Current perspectives on the clinical experience, pharmacology, and continued development of the camptothecins

Clinical Cancer Research

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 641-661

  Garcia Carbonero, Rocio ^a   Supko, Jeffrey G ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

7 (4 METHYLPIPERAZINOMETHYLENE) 10,11 ETHYLENEDIOXY 20 CAMPTOTHECIN; 7 ETHYL 10 HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN; 9 AMINOCAMPTOTHECIN; CAMPTOTHECIN; CAMPTOTHECIN DERIVATIVE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; EXATECAN; FLUOROPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; FLUOROURACIL; IRINOTECAN; KARENITECIN; LURTOTECAN; RUBITECAN; TOPOTECAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADVANCED CANCER; ANEMIA; ANIMAL CELL; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER; CANCER RESISTANCE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DNA RECOMBINATION; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; DNA STRUCTURE; DNA TRANSCRIPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SENSITIVITY; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME BINDING; GLIOMA; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEUTROPENIA; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL; PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SHORT SURVEY; SOLID TUMOR; STOMACH CANCER; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, PHYTOGENIC; CAMPTOTHECIN; CLINICAL TRIALS; DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0036304427     PISSN: 10780432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Short Survey

References (194)

1. Plant antitumor agents. I. The isolation and structure of camptothecin, a novel alkaloidal leukemia and tumor inhibitor from Camptotheca acuminata
2. Camptothecin induces protein-linked DNA breaks via mammalian DNA topoisomerase I
3. Renal clearance of camptothecin (NSC-100880): Effect of urine volume
4. Preliminary pharmacologic and clinical evaluation of camptothecin sodium (NSC-100880)
5. Plant antitumor agents. 28. Resolution of a key tricyclic synthon, 5′(RS)-1,5-dioxo-5′-ethyl-5′-hydroxy-2′H,5′H, 6′-6′-oxopyrano [3′,4′-f]delta 6,8-tetrahydro-indolizine: Total synthesis and antitumor activity of 20(S)- and 20(R)-camptothecin
6. Synthesis of water-soluble (aminoalkyl)camptothecin analogues: Inhibition of topoisomerase I and antitumor activity
7. A kinetic and mechanistic study of the hydrolysis of camptothecin and some analogues
8. Modification of the hydroxy lactone ring of camptothecin: Inhibition of mammalian topoisomerase I and biological activity
9. The structural basis of camptothecin interactions with human serum albumin: Impact on drug stability
10. Marked interspecies variations concerning the interactions of camptothecin with serum albumins: A frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopic study
11. Differential interactions of camptothecin lactone and carboxylate forms with human blood components
12. A reversed-phase HPLC method for determining camptothecin in plasma with specificity for the intact lactone form of the drug
13. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the novel antitumor drug topotecan and topotecan as the total of the lactone plus carboxylate forms, in human plasma
14. Analysis of the active lactone form of 9-aminocamptothecin in plasma using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography
15. Plasma pharmacokinetics of lactone and carboxylate forms of 20(S)-camptothecin in anesthetized rats
16. Pharmacokinetics of the 9-amino and 10,11-ethylenedioxy derivatives of camptothecin in mice
17. Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases I
18. Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by the DNA untwisting enzyme: Attachment of the enzyme to 3′-terminus of the nicked DNA
19. Vaccinia DNA topoisomerase I: Evidence supporting a free rotation mechanism for DNA supercoil relaxation
20. Identification of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I as an intracellular target of the anticancer drug camptothecin
21. Interaction between replication forks and topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable complexes: Studies in a cell-free SV40 DNA replication system
22. Topoisomerase I inhibitors: The relevance of prolonged exposure for present clinical development
23. Induction of neuronal apoptosis by camptothecin, an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase-I: Evidence for cell cycle-independent toxicity
24. Changes in topoisomerase I levels and localization during myeloid maturation in vitro and in vivo
25. Differentiating agents modulate topoisomerase I activity in U-937 promonocytic cells
26. Phosphorylation of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I and activation by protein kinase C
27. Poly(ADP-ribose)-mediated post-translational modification of chromatin-associated human topoisomerase I. Inhibitory effects on catalytic activity
28. Elevation of topoisomerase I messenger RNA, protein, and catalytic activity in human tumors: Demonstration of tumor-type specificity and implications for cancer chemotherapy
29. CPT-11 converting carboxylesterase and topoisomerase activities in tumour and normal colon and liver tissues
30. Topoisomerase I and II activity in human breast, cervix, lung and colon cancer
31. The involvement of active DNA synthesis in camptothecin-induced G2 arrest: Altered regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin B
32. Camptothecin and its derivatives induce expression of the c-jun protooncogene in human myeloid leukemia cells
33. Camptothecin induces differentiation and stimulates the expression of differentiation-related genes in U-937 human promonocytic leukemia cells
34. Antiangiogenic potential of camptothecin and topotecan
35. Antiangiogenic effects of camptothecin analogues 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin, topotecan, and CPT-11 studied in the mouse cornea model
36. Differential cytotoxicity of clinically important camptothecin derivatives in P-glycoprotein-overexpressing cell lines
37. Multiplicity of biliary excretion mechanisms for the camptothecin derivative irinotecan (CPT-11), its metabolite SN-38, and its glucuronide: Role of canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter and P-glycoprotein
38. Cytotoxic activity of topotecan in human tumour cell lines and primary cultures of human tumour cells from patients
39. ATP-dependent efflux of CPT-11 and SN-38 by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and its inhibition by PAK-104P
40. Overexpression of the BCRP/MXR/ABCP gene in a topotecan-selected ovarian tumor cell line
41. Determinants of CPT-11 and SN-38 activities in human lung cancer cells
42. Subcellular redistribution of DNA topoisomerase I in anaplastic astro-cytoma cells treated with topotecan
43. Decreased expression of DNA topoisomerase I in camptothecin-resistant tumor cell lines as determined by monoclonal antibody
44. Development of stable camptothecin-resistant subline of P388 leukemia with reduced topoisomerase I content
45. Factors affecting topotecan sensitivity in human leukemia samples
46. Nonproductive rearrangement of DNA topoisomerase I and II genes: Correlation with resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors
47. Camptothecin induction of a time- and concentration-dependent decrease of topoisomerase I and its implication in camptothecin activity
48. Activity and pharmacodynamics of 21-day topotecan infusion in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy
49. Molecular cloning of a cDNA of a camptothecin-resistant human DNA topoisomerase 1 and identification of mutation sites
50. Identification of a mutant human topoisomerase I with intact catalytic activity and resistance to 9-nitrocamptothecin
51. Camptothecin hyper-resistant P388 cells: Drug-dependent reduction in topoisomerase I content
52. A eukaryotic enzyme that can disjoin dead-end covalent complexes between DNA and type I topoisomerases
53. SUMO-conjugation to topoisomerase I: A possible repair response to topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage
54. Correlations between S and G2 arrest and the cytotoxicity of camptothecin in human colon carcinoma cells
55. Abrogation of an S-phase checkpoint and potentiation of camptothecin cytotoxicity by 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) in human cancer cell lines, possibly influenced by p53 function
56. Wild-type p53 protein potentiates cytotoxicity of therapeutic agents in human colon cancer cells
57. Induction of p53-dependent and p53-independent cellular responses by topoisomerase 1 inhibitors
58. Ht1080/DR4: HT1080/DR4: A P-glycoprotein-negative human fibrosarcoma cell line exhibiting resistance to topoisomerase II-reactive drugs despite the presence of a drug-sensitive topoisomerase II
59. Control of inducible chemoresistance: Enhanced anti-tumor therapy through increased apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB
60. Prevention of brefeldin A-induced resistance to teniposide by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132: Involvement of NF-κB activation in drug resistance
61. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topotecan in patients with advanced cancer
62. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topotecan given on a daily-times-five schedule in phase II clinical trials using a limited-sampling procedure
63. Clinical, pharmacokinetic and biological studies of topotecan
64. A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan (SK&F 104864) given as an intravenous bolus every 21 days
65. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topotecan administered daily for 5 days every 3 weeks
66. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral topotecan: A new topoisomerase I inhibitor
67. Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of topotecan by 24-hour continuous infusion weekly
68. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of topotecan administered by a 24-hour continuous infusion
69. Phase I clinical and plasma and cellular pharmacological study of topotecan without and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
70. Phase II and pharmacologic study of topotecan administered as a 21-day continuous infusion to patients with colorectal cancer
71. Continuous infusion of low-dose topotecan: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during a phase II study in patients with small cell lung cancer
72. Phase I clinical and pharmacology study of topotecan given daily for 5 consecutive days to patients with advanced solid tumors, with attempt at dose intensification using recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
73. Phase II evaluation of topotecan for pediatric central nervous system tumors
74. Reduced albumin binding promotes the stability and activity of topotecan in human blood
75. Topoisomerase I targeting agents: The camptothecins
76. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), irinotecan (CPT-11), and SN-38 in nonhuman primates
77. Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and penetration of continuous infusion topotecan in children with central nervous system tumors
78. Grochow pharmacologic study of topotecan in patients with impaired renal function
79. Grochow pharmacologic studies of topotecan in patients with impaired hepatic function
80. Population pharmacokinetic model for topotecan derived from phase I clinical trials
81. O-glucuronidation, a newly identified metabolic pathway for topotecan and N-desmethyl topotecan
82. Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion topotecan in children: Systemic exposure predicts hematologic toxicity
83. Sequences of topotecan and cisplatin: Phase I. Pharmacologic, and in vitro studies to examine sequence dependence
84. Topotecan in combination chemotherapy
85. Oral topotecan: Bioavailablity and effect of food co-administration
86. Comparison of clinical pharmacodynamics of different administration schedules of oral topotecan
87. Phase I study of topotecan administered as a 21-day continuous infusion in children with recurrent solid tumors: A report from the Children's Cancer Group
88. Topotecan, an active drug in the second-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of a large European phase II study
89. A phase I and pharmacological study of topotecan infused over 30 minutes for five days in patients with refractory acute leukemia
90. Topotecan versus paclitaxel for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
91. Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer
92. Topotecan vs. observation following cisplatin plus etoposide in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A phase III trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
93. Topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is active in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
94. Phase I study of Topotecan, a new topoisomerase I inhibitor, in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia
95. Upfront phase II therapy with taxol (Tx1) and topotecan in untreated children (>365 days) with disseminated (INSS stage4) neuroblastoma
96. Topotecan in pediatric patients with recurrent and progressive solid tumors: A Pediatric Oncology Group phase II study
97. Topotecan, a new active drug in the second-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: A phase II study in patients with refractory and sensitive disease
98. Effective treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis from ovarian cancer with topotecan
99. Topotecan as salvage therapy for refractory or relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma
100. Topotecan treatment of adults with primary malignant glioma
101. Phase II trial of topotecan in advanced breast cancer: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B study
102. Continuous infusional topotecan in advanced breast and non-small-cell lung cancer: No evidence of increased efficacy
103. Phase II study of topotecan in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously untreated with chemotherapy
104. Phase II study of topotecan in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
105. High-dose topotecan with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in fluoropyrimidine-refractory colorectal cancer: A phase II and pharmacodynamic study
106. Effective first line therapy of ovarian cancer (OC) with cisplatin and prolonged topotecan infusion - A NY-GOG/ECOG Study
107. A Phase II study of Topotecan (T), carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) as front line treatment in suboptimal advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC)
108. Paclitaxel (P) + topotecan (T) + GCSF for previously untreated extensive small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC): Preliminary analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9430
109. Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and topotecan in the treatment of small cell lung cancer: A phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network
110. Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and topotecan as second-line treatment of sensitive (S) and refractory (R) small cell lung cancer (SCLC): An EORTC LCCG phase II study
111. Topotecan and cytarabine is an active combination regimen in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
112. Randomized phase II study of two schedules of topotecan in previously treated patients with ovarian cancer: A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study
113. Metabolic activation of CPT-11, 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin, a novel antitumor agent, by carboxylesterase
114. The anticancer prodrug CPT-11 is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholines-terase but is rapidly catalyzed to SN-38 by butyrylcholinesterase
115. Donehower pharmacological study of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) administered as a ninety-minute infusion every 3 weeks
116. Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of weekly CPT-11
117. Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of oral irinotecan administered daily for 5 days every 3 weeks in patients with solid tumors
118. Furman pharmacokinetic study of oral irinotecan in pediatric patients with solid tumors
119. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan in cancer patients
120. Grem pharmacologic study of irinotecan administered as a 96-hour infusion weekly to adult cancer patients
121. Irinotecan therapy in adults with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma
122. Dose requirements, pharmacology and activity of CPT-11 in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma
123. Identification and properties of a major plasma metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11) isolated from the plasma of patients
124. Identification of a new metabolite of CPT-11 (irinotecan): Pharmacological properties and activation to SN-38
125. Irinotecan (CPT-11) metabolism and disposition in cancer patients
126. 14C]CPT-11 in cancer patients
127. Gandia pharmacologic studies of the camptothecin analog irinotecan administered every 3 weeks in cancer patients
128. Identification and kinetics of a β-glucuronide metabolite of SN-38 in human plasma after administration of the camptothecin derivative irinotecan
129. Modulation of glucuronidation of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, by valproic acid and phenobarbital
130. Metabolic fate or irinotecan in humans: Correlations of glucuronidation with diarrhea
131. The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase I in Gilbert's syndrome
132. Severe CPT-11 toxicity in patients with Gilbert's syndrome: Two case reports
133. Baseline serum bilirubin, a good predictor of CPT-11 neutropenia. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlation
134. Genetic predisposition to the metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Role of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 in the glucuronidation of its active metabolite (SN-38) in human liver microsomes
135. UGTIAI promoter genotype correlates with pharmacokinetics of irinotecan
136. Phase I study of weekly intravenous infusions of CPT-11, a new derivative of camptothecin, in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
137. Irinotecan therapy for patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Overall results of FDA-reviewed pivotal US clinical trials
138. Pathophysiology and therapy of irinotecan-induced delayed-onset diarrhea in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: A prospective assessment
139. Inhibition of intestinal micro-flora β-glucuronidase modifies the distribution of the active metabolite of the antitumor agent, irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) in rats
140. Pharmacokinetic modulation of irinotecan and metabolites by cyclosporin A
141. Pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in patients treated with neomycin to diminish β-glucuronidase activity in the intestines
142. A phase I study of irinotecan with pharmacokinetic modulation by cyclosporine A and phenobarbital
143. Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
144. Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
145. Phase II study of irinotecan in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in chemotherapy-naive patients and patients pretreated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy
146. A multicenter, phase II trial of weekly irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with previously treated colorectal carcinoma
147. Clinical status and future directions of irinotecan
148. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicentre randomised trial
149. Weekly irinotecan (CPT-11), leucovorin (LV), and fluorouracil (FU) is superior to daily x 5 LV/FU in patients (PTS) with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC)
150. Randomized phase III study of irinotecan and cisplatin versus etoposide and cisplatin in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study
151. Randomized trial comparing cisplatin and irinotecan versus cisplatin and vindesine versus irinotecan alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, a multicenter phase III study
152. DNA topoisomerase I-targeted chemotherapy of human colon cancer in xenografts
153. Relationship between the schedule dependence 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin antitumor activity in mice and its plasma pharmacokinetics
154. Phase I trial of the colloidal dispersion formulation of 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin administered as a 72-hour continuous intravenous infusion
155. Moore pharmacologic study of 9-aminocamptothecin colloidal dispersion formulation given as a 24-hour continuous infusion weekly times four every 5 weeks
156. Estey pharmacologic study of 9-aminocamptothecin colloidal dispersion formulation in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia
157. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a daily times 5 short intravenous infusion schedule of 9-aminocamptothecin in a colloidal dispersion formulation in patients with advanced solid tumors
158. Grem pharmacologic study of 9-aminocamptothecin given by 72-hour infusion in adult cancer patients
159. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a 72-hour infusion of 9-aminocamptothecin in adult cancer patients
160. Phase I and pharmacologic study of oral (PEG-1000) 9-aminocamptothecin in adult patients with solid tumors
161. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral 9-aminoamptothecin capsules in adult patients with solid tumors
162. Increased 9-aminocamptothecin dose requirements in patients on anticonvulsants
163. Elwood dose-escalation with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor study of 9-aminocamptothecin in relapsed and refractory lymphomas
164. A phase II study of 9-aminocamptothecin in patients with refractory breast cancer
165. 9-Aminocamptothecin by 72-hour continuous intravenous infusion is inactive in the treatment of patients with 5-fluorouracil-refractory colorectal carcinoma
166. A phase II study of 9-aminocamptothecin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
167. Differential toxicity of camptothecin, topotecan and 9-aminocamptothecin to human, canine, and murine myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) in vitro
168. 9-Aminocamptothecin and beyond. Preclinical and clinical studies
169. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral 9-aminocamptothecin (NSC-603071)
170. The role of pH and serum albumin in the metabolic conversion of 9-nitrocamptothecin to 9-aminocamptothcin by human hematopoietic and other cells
171. Pharmacokinetics of the in vivo and in vitro conversion of 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin to 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin in humans, dogs, and mice
172. A phase I clinical and pharmacological study of oral 9-nitrocamptothecin, a novel water-insoluble topoisomerase I inhibitor
173. A phase II clinical and pharmacological study of oral 9-nitrocamptothecin in patients with refractory epithelial ovarian, tubal or peritoneal cancer
174. Phase I clinical and pharmacological studies of 20-(S)-camptothecin and 20-(S)-9-nitrocamptothecin as anticancer agents
175. A study of 9-nitrocamptothecin (RFS-2000) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
176. A phase II study of rubitecan (RFS 2000, 9NC, 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin) in patients with refractory pancreatic cancer
177. Rowinsky pharmacokinetic study of GI147211, a water-soluble camptothecin analogue, administered for five consecutive days every three weeks
178. Verweij pharmacological study of the new topoisomerase I inhibitor GI147211, using a daily x 5 intravenous administration
179. A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the new topoisomerase inhibitor GI147211 given as a 72-h continuous infusion
180. Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase I inhibitor GG211 administered as a 21-day continuous infusion
181. The bioavailability of oral GI147211 (GG211), a new topoisomerase I inhibitor
182. Phase II trial of GI-147211 in locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: An EORTC-ECSG trial
183. Activity of GI-147211 in relapsed ovarian cancer, a phase II study
184. Encapsulation of the topoisomerase I inhibitor GL147211C in pegylated (STEALTH) liposomes: Pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity in HT29 colon tumor xenografts
185. Phase I evaluation of liposomal topoisomerase I inhibitor, NX-211, given on days 1, 2, 3 or days 1, 8 every 3 weeks to patients with advanced solid tumors
186. DX-8951f, a water-soluble camptothecin analog, exhibits potent antitumor activity against a human lung cancer cell line and its SN-38-resistant variant
187. Armand pharmacokinetic study of the camptothecin analog DX-8951f administered as a 30-minute infusion every 3 weeks in patients with advanced cancer
188. DX-8951f, a hexacyclic camptothecin analog, on a daily-times-five schedule: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced solid malignancies
189. Phase II study of exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f) in advanced NSCLC
190. Final results of a phase II study of DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate. DX) in advanced pancreatic cancer
191. Pazdur pharmacokinetic study of exatecan mesylate (DX-8951f): A novel camptothecin analog
192. Phase I trial of karenitecin (KT) administered intravenously daily for five consecutive days in patients with advanced solid tumors using accelerated dose titration
193. A phase I study of PEG-camptothecin (PEG-CPT) in patients with advanced solid tumors: A novel formulation for an insoluble but active agent
194. Phase I Pharmacokinetic (PK) study of MAG-CPT (PNU 166148), a polymeric derivative of camptothecin (CPT)