메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 767-780

Developmental dyslexia: Genetic dissection of a complex cognitive trait

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; FOXP2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

EID: 0036779497     PISSN: 1471003X     EISSN: 14710048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrn936     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (321)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 0000252453 scopus 로고
    • Word blindness and visual memories
    • Hinshelwood, J. Word blindness and visual memories. Lancet 2, 1566-1570 (1895).
    • (1895) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1566-1570
    • Hinshelwood, J.1
  • 2
    • 84965219001 scopus 로고
    • A case of congenital word blindness
    • Morgan, W. P. A case of congenital word blindness. Br. Med. J. 2, 1378 (1896).
    • (1896) Br. Med. J. , vol.2 , pp. 1378
    • Morgan, W.P.1
  • 3
    • 84944657670 scopus 로고
    • Word-blindness in school children
    • Orton, S. T. Word-blindness in school children. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 14, 582-615 (1925).
    • (1925) Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. , vol.14 , pp. 582-615
    • Orton, S.T.1
  • 4
    • 0035237097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From language to reading and dyslexia
    • Snowling, M. J. From language to reading and dyslexia. Dyslexia 7, 37-46 (2001).
    • (2001) Dyslexia , vol.7 , pp. 37-46
    • Snowling, M.J.1
  • 5
    • 6944238663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naming-speed processes and developmental reading disabilities: An introduction to the special issue on the double-deficit hypothesis
    • Wolf, M. & Bowers, P G. Naming-speed processes and developmental reading disabilities: an introduction to the special issue on the double-deficit hypothesis. J. Learn. Disabil. 33, 322-324 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Learn. Disabil. , vol.33 , pp. 322-324
    • Wolf, M.1    Bowers, P.G.2
  • 6
    • 0029959426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging
    • Eden, G. F. et al. Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging. Nature 382, 66-69 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 66-69
    • Eden, G.F.1
  • 7
    • 0034610301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the neural response to rapid acoustic stimuli in dyslexia: Evidence from functional MRI
    • Temple, E. et al. Disruption of the neural response to rapid acoustic stimuli in dyslexia: evidence from functional MRI. Proc. NatlAcad. Sci. USA 97, 13907-13912 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natlacad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 13907-13912
    • Temple, E.1
  • 8
    • 0035451633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental dyslexia: The cerebellar deficit hypothesis
    • Nicolson, R. I., Fawcett, A. J. & Dean, P. Developmental dyslexia: the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Trends Neurosci. 24, 508-511 (2001).
    • (2001) Trends Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 508-511
    • Nicolson, R.I.1    Fawcett, A.J.2    Dean, P.3
  • 9
    • 0031048442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia
    • Stein, J. & Walsh, V. To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends Neurosci. 20, 147-152 (1997).
    • (1997) Trends Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 147-152
    • Stein, J.1    Walsh, V.2
  • 10
    • 0035577514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired processing of rapid stimulus sequences in dyslexia
    • Hari, R. & Renvall, H. Impaired processing of rapid stimulus sequences in dyslexia. Trends Coqn. Sci. 5, 525-532 (2001).
    • (2001) Trends Coqn. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 525-532
    • Hari, R.1    Renvall, H.2
  • 11
    • 0033634772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia. An overview and working hypothesis
    • Habib, M. The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia. An overview and working hypothesis. Brain 123, 2373-2399 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 2373-2399
    • Habib, M.1
  • 12
    • 0001667268 scopus 로고
    • Congenital 'word-blindness' and its treatment
    • Thomas, C. J. Congenital 'word-blindness' and its treatment. Ophthalmoscope 3, 380-385 (1905).
    • (1905) Ophthalmoscope , vol.3 , pp. 380-385
    • Thomas, C.J.1
  • 13
    • 0001328240 scopus 로고
    • Six cases of congenital word-blindness affecting three generations of one family
    • Stephenson, S. Six cases of congenital word-blindness affecting three generations of one family. Ophthalmoscope 5, 482-484 (1907).
    • (1907) Ophthalmoscope , vol.5 , pp. 482-484
    • Stephenson, S.1
  • 14
    • 76549233000 scopus 로고
    • Specific dyslexia ('congenital word blindness'): A clinical and genetic study
    • Hallgren, B. Specific dyslexia ('congenital word blindness'): a clinical and genetic study. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. 65 (Suppl.), 1-287 (1950).
    • (1950) Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. , vol.65 , pp. 1-287
    • Hallgren, B.1
  • 17
    • 0022107042 scopus 로고
    • Family history as an indicator of risk for reading disability
    • Vogler, G. P., DeFries, J. C. & Decker, S. N. Family history as an indicator of risk for reading disability. J. Learn. Disabil. 18, 419-421 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Learn. Disabil. , vol.18 , pp. 419-421
    • Vogler, G.P.1    Defries, J.C.2    Decker, S.N.3
  • 18
    • 0025992157 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for major gene transmission of developmental dyslexia
    • Pennington, B. F. et al. Evidence for major gene transmission of developmental dyslexia. JAMA 266, 1527-1534 (1991).
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 1527-1534
    • Pennington, B.F.1
  • 19
    • 0028263788 scopus 로고
    • Family patterns of developmental dyslexia: Clinical findings
    • Wolff, P. H. & Melngailis, I. Family patterns of developmental dyslexia: clinical findings. Am. J. Med. Genet. 54, 122-131 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.54 , pp. 122-131
    • Wolff, P.H.1    Melngailis, I.2
  • 20
    • 0015606171 scopus 로고
    • Reading disability in twins
    • Bakwin, H. Reading disability in twins. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 15, 184-187 (1973).
    • (1973) Dev. Med. Child Neurol. , vol.15 , pp. 184-187
    • Bakwin, H.1
  • 21
    • 0023299180 scopus 로고
    • A twin study of genetic influences on reading and spelling ability and disability
    • Stevenson, J., Graham, P., Fredman, G. & McLoughlin, V. A twin study of genetic influences on reading and spelling ability and disability. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 28, 229-247 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 229-247
    • Stevenson, J.1    Graham, P.2    Fredman, G.3    McLoughlin, V.4
  • 22
    • 0023179955 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins
    • DeFries, J. C., Fulker, D. W. & LaBuda, M. C. Evidence for a genetic aetiology in reading disability of twins. Nature 329, 537-539 (1987).
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 537-539
    • Defries, J.C.1    Fulker, D.W.2    Labuda, M.C.3
  • 24
    • 0035345557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early reading development in children at family risk for dyslexia
    • Pennington, B. F. & Lefly, D. L. Early reading development in children at family risk for dyslexia. Child Dev. 72, 816-833 (2001).
    • (2001) Child Dev , vol.72 , pp. 816-833
    • Pennington, B.F.1    Lefly, D.L.2
  • 25
    • 0022396848 scopus 로고
    • Multiple regression analysis of twin data
    • DeFries, J. C. & Fulker, D. W. Multiple regression analysis of twin data. Behav. Genet. 15, 467-473 (1985).
    • (1985) Behav. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 467-473
    • Defries, J.C.1    Fulker, D.W.2
  • 26
    • 0004055634 scopus 로고
    • Plomin, R. & McClearn, G., American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
    • DeFries, J. C. & Gillis, J. J. in Nature, Nurture, and Psychology (eds Plomin, R. & McClearn, G.) 121-145 (American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC, 1993).
    • (1993) Nature, Nurture, and Psychology , pp. 121-145
    • Defries, J.C.1    Gillis, J.J.2
  • 27
    • 0035571529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental influences on orthographic and phonological skills in children with reading disabilities
    • Gayán, J. & Olson, R. K. Genetic and environmental influences on orthographic and phonological skills in children with reading disabilities. Dev. Neuropsychoi. 20, 483-507 (2001).
    • (2001) Dev. Neuropsychoi. , vol.20 , pp. 483-507
    • Gayán, J.1    Olson, R.K.2
  • 28
    • 0032930791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different origin of auditory and phonological processing problems in children with language impairment: Evidence from a twin study
    • Bishop, D. V. M. et al. Different origin of auditory and phonological processing problems in children with language impairment: evidence from a twin study. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 42, 155-168 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 155-168
    • Bishop, D.V.M.1
  • 29
    • 0026653516 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a genetic etiology in hyperactivity in children
    • Stevenson, J. Evidence for a genetic etiology in hyperactivity in children. Behav. Genet. 22, 337-344 (1992).
    • (1992) Behav. Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 337-344
    • Stevenson, J.1
  • 31
    • 0004307409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., Craig, I. W. & McGuffin, P., American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
    • Fisher, S. E. in Behavioral Genetics in the Postgenomic Era (eds Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., Craig, I. W. & McGuffin, P.) 205-226 (American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC, 2002).
    • (2002) Behavioral Genetics in the Postgenomic Era , pp. 205-226
    • Fisher, S.E.1
  • 32
    • 0020622130 scopus 로고
    • Specific reading disability: Identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis
    • Smith, S. D., Kimberling, W. J., Pennington, B. F. & Lubs, H. A. Specific reading disability: identification of an inherited form through linkage analysis. Science 219, 1345 (1983).
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 1345
    • Smith, S.D.1    Kimberling, W.J.2    Pennington, B.F.3    Lubs, H.A.4
  • 33
    • 0028030006 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6
    • Cardon, L. R. et al. Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6. Science 266, 276-279 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 276-279
    • Cardon, L.R.1
  • 34
    • 0029003528 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait locus for reading disability: Correction
    • Cardon, L. R. et al. Quantitative trait locus for reading disability: correction. Science 268, 1553 (1995).
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1553
    • Cardon, L.R.1
  • 35
    • 0031027824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15
    • Grigorenko, E. L. et ai. Susceptibility loci for distinct components of developmental dyslexia on chromosomes 6 and 15. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60, 27-39 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.60 , pp. 27-39
    • Grigorenko, E.1
  • 36
    • 0032231869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of linkage of phonological coding dyslexia to chromosome 6p23-p21.3 in a large family data set
    • Field, L. L. & Kaplan, B. J. Absence of linkage of phonological coding dyslexia to chromosome 6p23-p21.3 in a large family data set. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 1448-1456 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Field, L.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2
  • 38
    • 0023254230 scopus 로고
    • Dyslexia and chromosome 15 heteromorphism: Negative lod score in a Danish sample
    • Bisgaard, M. L., Eiberg, H., Moller, N., Niebuhr, E. & Mohr, J. Dyslexia and chromosome 15 heteromorphism: negative lod score in a Danish sample. Ciin. Genet. 32, 118-119 (1987).
    • (1987) Ciin. Genet. , vol.32 , pp. 118-119
    • Bisgaard, M.L.1    Eiberg, H.2    Moller, N.3    Niebuhr, E.4    Mohr, J.5
  • 39
    • 0027256723 scopus 로고
    • Cosegregation of balanced translocation (1;2) with retarded speech development and dyslexia
    • Froster, U., Schulte-Korne, G., Hebebrand, J. & Remschmidt, H. Cosegregation of balanced translocation (1;2) with retarded speech development and dyslexia. Lancet 342, 178-179 (1993).
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 178-179
    • Froster, U.1    Schulte-Korne, G.2    Hebebrand, J.3    Remschmidt, H.4
  • 40
    • 0032231443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for linkage of spelling disability to chromosome 15
    • Schulte-Korne, G. et al. Evidence for linkage of spelling disability to chromosome 15. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 279-282 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 279-282
    • Schulte-Korne, G.1
  • 41
    • 0032877882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new gene (DYX3) for dyslexia is located on chromosome 2
    • Fagerheim, T. et al. A new gene (DYX3) for dyslexia is located on chromosome 2. J. Med. Genet. 36, 664-669 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Med. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 664-669
    • Fagerheim, T.1
  • 42
    • 0034785618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dominant gene for developmental dyslexia on chromosome 3
    • Nopola-Hemmi, J. et al. A dominant gene for developmental dyslexia on chromosome 3. J. Med. Genet. 38, 658-664 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Med. Genet. , vol.38 , pp. 658-664
    • Nopola-Hemmi, J.1
  • 43
    • 0027598525 scopus 로고
    • Varieties of developmental dyslexia
    • Castles, A. & Coltheart, M. Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition 47, 149-180 (1993).
    • (1993) Cognition , vol.47 , pp. 149-180
    • Castles, A.1    Coltheart, M.2
  • 44
    • 0033069644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varieties of developmental reading disorder: Genetic and environmental influences
    • Castles, A., Datta, H., Gayan, J. & Olson, R. K. Varieties of developmental reading disorder: genetic and environmental influences. J. Exp. Chiid Psychoi. 72, 73-94 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Chiid Psychoi. , vol.72 , pp. 73-94
    • Castles, A.1    Datta, H.2    Gayan, J.3    Olson, R.K.4
  • 45
    • 0028090414 scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of complex traits
    • Lander, E. S. & Schork, N. J. Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 265, 2037-2048 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 2037-2048
    • Lander, E.S.1    Schork, N.J.2
  • 46
    • 0015309467 scopus 로고
    • The investigation of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus
    • Haseman, J. K. & Elston, R. C. The investigation of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus. Behav. Genet. 2, 3-19 (1972).
    • (1972) Behav. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 3-19
    • Haseman, J.K.1    Elston, R.C.2
  • 47
    • 0028071382 scopus 로고
    • The power of interval mapping of quantitative trait loci, using selected sib pairs
    • Cardon, L. R. & Fulker, D. W. The power of interval mapping of quantitative trait loci, using selected sib pairs. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 825-833 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.55 , pp. 825-833
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Fulker, D.W.2
  • 48
    • 0028058128 scopus 로고
    • Robust variance-components approach for assessing genetic linkage in pedigrees
    • Amos, C. I. Robust variance-components approach for assessing genetic linkage in pedigrees. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 54, 535-543 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.54 , pp. 535-543
    • Amos, C.I.1
  • 49
    • 0033358545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the robustness of the likelihood- ratio test in a variance-component quantitative-trait loci- mapping procedure
    • Allison, D. B. et al. Testing the robustness of the likelihood- ratio test in a variance-component quantitative-trait loci- mapping procedure. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65, 531-544 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 531-544
    • Allison, D.B.1
  • 50
    • 18544365699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent genome-wide scans identify a chromosome 18 quantitative-trait locus influencing dyslexia
    • Fisher, S. E. et al. Independent genome-wide scans identify a chromosome 18 quantitative-trait locus influencing dyslexia. Nature Genet. 30, 86-91 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Genet , vol.30 , pp. 86-91
    • Fisher, S.E.1
  • 51
    • 0033364213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait locus for specific language and reading deficits on chromosome 6p
    • Gayán, J. et al. Quantitative trait locus for specific language and reading deficits on chromosome 6p. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64, 157-164 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.64 , pp. 157-164
    • Gayán, J.1
  • 52
    • 0035703464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of reading difficulties and rapid naming: The Colorado Twin Study of Reading Disability
    • Davis, C. J. et al. Etiology of reading difficulties and rapid naming: the Colorado Twin Study of Reading Disability. Behav. Genet. 31, 625-635 (2001).
    • (2001) Behav. Genet. , vol.31 , pp. 625-635
    • Davis, C.J.1
  • 53
    • 0033842791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation analysis of phenotypic components of learning disabilities. I. Nonword memory and digit span
    • Wijsman, E. M. et al. Segregation analysis of phenotypic components of learning disabilities. I. Nonword memory and digit span. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67, 631-646 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 631-646
    • Wijsman, E.M.1
  • 55
    • 0034863552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of quantitative measures related to reading disability in a large sample of sib-pairs from the UK
    • Marlow, A. J. et al. Investigation of quantitative measures related to reading disability in a large sample of sib-pairs from the UK. Behav. Genet. 31, 219-230 (2001).
    • (2001) Behav. Genet. , vol.31 , pp. 219-230
    • Marlow, A.J.1
  • 56
    • 0032756525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide search strategy for identifying quantitative trait loci involved in reading and spelling disability (Developmental dyslexia)
    • Fisher, S. E., Stein, J. F. & Monaco, A. P. A genome-wide search strategy for identifying quantitative trait loci involved in reading and spelling disability (developmental dyslexia). Eur. ChiidAdoiesc. Psychiatry 8 (Suppl. 3), 47-51 (1999).
    • (1999) Eur. Chiidadoiesc. Psychiatry , vol.8 , pp. 47-51
    • Fisher, S.E.1    Stein, J.F.2    Monaco, A.P.3
  • 57
    • 0029046177 scopus 로고
    • Complete multipoint sib-pair analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits
    • Kruglyak, L. & Lander, E. S. Complete multipoint sib-pair analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57, 439-454 (1995).
    • (1995) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.57 , pp. 439-454
    • Kruglyak, L.1    Lander, E.S.2
  • 59
    • 18244408330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genomewide scan identifies two novel loci involved in specific language impairment
    • The SLI consortium. A genomewide scan identifies two novel loci involved in specific language impairment. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 384-398 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 384-398
  • 60
    • 0028877463 scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of complex traits: Guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results
    • Lander, E. & Kruglyak, L. Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results. Nature Genet. 11, 241-247 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature Genet , vol.11 , pp. 241-247
    • Lander, E.1    Kruglyak, L.2
  • 61
    • 0034758045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomewide scans of complex human diseases: True linkage is hard to find
    • Altmuller, J., Palmer, L. J., Fischer, G., Scherb, H. & Wjst, M. Genomewide scans of complex human diseases: true linkage is hard to find. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69, 936-950 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 936-950
    • Altmuller, J.1    Palmer, L.J.2    Fischer, G.3    Scherb, H.4    Wjst, M.5
  • 62
    • 0027213075 scopus 로고
    • Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34-p36
    • Rabin, M. et al. Suggestive linkage of developmental dyslexia to chromosome 1p34-p36. Lancet 342, 178 (1993).
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 178
    • Rabin, M.1
  • 63
    • 0000157151 scopus 로고
    • Screening for multiple genes influencing dyslexia
    • Smith, S. D., Kimberling, W. J. & Pennington, B. F. Screening for multiple genes influencing dyslexia. Read. Writ. 3, 285-298 (1991).
    • (1991) Read. Writ. , vol.3 , pp. 285-298
    • Smith, S.D.1    Kimberling, W.J.2    Pennington, B.F.3
  • 64
    • 0000138745 scopus 로고
    • Multiple regression of sib-pair data on reading to detect quantitative trait loci
    • Fulker, D. W. et al. Multiple regression of sib-pair data on reading to detect quantitative trait loci. Read. Writ. 3, 299-313 (1991).
    • (1991) Read. Writ. , vol.3 , pp. 299-313
    • Fulker, D.W.1
  • 65
    • 0033928210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome 6p influences on different dyslexia-related cognitive processes: Further confirmation
    • Grigorenko, E. L., Wood, F. B., Meyer, M. S. & Pauls, D. L. Chromosome 6p influences on different dyslexia-related cognitive processes: further confirmation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66, 715-723 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 715-723
    • Grigorenko, E.L.1    Wood, F.B.2    Meyer, M.S.3    Pauls, D.L.4
  • 66
    • 0042778607 scopus 로고
    • Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder
    • Geschwind, N. & Behan, P. Left-handedness: association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA 79, 5097-5100 (1982).
    • (1982) Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA , vol.79 , pp. 5097-5100
    • Geschwind, N.1    Behan, P.2
  • 67
    • 0031812486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A twin and family study of the association between immune system dysfunction and dyslexia using blood serum immunoassay and survey data
    • Gilger, J. W. et al. A twin and family study of the association between immune system dysfunction and dyslexia using blood serum immunoassay and survey data. Brain Cogn. 36, 310-333 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain Cogn , vol.36 , pp. 310-333
    • Gilger, J.W.1
  • 68
    • 0033912869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of significant linkage between phonological coding dyslexia and chromosome 6p23-21.3, as determined by use of quantitative-trait methods: Confirmation of qualitative analyses
    • Petryshen, T. L., Kaplan, B. J., Liu, M. F. & Field, L. L. Absence of significant linkage between phonological coding dyslexia and chromosome 6p23-21.3, as determined by use of quantitative-trait methods: confirmation of qualitative analyses. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66, 708-714 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 708-714
    • Petryshen, T.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2    Liu, M.F.3    Field, L.L.4
  • 69
    • 0035825196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage studies suggest a possible locus for developmental dyslexia on chromosome 1p
    • Grigorenko E. L. et al. Linkage studies suggest a possible locus for developmental dyslexia on chromosome 1p. Am. J. Med. Genet. 105, 120-129 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.105 , pp. 120-129
    • Grigorenko, E.L.1
  • 70
    • 0035828096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q influencing phonological coding dyslexia
    • Petryshen T. L. et al. Evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q influencing phonological coding dyslexia. Am. J. Med. Genet. 105, 507-517 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.105 , pp. 507-517
    • Petryshen, T.L.1
  • 71
    • 0036217207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative association analysis within the chromosome 2p12-16 dyslexia susceptibility region: Microsatellite markers and candidate genes SEMA4F and
    • Francks, C. et al. Quantitative association analysis within the chromosome 2p12-16 dyslexia susceptibility region: microsatellite markers and candidate genes SEMA4F and OTX1. Psychiatr. Genet. 12, 35-41 (2002).
    • (2002) OTX1. Psychiatr. Genet , vol.12 , pp. 35-41
    • Francks, C.1
  • 72
    • 0036168959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supportive evidence for the DYX3 dyslexia susceptibility gene in Canadian families
    • Petryshen, T. L., Kaplan, B. J., Hughes, M. L., Tzenova, J. & Field, L. L. Supportive evidence for the DYX3 dyslexia susceptibility gene in Canadian families. J. Med. Genet. 39, 125-126 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Med. Genet. , vol.39 , pp. 125-126
    • Petryshen, T.L.1    Kaplan, B.J.2    Hughes, M.L.3    Tzenova, J.4    Field, L.L.5
  • 73
    • 0033792625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two translocations of chromosome 15q associated with dyslexia
    • Nopola-Hemmi, J. et al. Two translocations of chromosome 15q associated with dyslexia. J. Med. Genet. 37, 771-775 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Med. Genet. , vol.37 , pp. 771-775
    • Nopola-Hemmi, J.1
  • 74
    • 0035257236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study designs for complex diseases
    • Cardon, L. R. & Bell, J. I. Association study designs for complex diseases. Nature Rev. Genet. 2, 91-99 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Rev. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Bell, J.I.2
  • 75
    • 0034701254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family-based association mapping provides evidence for a gene for reading disability on chromosome 15q
    • Morris, D. W. et al. Family-based association mapping provides evidence for a gene for reading disability on chromosome 15q. Hum. Moi. Genet. 9, 843-848 (2000).
    • (2000) Hum. Moi. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 843-848
    • Morris, D.W.1
  • 76
    • 18344374003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for linkage and association with reading disability on 6p21.3-22
    • Kaplan, D. E. et ai. Evidence for linkage and association with reading disability on 6p21.3-22. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 1287-1298 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 1287-1298
    • Kaplan, D.1
  • 77
    • 0031038237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using genetics to dissect cognition
    • Pennington, B. F. Using genetics to dissect cognition. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60, 13-16 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.60 , pp. 13-16
    • Pennington, B.F.1
  • 78
    • 0035209177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans
    • Goring, H. H., Terwilliger, J. D. & Blangero, J. Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69, 1357-1369 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 1357-1369
    • Goring, H.H.1    Terwilliger, J.D.2    Blangero, J.3
  • 79
    • 0037041301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6p is pleiotropic for attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Willcutt, E. G. et al. Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6p is pleiotropic for attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Med. Genet. 114, 260-268 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.114 , pp. 260-268
    • Willcutt, E.G.1
  • 80
    • 0033865944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SPCH1 region on human 7q31: Genomic characterization of the critical interval and localization of translocations associated with speech and language disorder
    • Lai, C. S. L. et al. The SPCH1 region on human 7q31: genomic characterization of the critical interval and localization of translocations associated with speech and language disorder Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67, 357-368 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet , vol.67 , pp. 357-368
    • Lai, C.S.L.1
  • 81
    • 0035807360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder
    • Lai, C. S. L., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. P. A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413, 519-523 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 519-523
    • Lai, C.S.L.1    Fisher, S.E.2    Hurst, J.A.3    Vargha-Khadem, F.4    Monaco, A.P.5
  • 82
    • 18344368187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FOXP2 is not a major susceptibility gene for autism or Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
    • Newbury, D. F. et al. FOXP2 is not a major susceptibility gene for autism or Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70, 1318-1327 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 1318-1327
    • Newbury, D.1
  • 83
    • 0036185526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic effects on human cognition: Lessons from the study of mental retardation syndromes
    • Nokelainen, P. & Flint, J. Genetic effects on human cognition: lessons from the study of mental retardation syndromes. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 72, 287-296 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 287-296
    • Nokelainen, P.1    Flint, J.2
  • 84
    • 0020215603 scopus 로고
    • The assessment of children with specific reading disabilities (Dyslexia) using the British Ability Scales
    • Thomson, M. E. The assessment of children with specific reading disabilities (dyslexia) using the British Ability Scales. Br. J. Psychiatry 73, 461-478 (1982).
    • (1982) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.73 , pp. 461-478
    • Thomson, M.E.1
  • 85
    • 0001836764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: The dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability
    • Siegel, L. S. & Himel, N. Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: the dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability. Dyslexia 4, 90-103 (1998).
    • (1998) Dyslexia , vol.4 , pp. 90-103
    • Siegel, L.S.1    Himel, N.2
  • 86
    • 0026953405 scopus 로고
    • The external validity of age- versus IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability: Lessons from a twin study
    • Pennington, B. F, Gilger, J. W., Olson, R. K. & DeFries, J. C. The external validity of age- versus IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability: lessons from a twin study. J. Learn. Disabil. 25, 562-573 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Learn. Disabil. , vol.25 , pp. 562-573
    • Pennington, B.F.1    Gilger, J.W.2    Olson, R.K.3    Defries, J.C.4
  • 87
    • 0035098791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific reading disability: A multiplanar view
    • Shapiro, B. K. Specific reading disability: a multiplanar view. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 7, 13-20 (2001).
    • (2001) Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 13-20
    • Shapiro, B.K.1
  • 88
    • 0032712319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of dyslexia: The Connecticut Longitudinal Study at adolescence
    • Shaywitz, S. E. et al. Persistence of dyslexia: the Connecticut Longitudinal Study at adolescence. Pediatrics 104, 1351-1359 (1999).
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.104 , pp. 1351-1359
    • Shaywitz, S.E.1
  • 89
    • 0028000121 scopus 로고
    • New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations
    • Nehls, M., Pfeifer, D., Schorpp, M., Hedrich, H. & Boehm, T. New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations. Nature 372, 103-107 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 103-107
    • Nehls, M.1    Pfeifer, D.2    Schorpp, M.3    Hedrich, H.4    Boehm, T.5
  • 90
    • 17344368672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forkhead transcription factor gene FKHL7 is responsible for glaucoma phenotypes which map to 6p25
    • Nishimura, D. Y. et al. The forkhead transcription factor gene FKHL7 is responsible for glaucoma phenotypes which map to 6p25. Nature Genet. 19, 140-147 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Genet , vol.19 , pp. 140-147
    • Nishimura, D.Y.1
  • 91
    • 0033646615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in FOXC2 (MFH-1), a forkhead family transcription factor, are responsible for the hereditary lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome
    • Fang, J. et al. Mutations in FOXC2 (MFH-1), a forkhead family transcription factor, are responsible for the hereditary lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67, 1382-1388 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 1382-1388
    • Fang, J.1
  • 92
    • 0035162560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of a new forkhead/winged- helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse
    • Brunkow, M. E. et al. Disruption of a new forkhead/winged- helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse. Nature Genet. 27, 68-73 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet , vol.27 , pp. 68-73
    • Brunkow, M.E.1
  • 93
    • 0035131812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The putative forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 is mutated in blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome
    • Crisponi, L. et al. The putative forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 is mutated in blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome. Nature Genet. 27, 159-166 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet , vol.27 , pp. 159-166
    • Crisponi, L.1
  • 95
    • 0028870054 scopus 로고
    • Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder
    • Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K., Alcock, K., Fletcher, P & Passingham, R. Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 930-933 (1995).
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 930-933
    • Vargha-Khadem, F.1    Watkins, K.2    Alcock, K.3    Fletcher, P.4    Passingham, R.5
  • 96
    • 0036468841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting language genes in perspective
    • Bishop, D. V. M. Putting language genes in perspective. Trends Genet. 18, 57-59 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Genet , vol.18 , pp. 57-59
    • Bishop, D.V.M.1
  • 97
    • 0346632304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mallet, J. & Christen, Y.) (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany
    • Fisher S. E. in Neurosciences at the Postgenomic Era (eds Mallet, J. & Christen, Y.) (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2002).
    • (2002) Neurosciences at the Postgenomic Era
    • Fisher, S.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.