Animal models of nociception

Pharmacological Reviews

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 597-652

  Le Bars, D ^a   Gozariu, M ^a   Cadden, S W ^a  

^a INSERM   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MORPHINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; MEASUREMENT; MECHANICAL STIMULATION; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NOCICEPTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTION TIME; REVIEW; SPINAL REFLEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TAIL FLICK TEST; THERMOREGULATION; VASOMOTOR REFLEX;

ANALGESICS; ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; NERVE FIBERS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT;

EID: 0035213050     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

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266. Ultrasounds emitted by female rats during agonistic interactions: Effects of morphine and naltrexone
267. Reflex jaw opening in response to stimulation of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the cat
268. Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal L-type calcium channel blockers on visceral and somatic stimuli in the rat
269. The interaction of antinociceptive effects of morphine and GABA receptor agonists within the rat spinal cord
270. A test for analgesics as an indicator of locomotor activity in writhing mice
271. Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, DPen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H
272. Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, morphine, or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to colorectal distension in the rat
273. Threshold of pain and reflex contraction as related to noxious stimuli
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276. Spectral transmittance and reflectance of excised human skin
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281. The pain threshold in man
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286. Behavioral and physiological studies of non-narcotic analgesia in the rat elicited by certain environmental stimuli
287. Antagonism of the frequency of phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse by weak analgesics and nonanalgesics
288. Measurement of heating of the skin temperature during exposure to infrared radiations
289. Cutaneous thermoreceptors
290. Reduction of pain-conditioned anxiety by analgesic doses of morphine in rats
291. Use of differential barpressing rates of rats for screening analgesic drugs. 1. Techniques and effects of morphine
292. Analgesic effects of irritants in three models of experimentaily-induced pain
293. The number and sizes of axons at the apex of the cat's canine tooth
294. Postnatal development of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes in the rat: A behavioural and electromyographic study
295. On the organization of the supraspinal inhibitory control of interneurons of various spinal reflex arcs
296. Differential supraspinal control of synaptic actions evoked by volleys in the flexion reflex afferents in alpha motoneurones
297. Effects of morphine and narcotic antagonists on avoidance behavior in the squirrel monkey
298. Capsaicin: Cellular targets, mechanisms of action and selectivity for thin sensory neurons
299. Blood pressure and gastric motor responses to bradykinin and hydrochloric acid injected into somatic or visceral tissues
300. Central versus peripheral site of action of the tachykinin NK1-antagonist RP-67580 in inhibiting chemonociception
301. Effect of anodal blockade of myelinated fibers on vagal C fiber afferents
302. Dose-response of intravenous butorphanol to increase visceral nociceptive threshold in dogs
303. Differential stress effects on responses to noxious stimuli as measured by tail-flick latency and squeak threshold in rats
304. Exteroceptive reflexes to stimulation of the sural nerve in normal man
305. A modified hot-plate test sensitive to mild analgesics
306. Formalin test in mice, a useful technique for evaluating mild analgesics
307. The formalin test in mice: Dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain
308. Intradermal hypertonic saline-induced behavior as a nociceptive test in mice
309. Extent and control of shock affects naltrexone sensitivity of stress-induced analgesia and reactivity to morphine
310. Enhancement of dynorphin gene expression in spinal cord following experimental inflammation: Stimulus specificity, behavioral parameters and opioid receptor binding
311. Electroencephalographic responses to the formalin test in rats
312. Tension receptors in the stomach and urinary bladder
313. Impact of shock on pain reactivity: I. Whether hypo- or hyperalgesia is observed depends on how pain reactivity is tested
314. The effects of morphine, methadone and meperidine on some reflex responses of spinal animals to nociceptive stimulation
315. The evaluation of analgesic potency of drugs using thermal stimulation in the rat
316. Some effects of morphine on adaptative and learning behaviour
317. Evaluation of narcotic analgesics
318. The modulatory effects of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists upon viscero-visceral hyper-reflexia in a rat model of visceral hyperalgesia
319. The inhibitory effect of fentanyl and other morphine-like analgesics on the warm induced tail withdrawal reflex in rat
320. Interneurons presynaptic to rat tail-flick motoneurons as mapped by transneuronal transport of pseudorabies virus: Few have long ascending collaterals
321. The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: Description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models
322. Direct spinal effect of intrathecal acetaminophen on visceral noxious stimulation in rabbits
323. I. Comparison of antinociceptive action of morphine in the periaqueductal gray, medial and paramedial medulla in the rat
324. The formalin test in rat: Validation of an automated system
325. Afferent innervatian of the cat incisor pulp
326. Analgesia or hyperalgesia following stress correlates with emotional behavior in rats
327. A new automated method of pain scoring in the formalin test in rats
328. Audible and ultrasonic vocalization elicited by single electrical nociceptive stimuli to the tail in the rat
329. Effect of analgesics on audible and ultrasonic pain-induced vocalization in the rat
330. Differential effects of morphine and opioid analgesics on A and C fiber-evoked activity in ascending axons of the rat spinal cord
331. Antinociceptive effect of centrally administered Caerulein and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-5)
332. Cold stimulation of teeth: A comparison between the responses of cat intradental Aδ and C fibres and human sensation
333. Tail-flick test I: Impact of a suprathreshold exposure to radiant heat on pain reactivity in rats
334. Correlation between autotomy-behavior and current theories of neuropathic pain
335. Weight bearing of the limb as a confounding factor in assessment of mechanical allodynia in the rat
336. Evolutionary and comparative aspects of nociception
337. A quantitative study on the tail flick test in the rat
338. Experience as a factor in the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine
339. The analgesic effects of morphine but not those of the enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan, are enhanced in arthritic rats
340. Local and remote modifications of nociceptive sensitivity during carrageenin-induced inflammation in the rat
341. The role of endorphins in stress-induced analgesia
342. Electrolytic raphe magnus lesions blocks analgesia induced by a stress-morphine interaction but not analgesia induced by morphine alone
343. Evidence that stress augments morphine analgesia by increasing brain tryptophan
344. A device to measure cutaneous temperature sensitivity in humans and subhuman species
345. The effects of bradykinin and sequence-related analogs on the response properties of cutaneous nociceptors in monkeys
346. An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat
347. Shock-induced hyperalgesia: Evidence forebrain systems play an essential role
348. Tail-flick test: II. The role of supraspinal systems and avoidance learning
349. Impact of shock on pain reactivity: II. Evidence for enhanced pain
350. Facilitatory interaction in spinal reflex pathways from nociceptive cutaneous afferents and identified secondary spindle afferents in the cat
351. Nociceptive sensitivity/behavioral reactivity regulation during aversive states of different nature: Its mediation by opioid peptides
352. Neurobiological background of pain and analgesia: The attempt at revaluation according to position of the organism's adaptative activity
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354. NMDA and quisqualate modulation of visceral nociception in the rat
355. Antinociceptive effects of vaginal stimulation in rats: Neurophysiological and behavioral studies
356. Effects of anxiety and morphine on the anticipation and perception of painful radiant thermal stimuli
357. Acetic acid for analgesic screening
358. Morphine antagonizes inhibitory controls of nociceptive reactions, triggered by visceral pain in the rat
359. Behavioral confirmation of "diffuse noxious inhibitory controls" (DNIC) and evidence for a role of endogenous opiates
360. Demonstration of A- and C- fibre components in the Babinski plantar response and the pathological flexion reflex
361. An electromyographic study of the nociceptive reflexes of the lower limb. Mechanism of the plantar responses
362. Biological rhythms in pain and in the effects of opioid analgesics
363. Shortened pain response time following repeated algesiometric test in rats
364. Comparison of responses of warm and nociceptive C-fiber afferents in monkey with human judgments of thermal pain
365. Fedotozine blocks hypersensitive visceral pain in conscious rats: Action at peripheral kappa-opioid receptors
366. Effect of fedotozine on the cardiovascular pain reflex induced by distension of the irritated colon in the anesthetized rat
367. Response heterogeneity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a rat visceral hypersensitivity model
368. The bee venom test: A new tonic-pain test
369. Quantitative differences in aspirin analgesia in three models of clinical pain
370. Physiological approaches to counter-irritation phenomena
371. Differential effects of morphine on response of dorsal horn lamina V type cells elicited by A and C fibre stimulation in the spinal cat
372. Neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the pain-relieving effects of counter-irritation and related techniques
373. Morphine-induced tail erection: Site of action
374. Visceral pain reflex after pretreatment with capsaicin and morphine
375. Pain induced vocalization in the rat and its modification by pharmacological agents
376. A study of the quantal (all-or-non) change in reflex latency produced by opiate analgesics
377. Opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia
378. Chronic stress enhances morphine analgesia in the rat
379. Observations relating to referred pain, visceromotor reflexes and other associated phenomena
380. Evidence that the antinociceptive tail-flick response is produced independently from changes in either tail-skin temperature or core temperature
381. Manifestations of pain in analgesic evaluation in animals and man
382. Laboratory animals in pain research
383. Test des crampes abdominales provoquées chez la souris par la phénylbenzoquinone
384. Measurement of some thermal properties of human tissues
385. Neuron patterns controlling transmission ofipsilateral hind limb reflex in the cat
386. Reflex action in relation to pattern and peripheral source of afferent stimulation
387. Reflex responses do not necessarily signify pain
388. Comparative analgesic testing of various compounds in mice using writhing techniques
389. Integrated activity of cardiovascular and pain regulatory role in adaptative behavioural responses
390. Midbrain and medullary regulation of defensive cardiovascular functions
391. The medullary raphe nuclei: A system for integration and gain control in autonomic and somatomotor responsiveness?
392. Differential antinociceptive effects of spinal opioids on foot withdrawal responses evoked by C fibre or A delta nociceptor activation
393. Integrative significance of patterns of connections made by muscle afferents in the spinal cord
394. Inhibitory control from the brain stem of transmission from primary afferents to motoneurons: Primary afferent terminals and ascending pathways
395. Determination of antinociceptive efficacy of drugs in mice using different water temperatures in a tail immersion test
396. Capsaicin: Actions on nociceptive C-fibres and therapeutic potential
397. A comparison of the relative numbers and properties of cutaneous nociceptive afferents in different mammalian species
398. Antinociceptive actions of spinal antiinflammatory agents on the formalin test in the rat
399. Use of hindlimb reflexes of the chronic spinal dog for comparing analgesics
400. Assessing pain threshold in the rat: Changes with estrus and time of day
401. Epinephrine-induced writhing in mice
402. Responses of intradental nerves to electrical and thermal stimulation of teeth in dogs
403. Peripheral and central aspects of trigeminal nociceptive systems
404. Responses of intradental nerves to mechanical stimulation of teeth in the cat
405. Antinociceptive synergy between intrathecal morphine and lidocaine during visceral and somatic nociception in the rat
406. Ketorolac potentiates morphine antinociception during visceral nociception in the rat
407. Formalin induces biphasic activity in C-fibers in the rat
408. Effects of morphine, nalorphine, cyclazocine and naloxone on the flexor reflex
409. A method of investigating analgesic substances in mice, using electrical stimulation of the tail
410. Effects of tachykinin receptor antagonists on the rat jejunal distension pain response
411. Effects of nematode infection on sensitivity to intestinal distension: Role of tachykinin NK2 receptors
412. A model for the study of visceral pain states: Chronic inflammation of the chronic decerebrate rat urinary bladder by irritant chemicals
413. Visceral pain
414. Modifiability of spinal synapses
415. Presynaptic hyperpolarisation: A role for fine afferent fibres
416. Opioid footshock induced analgesia in mice acutely falls by stress prolongation
417. Pain terms: A list with definitions and notes on usage
418. Peripheral neural mechanisms of nociception
419. A laser stimulator for the study of cutaneous thermal and pain sensations
420. Inflammation of the colonic wall induced by formalin as a model of acute visceral pain
421. Multiplicity and limits of nociceptive tests performed for the screening of analgesic agents
422. A critique of analgesic testing methods
423. Habituation to sham testing procedures modifies tail-flick latencies: Effects on nociception rather than vasomotor tone
424. Behavioural modification of bulbospinal serotonergic inhibition and morphine analgesia
425. A comparison of drug effects upon the paw jerk response to electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in dogs and cats
426. Neuronal and behavioral responses in rats during noxious stimulation of the tail
427. The genetic mediation of individual differences in sensitivity to pain and its inhibition
428. Differential genetic mediation of sensitivity to morphine in genetic models of opiate antinociception: Influence of nociceptive assay
429. Assessing mechanical allodynia in the rat paw with a new electronic algometer
430. Assessment of pain by direct measurement of cerebro cortical activity
431. The "plantar test" apparatus (Ugo Basile Biological Apparatus), a controlled infrared noxious radiant heat stimulus for precise withdrawal latency measurement in the rat, as a tool for humans?
432. A behavioural model for the study of facial nociception and the effects of descending modulatory systems in the rat
433. Susceptibility to morphine-induced analgesia in mice
434. Influence of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in visceromotor and nociceptive responses to rectal distension before and during experimental colitis in rats
435. Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment
436. The effects of granisetron, ICS 205-930 and ondansetron on the visceral pain reflex induced by duodenal distension
437. Oxytocin-induced "cramping" in the rat
438. Methodological refinements to the mouse paw formalin test
439. Intrapulpal nerve stimulation in the rat
440. Morphine-induced Straub tail response: Mediated by central m2-opiod receptor
441. Sensory effects in man of lesions of the posterior columns and of some other afferent pathways
442. Studies on sensation to cold stimulation in human teeth
443. Antagonist effects of beta-funaltrexamine and naloxonazine on alfentanil-induced antinociception and muscle rigidity in the rat
444. Centrifugal modulation of the rat tail flick reflex evoked by graded noxious heating
445. Colorectal distension as a noxious visceral stimulus. Physiologic and pharmacologic characterisation of pseudoaffective reflexes in the rat
446. Visceral pain: A review of experimental studies
447. Contribution of the site of heating to the variability in the latency of the rat tail flick reflex
448. Further behavioral evidence that colorectal distension is a noxious visceral stimulus in rats
449. Suprofen, a potent antagonist of acetic acid-induced writhing in rats
450. Studies on algesimetry by electrical stimulation of the mouse tail
451. Temperature-dependent interaction between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mechanisms in human skin
452. Quantification of the analgesic activity of narcotic antagonists by a modified hot plate procedure
453. The normal sural nerve in man. I. Ultrastructure and numbers of fibres and cells
454. Arthritis induced in cat by sodium urate: A possible animal model for tonic pain
455. Mode of neural control mediating rat tail vasodilation during heating
456. Effects of morphine on neuronal and behavioural responses to visceral and somatic nociception at the level of spinal cord
457. Mastication
458. Increases in plasma beta-endorphin and tail flick latency in the rat following burn injury
459. Evaluation of the analgesic effects of capsaicin using a new rat model for tonic pain
460. Morphine-induced inhibition of different pain responses in relation to the regional turnover of rat brain noradrenaline and dopamine
461. An electrical method for estimation of analgesic activity in mice. II. Application of the method in investigations of some analgesic drugs
462. A study of gastric stretch receptors. Their role in the peripheral mechanism of satiation of hunger and thirst
463. Capsaicin-induced bladder overactivity and nociceptive behaviour in conscious rats: Involvement of spinal nitric oxide
464. On the selectivity of intravenous mu- and kappa-opioids between nociceptive and non nociceptive reflexes in the spinalized rat
465. Spinal antinociceptive actions and naloxone reversibility of intravenous mu- and kappa-opioids in spinalized rats: Potency mismatch with values reported for spinal administration
466. Prevention of writhing and other effects of narcotics and narcotic antagonists in mice
467. Effects of morphine and nalorphine on the phenylquinone-induced syndrome in monkeys
468. Effects of analgesics and other drugs on mice in phenylquinone and Rotorod tests
469. Studies in suppression of nocifensive reflexes measured with tail flick electromyograms and using intrathecal drugs barbiturate anesthetized rats
470. Antinociceptive activity of the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists, des-Arg9,(Leu8)-BK and HOE 140, in two models of persistent hyperalgesia in the rat
471. Analgesic activity as determined by the Nilsen method
472. A quantitative analgesic assay in the rabbit based on the response to tooth pulp stimulation
473. A new method for adjuvant induced arthritis in the rat
474. Rat cold water tail flick: A novel analgesic test that distinguishes opioid agonists from mixed agonist-antagonists
475. Facilitation of a nociceptive flexion reflex in man by non-noxious laser radiant heat produced by a laser
476. 2 laser radiation
477. 2 laser stimuli
478. Individual differences in the hotplate test and effects of habituation on sensitivity to morphine
479. Prediction of human analgesic dosages of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) from analgesic ED50 values in mice
480. Immobilization and restraint effects on pain reactions in animals
481. Fiber composition of the lateral plantar and superficial peroneal nerves in the rat foot
482. Impact of shock on pain reactivity: III. The magnitude of hypoalgesia observed depends on test location
483. An analysis of factors that contribute to the efficacy of hypnotic analgesia
484. A psychophysical analysis of morphine analgesia
485. Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: Systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity
486. Méthode algésimétrique expérimentale: Étude quantitative de l'action des analgésiques (butazolidine, amidopyrine, morphine, péthidine)
487. Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an "atypical" opioid analgesic
488. Is electrical stimulation of the rat incisor an appropriate experimental nociceptive stimulation?
489. A critical analysis of the experimental evaluation of nociceptive reactions in animals
490. Tail immersion testfor the evaluation of a nociceptive reaction in mice. Methodological considerations
491. Body temperature control of rat tail blood flow
492. The tail of the rat, in temperature regulation and acclimatation
493. A method for measurement of analgesic activity on inflamed tissue
494. Vagal modulation of nociception
495. Interactions between cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems
496. Antinociception and cardiovascular responses produced by intravenous morphine: The role of vagal afferents
497. Method for the measurement of respiration in unanesthetized rats: Effect of selected analgesics and hypnotics
498. A combined behavioral-physiological method for the assessment of thermal sensibility in the rat
499. An improved method for assessing mechanical allodynia in the rat
500. Rat tail flick acupuncture analgesia model
501. Quinpirole-induced alterations of tail temperature appear as hyperalgesia in the radiant heat tail-flick test
502. Cardiovascular changes in response to uterine stimulation
503. Ethical issues in the use of animals for pain research
504. Pharmacological evaluation of mild analgesics
505. Modulation of hypoalgesia by morphine and number of shock trials: Covariation of a measure of context fear and hypoalgesia
506. A reliable, facial nociception device for unrestrained, awake animals: Effects of morphine and trigeminal complex lesions
507. The formalin test in mice: The influence of ambient temperature
508. The formalin test in mice: Effects of formalin concentration
509. Flexibility of lower limb reflex responses to painful cutaneous stimulation in standing humans: Evidence of load-dependent modulation
510. Experimental animal models of chronic pain
511. A model for evaluation of gastric sensitivity in awake rats
512. Pressor responses to distension of the ureter in anesthetized rats: Characterization of a model of acute visceral pain
513. Hyperthermic effects of morphine: Set point manipulation by a direct spinal action
514. Intrathecal prostaglandin E1 produces a long-lasting allodynic state
515. The capsaicin test in mice for evaluating tachykinin antagonists in the spinal cord
516. The massive expression of c-fos protein in spinal dorsal horn neurons is not followed by long-term changes in spinal nociception
517. Guidelines for detection and assessment of pain and distress in animals
518. Guidelines for the recognition and assessment of pain in animals
519. The impact of somatosensory input on autonomic functions
520. Varying changes in heart rate produced by nociceptive stimulation of the skin in rats at different temperatures
521. The permanent anatomical effects of neonatal capsaicin on somatosensory nerves
522. The articular polymodal nociceptor in health and disease
523. Silent and active nociceptors: Structures, functions and clinical implications
524. Pain threshold changes induced by acute exposure to altered ambient temperature
525. Spinal sensorimotor systems and their supraspinal control
526. Restrictions on the interpretation of spinal reflex modulation in pain and analgesia research
527. Functional organization of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes. II. Changes of excitability and receptive fields after spinalization in the rat
528. Functional organization of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes. I. Activation of hindlimb muscles in the rat
529. Activity evoked by A- and C-afferent fibres in rat dorsal horn neurons and its relation to a flexion reflex
530. Sensorimotor transformation in a spinal motor system
531. A survey of spinal dorsal horn neurones encoding the spatial organization of withdrawal reflexes in the rat
532. Effects of morphine sulfate on operant behavior in Rhesus monkey
533. The relevance of animal neuropathy models for chronic pain in humans
534. Antinociceptive activity of narcotic agonist and partial agonist analgesics and other agents in the tail-immersion test in mice and rats
535. Differential sensitivity of antinociceptive tests to opioid agonists and partial agonists
536. Conditioned fear enhances morphine analgesia in the rat
537. Morphine analgesia: Enhancement by shock-associated cues
538. Morphine insensitive allodynia is produced by intrathecal strychnine in the lightly anesthetized rat
539. Observations on the scratch-reflex in the spinal dog
540. Flexion-reflex of the limb, crossed extension-reflex and reflex stepping and standing
541. Modified formalin test: Characteristic biphasic pain response
542. Tooth pre-pain sensation elicited by electrical stimulation
543. A method for evaluating both non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics
544. Spinal vs supraspinal actions of morphine on the rat tail-flick reflex
545. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity using electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in the conscious dog
546. Measurement of "mental clouding" and other subjective effects of morphine
547. The analgesic properties of certain drugs and drug combinations
548. Alterations in responsiveness of ascending and reflex pathways activated by iterated cutaneous afferent volleys
549. Decrement of ventral root electrotonus and intracellularly recorded PSPs produced by iterated cutaneous afferent volleys
550. Response decrement of the flexion reflex in the acute spinal cat and transient restoration by strong stimuli
551. Protons selectively induce lasting excitation and sensitization to mechanical stimulation of nociceptors in rat skin, in vitro
552. Convergence in segmental reflex pathways from nociceptive and non-nociceptive afferents to alpha-motoneurones in the cat
553. Morphine effects on the cardiovascular system of awake, freely behaving rats
554. Antinociceptive profiles of mu and kappa opioid agonists in a rat tooth pulp stimulation procedure
555. The need for an animal model of chronic pain
556. Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on perception of thermal cutaneous pain
557. Relationship between pain and tissue damage due to thermal radiation
558. Skin and subcutaneous temperature changes during exposure to intense thermal radiation
559. A sensitive test for studying the effects of opioids on a C-fibre reflex elicited by a wide range of stimulus intensities in the rat
560. Scoring the mouse formalin test: Validation study
561. Different radiant heat intensities differentiate intracerebroventricular morphine- from beta-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response in the mouse
562. Inescapable shock-induced potentiation of morphine analgesia
563. 2 laser and contact heat stimulation
564. The mouse grid-shock analgesia test: Pharmacological characterization of latency to vocalization threshold as an index of antinociception
565. Treatment of medically intractable mental disease by limited frontal leucotomy-justifiable?
566. Vanilloid (capsaicin) receptors and mechanisms
567. Actions of capsaicin on sensory receptors
568. Predictive value of analgesic assays in mice and rats
569. Inhibition of phenylquinone-induced writhing by narcotic antagonists
570. The contribution of training to sensitivity in the nociceptive paw-withdrawal test
571. Test method for analgesic activity
572. Afferent impulses in the nerve supplying the urinary bladder
573. Pituitary-adrenocortical responses to persistent noxious stimuli in the awake rat: Endogenous corticosterone does not reduce nociception in the formalin test
574. Persistent cardiovascular and behavioral nociceptive responses to subcutaneous formalin require peripheral nerve input
575. Early nociceptive events influence the temporal profile, but not the magnitude, of the tonic response to subcutaneous formalin: Effects with remifentanyhl
576. A test for antinociceptive activity of narcotic and narcotic antagonist analgesics in the guinea pig
577. Changes in nociception, arterial blood pressure and heart rate produced by intravenous morphine in the conscious rat
578. Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: Correlation with pain threshold in humans
579. Response of C fibre nociceptors in the anaesthetized monkey to heat stimuli: Estimates of receptor depth and threshold
580. The formalin test: An evaluation of the method
581. The effect of morphine on core and skin temperature in rats
582. Animal models of analgesia
583. An improved method for tail-flick testing with adjustment for tail-skin temperature
584. The apparent hyperalgesic effect of a serotonin antagonist in the tail flick test is mainly due to increased tail skin temperature
585. The increasing-temperature hot-plate test: An improved test of nociception in mice, and rats
586. Selective stimulation of intrapulpal nerve of rat lower incisor using a bipolar electrode method
587. Diazepam and endorphin independently inhibit ultrasonic distress calls in rats
588. Rat knee-joint carrageenin incapacitation test: An objective screen for central and peripheral analgesics
589. Perceptual changes accompanying controlled preferential blocking of A and C fibre responses in intact human skin nerves
590. Attenuation of c-Fos expression in the rat lumbosacral spinal cord by morphine or tramadol following noxious colorectal distension
591. 2 laser activated nociceptive fibers in intact human skin nerve
592. Evidence for two different heat transduction mechanisms in nociceptive primary afferents innervating monkey skin
593. Quantitative relationship between the stimulus intensity and the response magnitude in the tail flick reflex
594. Evidence for functional interactions in substantia nigra and striatum in relation to muscular rigidity in rats
595. GABAergic mechanisms in mediating muscular rigidity, catalepsy and postural asymmetry in rats: Differences between dorsal and ventral striatum
596. Analgesic tests based upon experimentally induced acute abdominal pain in rats
597. Behavioral effects of morphine and phencyclidine in rats: The influence of repeated testing before and after single treatment
598. Accommodation of normal and pathologic pulp nerve
599. Hyperalgesia induced by emotional stress in the rat: An experimental animal model of human anxiogenic hyperalgesia
600. Regulation of body temperature and nociception induced by non-noxious stress in rat
601. Extrapolations from the pain research literature to problems of adequate veterinary care
602. Guideline for assessing pain reactions and pain modulation in laboratory animal subjects
603. Inference of pain sensitivity from complex behaviors of laboratory animals
604. Quantitative comparison of the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of aspirin, phenacetin and acetaminophen in rodents
605. New analgesic assay utilizing trypsin-induced hyperalgesia in the hind limb of the rat
606. Techniques for the study of pain in animals
607. Responses in dental nerves in dogs to tooth stimulation and the effects of systematically administered procaine, lidocaine and morphine
608. "Pain", the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain
609. Injury-related behavior and neuronal plasticity: An evolutionary perspective on sensitization, hyperalgesia and analgesia
610. An innovative cold tail-flick test: The cold ethanol tail-flick test
611. Algesiometry in laboratory and man: Current concepts and future directions
612. Organisation of endogenous opiate and nonopiate pain control systems
613. Species variants of tachykinin receptor types
614. Optimal scoring strategies and weights for the formalin test in rats
615. A role for CNS alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in opiate-induced muscle rigidity in the rat
616. Ketanserin pretreatment reverses alfentanil-induced muscle rigidity
617. Dexmedetomidine, acting through central alpha-2 adrenoceptors, prevents opiate-induced muscle rigidity in the rat
618. Brain sites mediating opiate-induced muscle rigidity in the rat: Methylnaloxonium mapping study
619. Fractional escape and avoidance on a titration schedule
620. Behavioral method for study of pain in the monkey
621. Uterine inflammation as a noxious visceral stimulus: Behavioral characterization in the rat
622. The function of noradrenergic neurons in mediating antinociceptian induced by electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus in two different sources of Sprague-Dawley rats
623. Standardization of the rat paw formalin test for the evaluation of analgesics
624. The rat paw formalin test: Comparison of noxious agents
625. Habituation of spinal interneurons
626. Habituation of spinal motoneurons
627. Sites and mechanisms of action of morphine and related drugs in the central nervous system
628. An instrument using a multiple layer Peltier device to change skin temperature rapidly
629. Comparative study of perceived pain and nociceptive flexion reflex in man
630. Studies on pain: Effects of morphine on a spinal nociceptive flexion reflex and related pain sensation in man
631. Peripheral versus central cardiorespiratory effects of morphine
632. The nociceptive contraction of the cutaneous muscle of the guinea pig as elicited by radiant heat with observations on the mode of action of morphine
633. The relation between skin temperature and the effect of morphine upon the response to thermal stimuli in the albino rat and the dog
634. Nociceptive thresholds as affected by parenteral administration of irritants and of various antinociceptive drugs
635. Reaction thresholds to pressure in edematous hindpaws of rats and responses to analgesic drugs
636. Capsaicin and pain mechanisms
637. Animal models in analgesic testing
638. A pseudoaffective reflex and its spinal path
639. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide synergistically modulate the gain of the nociceptive flexor withdrawal reflex in the rat
640. The evaluation of the analgesic action of pethidine hydrochloride (Demerol)
641. Effect of restraint on drug-induced changes in skin and core temperature in biotelemetered rats
642. Stress-induced analgesia evoked by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline: Evidence for its occurrence in vasopressin deficient rats
643. Antinociceptive effects of ONO-9902, an enkephalinase inhibitor, after visceral stress condition in rats
644. Studies of pain sensation in man: Perception thresholds, rate of stimulus rise and reaction time
645. Influence of formalin concentration on the antinociceptive effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in the formalin test in rats: Separate mechanisms underlying the nociceptive effects of low- and high-concentration formalin
646. Comparisons of dose-dependent effects of systemic morphine on flexion reflex components and operant avoidance responses of awake non-human primates
647. Effects of systemic morphine on responses of primates to first or second pain sensations
648. Nociceptive responses to high and low rates of noxious cutaneous heating are mediated by different nociceptors in the rat: Behavioral evidence
649. Characterization of the foot withdrawal response to noxious radiant heat in the rat
650. Nociceptive responses to high and low rates of noxious cutaneous heating are mediated by different nociceptors in the rat: Electrophysiological evidence
651. Constraints on the tailflick assay: Morphine analgesia and tolerance are dependent upon locus of tail stimulation
652. Evidence for on-off control of heat dissipation from the tail of the rat
653. Involvement of NMDA receptor mechanisms in jaw electromyographic activity and plasma extravasation induced by inflammatory irritant application to temporomandibular joint region of rats
654. Administration of opiate antagonist naloxone induces recurrence of increased jaw muscle activities related to inflammatory irritant application to rat temporomandibular joint region
655. Effects of inflammatory irritant application to the rat temporomandibular joint on jaw and neck muscle activity
656. Low but not high rate noxious radiant skin heating evokes a capsaicin-sensitive increase in spinal cord dorsal horn release of substance P
657. Effect of systemic and intrathecal morphine in a rat model of postoperative pain
658. The relationship between cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems
659. Peripheral and central factors in the pathophysiology of spinal shock
660. A practical guide for the use of animal models in the study of neuropathic pain
661. Effects of hot plate temperature on the antinociceptive activity of mixed opioid agonist-antagonist compounds
662. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals
663. Behavioural investigations of pain in animals