Molecular and cellular biology of alveolar bone

Periodontology 2000

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 99-126

  Sodek, Jaro ^a   McKee, Marc D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GROWTH PROMOTOR;

ANIMAL; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE REGENERATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; HUMAN; JAW; OSTEOLYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; ULTRASTRUCTURE; UPREGULATION;

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; ALVEOLAR PROCESS; ANIMALS; BONE REGENERATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOKINES; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; OSTEOGENESIS; UP-REGULATION;

EID: 0034303483     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2240106.x     Document Type: Article

References (271)

1. Aisaka T, Gay CV. Ultracytochemical evidence for a proton-pump adenosine triphosphatase in chick osteoclasts. Cell Tissue Res 1986: 245: 507-512.
2. Anderson DM, Maraskovsky E, Billingsley WL, Dougall WC, Tometsko ME, Roux ER, Teepe MC, DuBose RF, Cosman D, Galibert L. A homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhance T-cell growth and dendritic-cell function. Nature 1997: 390: 175-179.
3. Andersson G, Ek-Rylander B. The tartrate-resistant purple acid phosphatase of bone osteoclasts - a protein phosphatase with multivalent substrate specificity and regulation. Acta Orthop Scand 1995: 266(suppl): 189-193.
4. Aubin JE, Gupta AK, Zirngbl R, Rossant J. Knockout mice lacking bone sialoprotein expression have bone abnormalities. J Bone Miner Res 1996: 11: S102.
5. Aubin JE. Osteoclast adhesion and resorption: The role of podosomes. J Bone Miner Res 1992: 7: 365-368.
6. Banks LM, Lees B, MacSweeney JE, Stevenson JC. Effect of degenerative spinal and aortic calcification on bone density measurements in post-menopausal women: links between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease? Eur J Clin Invest 1994: 24: 813-817.
7. Bannerjee C, McCabe LR, Choi J-Y, Hiebert SW, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Runt homology domain proteins in osteoblast differentiation: AML-3/CBFA1 is a major component of a bone specific complex. J Cell Biochem 1997: 66: 1-8.
8. Baran DT, Braverman LE. Thyroid hormones and bone mass (editorial). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991: 72: 1182-1183.
9. Baron R, Neff L, Louvard D, Courtoy PJ. Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: evidence for a low pH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100-kD lysosomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border. J Cell Biol 1985: 101: 2210-2222.
10. Baron R, Ravesloot J-H, Neff L, Chakraborty M, Chatterjee D, Lomri A, Horne W. Cellular and molecular biology of the osteoclast. In: Noda M, ed. Cellular and molecular biology of bone. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993: 445-495.
11. Bartold PM. A biochemical and immunohistochemical study of the proteoglycans of alveolar bone. J Dent Res 1990: 69: 7-19.
12. Baud CA. Submicroscopic structure and functional aspects of the osteocyte. Clin Orthop 1968: 5666: 227-236.
13. Baylink DJ, Bernstein DS. The effects of fluoride therapy on metabolic bone disease. A histologic study. Clin Orthop 1967: 55: 51-85.
14. Baylink DJ, Wergedal JE. Bone formation by osteocytes. Am J Physiol 1971: 221: 669-678.
15. Bélanger LF. Osteocytic osteolysis. Calcif Tissue Res 1969: 4: 1-12.
16. Bélanger LF. Osteocytic resorption. In: Bourne GH, ed. The biochemistry and physiology of bone (Vol. 3). New York: Academic Press, 1971: 239-270.
17. Beresford JN, Fedarko NS, Fisher LW, Midura RJ, Yanagishita M, Termine JD, Gehron-Robey P. Analysis of the proteoglycans synthesized by human bone cells in vitro. J Biol Chem 1987: 262: 17164-17172.
18. Bianco P, Riminucci M, Silvestrini G, Bonucci E, Termine JD, Fisher LW, Robey PG. Localization of bone sialoprotein (BSP) to Golgi and post-Golgi secretory structures in osteoblasts and to discrete sites in early bone matrix. J Histochem Cytochem 1993: 41: 193-203.
19. Blair HC. How the osteoclast degrades bone. Bioessays 1998: 20: 837-846.
20. Bonucci E. The ultrastructure of the osteocyte. In: Bonucci E, Motta PM, ed. Ultrastructure of skeletal tissues: bone and cartilage in health and disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990: 223-252.
21. Boskey AL, Maresca M, Ullrich W, Doty SB, Butler WT, Prince CW. Osteopontin-hydroxyapatite interactions in vitro: inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation and growth in a gelatin-gel. Bone Miner 1993: 22: 147-159.
22. Bowman BM, Miller SC. The proliferation and differentiation of the bone-lining cell in estrogen-induced osteogenesis. Bone 1986: 7: 351-357.
23. Boyce BF, Hughes DE, Wright KR, Xing L, Dai A. Recent advances in bone biology provide insight into the pathogenesis of bone diseases. Lab Invest 1999: 79: 83-94.
24. Boyde A, Jones SJ, Ashford J. Scanning electron microscope observations and the question of possible osteocytic bone mini-(re)modelling. In: Silberman M, Slavkin H, ed. Current advances in skeletogenesis. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1982: 305-314.
25. Boyde A. Scanning electron microscope studies of bone. In: Bourne GH, ed. The biochemistry and physiology of bone (Vol. 1). New York: Academic Press, 1972: 259-310.
26. Bronckers AL, Farach-Carson MC, Van Waveren E, Butler WT. Immunolocalization of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and dentin sialoprotein during dental root formation and early cementogenesis in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 1994: 9: 833-841.
27. Bronckers AL, Gay S, Lyaruu DM, Gay RE, Miller EJ. Localization of type V collagen with monoclonal antibodies in developing dental and peridental tissues of the rat and hamster. Collagen Rel Res 1986: 6: 1-13.
28. Bucay N, Sarosi I, Dunstan CR, Morony S, Tarpley J, Capparelli C, Scully S, Tan HL, Xu W, Lacey DL, Boyle WJ, Simonet WS. Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 1998: 12: 1260-1268.
29. Camarda AJ, Butler WT, Finkelman RD, Nanci A. Immunocytochemical localization of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins (osteocalcin) in rat bone and dentin. Calcif Tissue Int 1987: 40: 349-355.
30. Canalis E, Centrella M, McCarthy T. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone formation in vitro. J Clin Invest 1988: 81: 1572-1577.
31. Canalis E, Hock JM, Raisz LG. Parathyroid hormone: Anabolic and catabolis effects on bone and interactions with growth factors. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine MA, ed. The parathyroids. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 65-82.
32. Canalis E. Growth hormone, skeletal growth factors and osteoporosis. Endocr Prat 1995: 1: 39-43.
33. +-ATPases. J Exp Biol 1992: 172: 193-204.
34. Cheifetz S, Li IWS, McCulloch CAG. Sampath TK, Sodek J. Influence of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7) and transforming growth factor-β1 on bone formation in vitro. Connect Tissue Res 1996: 35: 71-78.
35. Chen J, McCulloch CAG, Sodek J. Bone sialoprotein in developing porcine dental tissues: cellular expression and comparison of tissue localization with osteopontin and osteonectin. Arch Oral Biol 1993: 38: 241-249.
36. Chen J, McKee MD, Nanci A, Sodek J. Bone sialoprotein mRNA expression and ultrastructural localization in fetal porcine calvarial bone: comparisons with osteopontin. Histochem J 1994: 26: 67-78.
37. Chen J, Shapiro HS, Sodek J. Developmental expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in rat mineralized connective tissues. J Bone Miner Res 1992: 7: 987-997.
38. Chen J, Shapiro HS, Wrana JL, Reimers S, Heersche JNM, Sodek J. Localization of bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression to sites of mineralized tissue formation in fetal rat tissues by in situ hybridization. Matrix 1991: 11: 133-143.
39. Chen J, Zhang Q, McCulloch CAG, Sodek J. Immunohistochemical localization of bone sialoprotein (BSP) in fetal porcine bone tissues: comparisons with secreted phosphoprotein I (Sppl, osteopontin) and SPARC (osteonectin). Histochem J 1991: 23: 281-289.
40. Chiquet M, Matthisson M, Koch M, Tannheimer M, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis by mechanical stress. Biochem Cell Biol 1996: 74: 737-744.
41. Cho MI, Garant PR. Sequential events in the formation of collagen secretion granules with special reference to the development of segment-long-spacing-like aggregates. Anat Rec 1981: 199: 309-320.
42. Chole RA, Tinling SP. Incomplete coverage of mammalian bone matrix by lining cells. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993. 102: 543-550.
43. Christoffersen J, Landis WJ. A contribution with review to the description of mineralization of bone and other calcified tissues in vivo. Anat Rec 1991: 230: 435-450.
44. 2. Prostaglandins 1984: 27: 97-103.
45. Danielson KG, Baribault H, Holmes DF, Graham H, Kadler KE, Iozzo RV Targeted disruption of decorin leads to abnormal collagen fibril morphology and skin fragility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997: 96: 3092-3097.
46. Delaney AM, Pash JM, Canalis E. Cellular and clinical perspectives on skeletal insulin-like growth factor. J Cell Biochem 1994: 55: 1-6.
47. Delmas PD, Malaval L. In: Mundy GR, Martin TJ, ed. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vol. 107. Physiology and pharmacology of bone. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993: 673-724.
48. DeLuca HF. Vitamin D revisited. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980: 9: 1-26.
49. Domenicucci C, Goldberg HA, Sodek J. Identification of lysyl oxidase and TRAMP as the major proteins associated with the demineralized collagen matrix in porcine dentine. Connect Tissue Res 1997: 36: 151-163.
50. Domenicucci C. In search of a hydroxyapatite nucleator in bone. Ph.D. thesis. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1997.
51. Domon S. Observation of alveolar bone remodeling accompanied with tooth movement by in situ hybridization-expression of type I collagen and bone sialoprotein mRNAs. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1995: 62: 94-105.
52. Domon T, Wakita M. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the ruffled border of osteoclasts. Arch Histol Cytol 1989: 52: 1-13.
53. Ducy P, Desbois C, Boyce B, Pinero G, Story B, Dunstan C, Smith E, Bonadio J, Goldstein S, Gundberg C, Bradley A, Karsenty G. Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice. Nature 1996: 382: 448-452.
54. Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, Karsenty G (1997). Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell 1997: 89: 747-754.
55. Duong LT, Lakkakorpi PT, Nakamura I, Machwate M, Nagy RM, Rodan GA. PYK2 in osteoclasts is an adhesion kinase, localized in the sealing zone, activated by ligation of alpha(v)beta3 integrin, and phosphorylated by src kinase. J Clin Invest 1998: 102: 881-892.
56. Duong LT, Rodan GA, The role of integrins in osteoclast function. J Bone Miner Metab 1999: 17: 1-6.
57. Engel J, Taylor W, Paulsson M, Sage H, Hogan B. Calcium binding domains and calcium-induced transition of SPARC/BM-40/osteonectin, an extracellular glycoprotein expressed in mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. Biochemistry 1987: 26: 6958-6965.
58. Erlebacher A, Filvaroff EH, Gitelman SE, Derynck R. Toward an understanding of skeletal development. Cell 1995: 80: 371-378.
59. Eyre DR, Dickson IR, Van Ness K. Collagen cross-linking in human bone and articular cartilage. Age-related changes in the content of mature hydroxypyridinium residues. Biochem J 1988: 252: 495-500.
60. Fisher LW, Hawkins GR, Tuross N, Termine JD. Purification and partial characterization of small proteoglycans I and II, bone sialoproteins I and II, and osteonectin from the mineral compartment of developing human bone. J Biol Chem 1987: 262: 9702-9708.
61. Fisher LW, Heegaard AM, Vetter U, Vogel W, Just W, Termine JD, Young MF. Human biglycan gene. Putative promoter, intron-exon junctions, and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem 1991 266: 14371-14377.
62. Fisher LW, McBride OW, Termine JD, Young MF. Human bone sialoprotein. J Biol Chem 1990: 265: 2347-2351.
63. Forbes EG, Cronshaw AD, MacBeath JR, Hulmes DJ. Tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein (TRAMP) is a tyrosine-sulphated and widely distributed protein of the extracellular matrix. FEBS Lett 1994: 351: 433-436.
64. Franzén A, Heinegård D. Isolation and characterization of two sialoprotins present only in bone calcified matrix. Biochem J 1985: 232: 715-724.
65. Franzoso G, Carlson L, Xing L, Poljak L, Shores EW, Brown KD, Leonardi A, Tran T, Boyce BF, Siebenlist U. Requirement for NF-kappaB in osteoclast and B-cell development. Genes Dev 1997: 11: 3482-3496.
66. Fukushima O, Bekker PJ, Gay CV. Characterization of the functional stages of osteoclasts by enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. Anat Rec 1991: 231: 298-315.
67. Ganss B, Kim RH, Sodek J. Bone sialoprotein. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999: 10: 79-98.
68. Garant PR, Cho M-I. Ultrastructure of the odontoblast. In: Butler WT, ed. The chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues. Birmingham: EBSCO Media, 1985: 22-32.
69. Gay CV, Ito MB, Schraer H. Carbonic anhydrase activity in isolated osteoclasts. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 1983: 5: 33-39.
70. Gehron Robey P. Bone matrix proteoglycans and glycoproteins. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA, ed. Principles of bone biology. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996: 155-165.
71. George A, Silberstein R, Veis A. In situ hybridization shows Dmp1 (AG1) to be a developmentally regulated dentin-specific protein produced by mature odontoblasts. Connect Tissue Res 1995: 33: 67-72.
72. Giannobile WV. Crevicular fluid biomarkers of oral bone loss. Curr Opin Periodontol 1997: 4: 11-20.
73. Gilles JA, Carnes DL, Dallas MR, Holt SC, Bonewald LF. Oral bone loss is increased in ovariectomized rats. J Endod 1997: 23: 419-422.
74. Gilmour DT, Lyon GJ, Carlton MB, Sanes JR, Cunningham JM, Anderson JR, Hogan BL, Evans MJ, Colledge WH. Mice deficient for the secreted glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin/BM40 develop normally but show severe age-onset cataract formation and disruption of the lens. EMBO J 1998: 17: 1860-1870.
75. Glimcher MJ, Krane SM. The organization and structure of bone and the mechanism of calcification. In: Ramachandran GN, Gould BS, ed. Treatise on collagen. Vol. 7B. New York: Academic Press, 1968: 68-251.
76. Glowacki J, Rey C, Cox K, Lian J. Effects of bone matrix components on osteoclast differentiation. Connect Tissue Res 1989: 21: 121-129.
77. Goldberg HA, Domenicucci C, Pringle GA, Sodek J. Mineral binding proteoglycans of fetal porcine calvarial bone. J Biol Chem 1988: 263: 12092-12101.
78. Goldberg HA, Hunter GK. The inhibitory activity of osteopontin on hydroxyapatite formation in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995: 760: 305-308.
79. Goldberg HA, Maeno M, Domenicucci C, Zhang Q, Sodek J. Identification of small collagenous proteins with properties of procollagen α1(I) pN-propeptide in fetal porcine calvarial bone. Collagen Rel Res 1988: 8: 187-197.
80. Gooden MD Vernon RB, Bassuk JA, Sage EH. Cell cycle-dependent nuclear location of the matricellular protein SPARC: association with the nuclear matrix. J Cell Biochem 1999: 74: 152-167.
81. Gorski JP, Shimizu K. Isolation of a new phosphorylated glycoprotein from the mineralized phase of bone that exhibits limited homology to the adhesive protein osteopontin J Biol Chem 1998: 263: 15938-15945.
82. Goto T, Tsukuba T, Ayasaka N, Yamamoto K, Tanaka T. Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin D in the rat osteoclast. Histochemistry 1992: 97: 13-18.
83. Grigoriadis AE, Wang QZ, Cecchini MG, Hofstetter W, Felix R, Fleisch HA, Wagner EF. c-fos: a key regulator of osteoclast-macrophage lineage determination and bone remodelling. Science 1994: 266: 443-448.
84. Hafner M, Zimmermann K, Pottgiesser J, Krieg T, Nischt R. A purine-rich sequence in the human BM-40 gene promoter region is a prerequisite for maximum transcription. Matrix Biol 1995 14: 733-741.
85. Hanai J, Chen LF, Kanno T, Ohtani-Fujita N, Kim WY, Guo WH, Imamura T, Ishidou Y, Fukuchi M, Shi MJ, Stavnezer J, Kawabata M, Miyazono K, Ito Y. Interaction and function cooperation of PEBP2/CBF with Smads. Synergistic induction of the immunoglobulin germline Cα promoter. J Biol Chem 1999: 274: 31577-31582.
86. Hauschka PV. Osteocalcin and its functional domains. In: Butler WT, ed. The chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues. Birmingham: Ebsco Media, 1985: 149-158.
87. Hayden JM, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. The insulin-like growth factor system and the coupling of formation to resorption. Bone 1995: 17(suppl):93S-98S.
88. Heinegård D, Hultenby K, Oldberg Å, Reinholt F, Wendel M. Macromolecules in bone matrix. Connect Tissue Res 1989: 21: 3-14.
89. Helder MN, Bronckers AL, Woltgens, JH. Dissimilar expression of osteopontin (OPN) and collagen type I in dental tissues and alveolar bone of the neonatal rat. Matrix 1993: 13: 415-425.
90. Hijiya N, Setoguchi M, Matsuura K, Higuchi Y, Akizuki S, Yamamoto S. Cloning and characterization of the human osteopontin gene and its promoter. Biochem J 1994: 303: 255-262.
91. Hildebolt CF. Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997: 26: 3-15.
92. Hock JM, Canalis E. Platelet-derived growth factor enhances bone cell replication but not differentiated function of osteoblasts. Endocrinology 1994: 134: 1423-1428.
93. Hock JM, Centrella M, Canalis E. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has independent effects on bone matrix formation and cell replication. Endocrinology 1988: 122: 254-260.
94. Holtrop ME. Light and electron microscopic structure of bone-forming cells. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone: the osteoblast and osteocyte. Vol. 1. Caldwell: Telford Press, 1990: 1-39.
95. Horwood NJ, Elliott J, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT. Osteotropic agents regulate the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and osteoprotegerin in osteoblastic stromal cells. Endocrinology 1998: 139: 4743-4746.
96. Hoshi K, Kemmotsu S, Takeuchi Y, Amizuka N, Ozawa H The primary calcification in bones follows removal of decorin and fusion of collagen fibrils. J Bone Miner Res 1999 14: 273-280.
97. Huang YH, Ohsaki Y, Kurisu K, Distribution of type I and type III collagen in the developing periodontal ligament of mice. Matrix 1991: 11: 25-35.
98. Hughes DE, Wright KR, Uy HL, Sasaki A, Yoneda T, Roodman GD, Mundy GR, Boyce BF. Bisphosphonates promote apoptosis in murine osteooclasts in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 1995: 10: 1478-1487.
99. Hultenby K, Reinholt FP, Oldberg Å, Heinegård D. Ultrastructural immunolocalization of osteopontin in metaphyseal and cortical bone. Matrix 1991: 11: 206-213.
100. Hunter GK, Goldberg HA. Modulation of crystal formation by bone sialoproteins: role of glutamic acid-rich sequences in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite by bone sialoprotein. Biochem J 1994: 302: 175-179.
101. Hunter GK, Goldberg HA. Nucleation of hydroxyapatite by bone sialoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993: 90: 8562-8565.
102. Hunter GK, Hauschka PV, Poole AR, Rosenberg LC, Goldberg HA. Nucleation and inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation by mineralized tissue proteins. Biochem J 1996: 317: 59-64.
103. Iotsova V, Caamano J, Loy J, Yang Y, Lewin A, Bravo R. Osteopetrosis in mice lacking NF-κBl and NF-κB2. Nat Med 1997: 3: 1285-1289.
104. Iozzo RV, Murdoch AD. Proteoglycans of the extracellular environment: clues from the gene and protein side, offer novel perspectives in molecular diversity and function. FASEB J 1996: 10: 598-614.
105. Jahnen-Dechent W, Schinke T, Trindl A, Muller-Esterl W, Sablitzky F, Kaiser S, Blessing M. Cloning and targeted deletion of the mouse fetuin gene. J Biol Chem 1997: 272: 31496-31503.
106. Jande SS, Belanger LF. Electron microscopy of osteocytes and the pericellular matrix in rat trabecular bone. Calcif Tissue Res 1971: 6: 280-289.
107. Jande SS, Belanger LF. The life cycle of the osteocyte. Clin Orthop 1973: 94: 281-305.
108. Jande SS. Fine structural study of osteocytes and their surrounding bone matrix with respect to their age in young chicks. J Ultrastruct Res 1971: 37: 279-300.
109. Jeffcoat MK. Osteoporosis; a possible modifying factor in oral bone loss. Ann Periodontol 1998: 3: 312-321.
110. Jheon A, Ganss B, Cheifetz S, Sodek J. Identification of a novel tissue-specific, bone morphogenic protein-7 early response gene using differential display. J Am Acad Orthop Surg (in press).
111. Jiang H, Sodek J, Karsenty G, Thomas H, Ranly D, Chen J. Expression of core binding factor Osf2/Cbfa-1 and bone sialoprotein in tooth development. Mech Dev 1999: 81: 169-173.
112. Jilka RL, Hangoc G, Girasole G, Passeri G, Williams DC, Abrams JS, Boyce B, Broxmeyer H, Manolagas SC. Increasd osteoclast development after estrogen loss - mediation by interleukin-6. Science 1992: 257: 88-91.
113. Jilka RL, Weinstein RS, Bellido T, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC. Osteoblast programmed cell death (apoptosis): modulation by growth factors and cytokines. J Bone Miner Res 1998: 13: 793-802.
114. Johnson RB, Gilbert JA, Cooper RC, Dai X, Newton BI, Tracy RR, West WF, DeMoss TL, Myers PJ, Streckfus CF. Alveolar bone loss one year following ovariectomy in sheep. J Periodontol 1997: 68: 864-671.
115. Johnson RB. A classification of Sharpey's fibers within the alveolar bone of the mouse: a high-voltage electron microscope study. Anat Rec 1987: 217: 339-347.
116. Jones SJ, Boyde A, Ali NN, Maconnachie E. A review of bone cell substratum interactions. Scanning 1985: 7: 5-24.
117. Kaartinen MT, Pirhonen A, Linnala-Kankkunen A, Mäenpää PH. Cross-linking of osteopontin by tissue transglutaminase increases its collagen binding properties. J Biol Chem 1999: 274: 1729-1735.
118. Kaartinen MT, Pirhonen A, Linnala-Kankkunen A, Mäenpää PH. Transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking of osteopontin is inhibited by osteocalcin. J Biol Chem 1997: 272: 22736-22741.
119. Karimbux NY, Rosenblum ND, Nishimura I. Site-specific expression of collagen I and XII mRNAs in the rat periodontal ligament at two developmental stages. J Dent Res 1992 71: 1355-1362.
120. Kim RH, Shapiro HS, Li JJ, Wrana JL, Sodek J. Characterization of human bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene and its promoter sequence. Matrix Biol 1994: 14: 31-40.
121. Kjaer I, Bagheri A. Prenatal development of the alveolar bone of human deciduous incisors and canines. J Dent Res 1999: 78: 667-672.
122. Komori T, Yagi H, Nomura S, Yamaguchi A, Sasaki K, Deguchi K, Shimuzu Y, Bronson RT, Gao Y-H, Inada M, Sato M, Okamoto R, Kitamura Y, Yoshiki S, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell 1997: 89: 755-764.
123. Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, Tan HL, Timms E, Capparelli C, Morony S, Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ, Van G, Itie A, Khoo W, Wakeham A, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Mak TW, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM. OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature 1999: 397: 315-323.
124. Kurihara S, Enlow DH. An electron microscopic study of attachments between periodontal fibers and bone during alveolar remodeling. Am J Orthod 1980: 77: 516-531.
125. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, Elliott R, Colombero A, Elliott G, Scully S, Hsu H, Sullivan J, Hawkins N, Davy E, Capparelli C, Eli A, Qian YX, Kaufman S, Sarosi I, Shalhoub V, Senaldi G, Guo J, Delaney J, Boyle WJ. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 1998: 93: 165-176.
126. Lakkakorpi P, Tuukkanen J, Hentunen T, Järvelin K, Väänänen HK. Organization of osteoclast microfilaments during the attachment to bone surface in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1989: 4: 817-825.
127. Landis WJ, Hodgens KJ, Arena J, Song MJ, McEwen BF. Structural relations between collagen and mineral in bone as determined by high voltage electron microscopic tomography. Microsc Res Tech 1996: 33: 192-202.
128. Landis WJ. The strength of a calcified tissue depends in part on the molecular structure and organization of its constituent mineral crystals in their organic matrix. Bone 1995: 16: 533-544.
129. Lane TF, Sage EH. The biology of SPARC, a protein that modulates cell-matrix interactions. FASEB J 1994: 8: 163-173.
130. Lee M-H, Javed A, Kim H-J, Shin H-I, Gutierrez S, Choi J-Y, Rosen V, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Stein GS, Lian JB, Ryoo H-M. Transient upregulation of CBFA1 in response to bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor β1 in C2C12 myogenic cells coincides with suppression of the myogenic phenotype but is not sufficient for osteoblastic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 1999: 73: 114-125.
131. Li IW, Cheifetz S, McCulloch CA, Sampath KT, Sodek J. Effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7) on bone matrix protein expression by fetal rat calvarial cells are differentiation stage specific. J Cell Physiol 1996: 169: 115-125.
132. Lian JB, Stein GS. Concepts of osteoblast growth and differentiation: basis for modulation of bone cell development and tissue formation. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1992: 3: 269-305.
133. Lian JB, Stein GS, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ. Osteocalcin gene promoter: unlocking the secrets for regulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation. J Cell Biochem 1998: 30-31(suppl): 62-72.
134. Liaw L, Birk DE, Ballas CB, Whitsitt JS, Davidson JM, Hogan BL. Altered wound healing in mice lacking a functional osteopontin gene (sppl). J Clin Invest 1998: 101: 1468-1478.
135. Lucht U. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies of the osteoclast: an electron microscope study. Z Zellforsch 1972: 135: 229-244.
136. Luk SC, Nopajaroonsri C, Simon GT. The ultrastructure of endosteum: a topographic study in young adult rabbits. J Ultrastruct Res 1974: 46: 165-183.
137. Lukinmaa PL, Waltimo J. Immunohistochemical localization of types I, V, and VI collagen in human permanent teeth and periodontal ligament. J Dent Res 1992 71: 391-397.
138. Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD, Pinero GJ, Loyer E, Behringer RR, Karsenty G. Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein. Nature 1997 386: 78-81.
139. MacDougall M, Simmons D, Luan X, Gu TT, DuPont BR. Assignment of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) to the critical DGI2 locus on human chromosome 4 band q21.3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997: 79: 121-122.
140. MacDougall M, Dupont BR, Leach RJ. Assignment of DMP1 to human chromosome 4 band 4q21 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1996: 74: 189.
141. MacNeil RL, Sheng N, Strayhorn C, Fisher LW, Somerman MJ. Bone sialoprotein is localized to the root surface during cementogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 1994: 9: 1597-1606.
142. Maeno M, Suzuki N, Ohmori Y, Saito R, Shioji S, Sato K, Otsuka K, Suzuki K. J Bone Miner Metab 1992: 10: 18-25.
143. 3H-proline radioautographic studies on the fibroblasts of the rat foot pad. Am J Anat 1983: 168: 167-197.
144. Marchi F. Secretory granules in cells producing fibrillar collagen. In: Davidovitch Z, ed. Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption and root resorption. Birmingham: EBSCO Media, 1988: 53-59.
145. Matthews JL, Talmage R. Influence of parathyroid hormone on bone cell ultrastructure. Clin Orthop 1981: 156: 27-38.
146. Marie PJ, Hott M. Histomorphometric identification of carbonic anhydrase in fetal rat bone embedded in glycomethacrylate. J Histochem Cytochem 1987: 35: 245-250.
147. 1 induces periodontal regeneration in adult dogs. J Periodontal Res 1994: 29: 103-108.
148. Marotti G, Cane V, Palazzini S, Palumbo C. Structure-function relationships in the osteocyte. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1990: 4: 93-106.
149. Marotti G. Decrement in volume of osteoblasts during osteon formation and its effect on the size of the corresponding osteocytes. In: Meunier PJ, ed. Bone histomorphometry. Paris: Armour Montagu, 1977: 385-397.
150. Martin TJ, Romas E, Gillespie MT. Interleukins in the control of osteoclast differentiation. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 1998: 8: 107-123.
151. Matthews JL, VanderWeil C, Talmage RV. Bone lining cells and the bone fluid compartment, an ultrastructural study. Adv Exp Med Biol 1978: 103: 451.
152. McCarthy TL, Centrella M, Canalis E. Regulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor I and II on bone collagen synthesis in rat calvarial cultures. Endocrinology 1989: 124: 301-309.
153. McKee MD, Nanci A, Landis WJ, Gotoh Y, Gerstenfeld LC, Glimcher MJ. Developmental appearance and ultrastructural immunolocalization of a major 66 kDa phosphoprotein in embryonic and post-natal chicken bone. Anat Rec 1990: 228: 77-92.
154. McKee MD, Glimcher MJ, Nanci A. High-resolution immunolocalization of osteopontin and osteocalcin in bone and cartilage during endochondral ossification in the chicken tibia. Anat Rec 1992: 234: 479-492.
155. McKee MD, Nanci A. Ultrastructural, cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies on bone and its interfaces. Cells Mater 1993: 3: 219-243.
156. 2HS-glycoprotein) proteins in rat bone. J Bone Miner Res 1993: 8: 485-196.
157. McKee MD, Nanci A. Postembedding colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry of noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins in mineralized tissues. Microsc Res Tech 1995: 31: 44-62.
158. McKee MD, Nanci A. Osteopontin and the bone remodeling sequence: Colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry of an interfacial extracellular matrix protein. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995: 760: 177-189.
159. McKee MD, Nanci A. Osteopontin at mineralized tissue interfaces in bone, teeth and osseointegrated implants: ultrastructural distribution and implications for mineralized tissue formation, turnover and repair. Microsc Res Tech 1996: 33: 141-164.
160. McKee MD, Zalzal S, Nanci A. Extracellular matrix in tooth cementum and mantle dentin: localization of osteopontin and other noncollagenous proteins, plasma proteins and glycoconjugates by electron microscopy. Anat Rec 1996: 245: 293-312.
161. McSheehy PMJ, Chambers TJ. Osteoblastic cells mediate osteoclastic responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology 1986: 118: 824-828.
162. Menton DN, Simmons DJ, Change S-L, Orr BY. From bone lining cell to osteocyte - an SEM study. Anat Rec 1984: 209: 29-39.
163. Merriman HL, van Wijnen AJ, Hiebert S, Bidwell JP, Fey E, Lian J, Stein J, Stein GS. The tissue-specific nuclear matrix protein, NMP-2 is a member of the AML/CBF/PEBP2/ runt domain transcription factor family: interactions with the osteocalcin gene promoter. Biochemistry 1995: 34: 13125-13132.
164. Miller SC, Bowman BM, Smith JM, Jee WSS. Characterization of endosteal bone-lining cells from fatty marrow bone sites in adult beagles. Anat Rec 1980: 198: 163-173.
165. Miller SC, Jee WSS. The bone lining cell: a distinct phenotype? Calcif Tissue Int 1987: 41: 1-5.
166. Miller SC, Jee WSS. Bone lining cells. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone: bone metabolism and mineralization. Vol. 4. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992: 1-19.
167. Miyama K, Yamada G, Yamamoto TS, Tagaki C, Miyado K, Sakai M, Ueno N, Shibuya H. A BMP inducible gene, Dlx5, regulates osteoblast differentiation and mesoderm induction. Dev Biol 1999: 208: 123-133.
168. 3 integrin stimulates immediate cell signals in osteoclasts. J Biol Chem 1991: 266: 20369-20374.
169. Mizuno A, Amizuka N, Irie K, Murakami A, Fujise N, Kanno T, Sato Y, Nakagawa N, Yasuda H, Mochizuki S, Gomibuchi T, Yano K, Shima N, Washida N, Tsuda E, Morinaga T, Higashio K, Ozawa H. Severe osteoporosis in mice lacking osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998: 247: 610-615.
170. Mundy GR, Poser JW. Chemotactic activity of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein in bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1983: 35: 164-168.
171. Mundlos S, Otto F, Munlos C, Mulliken JB, Aylsworth AS, Albright S, Lindhout D, Cole WG, Henn W, Knoll JHM, Owen MJ, Mertelsmann R, Zabel BU, Olsen BR. Mutations involving the transcription factor CBFA1 cause cleidocranial dysplasia. Cell 1997: 89: 773-779.
172. 2+)-binding EF-hand. J Cell Biochem 1995: 57: 341-350.
173. Nakagawa M, Kukita T, Nakasima A, Kurisu K. Expression of the type I collagen gene in rat periodontal ligament during tooth movement as revealed by in situ hybridization. Arch Oral Biol 1994: 39: 289-294.
174. Nefussi JR, Casamajor P, Serfaty R, Bolle M, Hugly C, Forest N. Activated adult human alveolar bone cells: a new model of matrix mineralization. Eur J Oral Sci 1998: 106: 424-428.
175. Okamoto O, Fujiwara S, Abe M, Sato Y. Dermatopontin interacts with transforming growth factor beta and enhances its biological activity. Biochem J 1999: 337: 537-541.
176. Otto F, Thornell AP, Crompton T, Denzel A, Gilmour KC, Rosewell IR, Stamp GWH, Beddington RSP, Mundlos S, Olsen BR, Selby PB, Owen MJ. Cbfa1, a candidate gene for cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Cell 1997: 89: 765-771.
177. Overall CM, Wrana JL, Sodek J. Transforming growth factor-β regulation of collagenase, 72-kDa-progelatinase, TIMP and PAI-1 expression in rat bone cell populations and in human fibroblasts. In: Glimcher MJ, Lian JB, ed. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues. Chatham, MA: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1989: 289-294.
178. Pacifici R, Rifas L, McCracken R, Vered I, McMurtry C, Avioli LV, Peck WA. Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a post-menopausal increase in blood
179. Page AE, Hayman AR, Andersson LMB, Chambers TJ, Warburton MJ. Degradation of bone matrix proteins by osteoclast cathepsins. Int J Biochem 1993: 25: 545-550.
180. Palumbo C, Palazzini S, Marotti G. Morphological study of intercellular junctions during osteocyte differentiation. Bone 1990: 11: 401-406.
181. Palumbo C. A three-dimensional ultrastructural study of osteoid-osteocytes in the tibia of chick embryos. Cell Tissue Res 1986: 246: 125-131.
182. Parfitt AM. The cellular basis of bone turnover and bone loss. A rebuttal of the osteocytic resorption-bone flow theory. Clin Orthop 1977: 127: 236-247.
183. Parfitt AM. Bone and plasma calcium homeostasis. Bone 1987: 8: 51-58.
184. Parfitt AM. Plasma calcium control at quiescent bone surfaces: A new approach to the homeostatic function of bone lining cells. Bone 1989: 10: 87-88.
185. Parfitt AM. Bone-forming cells in clinical conditions. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone: the osteoblast and osteocyte. Vol. 1. Caldwell: The Telford Press, 1990: 351-429.
186. Pfeilschifter JP, Seyedin S, Mundy GR. Transforming growth factor inhibits bone resorption in fetal rat long bone cultures. J Clin Invest 1988: 82: 680-685.
187. 3 increases synthesis of the vitamin-K dependent bone protein by osteosarcoma cells. J Biol Chem 1980: 255: 11660-11663.
188. Price PA, Williamson MK. Effects of warfarin on bone. Studies on the vitamin K-dependent protein in rat bone. J Biol Chem 1981: 256: 12754-12759.
189. 3 regulates the biosynthesis of osteopontin, a bone-derived cell attachment protein, in clonal osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Collagen Rel Res 1987: 7: 305-313.
190. Puzas JE, Ishibe M. Osteoblast/osteoclast coupling. In: Rifkin BR, Gay CV, ed. Biology and physiology of the osteoclast. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992: 337-356.
191. Rao LG, Wang HM, Kalliecharan R, Heersche JN, Sodek J. Specific immunohistochemical localization of type I collagen in porcine periodontal tissues using the peroxidase-labelled antibody technique. Histochem J 1979: 11: 73-82.
192. Reddi AH. BMPs: actions in flesh and bone. Nat Med 1997: 3: 837-839.
193. Reddy SV, Roodman GD. Control of osteoclast differentiation. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 1998: 8: 1-17.
194. Rittling SR, Matsumoto HN, McKee MD, Nanci A, An XR, Novick KE, Kowalski AJ, Noda M, Denhardt DT. Mice lacking osteopontin show normal development and bone structure but display altered osteoclast formation in vitro. Bone Miner Res 1998: 13: 1101-1111.
195. Rodan GA, Harada S. The missing bone. Cell 1997: 89: 677-680.
196. Romanowski R, Jundt G, Termine JD, Von der Mark K, Schulz A. Immunoelectron microscopy of osteonectin and type I collagen in osteoblasts and bone matrix. Calcif Tissue Int 1990: 46: 353-360.
197. Romberg RW, Werness PG, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal growth by bone-specific and other calcium-binding proteins. Biochemistry 1986: 25: 1176-1180.
198. 3 causes formation of multinucleated cells with osteoclast characteristics in cultures of primate marrow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985: 82: 8213-8217.
199. 3 potentiate bone resorption. J Biol Chem 1993: 268: 9901-9907.
200. Saffar J-L, Lasfargues J-J, Cherruau M. Alveolar bone and the alveolar bone process: the socket that is never stable. Periodontol 2000 1997: 13: 76-90.
201. Salonen J, Domenicucci C, Goldberg HA, Sodek J. Immunohistochemical localization of SPARC protein (osteonectin) and denatured collagen and their relationship to tissue remodelling in rat dental tissues. Arch Oral Biol 1990 35: 337-346.
202. Santra M, Danielson KG, Iozzo RV. Structural and functional characterization of the human decorin gene promoter. A homopurine-homopyrimidine S1 nuclease-sensitive region is involved in transcriptional control. J Biol Chem 1994: 269: 579-587.
203. Sasaki T, Hohenester E, Gohring W, Timpl R. Crystal structure and mapping by site-directed mutagenesis of the collagen-binding epitope of an activated form of BM-40/ SPARC/osteonectin. EMBO J 1998: 17: 1625-1634.
204. Sasaki T, Ueno-Matsuda E. Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsins B and G in odontoclasts of human deciduous teeth. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 1881-1884.
205. Sato M, Morii E, Komori T, Kawahata H, Sugimoto M, Terai K, Shimizu H, Yasui T, Ogihara H, Yasui N, Ochi T, Kitamura Y, Ito Y, Nomura S. Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin gene in vivo by PEBP2alphaA/CBFA1 and ETS1 in the skeletal tissues. Oncogene 1998: 17: 1517-1525.
206. Sato M, Morii E, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Yasui N, Ochi T, Kitamura Y, Nomura S. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor interacts with PU.1 and c-Fos: determination of their subcellular localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999: 254: 384-387.
207. Scherft JP, Groot CG. The electron microscopic structure of the osteoblast. In: Bonucci E, Motta PM, ed. Ultrastructure of skeletal tissues: bone and cartilage in health and disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990: 209-222.
208. 2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin inhibits apatite formation in vitro and in mineralizing calvaria cells - a possible role in mineralization and calcium homeostasis. J Biol Chem 1996: 271: 20789-20796.
209. Schroeder HE. Biological problems of regenerative cementogenesis: synthesis and attachment of collagenous matrices on growing and established root surfaces. Int Rev Cytol 1992: 142: 1-59.
210. Schwarzbauer JE, Spencer CS. The Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the extracellular calcium binding protein SPARC/osteonectin affects nematode body morphology and mobility. Mol Biol Cell 1993: 4: 941-952.
211. Scott PG, Nakano T, Dodd CM, Pringle GA, Kuc IM. Proteoglycans of the articular disc of the bovine temperomandibular joint. II. Low molecular weight dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Matrix 1989: 9: 284-292.
212. Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Kelley M, Chang MS, Luthy R, Nguyen HQ, Wooden S, Bennett L, Boone T, Shimamoto G, DeRose M, Elliott R, Colombero A, Tan HL, Trail G, Sullivan J, Davy E, Bucay N, Renshaw-Gegg L, Hughes TM, Hill D, Pattison W, Campbell P, Boyle WJ. Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 1997: 89: 309-319.
213. Smith AJ, Singhrao SK, Newman GR, Waddington RJ, Embery G. A biochemical and immuno-electron microscopical analysis of chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans in human alveolar bone. Histochem J 1997: 29: 1-9.
214. Sodek J, Chen JK, Kasugai S, Nagata T, Zhang Q, McKee MD, Nanci A. Elucidating the functions of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in bone formation. In: Slavkin H, Price P, ed. Chemistry and biology of mineralized tissues. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1992: 297-306.
215. Sodek J, Ganss B, McKee MD. Osteopontin. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999: 10: 79-98.
216. Sodek J, Overall CM. Matrix metalloproteinases in periodontal tissue remodelling. Matrix 1992: 1(suppl): 352-362.
217. Sodek J. A comparison of the rates of synthesis and turnover of collagen and non-collagen proteins in adult rat periodontal tissues and skin using a microassay. Arch Oral Biol 1977: 22: 655-665.
218. Sommarin Y, Wendel M, Shen Z, Hellman U, Heinegärd D. Osteoadherin, a cell-binding keratan sulfate proteoglycan in bone, belongs to the family of leucine-rich repeat proteins of the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 1998 273: 16723-16729.
219. Soriano P, Montgomery C, Geske R, Bradley A. Targeted disruption of the c-src proto-oncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell 1991: 64: 693-702.
220. Sterling H, Saginario C, Vignery A. CD44 occupancy prevents macrophage multinucleation. J Cell Biol 1998: 143: 837-847.
221. Suda T, Udagawa N, Nakamura I, Miyaura C, Takahashi N. Modulation of osteoclast differentiation by local factors. Bone 1995: 17: 87S-91S.
222. +-ATPase in osteoclasts of four osteopetrotic mutations in the rat. Histochem Cell Biol 1999: 111: 55-60.
223. Superti-Furga A, Rocchi M, Schafer BW, Gitzelmann R. Complementary DNA sequence and chromosomal mapping of a human proteoglycan-binding cell-adhesion protein (dermatopontin). Genomics 1993 17: 463-467.
224. Suzuki N, Inukai M, Suzuki K, Nagai K, Hayashi A, Maeno M, Otsuka K. Cellular expression of alveolar bone-derived cells following mineralized nodule formation. J Hard Tissue Biol 1993: 2: 28-36.
225. Takagi M, Maeno M, Yamada T, Miyashita K, Otsuka K. Nature and distribution of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in rabbit alveolar bone. Histochem J 1996: 28: 341-351.
226. 3 than adult long term marrow cultures. J Bone Miner Res 1987: 2: 311-317.
227. Takahashi S, Goldring S, Katz M, Hilsenbeck S, Williams R, Roodman GD. Down regulation of calcitonin during human osteoclast-like cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 1995: 95: 167-171.
228. Takazawa Y, Rittling S, Furuya K, Yoshitake H, Yamashita T, Denhardt DT, Noda MJ. Interleukin-1-induced bone resorption does not occur in osteopontin-deficient mice. Bone Miner Res 1998: 23: abstr T184, S246.
229. Takeda K, Ichijo H, Fujii M, Mochida Y, Saitoh M, Nishitoh H, Sampath TK, Miyazono K. Identification of a novel bone morphogenetic protein-responsive gene that may function as a noncoding RNA. J Biol Chem 1998 273: 17079-85.
230. Talmage RV. Morphological and physiological considerations in a new concept of calcium transport in bone. Am J Anat 1970: 129: 467-476.
231. Tamaki K, Souchelnytskyi S, Itoh S, Nakao A, Sampath K, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P. Intracellular signaling of osteogenic protein-1 through Smad5 activation. J Cell Physiol 1998: 177: 355-363.
232. Taylor GW, Burt BA, Becker MP, Genco RJ, Schlossman M. Glycemic control and alveolar bone loss progression in type 2 diabetes. Ann Periodontol 1998: 3: 30-39.
233. Termine JD, Belcourt AB, Conn KM, Kleinman HK. Mineral and collagen-binding proteins of fetal calf bone. J Biol Chem 1981: 256: 10403-10408.
234. Termine JD, Kleinman HK, Whitson SW, Conn KM, McGarvey ML, Martin GR. Osteonectin, a bone-specific protein linking mineral to collagen. Cell 1981: 26: 99-105.
235. Teti A, Zambonin-Zallone A. Osteoclast cytoskeleton and attachment proteins. In: Rifkin BR, Gay CV ed. Biology and physiology of the osteoclast. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992: 245-257.
236. Thomson BM, Mundy GR, Chambers TJ. Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta induce osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption. J Immunol 1987: 138: 775-779.
237. Tondravi MM, McKercher SR, Anderson K, Erdmann JM, Quiroz M, Maki R, Teitelbaum SL Osteopetrosis in mice lacking haematopoietic transcription factor PU.1. Nature 1997 386: 81-84.
238. Tonna EA. An electron microscopic study of skeletal cell aging: the osteocyte. Exp Gerontol 1973: 8: 9-16.
239. Tonna EA. Electron microscopic evidence of alternating osteocytic osteoclastic and osteoplastic activity in the perilacunar walls of aging mice. Z Zellforsch 1972: 1: 221-230.
240. Traub W, Arad T, Weiner S. Origin of mineral crystal growth in collagen fibrils. Matrix 1992: 12: 251-255.
241. Trelstad RL, Hayashi K. Tendon collagen fibrillogenesis: intracellular subassemblies and cell surface changes associated with fibril growth. Dev Biol 1979: 71: 228-242.
242. 3: a novel immunoregulatory hormone. Science 1984: 224: 1438-1440.
243. Turner CH, Pavalko FM. Mechanotransduction and functional response of the skeleton to physical stress: the mechanisms and mechanics of bone adaptation. J Orthop Sci 1998: 3: 346-355.
244. +-ATPase type in the ruffled borders of osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 1990: 111: 1305-1311.
245. Väänänen HK, Parvinen E-K. High active isoenzyme of carbonic anhydrase in rat calvaria osteoclasts. Histochem 1983: 78: 481-485.
246. Veis A, Sabsay B. The collagen of mineralized matrices. In: Peck WA, ed. Bone Miner Res 1987: 5: 1-63.
247. Vetter U, Vogel W, Just W, Young MF, Fisher LW. Human decorin gene: intron-exon junctions and chromosomal localization. Genomics 1993: 15: 161-168.
248. Waddington RJ, Embery G. Structural characterization of human alveolar bone proteoglycans. Arch Oral Biol 1991: 36: 859-866.
249. Wang HM, Nanda V, Rao LG, Melcher AH, Heersche JN, Sodek J. Specific immunohistochemical localization of type III collagen in porcine periodontal tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. J Histochem Cytochem 1980: 28: 1215-1223.
250. Weiner S, Traub W. Organization of hydroxyapatite crystals within collagen fibrils. FEBS Lett 1986: 206: 262-266.
251. 3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein by odontoblasts and its deposition at the site of the calcification front in dentin. Calcif Tissue Res 1972: 8: 181-189.
252. Weinstock M, Leblond CP. Radioautographic visualization of the deposition of a phosphoprotein at the mineralization front in the dentin of the rat incisor. J Cell Biol 1973: 56: 838-845.
253. 3H-proline administration. J Cell Biol 1974: 60: 92-127.
254. 3H-proline administration. In: Slavkin HC, Greulich RC, ed. Extracellular matrix influences in gene expression. New York: Academic Press, 1975: 119-128.
255. 3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein by osteoblasts and its deposition into bone matrix. Calcif Tissue Int 1979: 27: 177-185.
256. Wendel M, Sommarin Y, Heinegärd D. Bone matrix proteins: isolation and characterization of a novel cell-binding keratan sulfate proteoglycan (osteoadherin) from bovine bone. J Cell Biol 1998: 141: 839-847.
257. Wozney JM. The bone morphogenetic protein family and osteogenesis. Mol Reprod Dev 1992: 32: 160-167.
258. Wrana JL, Maeno M, Hawrylyshyn B, Yao K-L, Domenicucci C, Sodek J. Differential effects of transforming growth factor-β on the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins by normal fetal rat calvarial bone cell populations. J Cell Biol 1988: 106: 915-921.
259. Xiao G, Wang D, Benson MD, Karsenty G, Franceschi RT Role of the alpha2-integrin in osteoblast-specific gene expression and activation of the Osf2 transcription factor. J Biol Chem 1998: 273: 32988-32994.
260. Xu T, Bianco P, Fisher LW, Longenecker G, Smith E, Goldstein S, Bonadio J, Boskey A, Heegaard AM, Sommer B, Satomura K, Dominguez P, Zhao C, Kulkarni AB, Robey PG, Young MF. Targeted disruption of the biglycan gene leads to an osteoporosis-like phenotype in mice. Nat Genet 1998 20: 78-82.
261. Yamauchi M, Katz EP, Mechanis GL Intermolecular cross-linking and stereospecific molecular packing in type I collagen fibrils of the periodontal ligament. Biochemistry 1986: 25: 4907-4913.
262. Yao K-L, Todescan Jr. R, Sodek J. Temporal changes in matrix protein synthesis and mRNA expression during mineralized tissue formation by adult rat bone marrow cells in culture. J Bone Miner Res 1994: 9: 231-240.
263. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S-I, Tomoyasu A, Yano K, Goto M, Murakami A, Tsuda E, Morinaga T, Higashio K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Suda T. Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998: 95: 3597-3602.
264. Yeager VL, Chiemchanya S, Chaiseri P. Changes in size of lacunae during the life of osteocytes in osteons of compact bone. J Gerontol 1975: 30: 9-14.
265. Yoshida H, Hayashi S, Kunisada T, Ogawa M, Nishikawa S, Okumura H, Sudo T, Shultz LD, Nishikawa S-I. The murine mutation osteopetrosis is in the coding region of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene. Nature 1990: 345: 442-444.
266. Yoshitake H, Rittling S, Denhardt DT, Noda M. Osteopontin-deficient mice are resistant to ovariectomy-induced bone resorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999: 96: 8156-8160.
267. Young MF, Ibaraki K, Kerr JM, Heegard A-M. Molecular and cellular biology of the major noncollagenous proteins in bone. In: Noda M, ed. Cellular and molecular biology of bone. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993: 191-234.
268. Young MF, Kerr JM, Termine JD, Wewer UM, Wang MG, McBride OW, Fisher LW. cDNA cloning, mRNA distribution and heterogeneity, chromosomal location, and RFLP analysis of human osteopontin (OPN). Genomics 1990: 7: 491-502.
269. Zohar R, Sodek J, McCulloch CAG. Characterization of stromal progenitor cells enriched by flow cytometry. Blood 1997: 90: 3471-3481.
270. Zohar R, Lee W, Arora P, Cheifetz S, McCulloch C, Sodek J. Single cell analysis of intracellular osteopontin in osteogeniccultures of fetal rat calvarial cells. Cell Physiol 1997: 170: 88-100.
271. Zung P, Domenicucci C, Wasi S, Kuwata F, Sodek J. Osteonectin is a minor component of mineralized connective tissues in rat. Can J Biochem Cell Biol 1986: 64: 356-362.