Role of estrogen receptor beta in estrogen action

Annual Review of Physiology

Volumn 63, Issue , 2001, Pages 165-192

  Pettersson, K ^a   Gustafsson, J A ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Mammary gland; Phytoestrogen; Prostate; SERM

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; AROMATASE; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CHAPERONE; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYCLINE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; HISTONE; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; IMMUNOPHILIN; SEX HORMONE; STEROID RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR 1;

BRAIN; BREAST; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DNA BINDING; ESTROGEN ACTIVITY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; LIGAND BINDING; MAMMARY GLAND; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OVARY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE; REVIEW; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKELETON; TESTIS; UTERUS;

ANIMALS; BREAST; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATE; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN;

EID: 0035050785     PISSN: 00664278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.165     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Basic guides to the mechanism of estrogen action
2. Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: Sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A
3. Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA
4. Structure and function of estrogen receptors
5. Cloning of a novel estrogen receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary
6. Oestrogen receptors - An overview
7. Estrogen receptors: How do they control reproductive and nonreproductive functions?
8. Evolution of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily
9. Control of transcription by steroid hormones
10. Anatomy of the steroid receptor zinc finger region
11. Differential recognition of target genes by nuclear receptor monomers, dimers, and heterodimers
12. Three amino acids of the oestrogen receptor are essential to its ability to distinguish an oestrogen from a glucocorticoid-responsive element
13. Nuclear receptors. Lonesome orphans
14. Solution structure of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain
15. Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor
16. Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA
17. The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: How receptors discriminate between their response elements
18. Dimerizing the estrogen receptor DNA binding domain enhances binding to estrogen response elements
19. Human estrogen receptor beta-gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern
20. ERbeta - Identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor
21. Identification of estrogen receptor beta2, a functional variant of estrogen receptor beta expressed in normal rat tissues
22. Cloning, chromosomaal localization, and functional analysis of the murine estrogen receptorβ
23. Identification of a splice variant of the rat estrogen receptor beta gene
24. Functional analysis of a novel estrogen receptor-beta isoform
25. Expression of estrogen receptor beta1, beta2, and beta5 messenger RNAs in human breast tissue
26. A novel isoform of rat estrogen receptor beta with 18 amino acid insertion in the ligand binding domain as a putative dominant negative regular of estrogen action
27. The complete primary structure of human estrogen receptor beta (hER beta) and its heterodimerization with ER alpha in vivo and in vitro
28. Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta
29. Ligand-independent activation of the estrogen receptors alpha and beta by mutations of a conserved tyrosine can be abolished by antiestrogens
30. Agonistic effect of tamoxifen is dependent on the cell type, ERE-promoter context, and estrogen receptor subtype: Functional difference between estrogen receptors α and β
31. Differential response of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta to partial estrogen agonists/antagonists
32. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta
33. A canonical structure for the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors
34. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the estrogen receptor
35. The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen
36. Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains
37. Structure of the ligand-binding domain of oestrogen receptor beta in the presence of a partial agonist and a full antagonist
38. Crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain of the human nuclear receptor RXR-alpha
39. Crystal structure of the RAR-gamma ligand-binding domain bound to all-trans retinoic acid
40. A structural role for hormone in the thyroid hormone receptor
41. The coregulator exchange in transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors
42. Nuclear receptor coregulators: Cellular and molecular biology
43. AF-2 activity and recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator 1 to the estrogen receptor depend on a lysine residue conserved in nuclear receptors
44. Structure and specificity of nuclear receptor-coactivator interactions
45. Molecular determinants of the estrogen receptor-coactivator interface
46. Determinants of coactivator LXXLL motif specificity in nuclear receptor transcriptional activation
47. A transcriptional coactivator, steroid receptor coactivator-3, selectively augments steroid receptor transcriptional activity
48. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase
49. The transcriptional co-activator p/CIP binds CBP and mediates nuclear-receptor function
50. Control of cAMP-regulated enhancers by the viral transactivator Tax through CREB and the co-activator CBP
51. p300 and estrogen receptor cooperatively activate transcription via differential enhancement of initiation and reinitiation
52. p300 is a component of an estrogen receptor coactivator complex
53. The receptorassociated coactivator 3 activates transcription through CREB-binding protein recruitment and autoregulation
54. CREB binding protein acts synergistically with Steroid receptor coactivator-1 to enhance steroid receptor-dependent transcription
55. A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors
56. Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor corepressor
57. Mechanism of corepressor binding and release from nuclear hormone receptors
58. Molecular determinants of nuclear receptor-corepressor interaction
59. Coactivator and corepressor regulation of the agonist/antagonist activity of the mixed antiestrogen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen
60. The nuclear corepressors NCoR and SMRT are key regulators of both ligand- and 8-bromocyclic AMP-dependent transcriptional activity of the human progesterone receptor
61. An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors
62. The orphan nuclear receptor SHP inhibits agonist-dependent transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta
63. Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner)
64. The orphan nuclear receptor SHP utilizes conserved LXXLL-related motifs for interactions with ligand-activated estrogen receptors
65. Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms
66. The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase
67. The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CBP are histone acetyltransferases
68. Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300
69. Transcription factor-specific requirements for coactivators and their acetyltransferase functions
70. Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression
71. A complex containing N-CoR, mSin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression
72. Nuclear receptor repression mediated by a complex containing SMRT, mSin3A, and histone deacetylase
73. The 90-kDa molecular chaperone family: Structure, function, and clinical applications. A comprehensive review
74. Steroid receptor interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones
75. Several regions of human estrogen receptor are involved in the formation of receptor-heat shock protein 90 complexes
76. Signal transduction by steroid hormones: Nuclear localization is differentially regulated in estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors
77. Human estrogen receptor transactivational capacity is determined by both cellular and promoter context and mediated by two functionally distinct intramolecular regions
78. Different regions in activation function-1 of the human estrogen receptor required for antiestrogen- and estradiol-dependent transcription activation
79. Tripartite steroid hormone receptor pharmacology-interaction with multiple effector sites as a basis for the cell- and promoter-specific action of these hormones
80. Two transcription activation functions in the amino terminus of the mouse estrogen receptor that are affected by the carboxy terminus
81. Ligand-dependent, transcriptionally productive association of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of a steroid hormone nuclear receptor
82. Estrogen receptors α andβ form heterodimers on DNA
83. Roles of estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression in reproduction-related behaviors in female mice
84. Mouse estrogen receptor β forms estrogen response element-binding heterodimers with estrogen receptor α
85. Analysis of estrogen receptor transcriptional enhancement by a nuclear hormone receptor coactivator
86. A comparison of transcriptional activation by ER alpha and ER beta
87. Ligand-independent recruitment of SRC-1 to estrogen receptor beta through phosphorylation of activation function AF-1
88. The estrogen receptor enhances AP-1 activity by two distinct mechanisms with different requirements for receptor transactivation functions
89. Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites
90. Estrogen receptor beta activates the human retinoic acid receptor alpha-1 promoter in response to tamoxifen and other estrogen receptor antagonists, but not in response to estrogen
91. Transcriptional regulation of the human quinone reductase gene by antiestrogen-liganded estrogen receptoralpha and estrogen receptor-beta
92. Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors increases the functional diversity of corticosteroid action
93. Human estrogen receptor beta binds DNA in a manner similar to and dimerizes with estrogen receptor alpha
94. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts contain functional estrogen receptors
95. Expression of oestrogen receptor alpha and beta in rat heart - Role of local oestrogen synthesis
96. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the rodent mammary gland
97. Dominant activity of activation function 1 (AF-1) and differential stoichiometric requirements for AF-1 and -2 in the estrogen receptor alpha-beta heterodimeric complex
98. Cross-inhibition of both estrogen receptor alpha and beta pathways by each dominant negative mutant
99. The estrogen receptor beta-isoform (ERbeta) of the human estrogen receptor modulates ERalpha transcriptional activity and is a key regulator of the cellular response to estrogens and antiestrogens
100. A novel human estrogen receptor beta: Identification and functional analysis of additional N-terminal amino acids
101. Molecular cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor betacx: A potential inhibitor of estrogen action in human
102. Cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor beta isoforms
103. Ligand-independent activation of steroid receptors: New roles for old players
104. Ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors
105. Phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor on tyrosine 537 in vivo and by src family tyrosine kinases in vitro
106. Constitutively active human estrogen receptors containing amino acid substitutions for tyrosine 537 in the receptor protein
107. Mechanistic aspects of estrogen receptor activation probed with constitutively active estrogen receptors: Correlations with DNA and coregulator interactions and receptor conformational changes
108. Ligand-independent activation of the oestrogen receptor by mutation of a conserved tyrosine
109. Coactivator peptides have a differential stabilizing effect on the binding of estrogens and antiestrogens with the estrogen receptor
110. Activation of the unliganded estrogen receptor by EGF involves the MAP kinase pathway and direct phosphorylation
111. Activation of the estrogen receptor through phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase
112. Estradiol-induced phosphorylation of serine 118 in the estrogen receptor is in-dependent of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase
113. Growth response of breast epithelial cells to estrogen is influenced by EGF
114. Coupling of dual signaling pathways: Epidermal growth factor action involves the estrogen receptor
115. Physiological coupling of growth factor and steroid receptor signaling pathways: Estrogen receptor knockout mice lack estrogen-like response to epidermal growth factor
116. Role of epidermal growth factor in the acquisition of ovarian steroid hormone responsiveness in the normal mouse mammary gland
117. Serine 167 is the major estradiol-induced phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor
118. pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of Ser-167
119. Characterization of ligand-dependent phosphorylation of the estrogen receptor
120. Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor-mediated transcription by estradiol and protein kinase activators
121. Alteration in the agonist/antagonist balance of antiestrogens by activation of protein kinase A signaling pathways in breast cancer cells: Antiestrogen selectivity and promoter dependence
122. Two separate mechanisms for ligand-independent activation of the estrogen receptor
123. Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor alpha by protein kinase A regulates dimerization
124. Estrogen-induced activation of Cdk4 and Cdk2 during G1-S phase progression is accompanied by increased cyclin D1 expression and decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor association with cyclin E-Cdk2
125. Cyclin D1 stimulation of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity independent of cdk4
126. CDK-independent activation of estrogen receptor by cyclin D1
127. Ligand-independent recruitment of steroid receptor coactivators to estrogen receptor by cyclin D
128. Expression and amplification of cyclin genes in human breast cancer
129. Estrogen induction of the cyclin D1 promoter: Involvement of a cAMP response-like element
130. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin A-CDK2 complex
131. Regulation of estrogen receptor transcriptional enhancement by the cyclin A/Cdk2 complex
132. Alternatives to the use of estrogen in postmenopausal women
133. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system
134. Estrogen receptors in human nontarget tissues: Biological and clinical implications
135. The potential roles of estrogens in regulating Leydig cell development and function: A review
136. Estrogen receptor-beta: Implications for the prostate gland
137. Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor beta in human tissues
138. Expression of oestrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) in multiple rat tissues visualised by immunohistochemistry
139. Differential immunolocalization of estrogen receptor α and β in rat ovary and uterus
140. Characterization of estrogen receptor β mRNA and protein expression in rat granulosa cells
141. Differential expression of estrogen receptor and estrogen receptor a in the rat ovary
142. Estrogen receptor-beta mRNA expression in rat ovary-town-regulation by gonadotropins
143. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha and-beta mRNA in the rat central nervous system
144. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ER-beta) mRNA in the rat pituitary, gonad, and reproductive tract
145. Estrogen receptor mRNA in the pituitary gland
146. Oestrogen deficiency in men: Where are we today?
147. Characterization of mice deficient in aromatase (ArKO) because of targeted disruption of the cyp19 gene
148. Disruption of sexual behavior in male aromatase-deficient mice lacking exons 1 and 2 of the cyp19 gene
149. Impairment of spermatogenesis in mice lacking a functional aromatase (cyp 19) gene
150. Estrogen receptor null mice: What have we learned and where will they lead us?
151. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man
152. Prevention of the polycystic ovarian phenotype and characterization of ovulatory capacity in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse
153. Mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in estrogen receptor knock out mice
154. A role for oestrogens in the male reproductive system
155. Behavioral effects of estrogen receptor gene disruption in male mice
156. Reversal of sex roles in genetic female mice by disruption of estrogen receptor gene
157. Estrogen receptors are essential for female sexual receptivity
158. Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta
159. ERβ, a modulator of ERα in the uterus
160. Postnatal sex reversal of the ovaries in mice lacking estrogen receptors
161. The camparative pathology of human and mouse mammary glands
162. Growth factors in breast cancer
163. Estrogen receptor-negative epithelial cells in mouse mammary gland development and growth
164. Murine progesterone receptor expression in proliferating mammary epithelial cells during normal pubertal development and adult estrous cycle. Association with ERalpha and ERbeta status
165. Expression of estrogen receptor-beta in human breast tumors
166. Estrogen receptor-beta messenger RNA expression in human breast tumor biopsies: Relationship to steroid receptor status and regulation by progestins
167. Altered estrogen receptor alpha and beta messenger RNA expression during human breast tumorigenesis
168. Oestrogen receptor: A stable phenotype in breast cancer
169. Messenger ribonucleic acid in situ hybridization analysis of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human breast carcinoma
170. Increased expression of estrogen receptor beta mRNA in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients
171. Coexpression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta: Poor prognostic factors in human breast cancer?
172. Expression of estrogen receptor beta messenger RNA variant in breast cancer
173. Expression and regulation of estrogen receptor beta in human breast tumors and cell lines
174. Estrogen receptors and cell proliferation in breast cancer
175. Acquired estrogen independence and antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer