Molecular architecture and biorecognition processes of the cystine knot protein superfamily: Part I. The glycoprotein hormones

Journal of Molecular Recognition

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 223-278

  Hearn, Milton T W ^a   Gomme, Peter T ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Carbohydrate structures; Cystine knot proteins; Epitope mapping; Glycoprotein hormones; Homology modelling; Mutagenesis; Receptor binding domain; Receptors, peptide analogues; Signal transduction; Structure function

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; CYSTINE KNOT PROTEIN; DOPAMINE; FOLLITROPIN; GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SUPERFAMILY; THYROTROPIN;

EID: 0033829535     PISSN: 09523499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1099-1352(200009/10)13:5<223::AID-JMR501>3.0.CO;2-L     Document Type: Review

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102. The disulphide bond structure of thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit
103. Contribution of specific disulphide bonds to two epitopes of thyrotropin β-subunit associated with receptor recognition
104. Design of a long-acting follitropin agonist by fusing the C-terminal sequence of the chorionic gonadotrophin β subunit to the follitropin β subunit
105. The asparagine-linked sugar chains of human follicle-stimulating hormone
106. The gonad stimulating and luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis
107. Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the α-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin
108. Structure, expression and evolution of the genes for the human glycoprotein hormones
109. Expression and secretion of a biologically active glycoprotein hormone, ovine follicle stimulating hormone, by Pichia pastoris
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147. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids 33-44 of the common α-subunit reveals different structural requirements for heterodimer expression among the glycoprotein hormones and suggests that cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production and growth promotion are potentially dissociable functions of human thyrotropin
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155. Conformational behaviour of polypeptides and proteins in reversed phase environments
156. Physicochemical factors in protein purification
157. Sex steroid metabolism and follicular development in the ovary
158. High-affinity NGF binding requires coexpression of the trk proto-ongogene and the low affinity NGF receptor
159. An introduction to the cytokines
160. The antigenic structure of poliovirus
161. Amino/carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of human choriogonadotropin beta
162. Acute effect of thyrotrophin on phosphatidylinositol degradation and transient accumulation of diacylglycerol in isolated thyroid follicles
163. Molecular insights into the structure and function of human chorionic gonadotrophin
164. Cystine Knots
165. Mapping epitopes on a protein antigen by the proteolysis of antigen-antibody complexes
166. 383 in the second transmembrane domain of the lutropin receptor is important for high affinity hormone binding and cAMP production
167. Exons 1-10 of the rat LH receptor enclode a high affinity hormone binding site and exon 11 encodes G-protein modulation and G-protein modulation and a potential second hormone binding site
168. Human chorionic gonadotropin binds to a lutropin receptor with essentially no N-terminal extension and stimulates cAMP synthesis
169. Receptor activation is distinct from hormone binding in intact lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptors and Asp397 is important for receptor activation
170. N-linked oligosaccharides are not required for hormone binding of the lutropin in a leydig tumor cell line and rat granulosa cells
171. 91 of the hormone
172. Structural predictions for the ligand-binding region of the glycoprotein hormone receptors and the nature of hormone-receptor interactions
173. The G protein family and their interaction with receptors
174. Recombinant thyrotrophin containing a β-subunit chimera with the human chorionic gonadotrophin-β carboxy-terminus is biologically active, with aprolonged plasma half-life: Role of carbohydrate in bioactivity and metabolic clearance
175. Disruption of N-linked glycosylation of bovine luteinizing hormone β-subunit by site-directed mutagensis dramatically increases its intracellular stability but does not affect biological activity of the secreted heterodimer
176. Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates multiple follicular growth, but minimal estrogen production in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist-treated monkeys: Examining the role of luteinizing hormone in follicular development and steriodogenesis
177. Expression and purification of biologically active porcine follicle-stimulating hormone in insect cells bearing a baculovirus vector
178. A receptor-binding region in human choriogonadotropin/lutropin β subunit
179. Role of the β93-100 determinant loop sequence in receptor binding and biological activity of human luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin
180. Relative location of epitopes involved in synergistic antibody binding using human chorionic gonadotropin as a model
181. Relationships in the structure and function of receptors for glycoprotein hormones, bacterial toxins, and interferon
182. Cloning and regulation of glycoproteinhormone receptor genes
183. Further characterisation of a high affinity thyrotropin binding site on the rat thyrotropin receptor which is an epitope for blocking antibodies from idiopathic myxedema patents but not thyroid stimulating autoantibodies from Graves' patients
184. Site directed mutagenesis of a portion of the extra-cellular domain of the rat thyrotropin receptor important in autoimmune thyroid disease and nonhomologous with the gonadotropin receptors: Relationship of functional and immunogenic domains
185. Mutation of alanine 623 in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of the rat TSH receptor results in a loss in the phosphoinositide but not cAMP signal induced by TSH and receptor autoantibodies
186. Substitutions of different regions of the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of the thyrotropin [TSH] receptor have selective effects on constitutive, TSH-, and TSH receptor autoantibody-stimulated phosphoinositide and camp signal generation
187. Alternative splicing of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor pre-mRNA: Cloning and characterization of two alternatively spliced mRNA transcripts
188. Identification of subunit contact sites on the alpha-subunit of lutropin
189. Comparative mapping of human thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and free subunits with antipeptide antibodies
190. Enhanced stimulation of follicle maturation and ovulatory potential by long acting follicle-stimulating hormone agonists with extended carboxyl-terminal peptides
191. Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotrophin
192. Reproductive peptide hormones: Generation, degration, reception and action
193. The interpretation of protein structures: Estimation of static accessibility
194. Adrenergic receptors: Models for the study of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins
195. Partial cDNA sequence for the donkey chorionic gonadotropin-β subunit suggests evolution from an ancestral LH-β gene
196. Further characterisation of the receptor-binding region of the thyroid-stimulating hormone α-subunit: A comprehensive synthetic peptide study of the α-subunit 26-46 sequence
197. Synthetic analogs of the carboxyl-terminus of β-thyrotropin: The importance of basic amino acids in receptor binding activity
198. Effects of continuous, pulsatile and bolus administration of pituitary rat thyrotropin and recombinant human thyrotropin in chronically cannulated rat
199. D-Amino acid substitution of residues 32 to 46 of the glycoprotein hormone common alpha-subunit: Development of a synthetic glycoprotein hormone antagonist
200. Comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family
201. An optimised procedure for the isolation of high purity granulosa cells and their use in proteomic investigations
202. Isolation of thecal cells: An assessment of purity and steroidogenic potential
203. Molecular weight of sheep pituitary intestinal cell-stimulating hormone
204. The presence of a common type of subunit in vovine thyroid stimulating and luteinizing hormones
205. The primary structure of bovine thyrotrophin. I. The amino acid sequences of the reduced, S-carboxymethyl alpha and beta chains
206. Bovine thyrotropin. Countercurrent distribution and a comparison with the isolated subunits of luteinizing hormone
207. Cloning sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. Evidence for binding autoantibodies
208. Addition of an N-terminal dimerization domain promotes assembly of hCG analogs: Implications for subunit combination and structure-function analysis
209. Identification of amino acids in the C-terminal region of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit involved in binding to human FSH receptor
210. Long loop residues 33-58 in the human glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit contain structural components for subunit heterodimerization and human follitropin-receptor binding
211. 44 in the human gonadotropin α-subunit
212. The primary structure of ovine luteinizing hormone. II. The amino acid sequence of the reduced, S-carboxymethylated A-subunit (LH-β)
213. The primary structure of ovine luteinizing hormone. I. The amino acid sequence of the reduced and S-aminoethylated S-subunit (LH-α)
214. Disruption of potential glycosylation sites for N-linked glycosylation does not impair hormone binding to the lutropin/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor if Ash is left intact
215. Effect of hormones of anterior pituitary on thyroid gland in the guinea pig
216. Cloning and sequencing of porcine LH-hCG receptor cDNA: Variants lacking a transmembrane domain
217. The potential of early human embryos to form blastocysts, hatch from their zona and secrete hCG in culture
218. Immunological analysis of epitopes on hCG
219. Tumorigenesis and metastasis of neoplastic karposi's sarcoma cell line in immunodeficient mice blocked by a human pregnancy hormone
220. The application of chemical studies of human chorionic gonadotrophin to visualise its three-dimensional structure
221. Structural and molecular studies of human chorionic gonadotropin and its receptor
222. Differences in the arbohydrate portion of the alpha subunit of procine lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH) and thyrotropin (TSH)
223. Norephinephrine and thyrotropin stimulation of iodide efflux in FRTL-5, thyroid cells involves metabolites of arachidonic acid and is associated with the iodination of throglobulin
224. β-Subunits of equine chorionic gonadotropin and lutenizing hormone with an identical amino acid sequence have different asparagine-linded oligosaccharide chains
225. The role of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of the alpha subunit in the secretion and assembly of human chorionic gonadotropin
226. Site specific mutagenis defines the intracellular role of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit
227. Mutagenesis and gene transfer define site-specific roles of the gonadotropin oligosaccharides
228. The biological role of the carboxyl-terminal extension of human chorionic gonadotroin β-subunit
229. Inhibin and Activin: Molecular aspects of regulation and function
230. A structural superfamily of growth factors containing a cystine knot motif
231. New protein fold revealed by a 2.3 Å resolution crystal structure of nerve growth factor
232. Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: An unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor family
233. Plasma testosterone surge and luteinizing hormone beta (LH-beta) following parturtion - Lack of association in the male rat
234. Molecular modelling of the norrie disease protein predicts a cystine knot growth factor tertiary structure
235. Stabilization of proteins by glycosylation examined by NMR analysis of fucosylated proteinase inhibitor
236. Studies of the specific role of the subunits of choriogonadotropin for biological, immunological and physical properties of the hormone
237. Structure-function relationships of gonadotropins: Human choriogonadotropin as a model
238. A naturally occurring genetic variant in the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta gene 5 is assembly inefficient
239. Molecular modeling of residues 38-57 of the β-subunit of human lutropin
240. Site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone: Differential role of oligosaccharides in luteinizing hormone- and follicle-stimulating hormone-like activities
241. Phosphorylation and glycosylation of the luteinizing hormone receptor
242. Cloning and sequencing of human LH/hCG receptor cDNA
243. Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin
244. Assignment of disulfide bonds in the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin
245. Effect of site directed mutagenesis in the CMGCC region of the alpha-subunit on immunoreactive human thyrotropin
246. Different asparagine-linked sugar chains on the two polypeptide chains of human chorionic gonadotropin
247. Thyroid stimulating hormone binding to beef thyroid membranes
248. A receptor binding site identified in the region 81-95 of the β-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
249. Acute insulin action requires insulin receptor kinase activity: Introduction of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody into mammalian cells blocks the rapid effects of insulin
250. The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin: The α-subunit and β-subunit
251. The effects of synthetic ♀-subunit peptides on thyrotropin interaction with its receptor
252. Inhibition of thyrotropin β-peptides
253. Structure-function studies of the human thyrotropin receptor: Inhibition of binding of labeled thyrotropin (TSH) by synthetic hTSH receptor peptides
254. The effects of crude and purified human gonadotropin on in vitro stimulated human lymphocyte cultures
255. Role of carbohyddrate of human chorionic gonadotropin in the mechanism of hormone action
256. Localisation of residues that confer antibody binding specificity using human chorionic gonadotrophin/luteinizing hormone beta subunit chimeras and mutants
257. Model of human chorionic gonadotropin and lutropin receptor interaction that explains signal transduction of the glycoprotein hormones
258. Functional homodimeric glycoprotein hormones: Implications for hormone action and evolution
259. Cholera toxin interactions with thyrotropin receptors on thyroid plasma membranes
260. Topological similarities in TGF-β2, PDGF-BB and NGF define a superfamily of polypeptide growth factors
261. A novel method for mapping assembled epitopes in batches: Identification of three epitopes at the receptor binding region of human chorionic gonadotropin
262. Dissociation of early folding events from assembly of the human lutropin beta-subunit
263. Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding
264. Metabolic regulation of androgen production by human thecal cells in vitro
265. Snail and spider toxins share a similar tertiary structure and 'cystine motif'
266. Enzymic remodelling of the N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains of human chorionic gonadotropin: Effects on biological activity and receptor binding
267. Development changes in the glycosylation of glycoprotein hormone free alpha subunit during pregnancy
268. Choriogonadotropin and immunity: A reevaluation
269. Insect prothoracicotropic hormone: A new member of the vertebrate growth factor superfamily
270. Physical, biological and immunological characterization of highly purified urinary human chorionic gonadotropin components separated by gel electrofocusing
271. Crystal structure of human platelet-derived growth factor BB
272. Molecular biology and biochemistry of human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (Puregon)
273. Peptide neurotoxins from fish-hunting cone snails
274. Lectins from Abrus precatorius and Iricinus communis. II. Hybrid toxins and their interaction with chain-specific antibodies
275. Effect of thyroid phospholipids on the interaction of thyrotropin with thyroid membranes
276. Interaction of human chorionic gonadotropin with membrane components of rat testes
277. Ovine follicle stimulating hormone: Proparation and characterisation of its subunits
278. Isolation and partial characterisation of the polypeptide chains of ovine interstitial cell stimulating hormone
279. Identification of neutralising epitopes of foot and mouth disease virus
280. Biologically active covalently cross-linked glycoprotein hormones and the effects of modification of the COOH-terminal region of their α-subunits
281. Mapping antibody binding sites on protein antigens
282. An antibody binding site on cytochrome c defined by hydrogen exchange and two-dimensional NMR
283. Glycoproteins: What are the sugar chains for?
284. Intratesticular site of aromatisation in the human
285. Thyrotropin on bovine thyroid membranes: Two types with different affinities and specificities
286. Circular dichroic spectroscopy of Arg(46)-nicked ovine lutropin alpha derived fragments
287. Homodimer formation by the individual subunits of bovine lutropin as determined by sedimentation equilibrium
288. Significance of the glycan moiety of the rat ovarian luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (CG) receptor and human CG for receptor-hormone interaction
289. Thyrotropin and norepinephrine stimulate the metabolism of phosphoinositides in FRTL-5 thyroid cells
290. Microheterogeneity of thyroidstimulating hormone from the putuitaries of euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyprthyroid rats
291. Glycoprotein hormones: Structure and function
292. Biologically active hormones prepared by recombination of the α-chain of human chorionic gonadotropin and the hormone-specific chain of bovine thyrotropin or of bovine luteinizing hormone
293. Studies on the structure of thyrotropin: Its relationship to luteinizing hormone
294. Structure and structure-function relationships in glycoprotein hormones
295. Epitopes of human chorionic gonadotropin and their relationship to immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of beta-chain mutants
296. Contribution of negative cooperativity to the thyrotropin-receptor interaction in normal human thyroid: Kinetic evaluation
297. Helix formation in reduced, S-carboxymethylated human choriogonadotropin beta subunit and tryptic peptides
298. The tie that binds: Design of biologically active single chain chorionic gonadotropins and a gonadotropin-receptor complex by protein engineering
299. Subunits of luteinizing hormone from human pituitary glands
300. Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. I. α-Subunit
301. Elucidation of the disulphide bond positions of the β-subunit of human follicle-stimulating hormone
302. Modification of the sialic acid residues of choriogonadotropin affects signal transduction
303. Residues in the ♀-subunit of human choriogonadotropin that are important for interaction with the lutropin receptor
304. Disulphide bonds of glycoprotein hormones
305. Partial reduction of disulphide bonds in the hormone-specific subunits of TSH and LH
306. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor in testis: Interaction with FSH, mechanism of signal transduction, and properties of the purified receptor
307. Structure-function relationships of the glycoprotein hormones and their receptors
308. High-level secretion of biologically active recombinant porcine follicle-stimulating hormone by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris
309. Effect of desialylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the bioactivity
310. Human follicle stimulating hormone: Its isolation from the pituitary gland and from post-menopausal urine and a study of some chemical, physical, immunological and biological properties of the hormone from these two sources
311. Follicle stimulating hormone international standards and reference preparations for the calibration of immunoassays and bioassays
312. Properties of equine luteinizing hormone alpha subunit along in combination with various beta subunits
313. Thermodynamics of protein association reactions. Forces contributing to stability
314. Scanning-alanine mutagenesis of long loop residues 33-53 in follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit
315. Follitropin conformational stability mediated by loop 2β effects follitropin-receptor interaction
316. The flanking amino acids of human follitropin beta-subunit 33-53 region are involved in assembly of the follitropin heterodimer
317. Structure-function relationships of gonadotropins
318. Exoloop 3 of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. Lys583 is essential and irreplaceable for human choriogonado-tropin (hCG)-dependent receptor activation but not for high affinity hCG binding
319. Leydig cells: Endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine regulation
320. Influence of carbohydrates on the antigenic structuire of gonadotropins: Distinction of agonist and antagonists
321. Peptide mapping of intersubunit and receptor interactions of human choriogonadotropin
322. Towards understanding the glycoprotein hormone receptors
323. Identification of a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor-binding region in hFSH-β-(81-95) using synthetic peptides
324. Determination of alpha-subunit contact regions of human follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit using peptides
325. A synthetic peptide corresponding to human FSH β-subunit 33-53 binds to FSH receptor, stimulates basal estradiol biosynthesis and is a partial antagonist of FSH
326. A synthetic peptide encompassing two discontinuous regions of hFSH-β subunit mimics the receptor binding surface of the hormone
327. Sulfhydryl groups are involved in the binding of FSH with its receptor
328. 2+ and possesses sequence similarity to calcium binding sites of calmodulin
329. Gonadotropin receptor binding regulators in serum
330. Amino acid sequence of the β subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit using synthetic peptides
331. An unusual feature revealed by the crystal structure at 2.2 Å resolution of human transforming growth factor-β2
332. Biological activities of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone
333. Role of the third intracellular loop for the activation of gonadotropin receptors
334. The beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin: Biochemical background and clinical application
335. Number and topography of epitopes of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are shared by desialylated and deglycosylated hCG
336. The lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor - 4 Years later
337. In vivo and in vitro studies on the differential role of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone in regulating follicular function in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) using specific gonadotrophin antibodies
338. Hyperexpression of biologically active human chorionic gonadotropin using the methylotropic yeast, Pichia pastoris
339. Effect of individual N-glycosyl chains in the beta-subunit on the conformation of human choriogonadotropin
340. Receptor-specific activity of heteromeric thyrotropin (TSH) analogs: Development of synthetic TSH antagonists
341. A single gene encodes the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin
342. Evidence that the FSH receptor itself is not a calcium channel
343. Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): First proposal for the amino acid sequence of the α-subunit (hFSH♀) and first demonstration of its identity with the α-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHα)
344. Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): First proposal for the amino acid sequence of the hormone-specific, β subunit (hSFHβ)
345. A reevaluation of the amino acid sequence of human follitrophin β-subunit
346. Hormotoxins - The role of positive charge of lysine residue on the immunological, biological and cytoxic proprties of ovine lutropin-S-S-gelonin conjugates
347. Differential effects of calcium on LH binding to intact cells and membranes from rat testes
348. Inhibition of iodine-125 labeled human follitropin binding to testicular receptor by epidermal growth factor and synthetic peptides
349. Experimental ablation of the hypophysis in the frog embryo
350. Ablation and transplantation of the hypophysis in the rat
351. Experimental evidence regarding the role of the anterior pituitary in the development and regulation of the genital system
352. The repair and activation of the thyroid in the hypophysectomized tadpole by the parental administration of fresh anterior lobe of the bovine hypophysis
353. The sialylated oligosaccharides of recombinant bovine lutropin modulate hormone bioactivity
354. 4-4GalNAc and sialic acid♀2,3-Gal respectively
355. Characterization of rat ovarian lutropin receptor. Role of thiol groups in receptor association
356. The testicular receptor for follicle-stimulating hormone: Structure and functional expression of cloned cDNA
357. Characterisation and purification of iodinated bovine thyrotrophin by high performance liquid chromatography
358. The iodination sites of bovine thyrotropin
359. Isolation and physiochemical characterization of human follicle-stimulating hormone isoforms
360. Isolation and characterization of human LH isoforms
361. Application of a sensitive HPLC-based fluorometric assay to determine the sialic acid content of human gonadotropin isoforms
362. Structural and functional characterisation of hFSH and hLH isoforms
363. Progress in the development of human chorionic gonadotropin antifertility vaccines
364. The identification of peptide sequences of chorionic gonadotropin containing a conformational epitope
365. Pharmacological characterization of soluble human FSH receptor extracellular domain: Facilitated secretion by coexpression with FSH
366. Constant and variable regions in glycoprotein hormone beta subunit sequences: Implications for receptor binding specificity
367. Molecular structures of glycoprotein hormones and functions of their carbohydrate components
368. Assaying glycoprotein hormones - The influence of glycosylation on immunoreactivity
369. The international standard for pituitary FSH: Collaborative study of the standard and of four other purified human FSH preparations of differing molecular composition by bioassays, receptor assays and different immunoassay systems
370. Lipolytic activity of human pituitary fractions on human adipose tissue cells
371. The alpha subunit of pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Formation of three-dimensional structure during cell-free biosynthesis
372. Influence of core fucosylation on the flexibility of a biantennary N-linked oligosaccharide
373. Elimination of disulfide bonds affects assembly and secretion of the human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit
374. 15 → Thr) in human luteinizing hormone (LH) β-subunit on LH bioactivity in vitro and in vivo
375. The cystine-know growth-factor superfamily
376. Dissociation and recombination of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin
377. Purification and characterization of recombinant human thyrotropin (TSH) isoforms produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells: The role of sialylation and sulfation in TSH bioactivity
378. Asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures determine clearance and organ distribution of pituitary and recombinant TSH
379. Engineering human glycoprotein hormone superactive analogues
380. The role of the carboxyl-terminal 6 amino acid extension of human TSH β subunit
381. Relationship between sugar chain structure and biological activity of recombinant human erythropoietin produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells
382. Thyrotropin receptor cleavage at site 1 involves two discontinuous segments at each end of the unique 50-amino acid insertion
383. The role of the oligosaccharide chains of thyrotrophin α- and β-subunits in hormone action
384. Antigenic determinants on human choriogonadotropin alpha-subunit. II. Immuno-chemical mapping by a monoclonal antipeptide antibody
385. Studies of disulfide bridges in ovine lutropin beta subunit
386. Refined crystal structure of the influenza virus N9 neuraminidase-NC41 Fab complex
387. Mapping of an assembled epitope of human FSHβ utilizing monoclonal antibodies, synthetic peptides and hormone-receptor inhibition
388. Determination os subunit contact-associated epitopes of the β-subunit of human follicle-stimulating hormone
389. Topographicic analysis of human follicle-stimulating hormone-β using anti-peptide antisera
390. Receptor binding and signal transduction are dissociable functions requiring different sites on follicle-stimulating hormone
391. Design of peptides with improved affinities for antihuman chorionic gonadotropin monoclonal antibodies
392. Molecular dissection of protein antigens and the prediction of epitopes
393. 2 cascades inl CHO cells expressing the human cDNA of TSH receptor
394. Mobilities of the inner three core residues and the Man(alpha 1-6) branch of the glycan at Asn78 of the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin are restricted by the protein
395. Complex flexibility of the transforming growth factor β superfamily
396. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the free alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones and their use in the development of a sensitive immunofluorometric assay
397. Secondary structure prediction of β-subunits of the gonadotrophin-thyrotrophin family from its aligned sequences using environment-dependent amino-acid substitution tables and conformational propensities
398. Mutation of a highly conserved acidic residue present in the second intracellular loop of G protein receptors does not impair hormone binding or signal transduction of the LH/CG receptor
399. Comparative study of mammalian glycoprotein hormones
400. Characterisation of cleavage products in selected human lutrophin preparations
401. Chemical reduction-reoxidation of the glycoprotein hormones disulfide bonds
402. Evidence for two carbohydrate moieties in oLH
403. 8-coupled receptors in vivo
404. Studies with carbodiimide-crosslinked derivatives of bovine lutropin. I. The effects of specific group modifications on receptor site binding in testes
405. Biochemical analyses of proteolytic nicking of the human glycoprotein hormone α-subunit and its effect on conformational epitopes
406. Identification of assembled epitopes on the ♀-subunit of human follicle stimulating hormone
407. Topographic analysis of the ♀-subunit of human follicle-stimulating hormone using site-specific antipeptide antisera
408. Epitope mapping of human follicle stimulating hormone alpha using monoclonal antibody 3A identifies a potential receptor binding sequence
409. Glycosylation of thyroid-stimulating hormone in pituitary tumor cells: Influence of high mannose oligosaccharide units on subunit aggregation combination, and intracellular degradation
410. Polymorphism of human pituitary lutropin (LH). Isolation and partial characterization of seven isohormones
411. Site-specific N-glycosylation of ovine lutropin. Structural analysis by one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy
412. Site-specific N-glycosylation of human chorionic gonadotrophin - Structural analysis of glycopeptides by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy
413. 15N-enriched recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin
414. Correlation between segmental mobility and the location of antigenic determinants in proteins
415. Detection of epitopes on follicle-stimulating hormone and FSH-antiserum-induced suppression of bioactivity of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
416. Functionally distinct agonist and receptor-binding regions in human chorionic gonadotrophin. Development of a tertiary structure model
417. Gonadotropin glycosylation and function
418. Amino-acid sequence of two trypsin isoinhibitors, ITD I and ITD III from squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima)
419. Thyrotropin effects on thyroid cells in culture: Effects of trypsin on the thyrotropin receptor and on thyrotropin-mediated cyclic 3',5'-AMP changes
420. TGF-β2 signals through a heteromeric protein kinase receptor complex
421. Protein engineering of a novel constitutively active hormone receptor complex
422. Structure of human chorionic gonadotrophin at 2.6 Å resolution from MAD analysis of the selenomethionyl protein
423. Identification of conserved amino acid residues in the β subunit of human choriogonadotropin important in haloprotein formation
424. Lysine residues 2 and 104 of the human chorionic gonadotrophin β subunit influence receptor binding
425. Replacement of the invariant tyrosine in the CAGY region of the human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit
426. A region in the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit important in holoprotein formation and receptor binding
427. Extracellular domain of lutropin choriogonadotropin receptor expressed in transfected cells binds choriogonadotropin with high affinity
428. Gonadotrophin receptors in human ovarian follicles and corpora lutea throughout the menstrual cycle
429. Molecular cloning structure, and expression of a testicular follitropin receptor with selective alteration in the carboxy terminus that affects signaling function
430. COOH-terminal amino acids of the α subunit play common and different roles in human choriogonadotropin and follitropin
431. Lys91 and His90 of the ♀-subunit are crucial for receptor binding and hormone action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and play hormone-specific roles in FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin
432. Changes in binding activity of luteinizing hormone receptors by site directed mutagenis of potential glycosylation sites