메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 66-79

Population Stratification in the Candidate Gene Study: Fatal Threat or Red Herring?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CASE CONTROL STUDY; ETHNIC GROUP; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; PHENOTYPE; POPULATION GENETICS; REPRODUCIBILITY;

EID: 0345742326     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.66     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (88)
  • 2
    • 0036071296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for population subdivision and association in four case-control studies
    • Ardlie, K. G., Lunetta, K. L., & Seielstad, M. (2002). Testing for population subdivision and association in four case-control studies. American Journal of Human Genetics, 71, 304-311.
    • (2002) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.71 , pp. 304-311
    • Ardlie, K.G.1    Lunetta, K.L.2    Seielstad, M.3
  • 5
    • 0030033685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking
    • Benjamin, J., Li, L., Patterson, C., Greenberg, B. D., Murphy, D. L., & Hamer, D. H. (1996). Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking. Nature Genetics, 12, 81-84.
    • (1996) Nature Genetics , vol.12 , pp. 81-84
    • Benjamin, J.1    Li, L.2    Patterson, C.3    Greenberg, B.D.4    Murphy, D.L.5    Hamer, D.H.6
  • 7
    • 0031949273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association mapping based on discordant sib pairs: The discordant-alleles test
    • Boehnke, M., & Langefeld, C. D. (1998). Genetic association mapping based on discordant sib pairs: The discordant-alleles test. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 950-961.
    • (1998) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.62 , pp. 950-961
    • Boehnke, M.1    Langefeld, C.D.2
  • 8
    • 0033106050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic concepts in the study of diseases with complex genetics
    • Burmeister, M. (1999). Basic concepts in the study of diseases with complex genetics. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 522-532.
    • (1999) Biological Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 522-532
    • Burmeister, M.1
  • 9
    • 0000756624 scopus 로고
    • Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings
    • Campbell, D. T. (1957). Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings. Psychological Bulletin, 54, 297-312.
    • (1957) Psychological Bulletin , vol.54 , pp. 297-312
    • Campbell, D.T.1
  • 10
    • 0001769616 scopus 로고
    • Relabeling internal and external validity for applied social scientists
    • W. M. K. Trochim (Ed.) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
    • Campbell, D. T. (1986). Relabeling internal and external validity for applied social scientists. In W. M. K. Trochim (Ed.), Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis (pp. 67-77). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1986) Advances in Quasi-experimental Design and Analysis , pp. 67-77
    • Campbell, D.T.1
  • 11
    • 0001927905 scopus 로고
    • Making the case for randomized assignment to treatments by considering alternatives: Six ways in which quasi-experimental evaluations in compensatory education tend to underestimate effects
    • C. A. Bennett & A. A. Lumsdaine (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • Campbell, D. T., & Boruch, R. F. (1975). Making the case for randomized assignment to treatments by considering alternatives: Six ways in which quasi-experimental evaluations in compensatory education tend to underestimate effects. In C. A. Bennett & A. A. Lumsdaine (Eds.), Evaluation and experiments: Some critical issues in assessing social programs (pp. 195-296). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1975) Evaluation and Experiments: Some Critical Issues in Assessing Social Programs , pp. 195-296
    • Campbell, D.T.1    Boruch, R.F.2
  • 12
    • 0035257236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study designs for complex diseases
    • Cardon, L. R., & Bell, J. I. (2001). Association study designs for complex diseases. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2, 91-99.
    • (2001) Nature Reviews Genetics , vol.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Bell, J.I.2
  • 13
    • 0027921796 scopus 로고
    • NRC report on DNA typing
    • May 21
    • Chakraborty, R. (1993, May 21). NRC report on DNA typing, Science, 260, 5111.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 5111
    • Chakraborty, R.1
  • 14
    • 0029942216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world-wide distribution of allele frequencies at the human dopamine D4 receptor locus
    • Chang, F. M., Kidd, J. R., Livak, K. J., Pakstis, A. J., & Kidd, K. K. (1996). The world-wide distribution of allele frequencies at the human dopamine D4 receptor locus. Human Genetics, 98, 91-101.
    • (1996) Human Genetics , vol.98 , pp. 91-101
    • Chang, F.M.1    Kidd, J.R.2    Livak, K.J.3    Pakstis, A.J.4    Kidd, K.K.5
  • 15
    • 0033900308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory investigation of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias: Review and update
    • Clarke, G. M., & Higgins, T. N. (2000). Laboratory investigation of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias: Review and update. Clinical Chemistry, 46, 1284-1290.
    • (2000) Clinical Chemistry , vol.46 , pp. 1284-1290
    • Clarke, G.M.1    Higgins, T.N.2
  • 18
    • 0036415294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic contributions to addiction
    • Crabbe, J. C. (2002). Genetic contributions to addiction. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 435-462.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 435-462
    • Crabbe, J.C.1
  • 20
    • 0032714352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic control for association studies
    • Devlin, B., & Roeder, K. (1999). Genomic control for association studies, Biometrics, 55, 997-1004.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.55 , pp. 997-1004
    • Devlin, B.1    Roeder, K.2
  • 21
    • 13344275183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking
    • Ebstein, R. P., Novick, O., Umansky, R., Priel, B., Osher, Y., Blaine, D., et al. (1996). Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking. Nature Genetics, 12, 78-80.
    • (1996) Nature Genetics , vol.12 , pp. 78-80
    • Ebstein, R.P.1    Novick, O.2    Umansky, R.3    Priel, B.4    Osher, Y.5    Blaine, D.6
  • 28
    • 0027339609 scopus 로고
    • The Al allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism: A reappraisal
    • Gelernter, J., Goldman, D., & Risch, N. (1993). The Al allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism: A reappraisal. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269, 1673-1677.
    • (1993) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.269 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Gelernter, J.1    Goldman, D.2    Risch, N.3
  • 29
    • 0033137333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) allele and haplotype frequencies in alcohol dependent and control subjects: No association with phenotype or severity of phenotype
    • Gelernter, J., & Kranzler, H. (1999). D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) allele and haplotype frequencies in alcohol dependent and control subjects: No association with phenotype or severity of phenotype. Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 640-649.
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.20 , pp. 640-649
    • Gelernter, J.1    Kranzler, H.2
  • 30
    • 0030730805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) alleles and novelty seeking in substance-dependent, personality-disorder, and control subjects
    • Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H., Coccaro, E., Siever, L., New, A., & Mulgrew, C. L. (1997). D4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) alleles and novelty seeking in substance-dependent, personality-disorder, and control subjects. American Journal of Human Genetics, 61, 1144-1152.
    • (1997) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.61 , pp. 1144-1152
    • Gelernter, J.1    Kranzler, H.2    Coccaro, E.3    Siever, L.4    New, A.5    Mulgrew, C.L.6
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0002548249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of narrow psychiatric phenotypes and "super" normal controls
    • K. N. Blum & P. Ernest (Eds.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Hill, S. Y., & Neiswanger, K. (1997). The value of narrow psychiatric phenotypes and "super" normal controls. In K. N. Blum & P. Ernest (Eds.), Handbook of psychiatric genetics (pp. 37-48). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (1997) Handbook of Psychiatric Genetics , pp. 37-48
    • Hill, S.Y.1    Neiswanger, K.2
  • 33
    • 0027485181 scopus 로고
    • Linkage analysis versus association analysis: Distinguishing between two models that explain disease marker association
    • Hodge, S. E. (1993). Linkage analysis versus association analysis: Distinguishing between two models that explain disease marker association. American Journal of Human Genetics, 53, 367-384.
    • (1993) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.53 , pp. 367-384
    • Hodge, S.E.1
  • 34
    • 84973815909 scopus 로고
    • Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations
    • Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5, 602-619.
    • (1981) Evaluation Review , vol.5 , pp. 602-619
    • Judd, C.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 35
    • 0034938041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time, memory and the heritability of major depression
    • Kendler, K., & Aggen, S. H. (2001). Time, memory and the heritability of major depression. Psychological Medicine, 31, 923-928.
    • (2001) Psychological Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 923-928
    • Kendler, K.1    Aggen, S.H.2
  • 36
    • 0035002749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk factors for major depression in men and women: Similar or different heritabilities and same or partly distinct genes?
    • Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., Neale, M. C., & Prescott, C. A. (2001). Genetic risk factors for major depression in men and women: Similar or different heritabilities and same or partly distinct genes? Psychological Medicine, 31, 605-616.
    • (2001) Psychological Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 605-616
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Gardner, C.O.2    Neale, M.C.3    Prescott, C.A.4
  • 37
    • 0032954516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women
    • Kendler, K. S., & Prescott, C. A. (1999). A population-based twin study of lifetime major depression in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 39-44.
    • (1999) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 39-44
    • Kendler, K.S.1    Prescott, C.A.2
  • 38
    • 0031685062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus
    • Kidd, K. K., Morar, B., Castiglione, C. M., Zhao, H., Pakstis, A. J., Speed, W. C., et al. (1998). A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus. Human Genetics, 103, 211-227.
    • (1998) Human Genetics , vol.103 , pp. 211-227
    • Kidd, K.K.1    Morar, B.2    Castiglione, C.M.3    Zhao, H.4    Pakstis, A.J.5    Speed, W.C.6
  • 40
    • 0035220378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Null hypothesis significance testing: On the survival of a flawed method
    • Krueger, J. (2001). Null hypothesis significance testing: On the survival of a flawed method. American Psychologist, 56, 16-26.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 16-26
    • Krueger, J.1
  • 41
    • 0035251817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between smoking and Alzheimer's disease: Effects of study design and bias
    • Kukull, W. A. (2001). The association between smoking and Alzheimer's disease: Effects of study design and bias. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 194-199.
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 194-199
    • Kukull, W.A.1
  • 43
    • 0033175098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes
    • Lernmark, A. (1999). Type 1 diabetes. Clinical Chemistry, 45, 1331-1338.
    • (1999) Clinical Chemistry , vol.45 , pp. 1331-1338
    • Lernmark, A.1
  • 45
    • 0033106068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and pitfalls encountered in psychiatric genetic association studies
    • Malhotra, A. K., & Goldman, D. (1999). Benefits and pitfalls encountered in psychiatric genetic association studies. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 544-550.
    • (1999) Biological Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 544-550
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Goldman, D.2
  • 46
    • 0030275937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) 16 amino acid repeat polymorphism and novelty seeking
    • Malhotra, A. K., Virkkunen, M., Rooney, W., Eggert, M., Linnoila, M., & Goldman, D. (1996). The association between the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) 16 amino acid repeat polymorphism and novelty seeking. Molecular Psychiatry, 1, 388-391.
    • (1996) Molecular Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 388-391
    • Malhotra, A.K.1    Virkkunen, M.2    Rooney, W.3    Eggert, M.4    Linnoila, M.5    Goldman, D.6
  • 48
    • 0027080723 scopus 로고
    • The future of genetic epidemiology
    • Morton, N. E. (1992). The future of genetic epidemiology. Annals of Medicine, 24, 557-562.
    • (1992) Annals of Medicine , vol.24 , pp. 557-562
    • Morton, N.E.1
  • 50
    • 0031595664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The D2 dopamine receptor gene: A review of association studies in alcoholism and phenotypes
    • Noble, E. P. (1998). The D2 dopamine receptor gene: A review of association studies in alcoholism and phenotypes, Alcohol, 16, 33-45.
    • (1998) Alcohol , vol.16 , pp. 33-45
    • Noble, E.P.1
  • 53
  • 56
    • 18244402218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide scan of 1842 DNA markers for allelic associations with general cognitive ability: A five-stage design using DNA pooling and extreme selected groups
    • Plomin, R., Hill, L., Craig, I. W., McGuffin, P., Purcell, S., Sham, P., et al. (2001). A genome-wide scan of 1842 DNA markers for allelic associations with general cognitive ability: A five-stage design using DNA pooling and extreme selected groups. Behavior Genetics, 31, 497-509.
    • (2001) Behavior Genetics , vol.31 , pp. 497-509
    • Plomin, R.1    Hill, L.2    Craig, I.W.3    McGuffin, P.4    Purcell, S.5    Sham, P.6
  • 57
    • 0028340175 scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis of complex human behaviors
    • June 17
    • Plomin, R., Owen, M. J., & McGuffin, P. (1994, June 17). The genetic basis of complex human behaviors. Science, 264, 1733-1739.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1733-1739
    • Plomin, R.1    Owen, M.J.2    McGuffin, P.3
  • 58
    • 0032492108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human novelty-seeking personality traits and dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms: A twin and genetic association study
    • Pogue-Geile, M., Ferrell, R., Deka, R., Debski, T., & Manuck, S. (1998). Human novelty-seeking personality traits and dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms: A twin and genetic association study. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 81, 44-48.
    • (1998) American Journal of Medical Genetics , vol.81 , pp. 44-48
    • Pogue-Geile, M.1    Ferrell, R.2    Deka, R.3    Debski, T.4    Manuck, S.5
  • 59
    • 0035528928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations
    • Pritchard, J. K., & Donnelly, P. (2001). Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations. Theoretical Population Biology, 60, 227-237.
    • (2001) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.60 , pp. 227-237
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Donnelly, P.2
  • 60
    • 0033358548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies
    • Pritchard, J. K., & Rosenberg, N. A. (1999). Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies. American Journal of Human Genetics, 65, 220-228.
    • (1999) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.65 , pp. 220-228
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Rosenberg, N.A.2
  • 62
    • 0035060492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics of alcohol response and alcoholism: The interplay of genes and environmental factors in thresholds for alcoholism
    • Radel, M., & Goldman, D. (2001). Pharmacogenetics of alcohol response and alcoholism: The interplay of genes and environmental factors in thresholds for alcoholism. Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 29, 489-494.
    • (2001) Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals , vol.29 , pp. 489-494
    • Radel, M.1    Goldman, D.2
  • 63
    • 0035185344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification
    • Reich, D. E., & Goldstein, D. B. (2001). Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification. Genetic Epidemiology, 20, 4-16.
    • (2001) Genetic Epidemiology , vol.20 , pp. 4-16
    • Reich, D.E.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 64
    • 0029741063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases
    • September 13
    • Risch, N., & Merikangas, K. (1996, September 13). The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science, 273, 1516-1517.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1516-1517
    • Risch, N.1    Merikangas, K.2
  • 65
    • 0025984375 scopus 로고
    • Discussing hidden bias in observational studies
    • Rosenbaum, P. R. (1991). Discussing hidden bias in observational studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 901-905.
    • (1991) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.115 , pp. 901-905
    • Rosenbaum, P.R.1
  • 68
    • 0035121797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for unmeasured population substructure in case-control studies of genetic association using a novel latent-class model
    • Satten, G. A., Flanders, W. D., & Yang, Q. (2001). Accounting for unmeasured population substructure in case-control studies of genetic association using a novel latent-class model. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, 466-477.
    • (2001) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.68 , pp. 466-477
    • Satten, G.A.1    Flanders, W.D.2    Yang, Q.3
  • 70
    • 0000724985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for training of researchers
    • Schmidt, F. L. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1, 115-129.
    • (1996) Psychological Methods , vol.1 , pp. 115-129
    • Schmidt, F.L.1
  • 71
    • 0031904741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological, psychological and environmental predictors of the alcoholism risk: A longitudinal study
    • Schuckit, M. A. (1998). Biological, psychological and environmental predictors of the alcoholism risk: A longitudinal study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 485-494.
    • (1998) Journal of Studies on Alcohol , vol.59 , pp. 485-494
    • Schuckit, M.A.1
  • 73
    • 0033638443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships of a family history of alcohol dependence, a low level of response to alcohol and six domains of life functioning to the development of alcohol use disorders
    • Schuckit, M. A., & Smith, T. L. (2000). The relationships of a family history of alcohol dependence, a low level of response to alcohol and six domains of life functioning to the development of alcohol use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 827-835.
    • (2000) Journal of Studies on Alcohol , vol.61 , pp. 827-835
    • Schuckit, M.A.1    Smith, T.L.2
  • 74
    • 85047671883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting field experimentation: Field notes for the future
    • Shadish, W. R. (2002). Revisiting field experimentation: Field notes for the future. Psychological Methods, 7, 3-18.
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 3-18
    • Shadish, W.R.1
  • 78
    • 0034626404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotypes of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2-subunit (CHRNB2) gene show no association with smoking initiation or nicotine dependence
    • Silverman, M. A., Neale, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., Harris-Kerr, C., Wormley, B., Sadek, H., et al. (2000). Haplotypes of four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2-subunit (CHRNB2) gene show no association with smoking initiation or nicotine dependence. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 96, 646-653.
    • (2000) American Journal of Medical Genetics , vol.96 , pp. 646-653
    • Silverman, M.A.1    Neale, M.C.2    Sullivan, P.F.3    Harris-Kerr, C.4    Wormley, B.5    Sadek, H.6
  • 79
    • 0027377799 scopus 로고
    • Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: The insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
    • Spielman, R. S., McGinnis, R. E., & Ewens, W. J. (1993). Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium: The insulin gene region and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). American Journal of Human Genetics, 52, 506-516.
    • (1993) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.52 , pp. 506-516
    • Spielman, R.S.1    McGinnis, R.E.2    Ewens, W.J.3
  • 80
    • 0033499806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A twin study of drinking and smoking onset and latencies from first use to regular use
    • Stallings, M. C., Hewitt, J. K., Beresford, T., Heath, A. C., & Eaves, L. J. (1999). A twin study of drinking and smoking onset and latencies from first use to regular use. Behavior Genetics, 29, 409-421.
    • (1999) Behavior Genetics , vol.29 , pp. 409-421
    • Stallings, M.C.1    Hewitt, J.K.2    Beresford, T.3    Heath, A.C.4    Eaves, L.J.5
  • 83
    • 0034686618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population stratification in epidemiologic studies of common genetic variants and cancer: Quantification of bias
    • Wacholder, S., Rothman, N., & Caporaso, N. (2000). Population stratification in epidemiologic studies of common genetic variants and cancer: Quantification of bias. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92, 1151-1158.
    • (2000) Journal of the National Cancer Institute , vol.92 , pp. 1151-1158
    • Wacholder, S.1    Rothman, N.2    Caporaso, N.3
  • 84
    • 0034062205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorexia nervosa and major depression: Shared genetic and environmental risk factors
    • Wade, T. D., Bulik, C. M., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2000). Anorexia nervosa and major depression: Shared genetic and environmental risk factors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 469-471.
    • (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 469-471
    • Wade, T.D.1    Bulik, C.M.2    Neale, M.C.3    Kendler, K.S.4
  • 85
    • 0008635057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal inference and generalization in field settings: Experimental and quasi-experimental designs
    • H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.) Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • West, S. G., Biesanz, J. C., & Pitts, S. C. (2000). Causal inference and generalization in field settings: Experimental and quasi-experimental designs. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 40-84). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology , pp. 40-84
    • West, S.G.1    Biesanz, J.C.2    Pitts, S.C.3
  • 86
    • 0001653457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods in psychology journals
    • Wilkinson, L., & the Task Force on Statistical Inference. (1999). Statistical methods in psychology journals. American Psychologist, 54, 594-604.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 594-604
    • Wilkinson, L.1
  • 87
    • 0003396452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. (1999). Global status report on alcohol. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/pubs_alcohol.htm
    • (1999) Global Status Report on Alcohol
  • 88
    • 0034893786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative similarity-based association tests using population samples
    • Zhang, S., & Zhao, H. (2001). Quantitative similarity-based association tests using population samples. American Journal of Human Genetics, 69, 601-614.
    • (2001) American Journal of Human Genetics , vol.69 , pp. 601-614
    • Zhang, S.1    Zhao, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.