Antioxidants for CNS ischaemia and trauma

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 987-997

  Ringel, F ^a   Schmid Elsaesser, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Cerebral ischaemia; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Spinal cord injuries; Spinal cord ischaemia; Traumatic brain injuries

Indexed keywords

2 AMINOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; 2,6 DI TERT BUTYL 4 [(ETHYLAMINO)METHYL]PHENOL; 5,5 DIMETHYL 1 PYRROLINE 1 OXIDE; 6,7,8,9 TETRAHYDRO 9 (2 MORPHOLINOETHYL) 2,4 BIS(1 PYRROLIDINYL) 5H PYRIMIDO[4,5 B]INDOLE; AMINOGUANIDINE; ANTIOXIDANT; BUCINDOLOL; CARVEDILOL; DIHYDROQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; EBSELEN; ESTROGEN DERIVATIVE; ESTRONE DERIVATIVE; INDOLIZINE DERIVATIVE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; N TERT BUTYL ALPHA (4 PYRIDYL 1 OXIDE) NITRONE; N TERT BUTYL ALPHA PHENYLNITRONE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; PROPRANOLOL; PYRIDONE DERIVATIVE; PYRROLOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TIMONACIC DERIVATIVE; TIRILAZAD;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BRAIN INJURY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG TARGETING; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; ISCHEMIA; LIPID OXIDATION; MOUSE; NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RAT; REVIEW; SPIN TRAPPING; SPINAL CORD INJURY; STROKE; TISSUE INJURY;

EID: 0034976417     PISSN: 13543776     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/13543776.11.6.987     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study
2. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view
3. Free radicals and brain damage
4. Free radical pathways in CNS injury
5. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species after permanent and reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
6. Free radicals and the pathogenesis of neuronal death: Cooperative role of excitatory amino acids
7. The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen
8. Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain
9. Glutamate neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells: A major role for xanthine oxidase in oxygen radical formation
10. Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen in lipid peroxidation by a xanthine oxidase system
11. Prostaglandins, arachidonic acid and inflammation
12. Overexpression of SOD1 in transgenic rats protects vulnerable neurons against ischemic damage after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
13. Reduction of CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation after transient focal cerebral ischemia
14. Attenuation of acute and chronic damage following traumatic brain injury in copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice
15. Nitric oxide-mediated damage in the brain: Mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases
16. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase prevents neural apoptosis and reduces ischemic brain injury: Suppression of peroxynitrite production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction
17. Reactive oxygen species and the central nervous system
18. Lipid peroxides in the free radical pathophysiology of brain diseases
19. Nitric oxide synthases in mammals
20. Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology
21. Intraluminal increase of superoxide anion following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
22. Anoxic injury of endothelial cells increases production of nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals
23. Apoptosis vs. nonapoptotic cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide
24. Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures
25. Oxidative stress in brain ischemia
26. Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion and can operate as a ROS scavenger and as a respiratory substrate in cerebellar neurons undergoing excitotoxic death
27. The cytosolic antioxidant copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase prevents the early release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in ischemic brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice
28. Oxugen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion
29. Delayed reduction of ischemic brain injury and neurological deficits in mice lacking the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene
30. Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase
31. Effects of L-NAME and 7-NI on NOS catalytic activity and behavioral outcome eafter traumatic brain injury in the rat
32. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase ameliorates cerebral ischemic damage
33. The selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, 7-nitroindazole, reduces the delayed neuronal damage due to forebrain ischemia in rats
34. Role of nitric oxide in the secondary expansion of a cortical brain lesion from cold injury
35. Amelioration of mitochondrial function by a novel antioxidant U-101033 E following traumatic brain injury in rats
36. Pyrrolopyrimidines: Novel brain-penetrating antioxidants with neuroprotective activity in brain injury and ischemia models
37. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in membrane phospholipid breakdown and energy perturbation after traumatic brain injury in the rat
38. Therapeutic potential of the lazaroids (21-aminosteroids) in acute central nervous system trauma, ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage
39. Pretreatment with alpha-phenyl-N-tertbutyl-nitrone (PBN) improves energy metabolism after spinal cord injury in rats
40. Effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F and methylprednisolone on motor function recovery and oedema after spinal cord compression in rats
41. The neuroprotective efficacy of ebselen (a glutathione peroxidase mimic) on brain damage induced by transient focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat
42. The antioxidant LY23167 reduces global ischemic neuronal injury in rats
43. Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats
44. Gender differences in acute CNS trauma and stroke: Neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone
45. Neuroprotection by estrogens in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia and in cultured neurons: Evidence for a receptor-independent antioxidative mechanism
46. The antioxidant neuroprotective effects of estrogens and phenolic compounds are independent from their estrogenic properties
47. Neuroprotective effects of the novel brain-penetrating antioxidant U-101033E and the spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN)
48. Neuroprotection by 2-h postischemia administration of two free radical scavengers, alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and N-tert-butyl-(2-sulfophenyl)-nitrone (S-PBN), in rats subjected to focal embolic cerebral ischemia
49. Protection against oxidative damage to CNS by alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and other spin-trapping agents: A novel series of nonlipid free radical scavengers
50. Oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury in rats: Quantitation of biomarkers and detection of free radical intermediates
51. Nitrone-based free radical traps as neuroprotective agents in cerebral ischaemia and other pathologies
52. Mercaptoethylguanidine and guanidine inhibitors of nitric-oxide synthase react with peroxynitrite and protect against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage
53. Neuroprotective effects of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive agent, in cultured rat cerebellar neurons and in gerbil global brain ischemia
54. Improved neurological outcome in experimental focal cerebral ischemia treated with propranolol
55. A nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase with therapeutic activity in rats
56. A study on superoxide dismutase activity of some model compounds
57. Manganic porphyrins possess catalase activity and protect endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-mediated injury
58. Exogenously incorporated ketocarotenoids in large unilamellar vesicles. Protective activity against peroxidation
59. New quinolinic derivatives as centrally active antioxidants
60. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation mediated by indolizines
61. 4-(1-Naphthylamino)-piperidines as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation
62. Delayed treatment with AM-36, a novel neuroprotective agent, reduces neuronal damage after endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion in conscious rats
63. Compounds that induced isoforms of glutathione S-transferase with properties of a critical enzyme in defense against oxidative stress
64. Indole-3-propionate: A potent hydroxyl radical scavenger in rat brain
65. Selective targeting of an antioxidant to mitochondria
66. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new 8-amino-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives as neuroprotective antioxidants
67. Neuroprotection as initial therapy in acute stroke - Third report of an Ad Hoc Consensus Group Meeting
68. Emerging treatments for stroke in humans
69. Neuroprotective efficacy of combination therapy with two different antioxidants in rats subjected to transient focal ischemia
70. Synergistic protective effects of antioxidant and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in transient focal ischemia
71. Superior neuroprotective efficacy of a novel antioxidant (U-101033E) with improved blood-brain barrier permeability in focal cerebral ischemia
72. Neuroprotective effects of combination therapy with tirilazad and magnesium in rats subjected to reversible focal cerebral ischemia
73. Combination drug therapy and mild hypothermia: A promising treatment stratergy for reversible focal cerebral ischemia