Chromatin insulators and boundaries: Effects on transcription and nuclear organization

Annual Review of Genetics

Volumn 35, Issue , 2001, Pages 193-208

  Gerasimova, T I ^a   Corces, V G ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Chromatin; DNA; Insulators; Nucleus; Transcription

Indexed keywords

BETA GLOBULIN;

CHICKEN; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; CPG ISLAND; DNA SEQUENCE; DROSOPHILA; ENHANCER REGION; GENE LOCUS; GENE SILENCING; GENOME; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REGULATOR GENE; REVIEW; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; YEAST;

ANIMALS; CHICKENS; CHROMATIN; DNA; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA; ENHANCER ELEMENTS (GENETICS); GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE SILENCING; MODELS, GENETIC; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); REGULATORY SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; VERTEBRATES;

GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 0035671406     PISSN: 00664197     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.090349     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. The Fab-8 boundary defines the distal limit of the bithorax complex iab-7 domain and insulates iab-7 from initiation elements and a PRE in the adjacent iab-8 domain
2. Methylation of a CTCF-dependent boundary controls imprinted expression of the Igf2 gene
3. The protein CTCF is required for the enhancer blocking activity of vertebrate insulators
4. Insulators and boundaries: Versatile regulatory elements in the eukaryotic genome
5. UASrpg can function as a heterochromatin boundary element in yeast
6. Going the distance: A current view of enhancer action
7. Interaction between two boundary proteins, zeste-white 5 and BEAF
8. Modulation of enhancer-promoter interactions by insulators in the Drosophila embryo
9. Effects of cis arrangement of chromatin insulators on enhancer-blocking activity
10. Lampbrush chromosomes
11. Reactivation of silenced, virally transduced genes by inhibitors of histone deacetylase
12. Characterization of the chicken beta-globin insulator
13. A 5′ element of the chicken betaglobin domain serves as an insulator in human erythroid cells and protects against position effect in Drosophila
14. Chromatin boundaries
15. Identification of a class of chromatin boundary elements
16. Analysis of the transcriptional enhancer effect
17. The boundaries of the silenced HMR domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
18. RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II promoter complexes are heterochromatin barriers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
19. The enhancer of position-effect variegation of Drosophila, E(var)3-93D, codes for a chromatin protein containing a conserved domain common to several transcriptional regulators
20. Distant liaisons: Long-range enhancer-promoter interactions in Drosophila
21. Transactivation of the Xenopus rRNA gene promoter by its enhancer
22. The activity of the scs and scs' insulator elements is not dependent on chromosomal context
23. A chromatin insulator protects retrovirus vectors from chromosomal position effects
24. An exceptionally conserved transcriptional repressor, CTCF, employs different combinations of zinc fingers to bind diverged promoter sequences of avian and mammalian c-myc oncogenes
25. Cohabitation of insulators and silencing elements in yeast subtelomeric regions
26. The Zw5 protein, a component of the scs chromatin domain boundary, is able to block enhancer-promoter interaction
27. Genetic and molecular analysis of the gypsy chromatin insulator of Drosophila
28. A chromatin insulator determines the nuclear localization of DNA
29. Boundary and insulator elements in chromosomes
30. Polycomb and trithorax group proteins mediate the function of a chromatin insulator
31. A Drosophila protein that imparts directionality on a chromatin insulator is an enhancer of position-effect variegation
32. The role of insulator elements in defining domains of gene expression
33. DNA position-specific repression of transcription by a Drosophila zinc finger protein
34. Interactions between the Su(Hw) and Mod(mdg4) proteins required for gypsy insulator function
35. Fab-7 functions as a chromatin domain boundary to ensure proper segment specification by the Drosophila bithorax complex
36. CTCF mediates methylation-sensitive enhancer-blocking activity at the H19/Igf2 locus
37. A leucine zipper domain of the suppressor of Hairy-wing protein mediates its repressive effect on enhancer function
38. Evidence for an antagonistic relationship between the boundary element-associated factor BEAF and the transcription factor DREF
39. The scs' boundary element: Characterization of boundary element-associated factors
40. Core histone hyperacetylation co-maps with generalized DNase I sensitivity in the chicken betaglobin chromosomal domain
41. Repression of hsp70 heat shock gene transcription by the suppressor of hairy-wing protein of Drosophila melanogaster
42. Position-independent human beta-globin gene expression mediated by a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector carrying the chicken betaglobin insulator
43. Expression of the cut locus in the Drosophila wing margin is required for cell type specification and is regulated by a distant enhancer
44. A transcriptional insulator at the imprinted H19/Igf2 locus
45. Functional association of CTCF with the insulator upstream of the H19 gene is parent of origin-specific and methylation-sensitive
46. A position-effect assay for boundaries of higher order chromosomal domains
47. A group of scs elements function as domain boundaries in an enhancer-blocking assay
48. Scaffold-associated regions: Cis-acting determinants of chromatin structural loops and functional domains
49. The Su(Hw) chromatin insulator protein alters double-strand break repair frequencies in the Drosophila germ line
50. Disruption of imprinting caused by deletion of the H19 gene region in mice
51. A transcriptional insulator element, the su(Hw) binding site, protects a chromosomal DNA replication origin from position effects
52. Chromatin domain boundaries in the Bithorax complex
53. Boundaries that demarcate structural and functional domains of chromatin
54. Two insulators are not better than one
55. Chip, a widely expressed chromosomal protein required for segmentation and activity of a remote wing margin enhancer in Drosophila
56. Loss of insulator activity by paired Su(Hw) chromatin insulators
57. A nuclear matrix/scaffold attachment region co-localizes with the gypsy retrotransposon insulator sequence
58. Human matrix attachment regions insulate transgene expression from chromosomal position effects in Drosophila melanogaster
59. GAGA mediates the enhancer blocking activity of the eve promoter in the Drosophila embryo
60. Loss of transcriptional activity of a transgene is accompanied by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation and is prevented by insulators
61. An insulator element and condensed chromatin region separate the chicken beta-globin locus from an independently regulated erythroid-specific folate receptor gene
62. Positional enhancer-blocking activity of the chicken beta-globin insulator in transiently transfected cells
63. Developmental regulation of topoisomerase II sites and DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the chicken beta-globin locus
64. Nipped-B, a Drosophila homologue of chromosomal adherins, participates in activation by remote enhancers in the cut and Ultrabithorax genes
65. The su(Hw) protein insulates expression of the Drosophila melanogaster white gene from chromosomal position-effects
66. Structural and functional conservation at the boundaries of the chicken beta-globin domain
67. Enhancer blocking by the Drosophila gypsy insulator depends upon insulator anatomy and enhancer strength
68. Effects of the su(Hw) insulator protein on the expression of the divergently transcribed Drosophila yolk protein genes
69. DNA bending is a determinant of binding specificity for a Drosophila zinc finger protein
70. Maternal-specific footprints at putative CTCF sites in the H19 imprinting control region give evidence for insulator function
71. Protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster: Relation to chromosome puffs
72. The 87A7 chromomere. Identification of novel chromatin structures flanking the heat shock locus that may define the boundaries of higher order domains
73. Sequences required for enhancer blocking activity of scs are located within two nuclease-hypersensitive regions
74. Visualization of chromosomal domains with boundary element-associated factor BEAF-32
75. An enhancer-blocking element between alpha and delta gene segments within the human T cell receptor alpha/delta locus
76. The Fab-7 element of the bithorax complex attenuates enhancer-promoter interactions in the Drosophila embryo
77. A novel cis-regulatory element, the PTS, mediates an anti-insulator activity in the Drosophila embryo