet, J.P., Parent, A.T., Wolosker, H., Brady, R.O. Jr., Linden, D.J., Ferris, C.D., Rogawski, M.A. and Snyder, S.H. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 4926-4931.
47. Choi, D.W. (1988) Trends Neurosci., 11, 465-469.
48. Choi, D.W., Koh, J.Y. and Peters, S. (1988) J. Neurosci., 8, 185-196.
49. Tymianski, M., Charlton, M.P., Carlen, P.L. and Tator, C.H. (1993) J. Neurosci., 13, 2085-2104.
50. Rahn, C.A., Bombick, D.W. and Doolittle, D.J. (1991) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 16, 435-448.
51. Bindokas, V.P. and Miller, R.J. (1995) J. Neurosci., 15, 6999-7011.
52. Choi, D.W. (1987) J. Neurosci., 7, 369-379.
53. Choi, D.W. (1995) Trends Neurosci., 18, 58-60.
54. Manev, H., Favaron, M., Guidotti, A. and Costa, E. (1989) Mol. Pharmacol., 36, 106-112.
55. Marcoux, F.W., Probert, A.W. Jr. and Weber, M.L. (1990) Stroke, 21, III71-III74.
56. Choi, D.W., Weiss, J.H., Koh, J.Y., Christine, C.W. and Kurth, M.C. (1989) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 568, 219-224.
57. Marcoux, F.W., Weber, M.L., Probert, A.W. Jr. and Dominick, M.A. (1992) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 648, 303-305.
58. Dubinsky, J.M. and Rothman, S.M. (1991) J. Neurosci., 11, 2545-2551.
59. Bading, H., Ginty, D.D. and Greenberg, M.E. (1993) Science, 260, 181-186.
60. Ghosh, A. and Greenberg, M.E. (1995) Science, 268, 239-247.
61. Sattler, R., Charlton, M.P., Hafner, M. and Tymianski, M. (1998) J. Neurochem., 71, 2349-2364.
62. Colonnier, M. (1968) Brain Res., 9, 268-287.
63. Landis, D.M. and Reese, T.S. (1974) J. Comp. Neurol., 155, 93-125.
64. Kennedy, M.B. (1993) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 3, 732-737.
65. Bredt, D.S. (1996) Nat. Biotechnol., 14, 944
66. Pak, D.T., Yang, S., Rudolph-Correia, S., Kim, E. and Sheng, M. (2001) Neuron, 31, 289-303.
67. Kim, J.H., Liao, D., Lau, L.F. and Huganir, R.L. (1998) Neuron, 20, 683-691.
68. Zhang, W., Vazquez, L., Apperson, M. and Kennedy, M.B. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 96-108.
69. Kennedy, M.B. (1998) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 26, 243-257.
70. Wyszynski, M., Lin, J., Rao, A., Nigh, E., Beggs, A.H., Craig, A.M. and Sheng, M. (1997) Nature, 385, 439-442.
71. Dong, H., O'Brien, R.J., Fung, E.T., Lanahan, A.A., Worley, P.F. and Huganir, R.L. (1997) Nature, 386, 279-284.
72. Srivastava, S., Osten, P., Vilim, F.S., Khatri, L., Inman, G., States, B., Daly, C., DeSouza, S., Abagyan, R., Valtschanoff, J.G., Weinberg, R.J. and Ziff, E.B. (1998) Neuron, 21, 581-591.
73. Osten, P., Srivastava, S., Inman, G.J., Vilim, F.S., Khatri, L., Lee, L.M., States, B.A., Einheber, S., Milner, T.A., Hanson, P.I. and Ziff, E.B. (1998) Neuron, 21, 99-110.
74. Braithwaite, S.P., Xia, H. and Malenka, R.C. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 7096-7101.
75. Song, I., Kamboj, S., Xia, J., Dong, H., Liao, D. and Huganir, R.L. (1998) Neuron, 21, 393-400.
76. Nishimune, A., Isaac, J.T., Molnar, E., Noel, J., Nash, S.R., Tagaya, M., Collingridge, G.L., Nakanishi, S. and Henley, J.M. (1998) Neuron, 21, 87-97.
77. Osten, P., Khatri, L., Perez, J.L., Kohr, G., Giese, G., Daly, C., Schulz, T.W., Wensky, A., Lee, L.M. and Ziff, E.B. (2000) Neuron, 27, 313-325.
78. Iihara, K., Joo, D.T., Henderson, J., Sattler, R., Taverna, F.A., Lourensen, S., Orser, B.A., Roder, J.C. and Tymianski, M. (2001) J. Neurosci., 21, 2224-2239.
79. Ye, B., Liao, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, P., Dong, H. and Huganir, R.L. (2000) Neuron, 26, 603-617.
80. Ye, B., Sugo, N., Hurn, P.D. and Huganir, R.L. (2002) Neuroscience, 114, 217-227.
81. Ralph, G.S., Bienemann, A., Ma, J., Tan, H.K., Noel, J., Henley, J.M. and Uney, J.B. (2001) Mol. Cell Neurosci., 17, 662-670.
82. Hanley, J.G., Khatri, L., Hanson, P.I. and Ziff, E.B. (2002) Neuron, 34, 53-67.
83. Lee, S.H., Liu, L., Wang, Y.T. and Sheng, M. (2002) Neuron, 36, 661-674.
84. Hu, B.R., Park, M., Martone, M.E., Fischer, W.H., Ellisman, M.H. and Zivin, J.A. (1998) J. Neurosci., 18, 625-633.
85. Sprengel, R., Suchanek, B., Amico, C., Brusa, R., Burnashev, N., Rozov, A., Hvalby, O., Jensen, V., Paulsen, O., Andersen, P., Kim, J.J., Thompson, R.F., Sun, W., Webster, L.C., Grant, S.G., Eilers, J., Konnerth, A., Li, J., McNamara, J.O. and Seeburg, P.H. (1998) Cell, 92, 279-289.
86. Sakimura, K., Kutsuwada, T., Ito, I., Manabe, T., Takayama, C., Kushiya, E., Yagi, T., Aizawa, S., Inoue, Y., Sugiyama, H. and. (1995) Nature, 373, 151-155.
87. Kadotani, H., Hirano, T., Masugi, M., Nakamura, K., Nakao, K., Katsuki, M. and Nakanishi, S. (1996) J. Neurosci., 16, 7859-7867.
88. Bayer, K.U., De Koninck, P., Leonard, A.S., Hell, J.W. and Schulman, H. (2001) Nature, 411, 801-805.
89. Yu, X.M., Askalan, R., Keil, G.J. and Salter, M.W. (1997) Science, 275, 674-678.
90. Lieberman, D.N. and Mody, I. (1994) Nature, 369, 235-239.
91. Wang, Y.T. and Salter, M.W. (1994) Nature, 369, 233-235.
92. Ehlers, M.D., Tingley, W.G. and Huganir, R.L. (1995) Science, 269, 1734-1737.
93. Allison, D.W., Gelfand, V.I., Spector, I. and Craig, A.M. (1998) J. Neurosci., 18, 2423-2436.
94. Ehlers, M.D., Zhang, S., Bernhadt, J.P. and Huganir, R.L. (1996) Cell, 84, 745-755.
95. Zhang, S., Ehlers, M.D., Bernhardt, J.P., Su, C.T. and Huganir, R.L. (1998) Neuron, 21, 443-453.
96. Wechsler, A. and Teichberg, V.I. (1998) EMBO J., 17, 3931-3939.
97. Lin, J.W., Wyszynski, M., Madhavan, R., Sealock, R., Kim, J.U. and Sheng, M. (1998) J. Neurosci., 18, 2017-2027.
98. Ehlers, M.D., Fung, E.T., O'Brien, R.J. and Huganir, R.L. (1998) J. Neurosci., 18, 720-730.
99. Kornau, H.C., Schenker, L.T., Kennedy, M.B. and Seeburg, P.H. (1995) Science, 269, 1737-1740.
100. Migaud, M., Charlesworth, P., Dempster, M., Webster, L.C., Watabe, A.M., Makhinson, M., He, Y., Ramsay, M.F., Morris, R.G.M., Morrison, J.H., O'Dell, T.J. and Grandt, S.G.N. (1998) Nature, 396, 433-439.
101. Sattler, R., Xiong, Z., Lu, W.Y., MacDonald, J.F. and Tymianski, M. (2000) J. Neurosci., 20, 22-33.
102. Krupp, J.J., Vissel, B., Thomas, C.G., Heinemann, S.F. and Westbrook, G.L. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 1165-1178.
103. Brenman, J.E., Chao, D.S., Gee, S.H., McGee, A.W., Craven, S.E., Santillano, D.R., Wu, Z., Huang, F., Xia, H., Peters, M.F., Froehner, S.C. and Bredt, D.S. (1996) Cell, 84, 757-767.
104. Stricker, N.L., Christopherson, K.S., Yi, B.A., Schatz, P.J., Raab, R.W., Dawes, G., Bassett, D.E. Jr., Bredt, D.S. and Li, M. (1997) Nat. Biotechnol., 15, 336-342.
105. Becker-Hapak, M., McAllister, S.S. and Dowdy, S.F. (2001) Methods, 24, 247-256.
106. Frankel, A.D. and Pabo, C.O. (1988) Cell, 56, 1189-1193.
107. Mann, D.A. and Frankel, A.D. (1991) EMBO J., 10, 1733-1739.
108. Aarts, M., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Besshoh, S., Arundine, M., Gurd, J.W., Wang, Y.T., Salter, M.W. and Tymianski, M. (2002) Science, 298, 846-850.
109. Dawson, V.L., Dawson, T.M., London, E.D., Bredt, D.S. and Snyder, S.H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 6368-6371.
110. Huang, Z., Huang, P., Panahian, N., Dalkara, T., Fishman, M.C. and Moskowitz, M.A. (1994) Science, 265, 1883-1885.
111. Lynch, D.R. and Dawson, T.M. (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurol., 7, 510-516.
112. Iadecola, C. (1997) Trends Neurosci., 20, 132-139.
113. Chanock, S.J., el Benna, J., Smith, R.M. and Babior, B.M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 269, 24519-24522.
114. Koppenol, W.H., Moreno, J.J., Pryor, W.A., Ischiropoulos, H. and Beckman, J.S. (1992) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 5, 834-842.
115. Radi, R., Beckman, J.S., Bush, K.M. and Freeman, B.A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem., 266, 4244-4250.
116. Radi, R., Beckman, J.S., Bush, K.M. and Freeman, B.A. (1991) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 288, 481-487.
117. Crow, J.P., Beckman, J.S. and McCord, J.M. (1995) Biochemistry, 34, 3544-3552.
118. Darley-Usmar, V.M., Hogg, N., O'Leary, V.J., Wilson, M.T. and Moncada, S. (1992) Free Radic. Res. Commun., 17, 9-20.
119. Mandir, A.S., Poitras, M.F., Berliner, A.R., Herring, W.J., Guastella, D.B., Feldman, A., Poirier, G.G., Wang, Z.Q., Dawson, T.M. and Dawson, V.L. (2000) J. Neurosci., 20, 8005-8011.
120. Zhang, J., Dawson, V.L., Dawson, T.M. and Snyder, S.H. (1994) Science, 263, 687-689.
121. de Murcia, G., Schreiber, V., Molinete, M., Saulier, B., Poch, O., Masson, M., Niedergang, C. and Menissier de Murcia, J. (1994) Mol. Cell Biochem., 138, 15-24.
122. D'Amours, D., Desnoyers, S., D'Silva, I. and Poirier, G.G. (1999) Biochem. J., 342, 249-268.
123. Ayata, C., Ayata, G., Hara, H., Matthews, R.T., Beal, M.F., Ferrante, R.J., Endres, M., Kim, A., Christie, R.H., Waeber, C., Huang, P.L., Hyman, B.T. and Moskowitz, M.A. (1997) J. Neurosci., 17, 6908-6917.
124. Eliasson, M.J.L., Sampei, K., Mandir, A.S., Hurn, P.D., Traystman, R.J., Bao, J., Pieper, A., Wang, Z.Q., Dawson, T.M., Snyder, S.H. and Dawson, V.L. (1997) Nature Medicine, 3, 1089-1095.
125. Joza, N., Susin, S.A., Daugas, E., Stanford, W.L., Cho, S.K., Li, C.Y., Sasaki, T., Elia, A.J., Cheng, H.Y., Ravagnan, L., Ferri, K.F., Zamzami, N., Wakeham, A., Hakem, R., Yoshida, H., Kong, Y.Y., Mak, T.W., Zuniga-Pflucker, J.C., Kroemer, G. and Penninger, J.M. (2001) Nature, 410, 549-554.
126. Zhang, X., Chen, J., Graham, S.H., Du, L., Kochanek, P.M., Draviam, R., Guo, F., Nathaniel, P.D., Szabo, C., Watkins, S.C. and Clark, R.S. (2002) J. Neurochem., 82, 181-191.
127. Craig, A.M., Blackstone, C.D., Huganir, R.L. and Banker, G. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 12373-12377.
128. Cottrell, J.R., Dube, G.R., Egles, C. and Liu, G. (2000) J. Neurophysiol., 84, 1573-1587.
129. Bernard, V., Somogyi, P. and Bolam, J.P. (1997) J. Neurosci., 17, 819-833.
130. Clark, B.A. and Cull-Candy, S.G. (2002) J. Neurosci., 22, 4428-4436.
131. Shi, S., Hayashi, Y., Esteban, J.A. and Malinow, R. (2001) Cell, 105, 331-343.
132. Fong, D.K., Rao, A., Crump, F.T. and Craig, A.M. (2002) J. Neurosci., 22, 2153-2164.
133. Tovar, K.R. and Westbrook, G.L. (2002) Neuron, 34, 255-264.
134. Baker, D.A., Xi, Z.X., Shen, H., Swanson, C.J. and Kalivas, P.W. (2002) J. Neurosci., 22, 9134-9141.
135. Chen, S. and Diamond, J.S. (2002) J. Neurosci., 22, 2165-2173.
136. Diamond, J.S. (2001) J. Neurosci., 21, 8328-8338.
137. Man, H.Y., Lin, J.W., Ju, W.H., Ahmadian, G., Liu, L., Becker, LE., Sheng, M and Wang, Y.T. (2000) Neuron, 25, 649-662.
138. Beattie, E.C., Carroll, R.C., Yu, X., Morishita, W., Yasuda, H., von Zastrow, M. and Malenka, R.C. (2000) Nat. Neurosci., 3, 1291-1300.
139. Isaacson, J.S. and Murphy, G.J. (2001) Neuron, 31, 1027-1034.
140. Rothman, S.M. and Olney, J.W. (1986) Ann. Neurol., 19, 105-111.
141. Hardingham, G.E. and Bading, H. (2003) Trends Neurosci., 26, 81-89.
142. Lu, W., Man, H., Ju, W., Trimble, W.S., MacDonald, J.F. and Wang, Y.T. (2001) Neuron, 29, 243-254.
143. Nicoll, R.A. and Malenka, R.C. (1999) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 868, 515-525.
144. Hardingham, G.E., Fukunaga, Y. and Bading, H. (2002) Nat. Neurosci., 5, 405-414.
145. Cole, A.J., Saffen, D.W., Baraban, J.M. and Worley, P.F. (1989) Nature, 340, 474-476.
146. Wisden, W., Errington, M.L., Williams, S., Dunnett, S.B., Waters, C., Hitchcock, D., Evan, G., Bliss, T.V. and Hunt, S.P. (1990) Neuron, 4, 603-614.
147. Schulz, S., Siemer, H., Krug, M. and Hollt, V. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 5683-5692.
148. Lipsky, R.H., Xu, K., Zhu, D., Kelly, C., Terhakopian, A., Novelli, A. and Marini, A.M. (2001) J. Neurochem., 78, 254-264.
149. Vanhoutte, P. and Bading, H. (2003) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 13, 366-371.
150. Li, B., Chen, N., Luo, T., Otsu, Y., Murphy, T.H. and Raymond, L.A. (2002) Nat. Neurosci., 5, 833-834.
151. Brickley, S.G., Cull-Candy, S.G. and Farrant, M. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 2960-2973.
152. Tovar, K.R. and Westbrook, G.L. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 4180-4188.
153. Li, J.H., Wang, Y.H., Wolfe, B.B., Krueger, K.E., Corsi, L., Stocca, G. and Vicini, S. (1998) Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 1704-1715.
154. Rumbaugh, G. and Vicini, S. (1999) J. Neurosci., 19, 10603-10610.
155. Brickley, S.G., Misra, C., Mok, M.H., Mishina, M. and Cull-Candy, S.G. (2003) J. Neurosci., 23, 4958-4966.
156. Clark, B.A., Farrant, M. and Cull-Candy, S.G. (1997) J. Neurosci., 17, 107-116.
157. Misra, C., Brickley, S.G., Farrant, M. and Cull-Candy, S.G. (2000) J. Physiol, 524 Pt 1, 147-162.
158. Ikonomidou, C. and Turski, L. (2002) Lancet Neurology, 1, 383-386.
159. Ikonomidou, C., Bosch, F., Miksa, M., Bittigau, P., Vockler, J., Dikranian, K., Tenkova, T.I., Stefovska, V., Turski, L. and Olney, J.W. (1999) Science, 283, 70-74.
160. Lees, K.R. (1998) Lancet, 351, 1447-1448.
161. Pawson, T. (1995) Nature, 373, 573-579.
162. Gadek, T.R. and Nicholas, J.B. (2003) Biochem. Pharmacol., 65, 1-8.