The expression, regulation and signal transduction pathways of the mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Volumn 78, Issue 12, 2000, Pages 1029-1052

  Kwai Wa Cheng, ^a   Leung, P C K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Desensitization; Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor; Signal transduction; Transcriptional regulation

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENTARY DNA; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE; GONADORELIN; GONADORELIN RECEPTOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE C; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DNA DETERMINATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GONADOTROPIN RELEASE; HORMONE RECEPTOR INTERACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; SECOND MESSENGER; SEXUAL MATURATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; MAMMALS; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; OVARY; PITUITARY GLAND; PLACENTA; RECEPTORS, LHRH; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0034490989     PISSN: 00084212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-78-12-1029     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (315)

1. Expression cloning of a common receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide from rat oestoblast-like cells: A signal receptor stimulates intracellular accumulation of both cAMP and inositol triphosphate and increases intracellular free calcium
2. The interaction of GATA binding proteins and basal transcription factors with GATA box-containing core promoters. A model of tissue-specific gene expression
3. Down regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by activation of adenylyl cyclase in αT3-1 pituitary gonadotrope cells
4. Isolation and characterization of the 5′-flanking region of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene
5. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene promoter directs pituitary-specific oncogene expression in transgenic mice
6. Gi-mediated activation of p21ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by α2-adrenergic receptors expressed in fibroblasts
7. The human thyrotropin receptor activates G-protein Gs and Gq/11
8. Purification, amino acid composition and N-terminaus of the hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) of ovine origin
9. Rapid desensitization of GnRH-stimulated intracellular signalling events in αT3-1 and HEK-293 cells expressing the GnRH receptor
10. Stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release and phospholipid breakdown by guanosine triphosphate in premeabilized pituitary gonadotropes: Antagonist action suggests association of a G protein and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
11. Activation of multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways by the endothelin B receptor requires the cytoplasmic tail
12. Effects of second intracellular loop mutations on signal transduction and internalization of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
13. Mutation of the conserved DRS motif in the second intracellular loop of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor affect expression, activation and internalization
14. Mediation of cyclic AMP signaling by the first intercellular loop of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
15. The orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1, regulates the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene in pituitary gonadotropes
16. Studies of immunoreactive gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in rat anterior pituitary
17. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the rat ovary during the rat estrous cycles
18. Dynamic regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary gland during the rat estrous cycle
19. Roles of estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the control of pituitary GnRH receptor gene expression at the time of the preovulationary gonadotropins surges
20. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone binds to enriched human placental membranes and stimulates in vitro the synthesis of bioactive human chorionic gonadotropin
21. Dynamics of LHRH binding to human term placental cells from normal and anencephalic gestations
22. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone directly induces apoptotic cell death in the rat ovary: Biochemical and in situ detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in granulosa cells
23. Olfactory desensitization requires membrane targeting of receptor kinase mediated by βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G-protein
24. G proteins and cyclic nucleotides
25. Stimulation of adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in anterior pituitary gland in vitro by synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
26. Fetal expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in rat testis and ovary
27. 2+-independent release of LH
28. Evidence for cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin secretion from female pituitaries
29. Evidence for cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin secretion from male pituitaries
30. Nucleotide sequence analysis predict that human pituitary and human placental gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors have identicalprimary structures
31. Protein kinase C activation stimulates synthesis of gonadotropin releasing hormone-stimulated receptor synthesis
32. Specific binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and an agonist to human corpus luteum homogenates: Characterization, properties, and luteal phase levels
33. Specificity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites of the human corpus luteum: Comparison with receptor of rat pituitary gland
34. Human placental gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) binding sites: I. Characterization, properties and ligand specificity
35. Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the sheep
36. Cloning and sequencing of the sheep pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and change in expression of its mRNA during the estrous cycle
37. The gene encoding the ovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: Cloning and initial characterization
38. Isozyme-selective stimulation of phospholipase C-β2 by G protein βγ-subunits
39. G-protein involvement in receptor-effector coupling
40. Induction of luteolysis in the human with a long-acting analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor
41. Dual intracellular pathways in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) induced desensitization of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion
42. GnRH receptors and actions in the control of reproductive function
43. Coupling of the α2A-adrenegic receptor to multiple G-protein: A simple approach for estimating receptor-G-protein coupling efficiency in a transient expression system
44. A second isoform of gonadotropin-releasing hormone is present in the brain of human and rodents
45. Regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in placental cells
46. Isolation and characterization of the human GnRH receptor
47. G protein-coupled receptors: Heterologous regulation of homologous desensitization and its implications
48. Pituitary receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in relation to changes in pituitary and plasma gonadotropins in ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected ewe. II. A marked rise in receptor number during the acute feedbacks of estradiol
49. Cell-specific expression of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene is conferred by elements residing within 500 bp of proximal 5′-flanking region
50. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Its action and receptors
51. Regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors by gonadal hormones
52. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogoue binds to luteal cells and inhibits progesterone production
53. Regulation of pituitary receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone during the rat estrous cycle
54. Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor regulation in relationship to gonadotropin secretion
55. How MAP kinases are regulated
56. Signaling from G-protein coupled receptors to C-Jun kinase involved βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G protein acting on a Ras and Rac1-dependent pathway
57. Evidence for differential regulation of multiple transcripts of the goandotropin-releasing hormone receptor in ovine pituitary gland; effect of estrogen
58. The arrestin superfamily: Cone arrestins are a fourth family
59. Sequence of two gonadotropin releasing hormone from tunicate suggest an important role of conformation in receptor activation
60. Ras-dependent activation of MAP-kinase pathway mediated by G-protein beta gamma subunits
61. Human placental receptor for lutinizing hormone releasing hormone
62. Receptor and G betagamma isoform-specific interactions with G protein-coupled receptor kinases
63. Absence of rapid desensitization of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
64. Identifiation of N-glycosylation sites in the gonadotropin-releasing hormoen receptor: Role in receptor expression but not ligand binding
65. Incorporation of an additional glycosylation site enhances expression of functional human gonadotorpin-releasing receptor
66. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway
67. G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK2 is a phospholipid-dependent enzyme that can be conditionally activated by G protein betagamma subunits
68. Rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expressed in insert cells induces activation of adenylyl cyclase
69. Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G-protein coupled receptor. Convergence of Gi and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pky2, and Src kinase
70. Several hypothalamic peptides stimulate in vitro thyrotropin secretion by pituitaries of anuran amphibians
71. The tripartite basal enhancer of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene promoter regulates cell-specific expression through a novel GnRH receptor activating sequence
72. Is gonadotrope expression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene mediated by autocrine/paracrine stimulation of an activin response element?
73. Association of Sos Ras exchange protein with Grb2 is implicated in tyrosine kniase signal transduction and transformation
74. Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor
75. Modulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor concentration in cultured female rat pituitary cells by estradiol treatment
76. Effects of progesterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor concentration in cultured estrogen-primed female rat pitutary cells
77. Differential regualtion of Raf-1 and B-raf and Ras-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by cyclic AMP in PC12 cells
78. Human placental LHRH receptor: Agonist and antagonist labelling produces difference in the size of the nondenatured, solubilized receptor
79. The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene: Complete structure including multiple promoters, transcription initiation sites, and polyadenylation signals
80. cAMP and βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in COS-7 cells
81. Hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase through Gi-protein βγ-subunits
82. GnRH receptor mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in the primate pituitary and ovary
83. Desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor
84. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and triptorelin inhibit the follicle stimulating hormone-induced response in human primary cultured granulosa-lutein cells
85. Influence of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a GnRH-agonist on granulosa cell steoidogenesis
86. Characterization of [hydroproline(9)] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its smallest precursor forms in immortization luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secreting neuros (GT1-7), and evulation of their mode of action on pituitary cells
87. Second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in mouse: Immunocytochemistry reveals hippocampal and periventricular distribution
88. Molecular biology of the pituitary gonadotropin
89. G protein: Transducers of receptor generated signal
90. Beta-arrestin acts as clathrin adaptor in endocytosis of the beta2-adrenergic receptor
91. Estrodiol-induced increase in the number of GnRH receptor in cultures ovine pituitary cells
92. Direct effects of estrodiol-17β on gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the ovine pituitary
93. Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling by expression of a splice variant of the human receptor
94. 2+ mobilization: Studies with the cloned murine luteinizing hormone receptor expressed in L cells
95. Visual arrestin interaction with rhodopsin: Sequential multisite binding ensures strict selectivity toward light-activated phosphorylation rhodopsin
96. Arrestin interaction with G-protein-coupled receptor: Direct binding studies of wild type and mutant arrestins with rhodopsin, β2-adrenergic, and m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors
97. Photoaffinity labeling of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
98. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses are required to maintain activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase: Role in stimulation of gonadotrope gene expression
99. Stimulation of LH beta gene promoter activity by the orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenesis factor-1
100. Estradiol increase amounts of messenger ribonucleic acid for goandotropin-releasing hormone receptor in sheep
101. The role of protein kinase A and C pathways in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activation
102. Ovarian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors. II. Regulation and effects on ovarian development
103. Ovarian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. I. Properties and inhibition of luteal cell function
104. Phosphorylation sites on two domains of the β2-adrenergic receptor are involved in distinct pathways of receptor desensitization
105. Sodium fluoride provokes gonadotrope desensitization to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrope sensitization to A23187: Evidence for multiple G protein in GnRH action
106. Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin provoke differential effects on luteinizing hormone release, inositol phosphate production, and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor binding in the gonadotrope: Evidence for multiple guanyl nucleotide binding proteins in GnRH action
107. Inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by expression of cytoplasmic domains of the receptor
108. Distinct pathway of Gi- and Gq-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
109. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase is an early intermediate in the Gβγ-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
110. Solubilization and purification of rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
111. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor with intracellular carboxyl-terminal tails undergo acute desensitization of total inositol phosphate production and exhibit accelerated internalization kinetics
112. Structure of a G-protein-coupling domain of a muscarinic receptor predicted by random saturation mutagenesis
113. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist stimulate meiotic maturation of follicle-enclosed rat oocytes in vitro
114. cAMP abrogates the p21ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in fibroblasts
115. 2+ mobilization and steroidogenesis of human granulosa cells
116. Intracellular responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a clonal cell line of the gonadotrope lineage
117. Tissue-specific gene expression in the pituitary: The glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene is regulated by a gonadotrope-specific protein
118. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone activate phospholipase C by coupling to the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Gq and G11
119. Extrapituitary action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Direct inhibition ovarian steroidogensis
120. Extrapituitary actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
121. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces ovulation in hypophysectomized rats: Studies on ovarian tissue-type plasminogen activator activity, messenger ribonucleic acid content, and cellular localization
122. Differential sensitivity of agonist- and antagonist-occupied gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to protein kinase C activator
123. Preparation of gonadotroph enriched cell population from adult rat anterior pituitary cells by centrifugal elutriation
124. Comparative sequence analysis and functional charaterization of the cloned sheep gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor reveal differences in primary structure and ligand specificity among mammalian receptors
125. Two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes with distinct ligand selectivity and differential distribution in brain and pituitary in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)
126. Coupling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to Gi protein in human reproductive tract tumors
127. Structure and mechanism of the G protein-couples receptor kinases
128. Reciprocal regulation of Gsα by palmitate and the βγ subunit
129. Photaffinity labelling of pituitary and gonadol receptors to gonadotropin-releasing hormone
130. Characterization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor site in the term placenta and chorionic villi
131. A cholera toxin-sensitive guanyl nucleotide binding protein mediates the movement of pituitary luteinizing hormone into a releasable pool: Loss of this event is associated with the onset of homologous desensitization to gonadotropin-releasing hormone
132. DNA sequence requirements for transcription initiator activity in mammalian cells
133. Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
134. Regulation of rat pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in vivo and in vitro
135. Studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action using GnRH receptor expression pituitary cell lines
136. Molecular structure of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene
137. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor
138. Molecular cloning, sequencing, and characterizing the bovine receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
139. Rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: Tissue expression and hormonal regulation of its mRNA
140. The inhibition of growth and down-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in αT3-1 cells by GnRH agonist
141. Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone as an autocrine growth factor in human ovarian surface epithelium
142. Establishment of immunological probes to study human gonadotropin-releasing receptor
143. Characterization of two new preproGnRH mRNAs in the tree shrew: First direct evidence for mesencephalic GnRH gene expression in a placental mammal
144. Sububits βγ of heterotrimeric G protein activate β2 isoform of phospholipase C
145. Mitogen-activated protein cascade is involved in endothelin1-induced rat puerperal uterine contraction
146. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade in gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced growth inhibition of a human ovarian cancer cell line
147. Evolutionary aspects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor
148. Co-ordinated evolution of GnRHs and their receptors
149. Estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) interact to increase GnRH receptor expression in ovariectomized ewes after hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection
150. Direct evidence that Gi-coupled receptor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by G beta gramma activation of p21ras
151. In situ detection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) reeptor mRNA expression in the rat ovarian follicles
152. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovaries of neonatal and adult rats
153. Tissue-specific pattern of variant transcripts of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene
154. Effects of postovulatory treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog on the plasma level of progesterone in women
155. Selective translocation of non-conventional protein kinase C isozymes by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the gonadotrope-derived αT3-1 cell line
156. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors and autocrine regulation of neuropeptide release in immortalized hypothalamic neurons
157. Local regulation of gonadotroph function by pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone
158. Arrestin-rhodopsin interaction: Multi-site binding by peptide inhibition
159. Stable transfection of GH3 cells with rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone recpetor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid results in expression of a receptor coupled to cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate dependent prolactin release via a G-protein
160. The substance P receptor, which coupled to Gq/11, is a substrate of beta-adrenegic receptor kinase 1 and 2
161. GnRH receptors in human granulosa cells: Anatomical localization and characterization by autoradiographic study
162. Truncation of the receptor carboxyl terminus impairs agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of the α1B-adrenergic receptor
163. Estradiol alters the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in ovine pituitary cultures: GnRH receptors vs responsiveness to GnRH
164. Role of phosphorylation in desensitization of the β-adrenoreceptor
165. 210)-luteinizing hormone releasing ethylamide in normal women
166. A second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with characteristics of chicken GnRH-II is present in the primate brain
167. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: Gene structure, expression and regulation
168. Intracellular signaling in the gonads
169. Stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary αT3-1 cell line is mediated by protein kinase C, c-src and CDC42
170. Human chorionic gonadotropin down regulated the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in GT1-7 neurons
171. Sites in the third intracellular loop of the α2A-adrenergic receptor confer short term agonist-promoted desensitization. Evidence for a receptor kinase-mediated mechanism
172. Regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors by androgens in the male rabbit
173. The luteinizing hormone releasing receptor in human prostate cancer cells: Messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular size, and signal transduction pathway
174. Expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in the placenta and its functional relationship to human chorionic gonadotrpin secretion
175. Transcriptional activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene by GnRH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate
176. Transcriptional activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene by GnRH: Involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways
177. Addition of catfish gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail to rat GnRH receptor alters receptor expression and regulation
178. Protein kinase C and its substrates
179. β-arrestin: A protein that regulates β-adrenegic receptor function
180. Multiple pathways of rapid β2-adrenegic receptor desensitization. Delination with specific inhibitors
181. Receptor specific desensitization with purified proteins kinase dependence and receptor specificity of β-arrestin and arrestin in the β2-adrenegic receptor and rhodopsin systems
182. Homologous regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in cultured pituitary cells
183. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient vs sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
184. Homologous down-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor sites and messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in αT3-1 cells
185. Structure of porcine LH- and FSH-releasing hormone
186. Transcriptional regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene is mediated in part by a putative repressor element and by the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate response element
187. Homologous down-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and desensitization of gonadotropes: Lack of dependence on protein kinase C
188. Densensitization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action in the gonadotropin-derived αT3-1 cell line
189. 2+ mobilization
190. 2+]i elevation in αT3-1 cells
191. Activation of Gi protein by peptide of the muscarine M2 receptor second intracellular loop
192. Expression of a murine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-luciferase fusion gene in transgenic mice is diminished by immunoneutralization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
193. Estradiol potentiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone responsiveness in the anterior pituitary is mediated by an increase in GnRH receptor
194. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced calcium signaling in clonal pituitary gonadotrophs
195. Plasticity in the structural and functional evolution of GnRH: A peptide for all seasons
196. A novel human GnRH receptor homolog gene: Abundant and wide tissue distribution of the antisense transcript
197. Gonadotropin releasing hormone messenger RNA expression in gonadotropin tumors and normal pituitary
198. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in human ovary and granulosa-lutein cells
199. Differential activation of ERK and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase by Raf-1 and MEKK
200. Activation of MAP kinase associated with the priming effect of LHRH
201. Activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway by as isoform of rap1 GAP associated with Gαi
202. Hydrophobic amino acid in the i2 loop play a key role in receptor protein coupling
203. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mRNAs predicts that rat pituitary and gonadal gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor proteins have identical primary structure
204. Receptor regulaion of G-protein palmitoylation
205. Alanine-261 in intracellular loop III of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is crucial for G-protein coupling and receptor internalization
206. Differential effects of castration and testosterone replacement on basal and LHRH-stimulated cAMP and cGMP accumulation and on gonadotropin release from the pituitary of the male rat
207. Characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in cultured rat pituitary cells
208. Effect of phorbol ester on stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms in gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulated pituitary gonadotrophs
209. Signal transduction of the goandotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor: Cross-talk of calcium, protein kinase C (PKC), and arachidonic acid
210. 2+ and protein kinase C
211. Identification by polymerase chain reaction of the G-protein coupled receptor kinase expressed in the mouse gonadotrope αT3-1 cell line
212. Potential regulatory roles for G protein-coupled reecptor kinase and β-arrestins in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling
213. High efficiency method for gene transfer in normal pituitary gonadotropes: Adenoviral-mediated expression of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion
214. Characterization of an intrinsically fluroscent gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and effects of ligand binding on receptor lateral diffusion
215. Steroidogenic factor-1 interact with a gonadotrope-specific element with the first exon of the human goandotropin-releasing hormone gene to mediate gonadotrope-specific expression
216. The MAP kinase cascade is essential for diverse signal transduction pathways
217. Identification and characterization of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone response elements in the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene
218. Agonist-stimulated internalization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor is dependent on two domains in the receptor carboxyl terminus
219. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates MAP kinase activity in GH3 cells by divergent pathways
220. The role of MAP kinase pathway in PGF2α-induced rat puerperal uterine contraction
221. Tissue specific regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene expression during periovulatory period
222. Homologous and heterologous regulation of gonadotropin-releasing receptor gene expression in preovulatory rat granulosa cells
223. Evidence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the rat anterior pituitary
224. Topographical mapping of GnRH receptor on dispersed mouse pituitary cells by backscattered electron imaging
225. Agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of the rat A3 adenosine receptor
226. Contrasting internalization kinetic of human and chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediated by C-terminal tail
227. Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the mouse δ-opioid receptor: Involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinase but not protein kinase C
228. The use of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) in in vitro fertilization: Some clinical and experimental investigations of a direct effect on the human ovary
229. Expression and regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH-R messenger ribonucleic acids in human granulosa-luteal cells
230. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone pituitary receptor interacts with a guanosine triphosphate-binding protein: Differential effects of guanyl nucleotides on agonist and antagonist binding
231. Molecular and functional characterization of GnRH receptors cloned from rat pituitary tumor cell line
232. Actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in goldfish
233. Multiple elements in the distal part of the 1.2 kb 5′-flanking region of the rat GnRH receptor gene regulate gonadotrope-specific expression conferred by proximal domain
234. Overexpression of β-arrestin and β-adrenegic receptor kinase augment desensitization of β2-adrenergic receptors
235. Regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levles by gonadotropins, growth factors, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells
236. Specific binding of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone to human luteal tissue
237. Differential involvment of calcium channels and protein kinase C activity in GnRH-induced phospholipase C, A2, and D activation in a gonadotrope cell lin (αT3-1)
238. GnRH signaling pathways and GnRH-induced homologous desensitization in a gonadotrope cell line (αT3-1)
239. Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone characterized from brains of one species
240. Protein kinases that phosphorylation activated G protein-coupled receptors
241. Estrogen regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA in female rat pituitary tissue
242. Similar luteinizing hormone releasing hormone binding sites in rat anterior pituitary and ovary
243. Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding the murine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
244. Structural organization and characterization of the promoter region of the rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene
245. Mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the pituitary αT3-1 cell line: Differential role of calcium and protein kinase C
246. Hormonal control of gene expression in the ovary
247. A role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating activation of the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit promoter by gonadotropin-releasing hormone
248. Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by gonadotropin-releasing hormone
249. Effects of truncations of cytoplasmic tail of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor on receptor-mediated hormone internalization
250. Comparative rates of desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors by the β-adrenergic kinase and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
251. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone recepetor messenger ribonucleic acids expression in nontumorous and neoplastic pituitaries
252. Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor during the rat estrous cycle
253. A β-adrenergic kinase-like enzyme is involved in olfactory signal termination
254. Molecular mechanism of ligand interaction with gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
255. The MAPK signaling cascade
256. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist-mediated down-regulation of Gqα/G11α (pertussis toxin-insensitive-G protein in αT3-1 gonadotroph cells reflects increased G protein turnover but not alternation in mRNA levels
257. Luteal phase defects induced by an agonist of luteinizing hormone -releasing factor: A model for fertiltiy control
258. Origin of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormones
259. Origin and evolution of GnRH in vertebrate and invertebrates
260. Activation of MAP kinase by the LHRH receptor through a dual mechanism involving protein kinase C and a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein
261. G-protein regulation of adenylate cyclase
262. Changes in pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid content during lactation and after pup removal
263. Follicular development, steroidogenesis and gonadotropin secretion in response to long-term treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the rat
264. Regulation of Gq/11 by the gonadotrope receptor
265. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples to multiple G proteins in rat gonadotrophs and in GGH3 cells: Evidence from palmitoylation and overexpression of G proteins
266. Gonadotropin and gonadal steroid release in reponse to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in Gqα and G11α knockout mice
267. Regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor by receptor kinases and arrestins
268. Increasing cAMP attenuates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
269. Desensitization of pituitary gonadotropin secretion by agonist-induced inactivation of voltage-sensitive calcium channels
270. Expression and transduction pathways of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
271. Stimulation of mitogen-activatied protein kinase by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C
272. Distinct efficacies for two endogenous ligands on a single cognate gonadoliberin receptor
273. Phosphorylation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors
274. Rapid desensitization of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated polyphosphoinositide responses
275. Identification of a novel receptor kinase that phosphorylates a phospholipase C-linked muscarinic receptor
276. Identification of three putative GnRH receptor subtypes in vertebrates
277. Cloning and functional expression of a mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
278. Homologous up-regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in αT3-1 cells is associated with unchanged receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and altered mRNA activity
279. Translational regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in αT3-1 cells
280. Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and GnRH-Rs during the early preovulatory period in the ewe
281. Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) increase concentrations of GnRH-R messenger ribonucleic acid and numbers of GnRH-Rs during luteolysis in the ewe
282. Mechanism involved in the pituitary desensitization induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists
283. The third intercellular loop of the rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples the receptor to Gs- and Gq/11-mediated signal transduction pathways: Evidence from loop fragment transfection in GGH3 cells
284. Regional expression of mRNA encoding a second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the Macaque brain
285. Effect of disruption versus continuation of gonadotropin-releasing agonist after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration on corpus luteum function in patient undergoing ovulation induction for in-vitro fertilization
286. Receptor-tyrosine-kinase- and G beta gamma-mediated MAP kinase activation by a common signalling pathway
287. Staurosporine enhances a gonadotropin-releasing hormone- stimulated luteinizing hormone released
288. Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency on serum and pituitary concentration of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, GnRH receptors, and messenger ribonucleic acid for gonadotropin subunits in cows
289. Analysis of the Gs/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mutant S49 cells
290. Tyrosine kinase in activation of the MAP kinase cascade by G-protein coupled receptor
291. Palmitoylation is required for signaling functions and membrane attachment of Gqα and Gsα
292. Rapid communication: Nucleotide sequence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor cDNA in the pig pituitary
293. Evidence of GnRH receptors in cultured pituitary cells of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes Americanus W)
294. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induced stimulation and desensitization of free α-subunit secretion mirrors luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in perifused rat cells
295. Homologous desensitization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion in vitro occurs within the duration of an endogenous GnRH pulse
296. Homologous regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene is partially mediated by protein kinase C activation of an activator protein-1 element
297. Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans
298. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in rat ovary
299. Acute desensitization of phospholipase C-coupled muscarinc M3 receptors but not gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor coexpressed in αT3-1 cells: Implications for mechanism of rapid desensitization
300. Absence of rapid desensitization and agonist-dependent phosphorylation of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) is associated with the absence of a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail
301. Cellular variation in heterotrimeric G protien localization and expression in rat pituitary
302. Cell line of the pituitary gonadotrope lineage derived by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice
303. Protein kinase cross-talk: Membrane targeting of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase by protein kinase C
304. Signalling pathways involved in the mitogenic effects of cAMP
305. 2+ mobilization and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate binding
306. Desensitization of cell signalling mediated by phosphoinositidase C
307. Detection of gonadotropin-releasing and its receptor mRNA in human placental trophoblast using in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
308. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in human pituitary: Ligand structural requirements, molecular size, and cationic effects
309. Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signaling pathway by adenosine 3,5,-monophosphate
310. Gonadal hormones and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) alter messenger ribonucleic acid levels for GnRH receptors in sheep
311. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse pattern regulates GnRH receptor gene expression: Augmentation by estradiol
312. Expression of the messenger RNA for gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in human cancer cell lines
313. Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate derivatives increase gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in cultured pituitary cells
314. Increased gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors on pituitary gonadotrophs: Effect on subsequent LH secretion