Structural biology of hepatitis C virus

Clinics in Liver Disease

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 1-21

  Penin, François ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE PROTEIN; SINGLE STRANDED DNA; STIMULATORY GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; VIRUS PROTEIN;

HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HOST CELL; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN PROCESSING; REVIEW; RNA REPLICATION; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; VIRION; VIRUS ASSEMBLY; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS MORPHOLOGY; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; GENOME, VIRAL; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; VARIATION (GENETICS); VIRAL PROTEINS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0037300877     PISSN: 10893261     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1089-3261(02)00066-1     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Anonymous. Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C. Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, Antwerp, Belgium. J Viral Hepat 1999;6:35-47.
2. Lauer GM, Walker BD. Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2001;345:41-52.
3. Reed KE, Rice CM. Overview of hepatitis C virus genome structure, polyprotein processing, and protein properties. Curt Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:55-84.
4. Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V. Novel cell culture systems for the hepatitis C virus. Antiviral Res 2001;52:1-17.
5. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-62.
6. Robertson B, Myers G, Howard C, et al. Classification, nomenclature, and database development for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and related viruses: proposals for standardization. International Committee on Virus Taxonomy. Arch Virol 1998;143:2493-503.
7. Beales LP, Rowlands DJ, Holzenburg A. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus visualized by electron microscopy. RNA 2001;7:661-70.
8. Spahn CM, Kieft JS, Grassucci RA, et al. Hepatitis C virus IRES RNA-induced changes in the conformation of the 40s ribosomal subunit. Science 2001;291:1959-62.
9. Shi ST, Lai MM. Hepatitis C viral RNA: challenges and promises. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001; 58:1276-95.
10. Pieroni L, Santolini E, Fipaldini C, et al. In vitro study of the NS2-3 protease of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 1997;71:6373-80.
11. De Francesco R, Steinkuhler C. Structure and function of the hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A serine proteinase. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:149-69.
12. Lavergne JP, Boulant S, Penin F. Evidence for an alternative hepatitis C virus core protein resulting from two translational frameshiftings (+ 1 and - 1). In: Programs and abstracts of the 9th International Meeting on HCV and related viruses. San Diego; July 7 - 11, 2002. p. 42.
13. Varaklioti A, Vassilaki N, Georgopoulou U, et al. Alternate translation occurs within the core coding region of the hepatitis C viral genome. J Biol Chem 2002;277:17713-21.
14. Walewski JL, Keller TR, Stump DD, et al. Evidence for a new hepatitis C virus antigen encoded in an overlapping reading frame. RNA 2001;7:710-21.
15. Xu Z, Choi J, Yen TS, et al. Synthesis of a novel hepatitis C virus protein by ribosomal frameshift. EMBO J 2001;20:3840-8.
16. Neumann AU, Lam NP, Dahari H, et al. Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science 1998;282:103-7.
17. Simmonds P. Viral heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 1999;31:54-60.
18. Tokita H, Okamoto H, Iizuka H, et al. The entire nucleotide sequences of three hepatitis C virus isolates in genetic groups 7-9 and comparison with those in the other eight genetic groups. J Gen Virol 1998;79:1847-57.
19. Simmonds P, Alberti A, Alter HJ, et al. A proposed system for the nomenclature of hepatitis C viral genotypes. Hepatology 1994;19:1321-4.
20. Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Ohkoshi S, et al. Characterization of hypervariable regions in the putative envelope protein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;189:119-27.
21. Martell M, Esteban JI, Quer J, et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as a population of different but closely related genomes: quasispecies nature of HCV genome distribution. J Virol 1992;66:3225-9.
22. Weiner AJ, Christopherson C, Hall JE, et al. Sequence variation in hepatitis C viral isolates. J Hepatol 1991;13(Suppl 4):S6-S14.
23. Pawlotsky J-M. Hepatitis C virus resistance to antiviral therapy. Hepatology 2000;32:889-96.
24. Flint M, Quinn ER, Levy S. In search of hepatitis C virus receptor(s). Clin Liver Dis 2001;5:873-93.
25. Egger D, Wolk B, Gosert R, et al. Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins induces distinct membrane alterations including a candidate viral replication complex. J Virol 2002;76:5974-84.
26. Cocquerel L, Wychowski C, Minner F, et al. Charged residues in the transmembrane domains of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins play a major role in the processing, subcellular localization, and assembly of these envelope proteins. J Virol 2000;74:3623-33.
27. Kuhn RJ, Zhang W, Rossmann MG, et al. Structure of dengue virus: implications for flavivirus organization, maturation, and fusion. Cell 2002;108:717-25.
28. Ferlenghi I, Clarke M, Ruttan T, et al. Molecular organization of a recombinant subviral particle from tick-borne encephalitis virus. Mol Cell 2001;7:593-602.
29. Takahashi K, Kishimoto S, Yoshizawa H, et al. p26 protein and 33-nm particle associated with nucleocapsid of hepatitis C virus recovered from the circulation of infected hosts. Virology 1992;191:431-4.
30. Kaito M, Watanabe S, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, et al. Hepatitis C virus particle detected by immunoelectron microscopic study. J Gen Virol 1994;75:1755-60.
31. Shimizu YK, Feinstone SM, Kohara M, et al. Hepatitis C virus: detection of intracellular virus particles by electron microscopy. Hepatology 1996;23:205-9.
32. Thomssen R, Bonk S, Thiele A. Density heterogeneities of hepatitis C virus in human sera due to the binding of beta-lipoproteins and immunoglobulins. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1993; 182:329-34.
33. Andre P, Komurian-Pradel F, Deforges S, et al. Characterization of low- and very-low-density hepatitis C virus RNA- containing particles. J Virol 2002;76:6919-28.
34. Ishida S, Kaito M, Kohara M, et al. Hepatitis C virus core particle detected by immunoelectron microscopy and optical rotation technique. Hepatol Res 2001;20:335-47.
35. Maillard P, Krawczynski K, Nitkiewicz J, et al. Nonenveloped nucleocapsids of hepatitis C virus in the serum of infected patients. J Virol 2001;75:8240-50.
36. McLauchlan J, Lemberg MK, Hope G, et al. Intramembrane proteolysis promotes trafficking of hepatitis C virus core protein to lipid droplets. EMBO J 2002;21:3980-8.
37. Santolini E, Migliaccio G, La Monica N. Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol 1994;68:3631-41.
38. Moradpour D, Englert C, Wakita T, et al. Characterization of cell lines allowing tightly regulated expression of hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology 1996;222:51-63.
39. Hussy P, Langen H, Mous J, et al. Hepatitis C virus core protein: carboxy-terminal boundaries of two processed species suggest cleavage by a signal peptide peptidase. Virology 1996; 224:93-104.
40. Barba G, Harper F, Harada T, et al. Hepatitis C virus core protein shows a cytoplasmic localization and associates to cellular lipid storage droplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:1200-5.
41. Hope RG, McLauchlan J. Sequence motifs required for lipid droplet association and protein stability are unique to the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Gen Virol 2000;81(Pt 8):1913-25.
42. Yasui K, Wakita T, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, et al. The native form and maturation process of hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol 1998;72:6048-55.
43. Shimoike T, Mimori S, Tani H, et al. Interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with viral sense RNA and suppression of its translation. J Virol 1999;73:9718-25.
44. Fan Z, Yang QR, Twu JS, et al. Specific in vitro association between the hepatitis C viral genome and core protein. J Med Virol 1999;59:131-4.
45. Jolivet M, Penin F, Dalbon P, et al. Antigenic structural peptide, antigenic and immunogenic compounds and uses for detecting, preventing and treating an HCV infection. Patent application1997;EP 1015481, WO 98/39360.
46. Nolandt O, Kern V, Muller H, et al. Analysis of hepatitis C virus core protein interaction domains. J Gen Virol 1997;78:1331-40.
47. Yan BS, Tam MH, Syu WJ. Self-association of the C-terminal domain of the hepatitis-C virus core protein. Eur J Biochem 1998;258:100-6.
48. Hope RG, Murphy DJ, McLauchlan J. The domains required to direct core proteins of hepatitis C virus and GB virus-B to lipid droplets share common features with plant oleosin proteins. J Biol Chem 2002;277:4261-70.
49. Kunkel M, Lorinczi M, Rijnbrand R, et al. Self-assembly of nucleocapsid-like particles from recombinant hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol 2001;75:2119-29.
50. Sabile A, Perlemuter G, Bono F, et al. Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to apolipoprotein All and its secretion is modulated by fibrates. Hepatology 1999;30:1064-76.
51. McLauchlan J. Properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein: a structural protein that modulates cellular processes. J Viral Hepat 2000;7:2-14.
52. Lai MM, Ware CF. Hepatitis C virus core protein: possible roles in viral pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:117-34.
53. Kato N. Molecular virology of hepatitis C virus. Acta Med Okayama 2001;55:133-59.
54. Tellinghuisen T, Rice C. Interaction between hepatitis C virus proteins and host cell factors. Curr Opin Microbiol 2002;5:419-27.
55. Moriya K, Fujie H, Shintani Y, et al. The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. Nat Med 1998;4:1065-7.
56. Kittlesen DJ, Chianese-Bullock KA, Yao ZQ, et al. Interaction between complement receptor gClqR and hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation. J Clin Invest 2000;106:1239-49.
57. Cocquerel L, Op de Beeck A, Lambot M, et al. Topological changes in the transmembrane domains of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins. EMBO J 2002;21:2893-902.
58. Op De Beeck A, Cocquerel L, Dubuisson J. Biogenesis of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins. J Gen Virol 2001;82:2589-95.
59. Op De Beeck A, Montserret R, Duvet S, et al. The transmembrane domains of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 play a major role in heterodimerization. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31428-37.
60. Dubuisson J. Folding, assembly and subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:135-48.
61. Merola M, Brazzoli M, Cocchiarella F, et al. Folding of hepatitis c virus E1 glycoprotein in a cell-free system. J Virol 2001;75:11205-17.
62. Rey FA, Heinz FX, Mandl C, et al. The envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne encephalitis virus at 2 A resolution. Nature 1995;375:291-8.
63. Yagnik AT, Lahm A, Meola A, et al. A model for the hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2. Proteins 2000;40:355-66.
64. Penin F, Combet C, Germanidis G, et al. Conservation of the conformation and positive charges of hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein hypervariable region 1 points to a role in cell attachment. J Virol 2001;75:5703-10.
65. Farci P, Shimoda A, Wong D, et al. Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees by hyperimmune serum against the hypervariable region 1 of the envelope 2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:15394-9.
66. Shimizu YK, Igarashi H, Kiyohara T, et al. A hyperimmune serum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus can prevent viral infection in cell cultures. Virology 1996;223:409-12.
67. Zhou YH, Shimizu YK, Esumi M. Monoclonal antibodies to the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus capture virus and inhibit virus adsorption to susceptible cells in vitro. Virology 2000;269:276-83.
68. Forns X, Thimme R, Govindarajan S, et al. Hepatitis C virus lacking the hypervariable region 1 of the second envelope protein is infectious and causes acute resolving or persistent infection in chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:13318-23.
69. Pavio N, Taylor DR, Lai MM. Detection of a novel unglycosylated form of hepatitis C virus E2 envelope protein that is located in the cytosol and interacts with PKR. J Virol 2002;76:1265-72.
70. Carrere-Kremer S, Montpellier-Pala C, Cocquerel L, et al. Subcellular localization and topology of the p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 2002;76:3720-30.
71. Griffin SDC, Beales LP, Clarkes DS, et al. Hexamerisation of the hepatitis C virus protein: possible function as a virus-encoded cation channel. In: Programs and abstracts of the 9th International Meeting on HCV and Related Viruse. San Diego, July 7-11, 2002. p. 43. [abstract 0-32].
72. Carrasco L. Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses. Adv Virus Res 1995;45:61-112.
73. Harada T, Tautz N, Thiel HJ. E2-p7 region of the bovine viral diarrhea virus polyprotein: processing and functional studies. J Virol 2000;74:9498-506.
74. Blight KJ, Kolykhalov AA, Rice CM. Efficient initiation of HCV RNA replication in cell culture. Science 2000;290:1972-4.
75. Yamaga AK, Ou JH. Membrane topology of the hepatitis C virus NS2 protein. J Biol Chem 2002;277:33228-34.
76. Kwong AD, Kim JL, Lin C. Structure and function of hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:171-96.
77. Ishido S, Fujita T, Hotta H. Complex formation of NS5B with NS3 and NS4A proteins of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;244:35-40.
78. Lin C, Wu JW, Hsiao K, et al. The hepatitis C virus NS4A protein: interactions with the NS4B and NS5A proteins. J Virol 1997;71:6465-71.
79. Wolk B, Sansonno D, Krausslich HG, et al. Subcellular localization, stability, and trans-cleavage competence of the hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A complex expressed in tetracycline- regulated cell lines. J Virol 2000;74:2293-304.
80. Korth MJ, Katze MG. Evading the interferon response: hepatitis C virus and the interferon-induced protein kinase. PKR. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:197-224.
81. Hugle T, Fehrmann F, Bieck E, et al. The hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B is an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Virology 2001;284:70-81.
82. Qu L, McMullan LK, Rice CM. Isolation and characterization of noncytopathic pestivirus mutants reveals a role for nonstructural protein NS4B in viral cytopathogenicity. J Virol 2001; 75:10651-62.
83. Lohmann V, Korner F, Dobierzewska A, et al. Mutations in hepatitis C virus RNAs conferring cell culture adaptation. J Virol 2001;75:1437-49.
84. Tanji Y, Kaneko T, Satoh S, et al. Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus-encoded nonstructural protein NS5A. J Virol 1995;69:3980-6.
85. Reed KE, Xu J, Rice CM. Phosphorylation of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in vitro and in vivo: properties of the NS5A-associated kinase. J Virol 1997;71:7187-97.
86. Brass V, Bieck E, Montserret R, et al. An amino-terminal amphipathic alpha-helix mediates membrane association of the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8130-9.
87. Shi ST, Polyak SJ, Tu H, et al. Hepatitis C virus NS5A colocalizes with the core protein on lipid droplets and interacts with apolipoproteins. Virology 2002;292:198-210.
88. Tan SL, Katze MG. How hepatitis C virus counteracts the interferon response: the jury is still out on NS5A. Virology 2001;284:1-12.
89. Polyak SJ, Khabar KS, Paschal DM, et al. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein induces interleukin-8, leading to partial inhibition of the interferon-induced antiviral response. J Virol 2001;75:6095-106.
90. Tanimoto A, Ide Y, Arima N, et al. The amino terminal deletion mutants of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS5A function as transcriptional activators in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;236:360-4.
91. Ide Y, Tanimoto A, Sasaguri Y, et al. Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein is phosphorylated in vitro by a stably bound protein kinase from HeLa cells and by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A-alpha catalytic subunit. Gene 1997;201:151-8.
92. Hagedom CH, van Beers EH, De Staercke C. Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B polymerase). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:225-60.
93. Bressanelli S, Tomei L, Roussel A, et al. Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:13034-9.
94. Lesburg CA, Cable MB, Ferrari E, et al. Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from hepatitis C virus reveals a fully encircled active site. Nat Struct Biol 1999;6:937-43.
95. Ago H, Adachi T, Yoshida A, et al. Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus. Struct Fold Des 1999;7:1417-26.
96. Bressanelli S, Tomei L, Rey FA, et al. Structural analysis of the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase in complex with ribonucleotides. J Virol 2002;76:3482-92.
97. Lesburg CA, Radfar R, Weber PC. Recent advances in the analysis of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2000;1:289-96.
98. Schmidt-Mende J, Bieck E, Hugle T, et al. Determinants for membrane association of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biol Chem 2001;276:44052-63.
99. Uchida M, Hino N, Yamanaka T, et al. Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to a C-terminal region of NS5B RNA polymerase. Hepatol Res 2002;22:297-306.
100. Tu H, Gao L, Shi ST, et al. Hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase and NS5A complex with a SNARE-like protein. Virology 1999;263:30-41.
101. Lohmann V, Komer F, Koch J, et al. Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line. Science 1999;285:110-3.
102. Walker MA. Hepatitis C virus: an overview of current approaches and progress. Drug Discov Today 1999;4:518-29.
103. Rijnbrand RC, Lemon SM. Internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation in hepatitis C virus replication. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2000;242:85-116.