메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 471-478

Gut-derived signaling molecules and vagal afferents in the control of glucose and energy homeostasis

Author keywords

Autonomous nervous system; Food intake; Glucose homeostasis; Glucose sensing; Gut brain axis

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE KINASE; GHRELIN; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 2; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID; PEPTIDE YY; NEUROPEPTIDE;

EID: 12244305762     PISSN: 13631950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mco.0000134368.91900.84     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (69)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0036073405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure
    • Banks WA, Tschop M, Robinson SM, Heiman ML. Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:822-827.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 822-827
    • Banks, W.A.1    Tschop, M.2    Robinson, S.M.3    Heiman, M.L.4
  • 3
    • 0038660489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin in hypothalamic regulation of energy balance
    • Horvath TL, Diano S, Tschop M. Ghrelin in hypothalamic regulation of energy balance. Curr Top Med Chem 2003; 3:921-927.
    • (2003) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.3 , pp. 921-927
    • Horvath, T.L.1    Diano, S.2    Tschop, M.3
  • 4
    • 0028228222 scopus 로고
    • CCK elicits and modulates vagal afferent activity arising from gastric and duodenal sites
    • Schwanz GJ, Moran TH. CCK elicits and modulates vagal afferent activity arising from gastric and duodenal sites. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994; 713:121-128.
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.713 , pp. 121-128
    • Schwanz, G.J.1    Moran, T.H.2
  • 5
    • 0030572882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatic vagal nerve is receptor to incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, but to glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in the portal vein
    • Nishizawa M, Nabakayashi H, Uchida K, et al. The hepatic vagal nerve is receptor to incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, but to glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in the portal vein. J Autonom Nerv Syst 1996; 61:149-154.
    • (1996) J Autonom Nerv Syst , vol.61 , pp. 149-154
    • Nishizawa, M.1    Nabakayashi, H.2    Uchida, K.3
  • 6
    • 0037420970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term regeneration of abdominal vagus: Efferents fail while afferents succeed
    • Phillips RJ, Baronowsky EA, Powley TL. Long-term regeneration of abdominal vagus: efferents fail while afferents succeed. J Comp Neurol 2003; 455:222-237. A thorough study combining an anatomical description of vagal innervation of the gut together with a functional characterization of selective fibre types.
    • (2003) J Comp Neurol , vol.455 , pp. 222-237
    • Phillips, R.J.1    Baronowsky, E.A.2    Powley, T.L.3
  • 7
    • 0035026105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vagal and spinal mechanosensors in the rat stomach and colon have multiple receptive fields
    • Berthoud HR, Lynn PA, Blackshaw LA. Vagal and spinal mechanosensors in the rat stomach and colon have multiple receptive fields. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280:R1371-R1381.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.280
    • Berthoud, H.R.1    Lynn, P.A.2    Blackshaw, L.A.3
  • 8
    • 0035503048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin-4 deficient mice have a loss of vagal intraganglionic mechanoreceptors from the small intestine and a disruption of short-term satiety
    • Fox EA, Phillips RJ, Baronowsky EA, et al. Neurotrophin-4 deficient mice have a loss of vagal intraganglionic mechanoreceptors from the small intestine and a disruption of short-term satiety. J Neurosci 2001; 21:8602-8615.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 8602-8615
    • Fox, E.A.1    Phillips, R.J.2    Baronowsky, E.A.3
  • 9
    • 0142063556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-Kit mutant mouse behavioral phenotype: Altered meal patterns and CCK sensitivity but normal daily food intake and body weight
    • Chi MM, Powley TL. c-Kit mutant mouse behavioral phenotype: altered meal patterns and CCK sensitivity but normal daily food intake and body weight. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R1170-R1183. A very elegant and thorough description of the functional implications of a life without mechanosensory IMAs.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.285
    • Chi, M.M.1    Powley, T.L.2
  • 10
    • 0041307370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric distension induces c-Fos in medullary GLP-1/2-containing neurons
    • Vrang N, Phifer CB, Corkern MM, Berthoud HR. Gastric distension induces c-Fos in medullary GLP-1/2-containing neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003, 285:R470-R478. A provocative functional anatomical study showing that gastric filling and the accompanying gastrointestinal mechanostimulation activates brain GLP-1/GLP-2 neurons, which are proposed to mediate postprandial satiety and perhaps premature meal termination.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.285
    • Vrang, N.1    Phifer, C.B.2    Corkern, M.M.3    Berthoud, H.R.4
  • 11
    • 0041691167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the vanilloid receptor (VR1) in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Ward SM, Bayguinov J, Won KJ, et al. Distribution of the vanilloid receptor (VR1) in the gastrointestinal tract. J Comp Neurol 2003; 465:121-135.
    • (2003) J Comp Neurol , vol.465 , pp. 121-135
    • Ward, S.M.1    Bayguinov, J.2    Won, K.J.3
  • 12
    • 0033780625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of gastrointestinal vagal afferents in the control of food intake: Current prospects
    • Schwarte GJ. The role of gastrointestinal vagal afferents in the control of food intake: current prospects. Nutrition 2000; 16:866-573.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 866-1573
    • Schwarte, G.J.1
  • 13
    • 0027260550 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of type A and type B CCK receptor binding sites in rat vagus nerve
    • Corp ES, McQuade J, Moran TH, Smith GP. Characterization of type A and type B CCK receptor binding sites in rat vagus nerve. Brain Res 1993; 623:161-166.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.623 , pp. 161-166
    • Corp, E.S.1    McQuade, J.2    Moran, T.H.3    Smith, G.P.4
  • 14
    • 0031018534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor in sensory and autonomic ganglia
    • Zhang X, Shi T, Holmberg K, et al. Expression and regulation of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor in sensory and autonomic ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:729-734.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 729-734
    • Zhang, X.1    Shi, T.2    Holmberg, K.3
  • 15
    • 0242694943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hindbrain noradrenergic lesions attenuate anorexia and alter central cFos expression in rats after gastric viscerosensory stimulation
    • Rinaman L. Hindbrain noradrenergic lesions attenuate anorexia and alter central cFos expression in rats after gastric viscerosensory stimulation. J Neurosci 2003; 23:10084-10092. A beautiful study employing site-directed neurotoxic lesioning of catecholaminergic brainstem neurons to confirm their importance as mediators of gastric viscerosensory information involved in meal termination.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 10084-10092
    • Rinaman, L.1
  • 16
    • 0035024713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin receptor immunoreactivity is present in ascending serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons of the rat
    • Hay-Schmidt A, Helboe L, Larsen PJ. Leptin receptor immunoreactivity is present in ascending serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 2001; 73:215-226.
    • (2001) Neuroendocrinology , vol.73 , pp. 215-226
    • Hay-Schmidt, A.1    Helboe, L.2    Larsen, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 0041307390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterostatin inhibition of dietary fat intake is dependent on CCK-A receptors
    • Lin L, Thomas SR, Kilroy G, et al. Enterostatin inhibition of dietary fat intake is dependent on CCK-A receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R321-R328. A nice and clearly presented study demonstrating that enterostatin mediates its action via a neuronal pathway addressing peripherally accessible cholecystokinin-A receptors as a downstream target.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.285
    • Lin, L.1    Thomas, S.R.2    Kilroy, G.3
  • 18
    • 0141532690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel glucose-sensing mechanism contributing to glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from the GLUTag cell line
    • Gribble FM, Williams L, Simpson AK, Reimann F. A novel glucose-sensing mechanism contributing to glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from the GLUTag cell line. Diabetes 2003; 52:1147-1154.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Gribble, F.M.1    Williams, L.2    Simpson, A.K.3    Reimann, F.4
  • 19
    • 0030851022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel glucosensor for hypoglycemic detection localized to the portal vein
    • Hevener AL, Bergman RN, Donovan CM. Novel glucosensor for hypoglycemic detection localized to the portal vein. Diabetes 1997; 46:1521-1525.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1521-1525
    • Hevener, A.L.1    Bergman, R.N.2    Donovan, C.M.3
  • 20
    • 0001782353 scopus 로고
    • Participation of hepatic glucoreceptors in the control of intake of food
    • Russek M. Participation of hepatic glucoreceptors in the control of intake of food. Nature 1963; 197:79-80.
    • (1963) Nature , vol.197 , pp. 79-80
    • Russek, M.1
  • 21
    • 0014857090 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the influence of an hepatic glucosensitive mechanism on food-intake
    • Russek M. Demonstration of the influence of an hepatic glucosensitive mechanism on food-intake. Physiol Behav 1970; 5:1207-1209.
    • (1970) Physiol Behav , vol.5 , pp. 1207-1209
    • Russek, M.1
  • 22
    • 0022526448 scopus 로고
    • A portal-arterial glucose concentration gradient as a signal for an insulin-dependent net glucose uptake in perfused rat liver
    • Gardemann A, Strulik H, Jungermann K. A portal-arterial glucose concentration gradient as a signal for an insulin-dependent net glucose uptake in perfused rat liver. FEBS Lett 1986; 202:255-259.
    • (1986) FEBS Lett , vol.202 , pp. 255-259
    • Gardemann, A.1    Strulik, H.2    Jungermann, K.3
  • 23
    • 0032871550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portal glucose infusion increases hepatic glycogen deposition in conscious unrestrained rats
    • Cardin S, Emshwiller M, Jackson PA, et al. Portal glucose infusion increases hepatic glycogen deposition in conscious unrestrained rats. J Appl Physiol 1999; 87:1470-1475.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 1470-1475
    • Cardin, S.1    Emshwiller, M.2    Jackson, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 0033815547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portal glucose infusion in the mouse induces hypoglycemia. Evidence that the hepatoportal glucose sensor stimulates glucose utilization
    • Burcelin R, Dolci W, Thorens B. Portal glucose infusion in the mouse induces hypoglycemia. Evidence that the hepatoportal glucose sensor stimulates glucose utilization. Diabetes 2000; 49:1635-1642.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 1635-1642
    • Burcelin, R.1    Dolci, W.2    Thorens, B.3
  • 25
    • 0019796257 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological study of hepatic vagal projection to the medulla
    • Adachi A. Electrophysiological study of hepatic vagal projection to the medulla. Neurosci Lett 1981; 24:19-23.
    • (1981) Neurosci Lett , vol.24 , pp. 19-23
    • Adachi, A.1
  • 26
    • 0021367606 scopus 로고
    • Convergence of hepatoportal glucose-sensitive afferents signal to glucose sensitive units within the nucleus of the solitary tract
    • Adachi A, Shimizu N, Oomura Y, Kobashi M. Convergence of hepatoportal glucose-sensitive afferents signal to glucose sensitive units within the nucleus of the solitary tract. Neurosci Lett 1984; 46:215-218.
    • (1984) Neurosci Lett , vol.46 , pp. 215-218
    • Adachi, A.1    Shimizu, N.2    Oomura, Y.3    Kobashi, M.4
  • 27
    • 0020530053 scopus 로고
    • Functional correlations between lateral hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons and hepatic portal glucose-sensitive units in rat
    • Shimizu N, Oomura Y, Novin D, et al. Functional correlations between lateral hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurons and hepatic portal glucose-sensitive units in rat. Brain Res 1983; 265:49-54.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.265 , pp. 49-54
    • Shimizu, N.1    Oomura, Y.2    Novin, D.3
  • 28
    • 0033810262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose sensing by the hepatoportal sensor is GLUT2-dependent. In vivo analysis in GLUT2-null mice
    • Burcelin R, Dolci W, Thorens B. Glucose sensing by the hepatoportal sensor is GLUT2-dependent. In vivo analysis in GLUT2-null mice. Diabetes 2000; 49:1643-1648.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 1643-1648
    • Burcelin, R.1    Dolci, W.2    Thorens, B.3
  • 29
    • 0037403938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intraportal glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism in conscious dogs
    • Nishizawa M, Moore MC, Shiota M, et al. Effect of intraportal glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose metabolism in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284:E1027-E1036.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.284
    • Nishizawa, M.1    Moore, M.C.2    Shiota, M.3
  • 30
    • 0034639946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatic vagal reception of intraportal GLP-1 is via receptor different from the pancreatic GLP-1 receptor
    • Nishizawa M, Nakabayashi H, Kawai K, et al. The hepatic vagal reception of intraportal GLP-1 is via receptor different from the pancreatic GLP-1 receptor. J Autonom Nerv Syst 2000; 80:14-21.
    • (2000) J Autonom Nerv Syst , vol.80 , pp. 14-21
    • Nishizawa, M.1    Nakabayashi, H.2    Kawai, K.3
  • 31
    • 0035434115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose competence of the hepatoporal vein sensor requires the presence of an activated GLP-1 receptor
    • Burcelin R, DaCosta A, Drucker D, Thorens B. Glucose competence of the hepatoporal vein sensor requires the presence of an activated GLP-1 receptor. Diabetes 2001; 50:1720-1728.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1720-1728
    • Burcelin, R.1    DaCosta, A.2    Drucker, D.3    Thorens, B.4
  • 32
    • 0842325280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells
    • Nakagawa A, Satake H, Nakabayashi H, et al. Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells. Autonom Neurosci 2004; 110:36-43.
    • (2004) Autonom Neurosci , vol.110 , pp. 36-43
    • Nakagawa, A.1    Satake, H.2    Nakabayashi, H.3
  • 33
    • 0038651914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLUT4, AMP kinase, but not the insulin receptor, are required for hepatoportal glucose sensor-stimulated muscle glucose utilization
    • Burcelin R, Crivelli V, Perrin C, et al. GLUT4, AMP kinase, but not the insulin receptor, are required for hepatoportal glucose sensor-stimulated muscle glucose utilization. J Clin Invest 2003; 111:1555-1562. A study in which mice with muscle-specific genetic modifications were used functionally to determine the role of the insulin receptors, GLUT4 and adenosine monophosphate kinase, in portal signal-induced glucose utilization.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 1555-1562
    • Burcelin, R.1    Crivelli, V.2    Perrin, C.3
  • 34
    • 0033696456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portal GLP-1 administration in rats augments the insulin response to glucose via neuronal mechanisms
    • Balkan B, Li X. Portal GLP-1 administration in rats augments the insulin response to glucose via neuronal mechanisms. Am J Physiol 2000; 279:R1449-R1454.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.279
    • Balkan, B.1    Li, X.2
  • 35
    • 11144357764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gluco-incretin control insulin secretion at multiple levels as revealed in mice lacking GLP-1 and GIP receptors
    • Preitner F, Ibberson M, Franklin I, et al. Gluco-incretin control insulin secretion at multiple levels as revealed in mice lacking GLP-1 and GIP receptors. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:635-645. This study presents evidence that the hepatoportal sensor plays a critical role in triggering, in vivo, the first phase of insulin secretion.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.113 , pp. 635-645
    • Preitner, F.1    Ibberson, M.2    Franklin, I.3
  • 36
    • 0942287326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory nerves contribute to insulin secretion by glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice
    • Ahren B. Sensory nerves contribute to insulin secretion by glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice. Am J Physiol Regul lntegr Comp Physiol 2004; 286:R269-R272. The destruction of sensory nerves by capsaicin is shown to suppress the stimulation of insulin secretion by low doses of GLP-1, indicating that these nerves are an important site of action of this gastrointestinal hormone.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Regul Lntegr Comp Physiol , vol.286
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 37
    • 0026453335 scopus 로고
    • An anterograde tracing study of the vagal innervation of rat liver, portal vein and biliary system
    • Berthoud H-R, Kressel M, Neuhuber WL. An anterograde tracing study of the vagal innervation of rat liver, portal vein and biliary system. Anatom Embryol 1992; 186:431-442.
    • (1992) Anatom Embryol , vol.186 , pp. 431-442
    • Berthoud, H.-R.1    Kressel, M.2    Neuhuber, W.L.3
  • 38
    • 0034695176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system
    • Berthoud H-R, Neuhuber WL. Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Autonom Neurosci: Basic Clin 2000; 85:1-17.
    • (2000) Autonom Neurosci: Basic Clin , vol.85 , pp. 1-17
    • Berthoud, H.-R.1    Neuhuber, W.L.2
  • 39
    • 0036178788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low glucose-sensing cells in the carotid body
    • Pardal R, Lopez-Barneo J. Low glucose-sensing cells in the carotid body. Nat Neurosci 2002; 5:197-198.
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 197-198
    • Pardal, R.1    Lopez-Barneo, J.2
  • 40
    • 0141705347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A glucose sensor hiding in a family of transporters
    • Diez-Sampedro A, Hirayama BA, Osswald C, et al. A glucose sensor hiding in a family of transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:11753-11758. This study provides evidence that the sodium ion/glucose symporter isoform SGLT3 does not transport glucose but is a glucose sensor, present in intestinal mucosa nerve terminals.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 11753-11758
    • Diez-Sampedro, A.1    Hirayama, B.A.2    Osswald, C.3
  • 41
    • 0037043704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake
    • Batterham RL, Cowley MA, Small CJ, et al. Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature 2002; 418:650-654.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 650-654
    • Batterham, R.L.1    Cowley, M.A.2    Small, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0041859261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36
    • Batterham RL, Cohen MA, Ellis SM, et al. Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:941-948.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 941-948
    • Batterham, R.L.1    Cohen, M.A.2    Ellis, S.M.3
  • 43
    • 0030890568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying 20 years after jejunoileal bypass for massive obesity
    • Naslund E, Gryback P, Hellstrom PM, et al. Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying 20 years after jejunoileal bypass for massive obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21:387-392.
    • (1997) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.21 , pp. 387-392
    • Naslund, E.1    Gryback, P.2    Hellstrom, P.M.3
  • 44
    • 0036849961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding
    • Gomez R, Navarro M, Ferrer B, et al. A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding. J Neurosci 2002; 22:9612-9617.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 9612-9617
    • Gomez, R.1    Navarro, M.2    Ferrer, B.3
  • 45
    • 0035829625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding
    • Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Navarro M, Gomez R, et al. An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature 2001; 414:209-212.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 209-212
    • Rodriguez De Fonseca, F.1    Navarro, M.2    Gomez, R.3
  • 46
    • 0041469938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endogenous cannabinoid tone attenuates cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation in mice
    • Izzo AA, Capasso F, Costagliola A, et al. An endogenous cannabinoid tone attenuates cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation in mice. Gastroenterology 2003; 125:765-774.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 765-774
    • Izzo, A.A.1    Capasso, F.2    Costagliola, A.3
  • 47
    • 0041321275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha
    • Fu J, Gaetani S, Oveisi F, et al. Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha. Nature 2003; 425:90-93. A very interesting study showing that endocannabinoids synthesized in the gut can regulate food intake through their interaction with hepatocyte nuclear receptors.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 90-93
    • Fu, J.1    Gaetani, S.2    Oveisi, F.3
  • 48
    • 0041820128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential influences of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and -alpha on food intake and energy homeostasis
    • Larsen PJ, Jensen PB, Sorensen RV, et al. Differential influences of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and -alpha on food intake and energy homeostasis. Diabetes 2003; 52:2249-2259.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 2249-2259
    • Larsen, P.J.1    Jensen, P.B.2    Sorensen, R.V.3
  • 49
    • 1542267814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin cells replace insulin-producing {beta} cells in two mouse models of pancreas development
    • Prado CL, Pugh-Bernard AE, Elghazi L, et al. Ghrelin cells replace insulin-producing {beta} cells in two mouse models of pancreas development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:2924-2929.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 2924-2929
    • Prado, C.L.1    Pugh-Bernard, A.E.2    Elghazi, L.3
  • 50
    • 1242318803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is expressed in a novel endocrine cell type in developing rat islets and inhibits insulin secretion from INS-1 (832/13) cells
    • Wierup N, Yang S, McEvilly RJ, et al. Ghrelin is expressed in a novel endocrine cell type in developing rat islets and inhibits insulin secretion from INS-1 (832/13) cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2004; 52:301-310.
    • (2004) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.52 , pp. 301-310
    • Wierup, N.1    Yang, S.2    McEvilly, R.J.3
  • 51
    • 0037098974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ghrelin cell: A novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas
    • Wierup N, Svensson H, Mulder H, Sundler F. The ghrelin cell: a novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas. Regul Pept 2002; 107:63-69.
    • (2002) Regul Pept , vol.107 , pp. 63-69
    • Wierup, N.1    Svensson, H.2    Mulder, H.3    Sundler, F.4
  • 52
    • 10744221751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin induces Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats
    • Ruter J, Kobelt P, Tebbe JJ, et al. Intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin induces Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats. Brain Res 2003; 991:26-33.
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.991 , pp. 26-33
    • Ruter, J.1    Kobelt, P.2    Tebbe, J.J.3
  • 53
    • 0037320674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin-producing neurons are targets for ghrelin actions in the rat hypothalamus
    • Seoane LM, Lopez M, Tovar S, et al. Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin-producing neurons are targets for ghrelin actions in the rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2003; 144:544-551.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 544-551
    • Seoane, L.M.1    Lopez, M.2    Tovar, S.3
  • 54
    • 0037382853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin directly interacts with neuropeptide-Y-containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus: Ca2+ signaling via protein kinase A and N-type channel-dependent mechanisms and cross-talk with leptin and orexin
    • Kohno D, Gao HZ, Muroya S, et al. Ghrelin directly interacts with neuropeptide-Y-containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus: Ca2+ signaling via protein kinase A and N-type channel-dependent mechanisms and cross-talk with leptin and orexin. Diabetes 2003; 52:948-956. A nice study on the direct effect of ghrelin on isolated hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 948-956
    • Kohno, D.1    Gao, H.Z.2    Muroya, S.3
  • 55
    • 0037456519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis
    • Cowley MA, Smith RG, Diano S, et al. The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis. Neuron 2003; 37:649-661. A detailed study of hypothalamic ghrelin expressing neurons and their local synaptic connections.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 649-661
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Smith, R.G.2    Diano, S.3
  • 56
    • 0037388790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin-induced food intake is mediated via the orexin pathway
    • Toshinai K, Date Y, Murakami N, et al. Ghrelin-induced food intake is mediated via the orexin pathway. Endocrinology 2003; 144:1506-1512.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 1506-1512
    • Toshinai, K.1    Date, Y.2    Murakami, N.3
  • 57
    • 0038521277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice
    • Yamanaka A, Beuckmann CT, Willie JT, et al. Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice. Neuron 2003; 38:701-713.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.38 , pp. 701-713
    • Yamanaka, A.1    Beuckmann, C.T.2    Willie, J.T.3
  • 58
    • 0242580169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite
    • Sun Y, Ahmed S, Smith RG. Deletion of ghrelin impairs neither growth nor appetite. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:7973-7981.
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , pp. 7973-7981
    • Sun, Y.1    Ahmed, S.2    Smith, R.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.