메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 163-172

Neuroprotective effects of combination therapy with tirilazad and magnesium in rats subjected to reversible focal cerebral ischemia

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia; Cerebral protection; Cerebrovascular surgery; Magnesium; Tirilazad mesylate

Indexed keywords

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; TIRILAZAD;

EID: 0032904206     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199901000-00100     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0028870990 scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextrorphan in patients with acute stroke
    • Albers GW, Atkinson RP, Kelley RE, Rosenbaum DM: Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextrorphan in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 26: 254-258, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 254-258
    • Albers, G.W.1    Atkinson, R.P.2    Kelley, R.E.3    Rosenbaum, D.M.4
  • 2
    • 0020888644 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in ischemia, hallucinogen ingestion, and hypomagnesemia: Barbiturates, calcium antagonists, and magnesium
    • Altura BM, Altura BT: Pharmacologic inhibition of cerebral vasospasm in ischemia, hallucinogen ingestion, and hypomagnesemia: Barbiturates, calcium antagonists, and magnesium. Am J Emerg Med 1:180-190, 1983.
    • (1983) Am J Emerg Med , vol.1 , pp. 180-190
    • Altura, B.M.1    Altura, B.T.2
  • 3
    • 0021697621 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of Mg and K on cerebral vessels: Aspects in view of stroke - Review of present status and new findings
    • Altura BT, Altura BM: Interactions of Mg and K on cerebral vessels: Aspects in view of stroke - Review of present status and new findings. Magnesium 3:195-211, 1984.
    • (1984) Magnesium , vol.3 , pp. 195-211
    • Altura, B.T.1    Altura, B.M.2
  • 4
    • 0026665802 scopus 로고
    • Polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuate increased blood brain barrier permeability after ischemia in piglets
    • Armstead WM, Mirro R, Thelin OP, Shibata M, Zuckerman SL, Shanklin DR, Busija DW, Leffler CW: Polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuate increased blood brain barrier permeability after ischemia in piglets. Stroke 23:755-762, 1992.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 755-762
    • Armstead, W.M.1    Mirro, R.2    Thelin, O.P.3    Shibata, M.4    Zuckerman, S.L.5    Shanklin, D.R.6    Busija, D.W.7    Leffler, C.W.8
  • 5
    • 0030863206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of combined glutamate and platelet-activating factor inhibition on the outcome of focal cerebral ischaemia: An initial screening study
    • Aspey BS, Alp MS, Patel Y, Harrison MJ: Effects of combined glutamate and platelet-activating factor inhibition on the outcome of focal cerebral ischaemia: An initial screening study. Metab Brain Dis 12:237-249, 1997.
    • (1997) Metab Brain Dis , vol.12 , pp. 237-249
    • Aspey, B.S.1    Alp, M.S.2    Patel, Y.3    Harrison, M.J.4
  • 6
    • 0028941043 scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with U74006F (tirilazad mesylate), MK-801, insulin and diazepam in transient forebrain ischaemia
    • Auer RN: Combination therapy with U74006F (tirilazad mesylate), MK-801, insulin and diazepam in transient forebrain ischaemia. Neurol Res 17:132-136, 1995.
    • (1995) Neurol Res , vol.17 , pp. 132-136
    • Auer, R.N.1
  • 7
    • 0030271381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with MK-801 and alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone enhances protection against ischemic neuronal damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
    • Barth A, Barth L, Newell DW: Combination therapy with MK-801 and alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone enhances protection against ischemic neuronal damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Exp Neurol 141:330-336, 1996.
    • (1996) Exp Neurol , vol.141 , pp. 330-336
    • Barth, A.1    Barth, L.2    Newell, D.W.3
  • 8
    • 0029034264 scopus 로고
    • Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat
    • Bederson JB, Germano IM, Guarino L: Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat. Stroke 26:1086-1091, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1086-1091
    • Bederson, J.B.1    Germano, I.M.2    Guarino, L.3
  • 9
    • 0022483434 scopus 로고
    • Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: Evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination
    • Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsuji M, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski H: Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: Evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke 17:472-476, 1986.
    • (1986) Stroke , vol.17 , pp. 472-476
    • Bederson, J.B.1    Pitts, L.H.2    Tsuji, M.3    Nishimura, M.C.4    Davis, R.L.5    Bartkowski, H.6
  • 10
    • 0029839695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat by intraluminal suture: Neurological and pathological evaluation of an improved model
    • Belayev L, Alonso OF, Busto R, Zhao W, Ginsberg MD: Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat by intraluminal suture: Neurological and pathological evaluation of an improved model. Stroke 27:1616-1623, 1996.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1616-1623
    • Belayev, L.1    Alonso, O.F.2    Busto, R.3    Zhao, W.4    Ginsberg, M.D.5
  • 11
    • 0026799381 scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal brain blood flow in preeclampsia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Belfort MA, Moise KJ Jr: Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal brain blood flow in preeclampsia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:661-666, 1992.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.167 , pp. 661-666
    • Belfort, M.A.1    Moise K.J., Jr.2
  • 12
    • 0024549891 scopus 로고
    • Effects of elevated plasma magnesium versus calcium on cerebral ischemic injury in rats
    • Blair JL, Warner DS, Todd MM: Effects of elevated plasma magnesium versus calcium on cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Stroke 20:507-512, 1989.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 507-512
    • Blair, J.L.1    Warner, D.S.2    Todd, M.M.3
  • 13
    • 0024518123 scopus 로고
    • The 21-aminosteroids: Potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation for the treatment of central nervous system trauma and ischemia
    • Braughler JM, Hall ED, Jacobsen EJ, McCall JM, Means ED: The 21-aminosteroids: Potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation for the treatment of central nervous system trauma and ischemia. Drugs Future 14:143-152, 1989.
    • (1989) Drugs Future , vol.14 , pp. 143-152
    • Braughler, J.M.1    Hall, E.D.2    Jacobsen, E.J.3    McCall, J.M.4    Means, E.D.5
  • 14
    • 0025039488 scopus 로고
    • Effects of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on regional cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery ligation in the rat
    • Chi OZ, Pollak P, Weiss HR: Effects of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on regional cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery ligation in the rat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 304:196-205, 1990.
    • (1990) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.304 , pp. 196-205
    • Chi, O.Z.1    Pollak, P.2    Weiss, H.R.3
  • 15
    • 0026497926 scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic cell death
    • Choi DW: Excitotoxic cell death. J Neurobiol 23:1261-1276, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurobiol , vol.23 , pp. 1261-1276
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 16
    • 0031036086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel antioxidant and antiexcitotoxic therapy improves outcome after incomplete global cerebral ischemia in dogs
    • Davis S, Helfaer MA, Traystman RJ, Hurn PD: Parallel antioxidant and antiexcitotoxic therapy improves outcome after incomplete global cerebral ischemia in dogs. Stroke 28:198-204, 1997.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 198-204
    • Davis, S.1    Helfaer, M.A.2    Traystman, R.J.3    Hurn, P.D.4
  • 17
    • 0023889707 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia enlarges infarct size in cerebrovascular occlusion in cats
    • de Courten-Myers GM, Myers RE, Schoolfield L: Hyperglycemia enlarges infarct size in cerebrovascular occlusion in cats. Stroke 19:623-630, 1988.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 623-630
    • De Courten-Myers, G.M.1    Myers, R.E.2    Schoolfield, L.3
  • 19
    • 0028938443 scopus 로고
    • Blockers of NMDA-operated channels decrease glutamate and aspartate extracellular accumulation in striatum during forebrain ischaemia in rats
    • Ghribi O, Callebert J, Verrecchia C, Plotkine M, Boulu RG: Blockers of NMDA-operated channels decrease glutamate and aspartate extracellular accumulation in striatum during forebrain ischaemia in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 9:141-146, 1995.
    • (1995) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 141-146
    • Ghribi, O.1    Callebert, J.2    Verrecchia, C.3    Plotkine, M.4    Boulu, R.G.5
  • 20
    • 0028500548 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)/Kainate antagonists and their role in cerebral ischemia
    • Gill R: The pharmacology of a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA)/Kainate antagonists and their role in cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 6:225-256, 1994.
    • (1994) Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev , vol.6 , pp. 225-256
    • Gill, R.1
  • 21
    • 0027285145 scopus 로고
    • Temperature modulation of ischemic brain injury: A synthesis of recent advances
    • Ginsberg MD, Globus MYT, Dietrich WD, Busto R: Temperature modulation of ischemic brain injury: A synthesis of recent advances. Prog Brain Res 96:13-22, 1993.
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.96 , pp. 13-22
    • Ginsberg, M.D.1    Globus, M.Y.T.2    Dietrich, W.D.3    Busto, R.4
  • 22
    • 0028921447 scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of the glutamate antagonist CGS 19755 (Selfotel) in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Results of a phase IIa randomized trial
    • Grotta J, Clark W, Coull B, Pettigrew LC, Mackay B, Goldstein LB, Meissner I, Murphy D, Larue L: Safety and tolerability of the glutamate antagonist CGS 19755 (Selfotel) in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Results of a phase IIa randomized trial. Stroke 26:602-605, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 602-605
    • Grotta, J.1    Clark, W.2    Coull, B.3    Pettigrew, L.C.4    Mackay, B.5    Goldstein, L.B.6    Meissner, I.7    Murphy, D.8    Larue, L.9
  • 23
    • 0029433307 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in central nervous system trauma and ischemia
    • Hall ED: Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in central nervous system trauma and ischemia. J Neurol Sci 134[Suppl]:79-83, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurol Sci , vol.134 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 79-83
    • Hall, E.D.1
  • 24
    • 0023926783 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of postischemic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F
    • Hall ED, Yonkers PA: Attenuation of postischemic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F. Stroke 19:340-344, 1988.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 340-344
    • Hall, E.D.1    Yonkers, P.A.2
  • 25
    • 0028187682 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of the lazaroids (21-aminosteroids) in acute central nervous system trauma, ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Hall ED, McCall JM, Means ED: Therapeutic potential of the lazaroids (21-aminosteroids) in acute central nervous system trauma, ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adv Pharmacol 28:221-268, 1994.
    • (1994) Adv Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 221-268
    • Hall, E.D.1    McCall, J.M.2    Means, E.D.3
  • 26
    • 0025945939 scopus 로고
    • Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase fails to blunt postischemic reactive hyperemia
    • Helfaer MA, Kirsch JR, Haun SE, Moore LE, Traystman RJ: Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase fails to blunt postischemic reactive hyperemia. Am J Physiol 261:H548-H553, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.261
    • Helfaer, M.A.1    Kirsch, J.R.2    Haun, S.E.3    Moore, L.E.4    Traystman, R.J.5
  • 28
    • 0021635585 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium: Nature's physiologic calcium blocker
    • Iseri LT, French JH: Magnesium: Nature's physiologic calcium blocker. Am Heart J 108:188-193, 1984.
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.108 , pp. 188-193
    • Iseri, L.T.1    French, J.H.2
  • 29
    • 0026091467 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Izumi Y, Roussel S, Pinard E, Seylaz J: Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:1025-1030, 1991.
    • (1991) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.11 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Izumi, Y.1    Roussel, S.2    Pinard, E.3    Seylaz, J.4
  • 30
    • 0027979671 scopus 로고
    • Delayed induction of mild hypothermia to reduce infarct volume after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Karibe H, Chen J, Zarow GJ, Graham SH, Weinstein PR: Delayed induction of mild hypothermia to reduce infarct volume after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Neurosurg 80:112-119, 1994.
    • (1994) J Neurosurg , vol.80 , pp. 112-119
    • Karibe, H.1    Chen, J.2    Zarow, G.J.3    Graham, S.H.4    Weinstein, P.R.5
  • 31
    • 0028109443 scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant tirilazad does not affect cerebral blood flow or histopathologic changes following severe ischemia in rats
    • Karlsson BR, Loberg EM, Grogaard B, Steen PA: The antioxidant tirilazad does not affect cerebral blood flow or histopathologic changes following severe ischemia in rats. Acta Neurol Scand 90:256-262, 1994.
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.90 , pp. 256-262
    • Karlsson, B.R.1    Loberg, E.M.2    Grogaard, B.3    Steen, P.A.4
  • 32
    • 0023701305 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and cobalt, not nimodipine, protect neurons against anoxic damage in the rat hippocampal slice
    • Kass IS, Cottrell JE, Chambers G: Magnesium and cobalt, not nimodipine, protect neurons against anoxic damage in the rat hippocampal slice. Anesthesiology 69:710-715, 1988.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.69 , pp. 710-715
    • Kass, I.S.1    Cottrell, J.E.2    Chambers, G.3
  • 34
    • 0002254106 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema: 1 - A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area
    • Koizumi J, Yoshida Y, Nakazawa T, Ooneda G: Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema: 1 - A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area. Jpn J Stroke 8:1-8, 1986.
    • (1986) Jpn J Stroke , vol.8 , pp. 1-8
    • Koizumi, J.1    Yoshida, Y.2    Nakazawa, T.3    Ooneda, G.4
  • 35
    • 0026128356 scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose level and morphological brain damage following cerebral ischemia
    • Marie C, Bralet J: Blood glucose level and morphological brain damage following cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 3:29-38, 1991.
    • (1991) Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev , vol.3 , pp. 29-38
    • Marie, C.1    Bralet, J.2
  • 36
    • 0029991515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia
    • Marinov MB, Harbaugh KS, Hoopes PJ, Pikus HJ, Harbaugh RE: Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 85:117-124, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 117-124
    • Marinov, M.B.1    Harbaugh, K.S.2    Hoopes, P.J.3    Pikus, H.J.4    Harbaugh, R.E.5
  • 37
    • 0028801639 scopus 로고
    • Tirilazad pretreatment improves early cerebral metabolic and blood flow recovery from hyperglycemic ischemia
    • Maruki Y, Koehler RC, Kirsch JR, Blizzard KK, Traystman RJ: Tirilazad pretreatment improves early cerebral metabolic and blood flow recovery from hyperglycemic ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15:88-96, 1995.
    • (1995) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.15 , pp. 88-96
    • Maruki, Y.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Kirsch, J.R.3    Blizzard, K.K.4    Traystman, R.J.5
  • 38
    • 0024503446 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury
    • McIntosh TK, Vink R, Yamakami I, Faden AI: Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury. Brain Res 482:252-260, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.482 , pp. 252-260
    • McIntosh, T.K.1    Vink, R.2    Yamakami, I.3    Faden, A.I.4
  • 39
    • 0028118397 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium and its therapeutic uses: A review
    • McLean RM: Magnesium and its therapeutic uses: A review. Am J Med 96:63-76, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.96 , pp. 63-76
    • McLean, R.M.1
  • 40
    • 0028812335 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia nullifies the ameliorating effect of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) in focal cerebral ischemia
    • Memezawa H, Zhao Q, Smith ML, Siesjö BK: Hyperthermia nullifies the ameliorating effect of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) in focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 670:48-52, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.670 , pp. 48-52
    • Memezawa, H.1    Zhao, Q.2    Smith, M.L.3    Siesjö, B.K.4
  • 41
    • 0029067191 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke
    • Muir KW, Lees KR: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke. Stroke 26:1183-1188, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1183-1188
    • Muir, K.W.1    Lees, K.R.2
  • 42
    • 0028897733 scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with excitatory amino acid antagonist drugs
    • Muir KW, Lees KR: Clinical experience with excitatory amino acid antagonist drugs. Stroke 26:503-513, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 503-513
    • Muir, K.W.1    Lees, K.R.2
  • 43
    • 0029143932 scopus 로고
    • Perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for in vivo evaluation of treatment with U74389G in a rat stroke model
    • Müller TB, Haraldseth O, Jones RA, Sebastiani G, Lindboe CF, Unsgard G, Oksendal AN: Perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for in vivo evaluation of treatment with U74389G in a rat stroke model. Stroke 26:1453-1458, 1995.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1453-1458
    • Müller, T.B.1    Haraldseth, O.2    Jones, R.A.3    Sebastiani, G.4    Lindboe, C.F.5    Unsgard, G.6    Oksendal, A.N.7
  • 44
    • 0028511270 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the microcirculation during ischemia and reperfusion in the penumbra of a rat model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion: A laser Doppler flowmetry study
    • Müller TB, Haraldseth O, Unsgard G: Characterization of the microcirculation during ischemia and reperfusion in the penumbra of a rat model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion: A laser Doppler flowmetry study. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 14: 289-295, 1994.
    • (1994) Int J Microcirc Clin Exp , vol.14 , pp. 289-295
    • Müller, T.B.1    Haraldseth, O.2    Unsgard, G.3
  • 45
    • 0023787994 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of magnesium salts on reactivity of arterioles and venules to constrictor agents: An in situ study on microcirculation
    • Nishio A, Gebrewold A, Altura BT, Altura BM: Comparative effects of magnesium salts on reactivity of arterioles and venules to constrictor agents: An in situ study on microcirculation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 246:859-865, 1988.
    • (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.246 , pp. 859-865
    • Nishio, A.1    Gebrewold, A.2    Altura, B.T.3    Altura, B.M.4
  • 46
    • 0021260967 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones
    • Nowak L, Bregestovski P, Ascher P, Herbet A, Prochiantz A: Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones. Nature 307:462-465, 1984.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , pp. 462-465
    • Nowak, L.1    Bregestovski, P.2    Ascher, P.3    Herbet, A.4    Prochiantz, A.5
  • 47
    • 0029874223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporary vessel occlusion for aneurysm surgery: Risk factors for stroke in patients protected by induced hypothermia and hypertension and intravenous mannitol administration
    • Ogilvy CS, Carter BS, Kaplan S, Rich C, Crowell RM: Temporary vessel occlusion for aneurysm surgery: Risk factors for stroke in patients protected by induced hypothermia and hypertension and intravenous mannitol administration. J Neurosurg 84:785-791, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.84 , pp. 785-791
    • Ogilvy, C.S.1    Carter, B.S.2    Kaplan, S.3    Rich, C.4    Crowell, R.M.5
  • 48
    • 0029946656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia, hypertension, and mannitol are protective against infarction during experimental intracranial temporary vessel occlusion
    • Ogilvy CS, Chu D, Kaplan S: Mild hypothermia, hypertension, and mannitol are protective against infarction during experimental intracranial temporary vessel occlusion. Neurosurgery 38:1202-1209, 1996.
    • (1996) Neurosurgery , vol.38 , pp. 1202-1209
    • Ogilvy, C.S.1    Chu, D.2    Kaplan, S.3
  • 50
    • 24844457207 scopus 로고
    • Postischemia treatment efficacy and dose-dependency of 21-Aminosteroid U-74006F in focal cerebral infarction
    • abstr
    • Park CK, Hall ED, Hwang JH, Kang JK, Choi CR: Postischemia treatment efficacy and dose-dependency of 21-Aminosteroid U-74006F in focal cerebral infarction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13[Suppl 1]:S144, 1993 (abstr).
    • (1993) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Park, C.K.1    Hall, E.D.2    Hwang, J.H.3    Kang, J.K.4    Choi, C.R.5
  • 51
    • 0028652396 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals and the pathogenesis of neuronal death: Cooperative role of excitatory amino acids
    • Pellegrini-Giampietro DE: Free radicals and the pathogenesis of neuronal death: Cooperative role of excitatory amino acids. Adv Exp Med Biol 366:59-71, 1994.
    • (1994) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.366 , pp. 59-71
    • Pellegrini-Giampietro, D.E.1
  • 53
    • 0024320193 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic and neuropathologic outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Persson L, Hardemark HG, Bolander HG, Hillered L, Olsson Y: Neurologic and neuropathologic outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 20:641-645, 1989.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 641-645
    • Persson, L.1    Hardemark, H.G.2    Bolander, H.G.3    Hillered, L.4    Olsson, Y.5
  • 54
    • 0025737646 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium sulfate reverses experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
    • Ram Z, Sadeh M, Shacked I, Sahar A, Hadani M: Magnesium sulfate reverses experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Stroke 22:922-927, 1991.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 922-927
    • Ram, Z.1    Sadeh, M.2    Shacked, I.3    Sahar, A.4    Hadani, M.5
  • 56
    • 0030685811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between motor impairment and infarct volume after permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
    • Rogers DC, Campbell CA, Stretton JL, Mackay KB: Correlation between motor impairment and infarct volume after permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Stroke 28:2060-2065, 1997.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 2060-2065
    • Rogers, D.C.1    Campbell, C.A.2    Stretton, J.L.3    Mackay, K.B.4
  • 57
    • 0021125414 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death
    • Rothman S: Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death. J Neurosci 4:1884-1891, 1984.
    • (1984) J Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 1884-1891
    • Rothman, S.1
  • 58
    • 0022620257 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
    • Rothman SM, Olney JW: Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Ann Neurol 19:105-111, 1986.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 105-111
    • Rothman, S.M.1    Olney, J.W.2
  • 59
    • 0027333284 scopus 로고
    • 31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro
    • Schanne FA, Gupta RK, Stanton PK: 31P-NMR study of transient ischemia in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1158:257-263, 1993.
    • (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1158 , pp. 257-263
    • Schanne, F.A.1    Gupta, R.K.2    Stanton, P.K.3
  • 60
    • 0031665617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical reevaluation of the intraluminal thread model of focal cerebral ischemia: Evidence of inadvertent premature reperfusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage by laser Doppler flowmetry
    • Schmid-Elsaesser R, Zausinger S, Hungerhuber E, Baethmann A, Reulen HJ: A critical reevaluation of the intraluminal thread model of focal cerebral ischemia: Evidence of inadvertent premature reperfusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage by laser Doppler flowmetry. Stroke 29:2162-2170, 1998.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2162-2170
    • Schmid-Elsaesser, R.1    Zausinger, S.2    Hungerhuber, E.3    Baethmann, A.4    Reulen, H.J.5
  • 61
    • 0030716503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superior neuroprotective efficacy of a novel antioxidant (U-101033E) with improved blood-brain barrier permeability in focal cerebral ischemia
    • Schmid-Elsaesser R, Zausinger S, Hungerhuber E, Plesnila N, Baethmann A, Reulen HJ: Superior neuroprotective efficacy of a novel antioxidant (U-101033E) with improved blood-brain barrier permeability in focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 28:2018-2024, 1997.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 2018-2024
    • Schmid-Elsaesser, R.1    Zausinger, S.2    Hungerhuber, E.3    Plesnila, N.4    Baethmann, A.5    Reulen, H.J.6
  • 63
    • 0023740854 scopus 로고
    • Historical overview: Calcium, ischemia, and death of brain cells
    • Siesjö BK: Historical overview: Calcium, ischemia, and death of brain cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 522:638-661, 1988.
    • (1988) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.522 , pp. 638-661
    • Siesjö, B.K.1
  • 64
    • 0026777223 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia: Part I - Pathophysiology
    • Siesjö BK: Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia: Part I - Pathophysiology. J Neurosurg 77:169-184, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 169-184
    • Siesjö, B.K.1
  • 65
    • 0026782517 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia: Part II - Mechanisms of damage and treatment
    • Siesjö BK: Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia: Part II - Mechanisms of damage and treatment. J Neurosurg 77:337-354, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 337-354
    • Siesjö, B.K.1
  • 67
    • 0029876331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose escalation safety and tolerance study of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan in neurosurgery patients
    • Steinberg GK, Bell TE, Yenari MA: Dose escalation safety and tolerance study of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan in neurosurgery patients. J Neurosurg 84:860-866, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.84 , pp. 860-866
    • Steinberg, G.K.1    Bell, T.E.2    Yenari, M.A.3
  • 68
    • 0030111288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of cytoprotective action of lazaroids I: Inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation and lethal cell injury during periods of energy depletion
    • Taylor BM, Fleming WE, Benjamin CW, Wu Y, Mathews WR, Sun FF: The mechanism of cytoprotective action of lazaroids I: Inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation and lethal cell injury during periods of energy depletion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276: 1224-1231, 1996.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.276 , pp. 1224-1231
    • Taylor, B.M.1    Fleming, W.E.2    Benjamin, C.W.3    Wu, Y.4    Mathews, W.R.5    Sun, F.F.6
  • 69
    • 0027155598 scopus 로고
    • Scavengers of free oxygen radicals in combination with magnesium ameliorate perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the rat
    • Thordstein M, Bagenholm R, Thiringer K, Kjellmer I: Scavengers of free oxygen radicals in combination with magnesium ameliorate perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the rat. Pediatr Res 34:23-26, 1993.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.34 , pp. 23-26
    • Thordstein, M.1    Bagenholm, R.2    Thiringer, K.3    Kjellmer, I.4
  • 70
    • 0023549341 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: A preliminary report
    • Thurnau GR, Kemp DB, Jarvis A: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: A preliminary report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157:1435-1438, 1987.
    • (1987) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.157 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Thurnau, G.R.1    Kemp, D.B.2    Jarvis, A.3
  • 71
    • 0026008909 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion
    • Traystman RJ, Kirsch JR, Koehler RC: Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion. J Appl Physiol 71:1185-1195, 1991.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol , vol.71 , pp. 1185-1195
    • Traystman, R.J.1    Kirsch, J.R.2    Koehler, R.C.3
  • 72
    • 0025923678 scopus 로고
    • 2+ administered up to twenty-four hours following reperfusion prevents ischemic damage of the Ca1 neurons in the rat hippocampus
    • 2+ administered up to twenty-four hours following reperfusion prevents ischemic damage of the Ca1 neurons in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 44:335-341, 1991.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.44 , pp. 335-341
    • Tsuda, T.1    Kogure, K.2    Nishioka, K.3    Watanabe, T.4
  • 73
    • 0030015166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis in neurons: A basis for the pathophysiology of traumatic and ischemic central nervous system injury
    • Tymianski M, Tator CH: Normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis in neurons: A basis for the pathophysiology of traumatic and ischemic central nervous system injury. Neurosurgery 38:1176-1195, 1996.
    • (1996) Neurosurgery , vol.38 , pp. 1176-1195
    • Tymianski, M.1    Tator, C.H.2
  • 74
    • 0021254272 scopus 로고
    • ++ protect against irreversible damage during CNS ischemia
    • ++ protect against irreversible damage during CNS ischemia. Stroke 15:695-698, 1984.
    • (1984) Stroke , vol.15 , pp. 695-698
    • Vacanti, F.X.1    Ames A. III2
  • 75
    • 0028235505 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological endpoints in experimental stroke pharmacotherapy: The importance of both early and late evaluation
    • Wien
    • Valtysson J, Hillered L, Andine P, Hagberg H, Persson L: Neuropathological endpoints in experimental stroke pharmacotherapy: The importance of both early and late evaluation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 129:58-63, 1994.
    • (1994) Acta Neurochir , vol.129 , pp. 58-63
    • Valtysson, J.1    Hillered, L.2    Andine, P.3    Hagberg, H.4    Persson, L.5
  • 76
    • 0026510932 scopus 로고
    • Neurological and behavioral outcomes of focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Wahl F, Allix M, Plotkine M, Boulu RG: Neurological and behavioral outcomes of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 23:267-272, 1992.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 267-272
    • Wahl, F.1    Allix, M.2    Plotkine, M.3    Boulu, R.G.4
  • 77
    • 0029899123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic burst suppression is not required to elicit maximal neuroprotection from pentobarbital in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia
    • Warner DS, Takaoka S, Wu B, Ludwig PS, Pearlstein RD, Brinkhous AD, Dexter F: Electroencephalographic burst suppression is not required to elicit maximal neuroprotection from pentobarbital in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology 84:1475-1484, 1996.
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 1475-1484
    • Warner, D.S.1    Takaoka, S.2    Wu, B.3    Ludwig, P.S.4    Pearlstein, R.D.5    Brinkhous, A.D.6    Dexter, F.7
  • 78
    • 0025172917 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneously applied magnesium protects reliably against quinolinate-induced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurodegeneration and convulsions in rats: Are there therapeutical implications
    • Wolf G, Keilhoff G, Fischer S, Hass P: Subcutaneously applied magnesium protects reliably against quinolinate-induced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurodegeneration and convulsions in rats: Are there therapeutical implications. Neurosci Lett 117:207-211, 1990.
    • (1990) Neurosci Lett , vol.117 , pp. 207-211
    • Wolf, G.1    Keilhoff, G.2    Fischer, S.3    Hass, P.4
  • 79
    • 0026652877 scopus 로고
    • Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Xue D, Slivka A, Buchan AM: Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 23:894-899, 1992.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 894-899
    • Xue, D.1    Slivka, A.2    Buchan, A.M.3
  • 80
    • 0028365406 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia complicates middle cerebral artery occlusion induced by an intraluminal filament
    • Zhao Q, Memezawa H, Smith ML, Siesjö BK: Hyperthermia complicates middle cerebral artery occlusion induced by an intraluminal filament. Brain Res 649:253-259, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.649 , pp. 253-259
    • Zhao, Q.1    Memezawa, H.2    Smith, M.L.3    Siesjö, B.K.4
  • 81
    • 0028863702 scopus 로고
    • Graded hypotension and MCA occlusion duration: Effect in transient focal ischemia
    • Zhu CZ, Auer RN: Graded hypotension and MCA occlusion duration: Effect in transient focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15:980-988, 1995.
    • (1995) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.15 , pp. 980-988
    • Zhu, C.Z.1    Auer, R.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.