Interleukins in the control of osteoclast differentiation

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 107-123

  Martin, T J ^a   Romas, E ^a   Gillespie, M T ^a  

^a ST VINCENT'S INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Australia)

Author keywords

Glycoprotein 130; Interleukin 18; Interleukin 11; Osteoclast differentiating factor; Osteoprotegerin; TRANCE

Indexed keywords

COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 11; INTERLEUKIN 18; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; OSTEOPROTEGERIN;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOBLAST; OSTEOCLAST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0032471079     PISSN: 10454403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v8.i2.10     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Abrahamsen B, Bendtzen K, Beck-Nielsen H (1997): Cytokines and T-lymphocyte subsets in healthy post-menopausal women: estrogen retards bone loss without affecting the release of IL-1 or IL-1ra. Bone 20:251-258.
2. Akatsu T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Imamura K, Yamaguchi A, Sato K, Nagata N, Suda T (1991): Role of prostaglandins in interleukin-1-induced bone resorption in mice in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 6:183-189.
3. Al-Humidan A, Ralston SH, Hughes DE, Chapman K, Aarden L, Russell RGG, Gowen M (1991): Interleukin-6 does not stimulate bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvariae. J Bone Miner Res 6:3-8.
4. Ammann P, Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP, Bourrin S, Meyer J-M, Vassalli P, Garcia I (1997): Transgenic mice expressing soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor are protected against bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. J Clin Invest 99:1699-1703.
5. Anderson DM, Maraskovsky E, Billingley WL, Dougall WC, Tometsko M, Roux E, Teepe MC, DuBose RF, Cosman D, Galibert L (1997): A homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhances T-cell growth and dendritic cell function. Nature (Lond.) 345:175-179.
6. Arend WP, Dayer DJ (1995): Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 38:151-160.
7. Athanasou NA, Quinn J, McGee JO (1988): Immunocytochemical analysis of the human osteoclast: phenotype relationship to other marrow derived cells. J Bone Miner Res 3:317-333.
8. Baron R, Neff L, Louvard D, Courtoy PJ (1985): Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: Evidence for a low pH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100 kD lysosomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border. J Cell Biol 101:2210-2222.
9. Bazzoni F, Beutler B (1996): The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. N Engl J Med 334:1717-1725.
10. Bellido T, Girasole G, Passeri G, Jilka RL, Manolagas SC (1994): gp130 mRNA is increased by PTH and cytokines and decreased by sex steroids in stromal-osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Res 9(Suppl 1):S123.
11. Bellido T, Girasole G, Passeri G, Yu XP, Mocharla H, Jilka RJ, Notides A, Manolagas SC (1993): Demonstration of estrogen and vitamin D receptors in bone marrow-derived stromal cells: upregulation of the estrogen receptor by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3. Endocrinology 133:553-562.
12. Black K, Garrett IR, Mundy GR (1991): Chinese hamster ovarian cells transfected with the murine interleukin-6 gene cause hypercalcemia as well as cachexia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in tumor-bearing nude mice. Endocrinology 128:2657-2659.
13. Boyde A, Jones J (1979): Estimation of the size of resorption lacunae in mammalian calcified tissues using SEM stereogrammetry. In Johari O, O'Hare AMF (eds): "Scanning Electron Microscopy, " Vol. 2. SEM Inc, 393-402.
14. Buchinsky FJ, Ma YF, Mann G (1996): T lymphocytes play a critical role in the development of cyclosporin induced osteopenia. Endocrinology 137:2278-2285.
15. Burger EH, Van der Meer JWM, Van de Gevel JS, Gribnau JC, Thesingh CW, Van Furth R (1982): In vitro formation of osteoclasts from long-term cultures of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes. J Exp Med 156:1604-1614.
16. Chambers TJ, Horton MA (1984): Failure of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series to resorb bone. Calcif Tissue Int 36:556-558.
17. Chambers TJ, McSheehy PMJ, Thomson BM, Fuller K (1985): The effect of calcium-regulating hormones and prostaglandins on bone resorption by osteoclasts disaggregated from neonatal rabbit bones. Endocrinology 60:234-239.
18. Chaudhary LR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL (1992): Production of various cytokines by normal human osteoblast cells in response to interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α: Lack of regulation by 17-beta-estradiol. Endocrinology 130:2528-2534.
19. Cohen-Solal M, Graulet AM, Denne MA, Gueris J, Baylink D, de Vernejoul MC (1993): Peripheral monocyte culture supernatants of menopausal women can induce bone resorption: involvement of cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1648-53.
20. Davies J, Warwick J, Totty N, Philp R, Helfrich M, Horton M (1989): The osteoclast functional antigen implicated in the regulation of bone resorption is biochemically related to the vitronectin receptor. J Cell Biol 109:1817-1826.
21. Davis S, Aldrich TH, Ip NY, Stahl N, Scherer S, Farruggella T, Di Stefano PS, Curtis R, Panayotas N, Gascan H, Chevalier S, Yancopoulos GD (1993b): Released form of CNTF receptor a component as a soluble mediator of CNTF responses. Science 259:1736-1739.
22. Davis S, Aldrich TH, Stahl N, Pan L, Taga T, Kishimoto T, Ip NY, Yancopoulos GD (1993a): LIFRb and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor. Science 260:1805-1808.
23. De La Mata J, Uy H, Guise TA, Story B, Boyce BF, Mundy GR, Roodman GD (1995): IL-6 enhances hypercalcaemia and bone resorption mediated by PTH-rP in vivo. J Clin Invest 95:2846-2852.
24. Du XX, Williams DA (1997): Interleukin-11: review of molecular, cell biology and clinical use. Blood 89:3897-3908.
25. Elias JA, Lentz V (1990): IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor synergistically stimulate fibroblast IL-6 production and stabilize IL-6 messenger RNA. J Immunol 145:161-166.
26. Elias JA, Tang W, Horowitz MC (1995): Cytokine and hormonal stimulation of human osteosarcoma interleukin-11 production. Endocrinology 136:489-98.
27. Feldman GM, Petricoin EF, David M, Larner AC, Finbloom DS (1994): Cytokines that associate with the signal transducer gp130 activate the interferon-induced transcription factor p91 by tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 269:10747-10752.
28. Felix R, Fleisch H, Elford PR (1989): Bone resorbing cytokines enhance release of macrophage colony stimulating activity by osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1. Calcif Tissue Int 44:356-360.
29. Felix R, Halasy NJ, Wetterwald A, Cecchini MG, Fleisch H, Hofstetter W (1996): Synthesis of membrane- and matrix-bound colony-stimulating factor-1 by cultured osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 166:311-22.
30. Fiorelli G, Gori F, Frediani U (1995): Evidence for bioeffects of LY 139478 on the human pre-osteoblastic cell line FLG 29.1. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 211:857-863.
31. Fossiez F, Djossou O, Chomarat P (1996): T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J Exp Med 183:2593-2603.
32. Garrett IR, Durie B, Nedwin G (1987): Production of lymphotoxin, a bone resorbing cytokine, by cultured human myeloma cells. New Engl J Med 317:526-532.
33. Girasole G, Jilka RL, Passeri G, Boswell S, Boder G, Williams DC, Manolagas SC (1992): 17 beta-estradiol inhibits interleukin-6 production by bone marrow-derived stromal cells and osteoblasts in vitro: a potential mechanism for the antiosteoporotic effect of estrogens. J Clin Invest 89:883-91.
34. Girasole G, Passeri G, Jilka RL, Manolagas SC (1994): Interleukin-11: a new cytokine critical for osteoclast development. J Clin Invest 93:1516-24.
35. Gothlin G, Ericsson JLE (1976): The osteoclast: review of ultrastructure, origin, structure-function relationship. Clin Orthop 120:201-231.
36. Gowen M, Wood DD, Ihrie EJ, McGuire MKB, Russell RGG (1983): An interleukin-1-like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. Nature 306:378-380.
37. Grey A, Mitnick M, Manolagas SC, Jilka RL, Insogna K (1997): Interleukin-6 mediates PTH-induced bone resorption in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 12(Suppl 1):S112
38. Gubrij I, Lecka-Czernik B, Kajkenova O, Moerman E, O'Brien C, Lipschitz D, Manolagas SC, Jilka RL (1997): Isolation of clonal cell lines with distinct potential towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or both: association of the osteoclast support function with bipotentiality. J Bone Miner Res 12(Suppl 1):S183
39. Gulshan S, McCruden AB, Stimson WH (1990): Estrogen receptors in macrophages. Scand J Immunol 31:691-697.
40. Hattersley G, Chambers TJ (1989): Calcitonin receptors as markers for osteoclastic differentiation: Correlation between generation of bone-resorptive cells and cells that express calcitonin receptors in mouse bone marrow cultures. Endocrinology 125:1606-1612.
41. Hattersley G, Kerby JA, Chambers TJ (1991): Generation of osteoclast precursors in multilineage hemopoietic colonies. Endocrinology 128:259-262.
42. Holtrop ME, King GJ (1977): The ultrastucture of the osteoclast and its functional implications. Clin Orthop Rel Res 123:177-196.
43. Horne WC, Neff L, Chatterjee D, Lomri A, Levy JB, Baron R (1992): Osteoclasts express high levels of pp60c-src in association with intracellular membranes. J Cell Biol 119:1003-1013.
44. Horton MA, Lewis D, Mcnulty K, Pringle J, Chambers TJ (1985): Monoclonal antibodies to osteoclastomas (giant cell tumors): definition of osteoclast specific cellular antigens. Cancer Res 45:5663-5669.
45. Horwood N, Udagawa N, Elliott J, Grail D, Okamura H, Kurimoto M, Dunn A, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT (1998): IL-18 inhibits osteoclast formation via T-cell production of GM-CSF. J Clin Invest 101:595-603.
46. Hustmyer FG, Walker X-P, Yu G, Girasole G, Sakagami M, Peacock M, Manolagas SC (1993): Cytokine production and surface antigen expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 8:51-59.
47. Ishimi Y, Miyaura C, He JC, Akatsu T, Abe E, Nakamura Y, Yamaguchi A, Yoshiki S, Matsuda T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Suda T (1990): IL-6 is produced by osteoblasts and induces bone resorption. J Immunol 145:3297-3303.
48. Jimi E, Nakamura I, Amano H, Taguchi Y, Tsurukai T, Tamura M, Takahashi N, Suda T (1996): Osteoclast function is activated by osteoblastic cells through a mechanism involving cell-to-cell contact. Endocrinology 137:2187-90.
49. Jimi E, Shuto T, Koga T (1995): Macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin 1a maintain the survival of osteoclast-like cells. Endocrinology 136:808-811.
50. + T lymphocytes in osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Endocrinology 137:2457-2463.
51. Kahn AJ, Simmons DJ (1975): On the histiogenesis of cells in fracture callus. Electron microscopic and autoradiographic observations in parabiotic rats and studies on labeled monocytes. Virchow Arch [B] 12:318-329.
52. Kawasaki K, Yokose S, Nakamura T (1997): Osteoclasts are present in gp130 deficient mice. Endocrinology 138:4959-4965.
53. Kim CH, Shong YK, Kim GS (1997): Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-11 production by dexamethasone in human bone marrow stromal osteoprogenitor cells. J Bone Miner Res 12(Suppl.):S437.
54. Kim GS, Chul CK, Choi CS, Park JY, Lee K (1997): Involvement of different second messengers in parathyroid hormone- and interleukin-1-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 production in human bone marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 12:896-902.
55. Kimble RB, Srivastava S, Ross FP, Matayoshi A, Pacifici R (1996): Estrogen deficiency increases the ability of stromal cells to support murine osteoclastogenesis via an interleukin-1-and tumor necrosis factor mediated stimulation of macrophage colony stimulating factor production. J Biol Chem 271:935-941.
56. Kimble RB, Vannice JL, Bloedow DC, Thompson RC, Hopfer W, Kung VT, Brownfield C, Pacifici R (1994): Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases bone loss and bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 93:1959-1967.
57. Kishimoto T (1994): Signal transduction through homo- or heterodimers of gp130. Stem Cells Dayt 1:31-44.
58. Kishimoto T, Akira S, Narazaki M, Taga T (1995): Interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130. Blood 86:1243-1254.
59. Kishimoto T, Taga T, Akira S (1994): Cytokine signal transduction. Cell 76:253-262.
60. Kodama Y, Takeuchi Y, Suzawa M, Fukumoto S, Kurokawa T, Murayama H, Yamato H, Matsumoto T (1996): Reduced expression of IL-11 from bone marrow stromal cells of senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P6): a role for impaired osteoblast and osteoclast formation. J Bone Miner Res 11 (Suppl 1):S105.
61. Kurihara N, Bertolini D, Suda T, Akiyama Y, Roodman GD (1990): Interleukin-6 stimulates osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation in long-term human marrow cultures by inducing IL-1 release. J Immunol 144:426-430.
62. Kwon BS, Tan KB, Ni J, Lee K-O, Kim K-K, Kim YJ, Wang S, Gentz R, Yu GL, Harrop J, Lyn SD, Silverman C, Porter TG, Truneh A, Young PR (1997): A newly identified member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with a wide tissue distribution and involvement lymphocyte activation. J Biol Chem 272:14272-14276.
63. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan H-L, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, Elliott R, Colombero A, Elliott G, Scully S, Hsu H, Sullivan J, Hawkins N, Davy E, Capparelli C, Eli A, Qian Y-X, Kaufman S, Sarosi I, Shalhoub V, Senaldi G, Guo J, Delaney J, Boyle WJ (1998): Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93:165-176.
64. Lee MY, Eyre DR, Osborne WR (1991): Isolation of a murine osteoclast colony stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8500-8504.
65. Lin S-C, Yamate T, Taguchi Y, Borba VZC, Girasole G, O'Brien CA, Bellido T, Abe E, Manolagas SC (1997): Regulation of the gp80 and gp130 subunits of the IL-6 receptor by sex steroids in the murine bone marrow. J Clin Invest 100:1980-1990.
66. Lorenzo JA, Sousa SL, Alander C, Raisz LG, Dinarello CA (1987): Comparison of the bone resorbing activity in the supernatants from phytohemaglutinin stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with that of cytokines through the use of an antiserum to interleukin 1. Endocrinology 121:1164-1170.
67. Lorenzo JA, Souss SL, Fonseca JM, Hock JM, Medlock ES (1987): Colony stimulating factors regulate the development of multinucleated osteoclasts from recently replicated cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 160:160-164.
68. Lowik CW, Van der Plujim G, Bloys H, Hoekeman K, Bijvoet OLM, Aarden LA, Papapoulos SE (1989): PTH and PTHrP stimulate IL-6 production by osteogenic cells: a possible role of interleukin-6 in osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162:1546-1552.
69. MacDonald BR, Mundy GR, Clark S, Wang EA, Kuehl TJ, Stanley ER, Roodman GD (1986): Effects of human recombinant CSF-GM and highly purified CSF-1 on the formation of multinucleated cells with osteoclast characteristics in long-term bone marrow cultures. J Bone Miner Res 1:227-233.
70. Marks SC, Hermey DC (1996): The structure and development of bone. In Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA (eds): "Principles of Bone Biology." San Diego, London: Academic Press, 3-14.
71. Martin TJ, Ng KW (1994): Mechanisms by which cells of the osteoblast lineage control osteoclast formation and activity. J Cell Biochem 56:357-366.
72. Martin TJ, Ng KW, Nicholson GC (1988): Cell biology of bone. In: Balliere's "Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism," Vol. 2. London: Balliere Tindal, 1-29.
73. Martin TJ, Ng KW, Suda T (1989): Bone cell physiology. Endocrinol Metab Clin NA 18:833-858.
74. Martin TJ, Udagawa N (1998): Hormonal regulation of osteoclast function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 9:6-12.
75. Marx SJ, Auerbach GD, Gavin JR, Buell DW (1974): Calcitonin receptors on cultured human lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 249:6812-6816.
76. Matayoshi A, Brown C, DiPersio J, Haug J, Abu-Amer Y, Liapis H, Kuestner R, Pacifici R (1996): Human blood-mobilized hematopoietic precursors differentiate into osteoclasts in the absence of stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10785-10790.
77. McHugh KP, Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (1995): Interleukin 13, like interleukin 4, modulates murine osteoclastogenesis and expression of integrins on osteoclast precursors. J Bone Miner Res 10(Suppl):S487.
78. McSheehy PM, Chambers TJ (1986): Osteoblastic cells mediate osteoclastic responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology 118:824-828.
79. McSheehy PM, Chambers TJ (1987): 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates rat osteoblastic cells to release a soluble factor that increases osteoclastic bone resorption. J Clin Invest 80:279-286.
80. Metcalf D (1984): The colony stimulating factors. In: "The Hemopoietic Colony Stimulating Factors." Amsterdam: Elsevier, 55-96.
81. Miyaura C, Onoe Y, Ohta H (1995): Interleukin 13 inhibits bone resorption by suppressing cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA expression and prostaglandin production in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 10(Suppl):S158.
82. Mundy GR (1993): Cytokines of bone. In Mundy GR, Martin TJ (eds): "Physiology and Pharmacology of Bone." Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 185-214.
83. Mundy GR (1996): An OAF by any other name [editorial]. Endocrinology 137:1149-1150.
84. Mundy GR, Roodman GD (1987): Osteoclast ontogeny and function. In Peck WA (ed): "Bone and Mineral Research," Vol. 5. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
85. Nicholson GC, Moseley JM, Sexton PM, Mendelsohn FAO, Martin TJ (1986): Abundant calcitonin receptors in isolated osteoclasts. Biochemical and autoradiographic characterization. J Clin Invest 78:355-360.
86. Okada Y, Kaka K, Kawamura K, Matsumoto T, Nakanishi I, Fujimoto N, Sato H, Seiki M (1985): Localization of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase = gelatinase B in human osteoclasts: implications for bone resorption. Lab Invest 72:311-322.
87. Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, Torigoe K, Okura T, Nukada Y, Hattori K (1995): Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T-cells. Nature (Lond.) 378:88-91.
88. Oursler MJ, Osdoby P, Pyfferoen J, Riggs BL (1991): Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:6613-6617.
89. Pacifici R, Rifas L, McCracken R, Vered I, McMurtry C, Avioli LV, Peck WA (1989): Ovarian steroid treatment blocks a postmenopausal increase in blood monocyte interleukin-1 release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2398-2402.
90. Parfitt AM (1994): Osteonal and hemiosteonal remodeling: the spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone. J Cell Biochem 55:273-286.
91. Pfeilschifter J, Chenu C, Bird A, Mundy GR, Roodman GD (1989): Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate the formation of human osteoclast-like cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 4:113-118.
92. Poli V, Balena R, Fattori E, Markatos A, Yamamoto M, Tanaka H, Ciliberto G, Rodan GA, Costantini F (1994): Interleukin-6 deficient mice are protected from bone loss caused by estrogen depletion. EMBO J 13:1189-96.
93. Pollard JW, Stanley ER (1996): Pleiotropic roles for CSF-1 in development defined by the mouse mutation osteopetrotic. Adv Devel Biochem 4:153-193.
94. Rickard D, Russell G, Gowen M (1992): Oestradiol inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-6 from adult human osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoporosis Int 2:94-102.
95. Rifas L, Kenney JS, Marcelli M (1995): Production of interleukin-6 in human osteoblasts and human bone marrow stromal cells: evidence that induction by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is not regulated by ovarian steroids. Endocrinology 136:4056-67.
96. Romas E, Udagawa N, Zhou H, Tamura T, Saito T, Taga T, Hilton DJ, Suda T, Ng KW, Martin TJ (1996): The role of gp130-mediated signals in osteoclast development: regulation of interleukin 11 production by osteoblasts and distribution of its receptor in bone marrow cultures. J Exp Med 183:2581-2591.
97. Roodman GD (1992): Interleukin-6: an osteotropic factor? J Bone Miner Res 7:475-478.
98. Roodman GD (1996): Advances in bone biology: the osteoclast. Endocrine Rev 17:308-332.
99. Rosen CJ, Usiskin K, Owens M (1990): T lymphocyte surface antigen markers in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 5:851-855.
100. Sabatini M, Boyce BF, Aufdemorte TB, Bonewald L, Mundy GR (1988): Infusions of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha and beta cause hypercalcaemia in normal mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:5235-5239.
101. Saito M, Yoshida K, Hibi M, Taga T, Kishimoto T (1992): Molecular cloning of a murine IL-6 receptor-associated signal transducer, gp130, and its regulated expression in vivo. J Immunol 148:4066-4071.
102. Sarma U, Flanagan AM (1996): Macrophage colony stimulating factor induces substantial osteoclast generation and bone resorption in human bone marrow cultures. Blood 88:2531-2540.
103. 2. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 141:285-291.
104. 2 and bone resorption by recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha in fetal mouse bones. Bichem Biophys Res Commun 138:618-624.
105. Scheven BAA, Visser JWM, Nijweide PJ (1986): In vitro osteoclast generation from different bone marrow fractions, including a highly enriched haematopoietic stem cell population. Nature 321:79-81.
106. Schneider GB, Relfson M (1988): A bone marrow fraction enriched for granulocyte-macrophage progenitors gives rise to osteoclasts in vitro. Bone 9:303-308.
107. Seghal PB, Rayanade R, Pan H, Margulies L (1995): Interleukin-6-type cytokines. In Mackiewicz A, Koj A, Sehgal PB (eds): "Interleukin-6-Type Cytokines," Vol. 762. New York. NY: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1-14.
108. Shevde N, Anklesaria P, Greenberger JS, Bleiberg I, Glowacki J (1994): Stromal cell-mediated stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 205:306-315.
109. Shuto T, Kukita M, Hirata E, Jimi E, Koga T (1994): Dexamethasone stimulates osteoclast-like cell formation by inhibiting granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor production in mouse bone marrow cultures. Endocrinology 134:1121-1126.
110. Simonet WS, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Kelley M, Chang M-S, Luthy R, Nguyen HQ, Wooden S, Bennett L, Boone T (1997): Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89:309-319.
111. Skjødt H, Russell G (1992): Bone cell biology and the regulation of bone turnover. In Gowen M (ed): "Cytokines and Bone Metabolism." Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1-70.
112. Soriano P, Montgomery C, Geske R, Bradley A (1991): Targeted disruption of the c-src protooncogene leads to osteopetrosis in mice. Cell 64:693-702.
113. Stahl N, Yancopoulos G (1993): The alphas, betas, and kinases of cytokine receptor complexes. Cell 74:587.
114. Suda T, Nakamura I, Jimi E, Takahashi N (1997): Regulation of osteoclast function. J Bone Miner Res 12:869-879.
115. Suda T, Takahashi N, Martin TJ (1992): Modulation of osteoclast differentiation. Endocrine Rev 13:66-80.
116. Suda T, Takahashi N, Martin TJ (1995): Modulation of osteoclast differentiation: update 1995. Endocrine Rev 4:266-270.
117. Sykes M, Sharabi Y, Sachs DH (1990): Natural suppressor cells in spleens of irradiated bone marrow: lack of SCA-1 expression and enrichment by depletion of MAC-1 positive cells. Cell Immunol 127:260-274.
118. Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Sasaki T, Nicholson GC, Moseley JM, Martin TJ, Suda T (1988b): Induction of calcitonin receptors by 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in osteoclast-like multinucleated cells formed from mouse bone marrow cultures. Endocrinology 123:1504-1510.
119. Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Udagawa N, Sasaki T, Yamaguchi A, Moseley JM, Martin TJ, Suda T (1988a): Osteoblastic cells are involved in osteoclast formation. Endocrinology 123:2600-2602.
120. Tamura T, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Miyaura C, Tanaka S, Yamada Y, Koishihara Y, Ohsugi Y, Kumaki K, Taga T, Kishimoto T, Suda T (1993): Soluble interleukin-6 receptor triggers osteoclast formation by interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:11924-8.
121. Tanaka S, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Sasaki T, Fukui Y, Kurokowa T, Suda, T (1992): Osteoclasts express high levels of pp60c-src, preferentially on ruffled border membranes. FEBS Lett 313:85-89.
122. Tanaka S, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Tamura T, Akatsu T, Stanley ER, Kurokawa T, Suda T (1993): Macrophage colony stimulating factor is indispensable for both proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. J Clin Invest 91:257-263.
123. Tashjian AH, Lazzaro M, Goad D, Bosma T, Levine L (1987): Tumor necrosis factor-a (cachectin) stimulates bone resorption in mouse calvaria via a prostaglandin mediated mechanism. Endocrinology 120:2029-2036.
124. Thomson BM, Mundy GR, Chambers TJ (1987): Tumor necrosis factors α and β induce osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption. J Immunol 138:???.
125. Thomson BM, Saklatvala J, Chambers TJ (1986): Osteoblasts mediate interleukin-1 stimulation of bone resorption by rat osteoclasts. J Exp Med 164:104-112.
126. Tsuda E, Goto M, Mochizuki S, Yano K, Kobayashi F, Morinaga T, Higashio K (1997): Isolation of a novel cytokine from human fibroblasts that specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234:137-142.
127. Udagawa N, Horwood N, Elliott J, Mackay A, Owens J, Okamura H, Kurimoto M, Chambers TJ, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT. (1997): Interleukin-18 (Interferon-γ inducing factor) is produced by osteoblasts and acts via granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and not via interferon-gamma to inhibit osteoclast formation. J Exp Med 185:1005-1012.
128. Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Tanaka H, Sasaki T, Nishihari T, Kosa T, Martin TJ, Suda T (1990): Origin of osteoclasts: mature monocytes and macrophages are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts under a suitable microenvironment prepared by bone marrow derived stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:7260-7264.
129. 2 synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 12(Suppl 1): S438, #S342.
130. Ushio S, Namba M, Okura T, Hattori K, Nukada Y, Akita K, Tanabe F, Konishi K, Micallef M (1996): Cloning of a cDNA for human IFN-gamma-inducing factor, expression in Escherichia coli, and studies on the biologic activities of the protein. J Immunol 156:4274-4279.
131. +-ATPase type in the ruffled borders of osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 111:1305-1311.
132. Vaes G (1988): Cellular biology and biochemical mechanism of bone resorption: A review of recent developments on the formation, activation, and mode of action of osteoclasts. Clin Orthop Rel Res 231:239-271.
133. Walker DG (1975): Control of bone resorption by hematopoietic tissue. The induction and reversal of congenital osteopetrosis in mice through use of bone and splenic transplants. J Exp Med 142:651-663.
134. Walker DG (1973): Osteopetrosis cured by temporary parabiosis. Science 180:875-880.
135. Weir EC, Horowitz MC, Baron R (1993): Macrophage colony stimulating factor release and receptor expression in bone cells. J Bone Miner Res 8(Suppl):S151.
136. Wong BR, Josien R, Lee SY, Sauter B, Li H-L, Steinman RM, Choi Y (1997a): TRANCE (Tumor necrosis factor related activation induced cytokine), a new TNF family member predominantly expressed in T cells, is a dendritic cell-specific survival factor. J Exp Med 186:2075-2080
137. Wong BR, Rho J, Arron J, Robinson E, Orlinick J, Chao M, Kalachikov S, Cayan E, Bartlett F, Frankel W, Lee SY, Choi Y (1997b): TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells. J Biol Chem 272:25190-25194.
138. Woodroofe C, Muller W, Ruther U (1992): Long-term consequences of interleukin-6 overexpression in transgenic mice. DNA Cell Biol 11:587-592.
139. Yamamoto I, Potts JT, Segre GV (1983): Circulating bovine lymphocytes contain receptors for PTH. J Clin Invest 71:404-407.
140. Yao GQ, Sun B, Hammond E, Spencer E, Horowitz MC, Insogna KL, Weir EC (1996): The cell surface form of colony stimulating factor-1 is regulated by osteotropic agents and supports formation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. J Biol Chem 273:4119-4128.
141. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Mochizuki S, Yano K, Fujise N, Sato Y, Goto M, Yamaguchi K, Kuriyama M, Kanno T, Murakami A, Tsuda E (1998b): Identity of osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG): a mechanism by which OPG/OCIF inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Endocrinology 139:1329-1337.
142. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S-I, Tomoyasu A, Yano K, Goto M, Murakami A, Tsuda E, Moringa T, Higashio K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Suda T (1998a): Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/ osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:3597-3602.
143. Yoshida S, Domon T, Wakita M (1989): Studies of the clear zone of osteoclasts: immunohistological aspects of its form and distribution. Arch Histol Cytol 52:573.