Exploiting the hallmarks of cancer: The future conquest of breast cancer

European Journal of Cancer

Volumn 39, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1668-1675

  Sledge Jr , G W ^a,b   Miller, K D ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Indiana Cancer Pavilion   (United States)

Author keywords

Biology; Breast cancer; Hallmarks of cancer; Targeted therapies

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR;

ANGIOGENESIS; APOPTOSIS; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOTOXICITY; GENOME; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM;

EID: 0041346051     PISSN: 09598049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-8049(03)00273-9     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (85)

1. Hanahan D., Weinberg R. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 100:2000;57-70.
2. Beatson G. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma. suggestions for a new method of treatment, with illustrative cases Lancet. 2:1896;104-107.
3. Jensen E., DeSombre E., Jungblut P. Estrogen Receptors in Hormone Responsive Tissues and Tumors. 1969;University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
4. Slamon D., Clark G., Wong S., Levin W., Ullrich A., McGuire W. Human breast cancer. correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene Science. 235:1987;177-182.
5. Slamon D., Leyland-Jones B., Shak S.et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:2001;783-792.
6. Baum M. The ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) adjuvant breast cancer trial in post-menopausal women. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 69:2001;210.
7. Kurokawa H., Arteaga C. ErbB (HER) receptors can abrogate antiestrogen action in human breast cancer by multiple signaling mechanisms. Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2003;511S-515S.
8. Masserweh S., Shou J., Mohsin S.et al. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor/HER2 receptor signaling using ZD1839 ("Iressa") restores tamoxifen sensitivity and delays resiatance to estrogen deprivation in HER2-overexpressing breast tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 21:2002;33a. (abstr #130).
9. Dowsett M., Harper-Wynne C., Boeddinghaus I.et al. HER-2 amplification impedes the antiproliferative effects of hormone therapy in estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 61:2001;8452-8458.
10. Schiff R., Masserweh S., Shou J.et al. Breast cancer endocrine resistance. how growth factor signaling and estrogen receptor coregulators modulate response Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2003;447s-454s.
11. Shou J., Masserweh S., Mohsin S.et al. Blockade of the estrogen receptor/growth factor cross-talk implicated in breast cancer tamoxifen resistance using a selective EGFR TK inhibitor. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;S71.
12. Witters L., Engle L., Lipton A. Restoration of estrogen responsiveness by blocking the HER-2/neu pathway. Oncol. Rep. 9:2002;1163-1166.
13. Masserweh S., Shou J., DiPietro M.et al. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway improves the anti-tumor effect of tamoxifen and delays acquired resistance in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;S33.
14. Johnston S., Hickish T., Houston S., Ellis P., Howes A., Thibault A. Efficiacy and tolerability of two dosing regimens of R115777 (Zarnestra), a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor, in patients with advanced breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 21:2002;35a. (abstr #138).
15. Schroeder J., Lee D. Transgenic mice reveal roles for TGFalpha and EGF receptor in mammary gland development and neoplasia. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia. 2:1997;119-129.
16. Humphreys R.C., Hennighausen L. Transforming growth factor alpha and mouse models of human breast cancer. Oncogene. 19:2000;1085-1091.
17. Brandt R., Eisenbrandt R., Leenders F.et al. Mammary gland specific hEGF receptor transgene expression induces neoplasia and inhibits differentiation. Oncogene. 19:2000;2129-2137.
18. Tang C.K., Gong X.Q., Moscatello D.K., Wong A.J., Lippman M.E. Epidermal growth factor receptor VIII enhances tumorigenicity in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 60:2000;3081-3087.
19. Albain K., Elledge R., Gradishar W.et al. Open-label, phase II, multicenter trial of ZD1839 ('Iressa') in patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;33. (abstr #20).
20. Winer E., Cobleigh M., Dickler M.et al. Phase II multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tarceva (erlotinib, OSI-774) in women with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;S115.
21. Baserga R. IGF-1 receptor as the restriction point of the cell cycle. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 663:1992;154-157.
22. Westley B., May F. Insulin-like growth factors. the unrecognized oncogenes Br. J. Cancer. 72:1995;1065-1066.
23. Laban C., Bustin S., Jenkins P. The GH-IGF-I axis and breast cancer. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14:2002;28-34.
24. Ingle J., Suman V., Kardinal C.et al. A randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with octreotide in the treatment of women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer. 85:1999;1284-1292.
25. Ingle J., Kardinal C., Suman V.et al. Octreotide as first-line treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer. Invest. New Drugs. 14:1996;235-237.
26. Bajetta E., Procopio G., Ferrari L.et al. A randomized, multicenter prospective trial assessing long-acting release octreotide pamoate plus tamoxifen as a first-line therapy for advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer. 94:2002;299-304.
27. Bryant E., Smith R., Margolese R.et al. Increased gallbladder adverse events associated with octreotide pa LAR in patients with breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 20:2001;. (abstr 197), 509.
28. Heffelfinger S., Yassin R., Miller M., Lower E. Cyclin D1, retinoblastoma, p53, and Her2/neu protein expression in preinvasive breast pathologies. correlation with vascularity Pathobiol. 68:2000;129-136.
29. Keyomarsi K., Tucker S., Buchholz T.et al. Cyclin E and survival in patients with breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:2002;1566-1575.
30. Tsihlias J., Kapusta L., Slingerland J. The prognostic significance of altered cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human cancer. Ann. Rev. Med. 50:1999;401-423.
31. Thor A., Liu S., Moore D.N., Shi Q., Edgerton S. p(21WAF1/CIP1) expression in breast cancers. associations with p53 and outcome Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 61:2000;33-43.
32. Tan P., Cady B., Wanner M.et al. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 is an independent prognostic marker in small (T1a,b) invasive breast carcinomas. Cancer Res. 57:1997;1259-1263.
33. Zafonte B., Hulit J., Amanatullah D.et al. Cell-cycle dysregulation in breast cancer. breast cancer therapies targeting the cell cycle Frontiers Bioscience. 5:2000;D938-D961.
34. Tan A., Headlee D., Messmann R.et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of flavopiridol administered as a daily 1-hour infusion in patients with advanced neoplasms. J. Clin. Oncol. 20:2002;4074-4082.
35. Thomas J., Tutsch K., Cleary J.et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic trial of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 50:2002;465-472.
36. Cicatiello L., Addeo R., Altucci L.et al. The antiestrogen ICI 182,780 inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells by interfering with multiple, sequential estrogen-regulated processes required for cell cycle completion. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 165:2000;199-209.
37. Skildum A., Mukherjee S., Conrad S. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1 is an antiestrogen-regulated inhibitor of Cdk4 in human breast cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;5145-5152.
38. Lenferink A.E., Simpson J.F., Shawver L.K., Coffey R.J., Forbes J.T., Arteaga C.L. Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase suppresses tumorigenesis in MMTV/Neu+MMTV/TGF-alpha bigenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97:2000;9609-9614.
39. Sandor V., Senderowicz A., Mertins S.et al. P21-dependent g(1)arrest with downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of cyclin E by the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228. Br. J. Cancer. 83:2000;817-825.
40. Zhu W.Y., Jones C.S., Kiss A., Matsukuma K., Amin S., De Luca L.M. Retinoic acid inhibition of cell cycle progression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Exp. Cell. Res. 234:1997;293-299.
41. Johnstone R., Ruefli A., Lowe S. Apoptosis. a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy Cell. 108:2002;153-164.
42. Zaffaroni N., Daidone M. Survivin expression and resistance to anticancer treatments. perspectives for new therapeutic interventions Drug Resist. Update. 5:2002;65-72.
43. Lopes de Menezes D., Hudon N., McIntosh N., Mayer L. Molecular and pharmacokinetic properties associated with the therapeutics of bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide G3139 combined with free and liposomal doxorubicin. Clin. Cancer Res. 6:2000;2891-2902.
44. Walczak H., Miller R., Ariail K.et al. Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nature Med. 5:1999;157-163.
45. Herbert B.S., Wright W.E., Shay J.W. Telomerase and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 3:2001;146-149.
46. Shpitz B., Zimlichman S., Zemer R.et al. Telomerase activity in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 58:1999;65-69.
47. Mueller C., Riese U., Kosmehl H., Dahse R., Claussen U., Ernst G. Telomerase activity in microdissected human breast cancer tissues. association with p53, p21 and outcome Int. J. Oncol. 20:2002;385-390.
48. Mokbel K.M., Parris C.N., Ghilchik M., Amerasinghe C.N., Newbold R.F. Telomerase activity and lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 26:2000;30-33.
49. Bieche I., Nogues C., Paradis V.et al. Quantitation of hTERT gene expression in sporadic breast tumors with a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Clin. Cancer Res. 6:2000;452-459.
50. Kyo S., Takakura M., Kanaya T.et al. Estrogen activates telomerase. Cancer Res. 59:1999;5917-5921.
51. Wang Z., Kyo S., Takakura M.et al. Progesterone regulates human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Cancer Res. 60:2000;5376-5381.
52. Izbicka E., Wheelhouse R., Raymond E.et al. Effects of cationic porphyrins as G-quadruplex interactive agents in human tumor cells. Cancer Res. 59:1999;639-644.
53. Xu D., Wang Q., Gruber A.et al. Downregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression by wild type p53 in human tumor cells. Oncogene. 19:2000;5123-5133.
54. Ludwig A., Saretzki G., Holm P.S.et al. Ribozyme cleavage of telomerase mRNA sensitizes breast epithelial cells to inhibitors of topoisomerase. Cancer Res. 61:2001;3053-3061.
55. Muller A., Saretzki G., von Zglinicki T. Telomerase inhibition by induced expression of antisense RNA. Adv. Exp. Med, Biol. 451:1998;23-26.
56. Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis. therapeutic implications N. Engl. J. Med. 285:1971;1182-1186.
57. Sledge G., Miller K., Novotny W., Gaudreault J., Ash M., Cobleigh M. A phase II trial of single-agent rhuMAb VEGF (recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor) in patients with relapsed metastatic breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 19:2000;3a. (abstr 5c).
58. Cobleigh M., Miller K., Langmuir V.et al. Phase II dose escalation trial of Avastin (bevacizumab) in women with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 69:2001;301.
59. Miller K., Rugo H., Cobleigh M.et al. Phase III trial of capecitabine (Xeloda) plus bevacizumab (Avastin) versus capecitabine alone in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;S37. (abstr #36).
60. Monteagudo C., Merino M.J., San-Juan J., Liotta L.A., Stetler-Stevenson W.G. Immunohistochemical distribution of type IV collagenase in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue. Am. J. Pathol. 136:1990;585-592.
61. Kossakowska A.E., Huchcroft S.A., Urbanski S.J., Edwards D.R. Comparative analysis of the expression patterns of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in breast neoplasia, sporadic colorectal neoplasia, pulmonary carcinomas and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in humans. Br. J. Cancer. 73:1996;1401-1408.
62. Zucker S., Lysik R.M., Zarrabi M.H., Moll U. Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase is increased in plasma of patients with colon cancer and breast cancer. Cancer Res. 53:1993;140-146.
63. Sledge G.W., Qulali M., Goulet R., Bone E.A., Fife R. Effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat on breast cancer regrowth and metastasis in athymic mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87:1995;1546-1550.
64. Hidalgo M., Eckhardt S.G. Development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer therapy. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 93:2001;178-193.
65. Shepard F., Giaccone G., Debruyne C.et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of marimastat in paitents with small cell lung cancer following response to first-line chemotherapyL An NCIC-CTG and EORTC study. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 20:2001;4a.
66. Bramhall S., Rosemurgy A., Brown P.et al. Marimastat as first-line therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. a randomized trial J. Clin. Oncol. 19:2001;3447-3455.
67. Sparano J., Bernardo P., Gradishar W., Ingle J., Zucker S., Davidson N. Randomized phase III trial of marimastat versus placebo in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have responding or stable disease after first-line chemotherapy. an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial (E2196) Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 21:2002;45a. (abstr #173).
68. Miller K., Gradishar W., Schuchter L.et al. A randomized Phase II pilot trial of adjuvant marimastat in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Ann. Oncol. 13:2002;1220-1224.
69. Prechtl A., Harbeck N., Thomssen C.et al. Tumor-biological factors uPA and PAI-1 as stratification criteria of a multicenter adjuvant chemotherapy trial in node-negative breast cancer. Int. J. Biol. Markers. 15:2000;73-78.
70. Malmstrom P., Bendahl P.O., Boiesen P., Brunner N., Idvall I., Ferno M. S-phase fraction and urokinase plasminogen activator are better markers for distant recurrences than Nottingham Prognostic Index and histologic grade in a prospective study of premenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 19:2001;2010-2019.
71. Harbeck N., Schmitt M., Kates R.et al. Clinical utility of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 determination in primary breast cancer tissue for individualized therapy concepts. Clin. Breast Cancer. 3:2002;196-200.
72. Harbeck N., Kates R., Look M.et al. Enhanced benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients classified high-risk according to urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (n=3424). Cancer Res. 62:2002;4617-4622.
73. Weaver Z., Montagna C., Xu X.et al. Mammary tumors in mice conditionally mutant for Brca1 exhibit gross genomic instability and centrosome amplification yet display a recurring distribution of genomic imbalances that is similar to human breast cancer. Oncogene. 21:2002;5097-5107.
74. Savelyeva L., Claas A., Matzner I.et al. Constitutional genomic instability with inversions, duplications, and amplifications in 9p23-24 in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Res. 61:2001;5179-5185.
75. Papadopoulos S., Benter T., Anastassiou G.et al. Assessment of genomic instability in breast cancer and uveal melanoma by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Int. J. Cancer. 99:2002;193-200.
76. Murphy K., Rosen J. Mutant p53 and genomic instability in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Oncogene. 19:2000;1045-1051.
77. Valgardsdottir R., Tryggvadottir L., Steinarsdottir M.et al. Genomic instability and poor prognosis associated with abnormal TP53 in breast carcinomas. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis. APMIS. 105:1997;121-130.
78. Sierra A., Castellsague X., Escobedo A.et al. Bcl-2 with loss of apoptosis allows accumulation of genetic alterations. a pathway to metastatic progression in human breast cancer Int. J. Cancer. 89:2000;142-147.
79. Griffith J., Bryant J., Fordyce C., Gilliland F., Joste N., Moyzis R. Reduced telomere DNA content is correlated with genomic instability and metastasis in invasive human breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 54:1999;59-64.
80. Lung J., Chu J., Yu J.et al. Aberrant expression of cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 in breast cancer is related to chromosomal genomic instability. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer. 34:2002;276-284.
81. Sekowski J., Malkas L., Schnaper L., Bechtel P., Long B., Hickey R. Human breast cancer cells contain an error-prone DNA replication apparatus. Cancer Res. 58:1998;3259-3263.
82. Bechtel P., Hickey R., Schnaper L.et al. A unique form of proliferating cell nuclear antigen is present in malignant breast cells. Cancer Res. 58:1998;3264-3269.
83. Sorlie T., Perou C., Tibshirani R.et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:2001;10869-10874.
84. van de Vijver M., Yudong D., Van't Veer L.et al. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:2002;1999-2009.
85. Ayers M., Symmans W., Stec J.et al. Gene expression profiling of fine needle aspirations of breast cancer identifies genes associated with complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant taxol/FAC chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 76:2002;S64. (abstr 220).