Cellular actions and signaling by endostatin

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 175-191

  Ramchandran, Ramani ^a,b   Karumanchi, S Ananth ^a   Hanai, Jun ichi ^a   Alper, Seth L ^a   Sukhatme, Vikas P ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Cancer; Extracellular matrix; Growth factors; Receptor

Indexed keywords

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANGIOSTATIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBIN; ARRESTEN; CANSTATIN; ENDOSTATIN; FUMAGILLOL CHLOROACETYLCARBAMATE; HEPARIN BINDING FRAGMENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; KRINGLE 5; PROLACTIN; RESTIN; TUMSTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASOSTATIN;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER; CANCER CELL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GROWTH; CELL ACTIVITY; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; HUMAN; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOXICITY; VASCULARIZATION;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; COLLAGEN; ENDOSTATINS; HUMANS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0037584218     PISSN: 10454403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.v12.i3.20     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Ackley BD, Crew JR, Elamaa H, Pihlajaniemi T, Kuo CJ, Kramer JM (2001): The NC1/endostatin domain of Caenorhabditis elegans type XVIII collagen affects cell migration and axon guidance. J Cell Biol 152:1219-1232.
2. Auerbach R, Akhtar N, Lewis RL, Shinners BL (2000): Angiogenesis assays: problems and pitfalls. Cancer Metastasis Rev 19:167-172.
3. Berger AC, Feldman AL, Gnant MF, Kruger EA, Sim BK, Hewitt S, Figg WD, Alexander HR, Libutti SK (2000): The angiogenesis inhibitor, endostatin, does not affect murine cutaneous wound healing. J Surg Res 91:26-31.
4. Bergers G, Javaherian K, Lo KM, Folkman J, Hanahan D (1999): Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on multistage carcinogenesis in mice. Science 284:808-812.
5. Bertolini F, Fusetti L, Mancuso P, Gobbi A, Corsini C, Ferrucci PF, Martinelli G, Pruneri G (2000): Endostatin, an antiangiogenic drug, induces tumor stabilization after chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy in a NOD/SCID mouse model of human high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 96:282-287.
6. Blezinger P, Wang J, Gondo M, Quezada A, Mehrens D, French M, Singhal A, Sullivan S, Rolland A, Ralston R, Min W (1999): Systemic inhibition of tumor growth and tumor metastases by intramuscular administration of the endostatin gene. Nat Biotechnol 17:343-348.
7. Bloch W, Huggel K, Sasaki T, Grose R, Bugnon P, Addicks K, Timpl R, Werner S (2000): The angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin impairs blood vessel maturation during wound healing. FASEB J 14:2373-2376.
8. Boehle AS, Kurdow R, Schulze M, Kliche U, Sipos B, Soondrum K, Ebrahimnejad A, Dohrmann P, Kalthoff H, Henne-Bruns D, Neumaier M (2001): Human endostatin inhibits growth of human non-small-cell lung cancer in a murine xenotransplant model. Int J Cancer 94:420-428.
9. Boehm T, Folkman J, Browder T, O'Reilly MS (1997): Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature 390:404-407.
10. Boehm T, O'Reilly M SMS, Keough K, Shiloach J, Shapiro R, Folkman J (1998): Zinc-binding of endostatin is essential for its antiangiogenic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 252:190-194.
11. Brem H, Folkman J (1975): Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis mediated by cartilage. J Exp Med 141:427-439.
12. Brooks PC, Silletti S, von Schalscha TL, Friedlander M, Cheresh DA (1998): Disruption of angiogenesis by PEX, a noncatalytic metalloproteinase fragment with integrin binding activity. Cell 92:391-400.
13. Browder T, Butterfield CE, Kraling BM, Shi B, Marshall B, O'Reilly MS, Folkman J (2000): Antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy improves efficacy against experimental drug-resistant cancer. Cancer Res 60:1878-1886.
14. Cao R, Wu HL, Veitonmaki N, Linden P, Farnebo J, Shi GY, Cao Y (1999): Suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth by the inhibitor K1-5 generated by plasmin-mediated proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:5728-5733.
15. Cao Y, Chen A, An SS, Ji RW, Davidson D, Llinas M (1997): Kringle 5 of plasminogen is a novel inhibitor of endothelial cell growth. J Biol Chem 272:22924-22928.
16. Chang Z, Choon A, Friedl A (1999): Endostatin binds to blood vessels in situ independent of heparan sulfate and does not compete for fibroblast growth factor-2 binding. Am J Pathol 155:71-76.
17. Chen C, Parangi S, Tolentino MJ, Folkman J (1995): A strategy to discover circulating angiogenesis inhibitors generated by human tumors. Cancer Res 55:4230-4233.
18. Chen QR, Kumar D, Stass SA, Mixson AJ (1999): Liposomes complexed to plasmids encoding angiostatin and endostatin inhibit breast cancer in nude mice. Cancer Res 59:3308-3312.
19. Clapp C, Martial JA, Guzman RC, Rentier-Delure F, Weiner RI (1993): The 16-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of human prolactin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Endocrinology 133:1292-1299.
20. Colorado PC, Torre A, Kamphaus G, Maeshima Y, Hopfer H, Takahashi K, Volk R, Zamborsky ED, Herman S, Sarkar PK, Ericksen MB, Dhanabal M, Simons M, Post M, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR, Sukhatme VP, Kalluri R (2000): Anti-angiogenic cues from vascular basement membrane collagen. Cancer Res 60:2520-2526.
21. Davidoff AM, Leary MA, Ng CY, Spurbeck WW, Frare P, Vanhove M, Nienhuis AW, Vanin EF (2001): Autocrine expression of both endostatin and green fluorescent protein provides a synergistic antitumor effect in a murine neuroblastoma model. Cancer Gene Ther 8:537-545.
22. Davy A, Gale NW, Murray EW, Klinghoffer RA, Soriano P, Feuerstein C, Robbins SM (1999): Compartmentalized signaling by GPI-anchored ephrin-A5 requires the Fyn tyrosine kinase to regulate cellular adhesion. Genes Dev 13:3125-3135.
23. Dhanabal M, Ramchandran R, Volk R, Stillman IE, Lombardo M, Iruela-Arispe ML, Simons M, Sukhatme VP (1999a): Endostatin: yeast production, mutants, and antitumor effect in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 59:189-197.
24. Dhanabal M, Ramchandran R, Waterman MJ, Lu H, Knebelmann B, Segal M, Sukhatme VP (1999b): Endostatin induces endothelial cell apoptosis. J Biol Chem 274:11721-11726.
25. Dhanabal M, Volk R, Ramchandran R, Simons M, Sukhatme VP (1999c): Cloning, expression, and in vitro activity of human endostatin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 258:345-352.
26. Ding I, Sun JZ, Fenton B, Liu WM, Kimsely P, Okunieff P, Min W (2001): Intratumoral administration of endostatin plasmid inhibits vascular growth and perfusion in MCa-4 murine mammary carcinomas. Cancer Res 61:526-531.
27. Ding YH, Javaherian K, Lo KM, Chopra R, Boehm T, Lanciotti J, Harris BA, Li Y, Shapiro R, Hohenester E, Timpl R, Folkman J, Wiley DC (1998): Zinc-dependent dimers observed in crystals of human endostatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:10443-10448.
28. Dirks WG, MacLeod RA, Drexler HG (1999): ECV304 (endothelial) is really T24 (bladder carcinoma): cell line cross-contamination at source. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 35:558-559.
29. Dixelius J, Cross M, Matsumoto T, Sasaki T, Timpl R, Claesson-Welsh L (2002): Endostatin regulates endothelial cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Cancer Res 62:1944-1947.
30. Dixelius J, Larsson H, Sasaki T, Holmqvist K, Lu L, Engstrom A, Timpl R, Welsh M, Claesson-Welsh L (2000): Endostatin-induced tyrosine kinase signaling through the Shb adaptor protein regulates endothelial cell apoptosis. Blood 95:3403i:-3411.
31. Eisterer W, Jiang X, Bachelot T, Pawliuk R, Abramovich C, Leboulch P, Hogge D, Eaves C (2002): Unfulfilled promise of endostatin in a gene therapy xenotransplant model of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Ther 5:352-359.
32. Felbor U, Dreier L, Bryant RA, Ploegh HL, Olsen BR, Mothes W (2000): Secreted cathepsin L generates endostatin from collagen XVIII. EMBO J 19:1187-1194.
33. Feldman AL, Alexander HR, Hewitt SM, Lorang D, Thiruvathukal CE, Turner EM, Libutti SK (2001a): Effect of retroviral endostatin gene transfer on subcutaneous and intraperitoneal growth of murine tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:1014-1020.
34. Feldman AL, Pak H, Yang JC, Alexander HR, Jr., Libutti SK (2001b): Serum endostatin levels are elevated in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 91:1525-1529.
35. Feldman AL, Restifo NP, Alexander HR, Bartlett DL, Hwu P, Seth P, Libutti SK (2000a): Antiangiogenic gene therapy of cancer utilizing a recombinant adenovirus to elevate systemic endostatin levels in mice. Cancer Res 60:1503-1506.
36. Feldman AL, Tamarkin L, Paciotti GF, Simpson BW, Linehan WM, Yang JC, Fogler WE, Turner EM, Alexander HR, Jr., Libutti SK (2000b): Serum endostatin levels are elevated and correlate with serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with stage IV clear cell renal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 6:4628-4634.
37. Ferreras M, Felbor U, Lenhard T, Olsen BR, Delaisse J (2000): Generation and degradation of human endostatin proteins by various proteinases. FEBS Lett 486:247-251.
38. Folberg R, Hendrix MJ, Maniotis AJ (2000): Vasculogenic mimicry and tumor angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 156: 361-381.
39. Folkman J (1971): Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285:1182-1186.
40. Folkman J (1995a): Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med 1:27-31.
41. Folkman J (1995b): Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 333:1757-1763.
42. Fukai N, Eklund L, Marneros AG, Oh SP, Keene DR, Tamarkin L, Niemela M, Ilves M, Li E, Pihlajaniemi T, Olsen BR (2002): Lack of collagen XVIII/endostatin results in eye abnormalities. EMBO J 21:1535-1544.
43. Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Noma H, Shimizu E, Yamashita T, Hori S (2001): Stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 45:577-584.
44. Good DJ, Polverini PJ, Rastinejad F, Le Beau MM, Lemons RS, Frazier WA, Bouck NP (1990): A tumor suppressor-dependent inhibitor of angiogenesis is immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from a fragment of thrombospondin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:6624-6628.
45. Hanahan D, Folkman J (1996): Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 86:353-364.
46. Hanai J, Dhanabal M, Karumanchi SA, Albanese C, Waterman M, Chan B, Ramchandran R, Pestell R, Sukhatme VP (2002a): Endostatin causes G1 arrest of endothelial cells through inhibition of cyclin D1. J Biol Chem 277:16464-16469.
47. Hanai J, Gloy J, Karumanchi SA, Kale S, Tang J, Hu G, Chan B, Ramchandran R, Jha V, Sukhatme VP, Sokol S (2002b): Endostatin is a potential inhibitor of Wnt signaling. J Cell Biol 158:529-539.
48. Hanna NN, Seetharam S, Mauceri HJ, Beckett MA, Jaskowiak NT, Salloum RM, Hari D, Dhanabal M, Ramchandran R, Kalluri R, Sukhatme VP, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RRB (2000): Antitumor interaction of short-course endostatin and ionizing radiation. Cancer J 6:287-293.
49. Harris RF (1999): Mediawatch. Gristle for the mill. Curr Biol 9:R232.
50. Hebbar M, Peyrat JP, Hornez L, Hatron PY, Hachulla E, Devulder B (2000): Increased concentrations of the circulating angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 43:889-893.
51. Hefler L, Tempfer C, Kainz C, Obermair A (1999): Serum concentrations of endostatin in patients with vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol 74:151-152.
52. Hendrix MJ, Seftor EA, Kirschmann DA, Seftor RE (2000): Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis. Molecular expression of vascular markers by aggressive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2:417-422.
53. Hendrix MJ, Seftor EA, Meltzer PS, Gardner LM, Hess AR, Kirschmann DA, Schatteman GC, Seftor RE (2001): Expression and functional significance of VE-cadherin in aggressive human melanoma cells: role in vasculogenic mimicry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:8018-8023.
54. Herbst RS, Lee AT, Tran HT, Abbruzzese JL (2001): Clinical studies of angiogenesis inhibitors: the University of Texas MD Anderson Center Trial of Human Endostatin. Curr Oncol Rep 3:131-140.
55. Hohenester E, Sasaki T, Mann K, Timpl R (2000): Variable zinc coordination in endostatin. J Mol Biol 297:1-6.
56. Hohenester E, Sasaki T, Olsen BR, Timpl R (1998): Crystal structure of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin at 1.5 A resolution. EMBO J 17:1656-1664.
57. Homandberg GA, Williams JE, Grant D, Schumacher B, Eisenstein R (1985): Heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin are potent inhibitors of endothelial cell growth. Am J Pathol 120:327-332.
58. Homer JJ, Greenman J, Stafford ND (2000): Angiogenic cytokines in serum and plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 25:570-576.
59. Huang X, Wong MK, Zhao Q, Zhu Z, Wang KZ, Huang N, Ye C, Gorelik E, Li M (2001): Soluble recombinant endostatin purified from Escherichia coli: antiangiogenic activity and antitumor effect. Cancer Res 61:478-481.
60. Ingber D, Fujita T, Kishimoto S, Sudo K, Kanamaru T, Brem H, Folkman J (1990): Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth. Nature 348:555-557.
61. Iughetti P, Suzuki O, Godoi PH, Ferreira Alves VA, Sertie AL, Zorick T, Soares F, Camargo A, Moreira ES, di Loreto C, Moreira-Filho CA, Simpson A, Oliva G, Passos-Bueno MR (2001): A polymorphism in endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, predisposes for the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 61:7375-7378.
62. Jain RK, Schlenger K, Hockel M, Yuan F (1997): Quantitative angiogenesis assays: progress and problems. Nat Med 3:1203-1208.
63. Jiang L, Jha V, Dhanabal M, Sukhatme VP, Alper SL (2001): Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in endothelial cells by the angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin and angiostatin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280:C1140-C1150.
64. John H, Preissner KT, Forssmann WG, Standker L (1999): Novel glycosylated forms of human plasma endostatin and circulating endostatin-related fragments of collagen XV. Biochemistry 38:10217-10224.
65. Joki T, Machluf M, Atala A, Zhu J, Seyfried NT, Dunn IF, Abe T, Carroll RS, Black PM (2001): Continuous release of endostatin from microencapsulated engineered cells for tumor therapy. Nat Biotechnol 19:35-39.
66. Kamphaus GD, Colorado PC, Panka DJ, Hopfer H, Ramchandran R, Torre A, Maeshima Y, Mier JW, Sukhatme VP, Kalluri R (2000): Canstatin, a novel matrix-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. J Biol Chem 275:1209-1215.
67. Karihaloo A, Karumanchi SA, Barasch J, Jha V, Nickel CH, Yang J, Grisaru S, Bush KT, Nigam S, Rosenblum ND, Sukhatme VP, Cantley LG (2001): Endostatin regulates branching morphogenesis of renal epithelial cells and ureteric bud. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 98:12509-12514.
68. Karumanchi SA, Jha V, Ramchandran R, Karihaloo A, Tsiokas L, Chan B, Dhanabal M, Hanai JI, Venkataraman G, Shriver Z, Keiser N, Kalluri R, Zeng H, Mukhopadhyay D, Chen RL (2001): Cell surface glypicans are low-affinity endostatin receptors. Mol Cell 7:811-822.
69. Kerbel RS (1997): A cancer therapy resistant to resistance. Nature 390:335-336.
70. Kerbel RS (2001): Clinical trials of antiangiogenic drugs: opportunities, problems, and assessment of initial results. J Clin Oncol 19:45S-51S.
71. Kim YM, Jang JW, Lee OH, Yeon J, Choi EY, Kim KW, Lee ST, Kwon YG (2000): Endostatin inhibits endothelial and tumor cellular invasion by blocking the activation and catalytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase. Cancer Res 60:5410-5413.
72. Kisker O, Becker CM, Prox D, Fannon M, D'Amato R, Flynn E, Fogler WE, Sim BK, Allred EN, Pirie-Shepherd SR, Folkman J (2001): Continuous administration of endostatin by intraperitoneally implanted osmotic pump improves the efficacy and potency of therapy in a mouse xenograft tumor model. Cancer Res 61:7669-7674.
73. Klement G, Baruchel S, Rak J, Man S, Clark K, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Kerbel RS (2000): Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity. J Clin Invest 105:R15-R24.
74. Knebelmann B, Dhanabal M, Ramchandran R, Waterman M, Lu H, Sukhatme VP (1999). Endostatin inhibits VEGF and bFGF induced MAPK activation in endothelial cells. In American Association of Cancer Research Annual Meeting, pp. 414.
75. Kruger EA, Duray PH, Tsokos MG, Venzon DJ, Libutti SK, Dixon SC, Rudek MA, Pluda J, Allegra C, Figg WD (2000a): Endostatin inhibits microvessel formation in the ex vivo rat aortic ring angiogenesis assay. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 268:183-191.
76. Kruger EA, Figg WD (2000b): TNP-470: an angiogenesis inhibitor in clinical development for cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 9:1383-1396.
77. Kuo CJ, Farnebo F, Yu EY, Christofferson R, Swearingen RA, Carter R, von Recum HA, Yuan J, Kamihara J, Flynn E, D'Amato R, Folkman J, Mulligan RC (2001a): Comparative evaluation of the antitumor activity of antiangiogenic proteins delivered by gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:4605-4610.
78. Kuo CJ, LaMontagne KR, Jr., Garcia-Cardena G, Ackley BD, Kalman D, Park S, Christofferson R, Kamihara J, Ding YH, Lo KM, Gillies S, Folkman J, Mulligan RC, Javaherian K (2001b): Oligomerization-dependent regulation of motility and morphogenesis by the collagen XVIII NC1/endostatin domain. J Cell Biol 152:1233-1246.
79. Kuroi K, Tanaka C, Toi M (2001a): Circulating levels of endostatin in cancer patients. Oncol Rep 8:405-409.
80. Kuroi K, Toi M (2001b): Circulating angiogenesis regulators in cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 16:5-26.
81. Ma L, Elliott SN, Cirino G, Buret A, Ignarro LJ, Wallace JL (2001): Platelets modulate gastric ulcer healing: role of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 98:6470-6475.
82. MacDonald NJ, Shivers WY, Narum DL, Plum SM, Wingard JN, Fuhrmann SR, Liang H, Holland-Linn J, Chen DH, Sim BK (2001): Endostatin binds tropomyosin. A potential modulator of the antitumor activity of endostatin. J Biol Chem 276:25190-196.
83. Maeshima Y, Colorado PC, Torre A, Holthaus KA, Grunkemeyer JA, Ericksen MB, Hopfer H, Xiao Y, Stillman IE, Kalluri R (2000): Distinct antitumor properties of a type IV collagen domain derived from basement membrane. J Biol Chem 275:21340-21348.
84. Maione TE, Gray GS, Petro J, Hunt AJ, Donner AL, Bauer SI, Carson HF, Sharpe RJ (1990): Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor-4 and related peptides. Science 247:77-79.
85. Maniotis AJ, Folberg R, Hess A, Seftor EA, Gardner LM, Pe'er J, Trent JM, Meltzer PS, Hendrix MJ (1999): Vascular channel formation by human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro: vasculogenic mimicry. Am J Pathol 155:739-752.
86. Marshall E (2002): Cancer therapy. Setbacks for endostatin. Science 295:2198-2199.
87. Mauceri HJ, Hanna NN, Beckett MA, Gorski DH, Staba MJ, Stellato KA, Bigelow K, Heimann R, Gately S, Dhanabal M, Soff GA, Sukhatme VP, Kufe DW, Weichselbaum RR (1998): Combined effects of angiostatin and ionizing radiation in antitumour therapy. Nature 394:287-291.
88. McDonald DM, Munn L, Jain RK (2000): Vasculogenic mimicry: how convincing, how novel, and how significant? Am J Pathol 156:383-388.
89. Mundhenke C, Thomas JP, Wilding G, Lee FT, Kelzc F, Chappell R, Neider R, Sebree LA, Friedl A (2001): Tissue examination to monitor antiangiogenic therapy: a phase I clinical trial with endostatin. Clin Cancer Res 7:3366-3374.
90. Musso O, Rehn M, Theret N, Turlin B, Bioulac-Sage P, Lotrian D, Campion JP, Pihlajaniemi T, Clement B (2001): Tumor progression is associated with a significant decrease in the expression of the endostatin precursor collagen XVIII in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Cancer Res 61:45-49.
91. Nguyen JT, Wu P, Clouse ME, Hlatky L, Terwilliger EF (1998): Adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of antiangiogenic factors as an antitumor strategy. Cancer Res 58:5673-5677.
92. O'Reilly MS (1997): Angiostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and of tumor growth. EXS 79:273-294.
93. O'Reilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, Flynn E, Birkhead JR, Olsen BR, Folkman J (1997): Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 88:277-285.
94. O'Reilly MS, Pirie-Shepherd S, Lane WS, Folkman J (1999): Antiangiogenic activity of the cleaved conformation of the serpin antithrombin. Science 285:1926-1928.
95. Pawliuk R, Bachelot T, Zurkiya O, Eriksson A, Cao Y, Leboulch P (2002): Continuous intravascular secretion of endostatin in mice from transduced hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther 5:345-351.
96. Perletti G, Concari P, Giardini R, Marras E, Piccinini F, Folkman J, Chen L (2000): Antitumor activity of endostatin against carcinogen-induced rat primary mammary tumors. Cancer Res 60:1793-1796.
97. Pike SE, Yao L,Jones KD, Cherney B, Appella E, Sakaguchi K, Nakhasi H, Teruya-Feldstein J, Wirth P, Gupta G, Tosato G (1998): Vasostatin, a calreticulin fragment, inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth. J Exp Med 188:2349-2356.
98. Ramchandran R, Dhanabal M, Volk R, Waterman MJ, Segal M, Lu H, Knebelmann B, Sukhatme VP (1999): Antiangiogenic activity of resin, NC10 domain of human collagen XV: comparison to endostatin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 255:735-739.
99. Ratel D, Nasser V, Dupre I, Benabid AL, Berger FB (2000): Antibodies to endostatin in a multifocal glioblastoma patient. Lancet 356:1656-1657.
100. Read TA, Farhadi M, Bjerkvig R, Olsen BR, Rokstad AM, Huszthy PC, Vajkoczy P (2001a): Intravital microscopy reveals novel antivascular and antitumor effects of endostatin delivered locally by alginate-encapsulated cells. Cancer Res 61:6830-6837.
101. Read TA, Sorensen DR, Mahesparan R, Enger PO, Timpl R, Olsen BR, Hjelstuen MH, Haraldseth O, Bjerkvig R (2001b): Local endostatin treatment of gliomas administered by microencapsulated producer cells. Nat Biotechnol 19:29-34.
102. Rehn M, Veikkola T, Kukk-Valdre E, Nakamura H, Ilmonen M, Lombardo C, Pihlajaniemi T, Alitalo K, Vuori K (2001): Interaction of endostatin with integrins implicated in angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:1024-1029.
103. Rowe PM (1999): What is all the hullabaloo about endostatin? Lancet 353:732.
104. Sasaki T, Fukai N, Mann K, Gohring W, Olsen BR, Timpl R (1998): Structure, function and tissue forms of the C-terminal globular domain of collagen XVIII containing the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin. EMBO J 17:4249-4256.
105. Sasaki T, Larsson H, Kreuger J, Salmivirta M, Claesson-Welsh L, Lindahl U, Hohenester E, Timpl R (1999): Structural basis and potential role of heparin/heparan sulfate binding to the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin. EMBO J 18:6240-6248.
106. Sasaki T, Larsson H, Tisi D, Claesson-Welsh L, Hohenester E, Timpl R (2000): Endostatins derived from collagens XV and XVIII differ in structural and binding properties, tissue distribution and anti-angiogenic activity. J Mol Biol 301:1179-1190.
107. Sauter BV, Martinet O, Zhang WJ, Mandeli J, Woo SL (2000): Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endostatin in vivo results in high level of transgene expression and inhibition of tumor growth and metastases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:4802-4807.
108. Scappaticci FA, Smith R, Pathak A, Schloss D, Lum B, Cao Y, Johnson F, Engleman EG, Nolan GP (2001): Combination angiostatin and endostatin gene transfer induces synergistic antiangiogenic activity in vitro and antitumor efficacy in leukemia and solid tumors in mice. Mol Ther 3:186-196.
109. Sertie AL, Sossi V, Camargo AA, Zatz M, Brahe C, Passos-Bueno MR (2000): Collagen XVIII, containing an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, plays a critical role in the maintenance of retinal structure and in neural tube closure (Knobloch syndrome). Hum Mol Genet 9:2051-2058.
110. Shaarawy M, El-Sharkawy SA (2001): Biomarkers of intrinsic angiogenic and anti-angiogenic activity in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Acta Oncol 40:513-518.
111. Shichinohe T, Bochner BH, Mizutani K, Nishida M, Hegerich-Gilliam S, Naldini L, Kasahara N (2001): Development of lentiviral vectors for antiangiogenic gene delivery. Cancer Gene Ther 8:879-889.
112. Shichiri M, Hirata Y (2001): Antiangiogenesis signals by endostatin. FASEB J 15:1044-1053.
113. Sidky YA, Borden EC (1987): Inhibition of angiogenesis by interferons: effects on tumor- and lymphocyte-induced vascular responses. Cancer Res 47:5155-5161.
114. Sim BKL, Fogler WE, Zhou X, Liang H, Madsen JW, Luu K, O'Reilly MS, Tomaszewski J, Fortier AH (1999): Zinc ligand-disrupted recombinant human endostatin: potent inhibition of tumor growth, safety and pharmacokinetic profile. Angiogenesis 3:41-51.
115. Sood AK, Seftor EA, Fletcher MS, Gardner LM, Heidger PM, Buller RE, Seftor RE, Hendrix MJ (2001): Molecular determinants of ovarian cancer plasticity. Am J Pathol 158:1279-1288.
116. Standker L, Schrader M, Kanse SM, Jurgens M, Forssmann WG, Preissner KT (1997): Isolation and characterization of the circulating form of human endostatin. FEBS Lett 420:129-133.
117. Suda K, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Gunthert M, Wunderli-Allenspach H (2001): Phenotypic characterization of human umbilical vein endothelial (ECV304) and urinary carcinoma (T24) cells: endothelial versus epithelial features. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 37:505-514.
118. Szary J, Szala S (2001): Intra-tumoral administration of naked plasmid DNA encoding mouse endostatin inhibits renal carcinoma growth. Int J Cancer 91: 835-839.
119. Taddei L, Chiarugi P, Brogelli L, Cirri P, Magnelli L, Raugei G, Ziche M, Granger HJ, Chiarugi V, Ramponi G (1999): Inhibitory effect of full-length human endostatin on in vitro angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263:340-345.
120. Taylor S, Folkman J (1982): Protamine is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Nature 297:307-312.
121. Tolsma SS, Volpert OV, Good DJ, Frazier WA, Polverini PJ, Bouck N (1993): Peptides derived from two separate domains of the matrix protein thrombospondin-1 have anti-angiogenic activity. J Cell Biol 122:497-511.
122. Wen W, Moses MA, Wiederschain D, Arbiser JL, Folkman J (1999): The generation of endostatin is mediated by elastase. Cancer Res 59:6052-6056.
123. Wickstrom SA, Veikkola T, Rehn M, Pihlajaniemi T, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J (2001): Endostatin-induced modulation of plasminogen activation with concomitant loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in cultured human endothelial cells. Cancer Res 61:6511-6516.
124. Xu R, Yao ZY, Xin L, Zhang Q, Li TP, Gan RB (2001): NC1 Domain of human type VIII collagen (alpha 1) inhibits bovine aortic endothelial cell proliferation and causes cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289:264-268.
125. Yamagata M, Shiratori Y, Dan Y, Shiina S, Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Omata M (2000): Serum endostatin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 11:761-762.
126. Yamaguchi N, Anand-Apte B, Lee M, Sasaki T, Fukai N, Shapiro R, Que I, Lowik C, Timpl R, Olsen BR (1999): Endostatin inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and tumor growth independently of zinc binding. EMBO J 18:4414-4423.
127. Yamanaka R, Zullo SA, Ramsey J, Onodera M, Tanaka R, Blaese M, Xanthopoulos KG (2001): Induction of therapeutic antitumor antiangiogenesis by intratumoral injection of genetically engineered endostatin-producing Semliki Forest virus. Cancer Gene Ther 8: 796-802.
128. Yokoyama Y, Dhanabal M, Griffioen AW, Sukhatme VP, Ramakrishnan S (2000a): Synergy between angiostatin and endostatin: inhibition of ovarian cancer growth. Cancer Res 60:2190-2196.
129. Yokoyama Y, Green JE, Sukhatme VP, Ramakrishnan S (2000b): Effect of endostatin on spontaneous tumorigenesis of mammary adenocarcinoma in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res 60:4362-4365.
130. Yoon SS, Eto H, Lin CM, Nakamura H, Pawlik TM, Song SU, Tanabe KK (1999): Mouse endostatin inhibits the formation of lung and liver metastases. Cancer Res 59:6251-6256.
131. You WK, So SH, Lee H, Park SY, Yoon MR, Chang SI, Kim HK, Joe YA, Hong YK, Chung SI (1999): Purification and characterization of recombinant murine endostatin in E. coli. Exp Mol Med 31:197-202.