Hormonal regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 157, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 1-9

  Delfino, Frank ^a   Walker, William H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cell signaling; Growth factors; Spermatogenesis; Steroid hormones; Transcription; Tumor necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

GROWTH FACTOR; STEROID; STEROID RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

DNA BINDING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GERM CELL; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SERTOLI CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPERMATID; SPERMATOGENESIS; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0032698659     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00127-6     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Arenzana-Seisdedos F., Thompson J., Rodriquez M.S., Bachelerie F., Thomas D., Hay R.T. Inducible nuclear expression of newly synthesized IκBα negatively regulates DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of NF-κB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;2689-2696.
2. Arenzana-Seisdedos F., Turpin P., Rodriquez M., Thomas D., Hay R.T., Virelizier J.L., Dargemont C. Nuclear localization of IκBα promotes active transport of NF-κB from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. J. Cell Sci. 110:1997;369-378.
3. Auphan N., DiDonato J.A., Rosette C., Helmberg A., Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-κB activity through induction of IκB synthesis. Science. 270:1995;286-289.
4. Baeuerle P.A. Pro-inflammatory signaling: last pieces in the NF-κB puzzle? Curr. Biol. 8:1998;R19-R22.
5. Baeuerle P.A., Baltimore D. NF-κB: 10 years after. Cell. 87:1996;13-20.
6. Baeuerle P.A., Henkel T. Function and activation of NF-κB in the immune system. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 12:1994;141-179.
7. Baldwin A.S. The NF-κB and IκB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 14:1996;649-681.
8. Benoliel A.-M., Kahn-Perles B., Imbert J., Verrando P. Insulin stimulates haptotactic migration of human epidermal keratinocytes through activation of NF-κB transcription factor. J. Cell Sci. 110:1997;2089-2097.
9. Bertrand F., Philippe C., Antoine P.J., Baud L., Groyer A., Capeau J., Cherqui G. Insulin activates nuclear factor κB in mammalian cells through a raf-1-mediated pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;24435-24441.
10. Bertrand F., Atfi A., Cadoret A., L'Allemain G., Robin H., Lascols O., Capeau J., Cherqui G. A role for nuclear factor κB in the antiapoptotic function of insulin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;2931-2938.
11. Blenis J. Signal transduction via the MAP kinases: proceed at your own RSK. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;5889-5892.
12. Brostjan C., Anrather J., Csizmadia V., Stroka D., Soares M., Bach F.H., Winkler H. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of NF-κB activity in endothelial cells does not involve induction of IκBα synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;19612-19616.
13. Caldenhoven E., Liden J., Wissink S. et al. Negative cross-talk between RelA and the glucocorticoid receptor: a possible mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoid. Mol. Endocrinol. 9:1995;401-412.
14. Cao Z., Henzel W.J., Gao X. IRAK: a kinase associated with the interleukin-1 receptor. Science. 271:1996;1128-1131.
15. Cao Z., Xiong J., Takeuchi M., Kurama T., Goeddel D.V. TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1. Nature. 383:1996;443-446.
16. Carter B.D., Kaltschmidt C., Kaltschmidt B., Offenhauser N., Bohm-Matthaei R., Baeurle P.A., Barde Y.-A. Selective activation of NF-κB by nerve growth factor through the neurotrophin receptor p75. Science. 272:1996;542-545.
17. Cerillo G., Rees A., Manchanda N., Reilly C., Brogan I., White A., Needham M. The estrogen receptor regulates NF-κB and AP-1 activity in a cell-specific manner. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 67:1998;79-88.
18. Chan H., Bartos D.P., Owen-Schaub L.B. Activation-dependent transcriptional regulation of the human fas promoter requires NF-κB p50-p65 recruitment. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1999;2098-2108.
19. Chen G., Pekary A.E., Hershman J.M. Aging of FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells causes sensitivity to cytotoxicity induced by tumor necrosis factor-α Endocrinology. 131:1992;863-870.
20. Chen D., Rothberg E.V. Interleukin-2 transcription factors as molecular targets of cAMP inhibition: delayed inhibition kinetics and combinatorial transcription roles. J. Exp. Med. 179:1994;931-942.
21. Chen Z.J., Parent L., Maniatis T. Site-specific phosphorylation of IκBα by a novel ubiquination-dependent protein kinase activity. Cell. 84:1996;853-862.
22. Cohen L., Henzel W.J., Baeuerle P.A. IKAP is a scaffold protein of the IκB complex. Nature. 395:1998;292-296.
23. Collart M.A., Baeuerle P., Vassalli P. Regulation of tumor necrosis-α transcription in macrophages: involvement of four κB-like motifs and of constitutive and inducible forms of NF-κB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1990;1498-1506.
24. De Bosscher K., Schmitz M.L., Berghe W.V., Plaisance S., Fiers W., Haegeman G. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription involves direct interference with transactivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;13504-13509.
25. De S.K., Chen H.-L., Pace J.L., Hunt J.S., Terranova P.F., Enders G.C. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in mouse spermatogenic cells. Endocrinology. 133:1993;389-396.
26. Delfino F.J., Walker W.H. Stage-specific nuclear expression of NF-κB in mammalian testis. Mol. Endocrinol. 12:1998;1696-1707.
27. Delgado M., Munoz-Elias E.J., Kan Y. et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α transcriptional activation by regulating nuclear factor-κB and cAMP response element-binding protein/c-Jun. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;31427-31436.
28. Delhase M., Hayakawa M., Chen Y., Karin M. Postive and negative regulation of IκB kinase activity through IKKβ subunit phosphorylation. Science. 284:1999;309-312.
29. DiDonato J.A., Hayakawa M., Rothwarf D.M., Zandi E., Karin M. A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB. Nature. 388:1997;548-554.
30. Dobrowsky R.T., Werner M.H., Castellino A.M., Chao M.V., Hannun Y.A. Activation of the sphingomyelin cycle through the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor. Science. 265:1994;1596-1599.
31. Dobrowsky R.T., Jenkins G.M., Hannun Y.A. Neurotrophins induce sphingomyelin hydrolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;22135-22142.
32. Fanger G.R., Johnson N.L., Johnson G.L. MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J. 16:1997;4961-4971.
33. Finco T.S., Baldwin A.S. κB site-dependent induction of gene expression by diverse inducers of nuclear factor κB requires Raf-1. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;17676-17679.
34. Finco T.S., Westwick J.K., Norris J.L., Beg A.A., Der C.J., Baldwin A.S. Oncogenic Ha-Ras-induced signaling activates NF-κB transcriptional activity, which is required for cellular transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;24113-24116.
35. Frankenberger M., Pforte A., Sternsdorf T., Passlick B., Baeuerle P.A., Ziegler-Heitbrock H.W. Constitutive nuclear NF-κB in cells of the monocyte lineage. Biochem. J. 304:1994;87-94.
36. Galien R., Garcia T. Estrogen receptor impairs interleukin-6 expression by preventing protein binding on the NF-κB site. Nucl. Acids Res. 25:1997;2424-2429.
37. Gerritsen M., Williams A., Neish A., Moore S., Shi Y., Collins T. CREB-binding protein/p300 are transcriptional coactivators of p65. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;2927-2932.
38. rsk) phosphorylates the N-terminal regulatory domain of IκBα and stimulates its degradation in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;21281-21288.
39. Ghosh S., May M.J., Kopp E.B. NF-κB and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 16:1998;225-260.
40. Graham C., Parry N., Mackman N. Role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in cyclic AMP inhibition of NF-κB-mediated transcription. J. Immunol. 159:1997;5450-5456.
41. Hansen S.K., Nerlov C., Zabel U., Verde P., Johnsen M., Baeuerle P.A., Blasi F. A novel complex between the p65 subunit of NF-κB and c-Rel binds to a DNA element involved in the phorbol ester induction of the human urokinase gene. EMBO J. 11:1992;205-213.
42. Heck S., Bender K., Kullmann M., Gottlicher M., Herrlich P., Cato A.C.B. IκBα-independent downregulation of NF-κB activity by glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 16:1997;4698-4707.
43. Hofmann T.G., Hehner S.P., Bacher S., Droge W., Schmitz M.L. Various glucocorticoids differ in their ability to induce gene expression, apoptosis and to repress NF-κB-dependent transcription. FEBS Lett. 441:1998;441-446.
44. Hsu H., Xiong J., Goeddel D.V. The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-κB activation. Cell. 81:1995;495-504.
45. Hsu H., Huang J., Shu H.B., Baichwal V., Goeddel D.V. TNF-dependent recruitment of the protein kinase RIP to the TNF receptor-1 signaling complex. Immunity. 4:1996;387-396.
46. Hsu H., Shu H.B., Pan M.G., Goeddel D.V. TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Cell. 84:1996;299-308.
47. Hu Y., Baud V., Delhase M. et al. Abnormal morphogenesis but intact IKK activation in mice lacking the IKKα subunit of IκB kinase. Science. 284:1999;316-320.
48. Ivanov V.N., Lee R.K., Podack E.R., Malek T.R. Regulation of Fas-dependent activation-induced T cell apoptosis by cAMP signaling: a potential role for transcription factor NF-κB. Oncogene. 14:1997;2455-2464.
49. Kalkhoven E., Wissink S., van der Saag P.T., van der Burg B. Negative interaction between the RelA (p65) subunit of NF-κB and the progesterone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;6217-6224.
50. Kaltschmidt C., Kaltschmidt B., Neumann H., Wekerle H., Baeuerle P.A. Constitutive NF-κB activity in neurons. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;3981-3992.
51. Karin M., Delhase M. JNK or IKK, AP-1 or NF-κB, which are the targets for MEK kinase 1 action? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;9067-9069.
52. Kistler B., Rolink A., Marienfield R., Neumann M., Wirth T. Induction of nuclear factor-κB during primary B cell differentiation. J. Immunol. 160:1998;2308-2317.
53. Kleinert H., Euchenhofer C., Ihrig-Biedert I., Forstermann U. In murine 3T3 fibroblasts, different second messenger pathways resulting in the induction of NO synthase II (iNOS) converge in the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;6039-6044.
54. Koh W.S., Jeon Y.J., Herring A.C., Kaminski N.E. Transient CRE- and κB site-binding is cross-regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and a protein phosphatase in mouse splenocytes. Life Sci. 60:1997;425-432.
55. Korner M., Tarantino N., Debre P. Constitutive activation of NF-κB in human thymocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 181:1991;80-86.
56. NTR. J. Neurosci. Res. 54, 465-474.
57. Lee, F.S., Hagler, J., Chen, Z.J., T., M., 1997. Activation of the IκBα kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway. Cell 88, 213-222.
58. Lee J.-I., Burckart G.J. Nuclear factor kappa B: important transcription factor and therapeutic target. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 38:1998;981-993.
59. Lee J.S., Peters R.T., Dang L.C., Maniatis T. MEKK1 activates both IκB kinase α and IκB kinase β Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;9319-9324.
60. Lenardo M., Siebenlist U. Bcl-3-mediated nuclear regulation of the NF-κB trans-activating factor. Immunol. Today. 15:1994;145-147.
61. Li Q., Van Antwerp D., Mercurio F., Lee K.-F., Verma I.M. Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IκB kinase 2 gene. Science. 284:1999;321-325.
62. Li S., Sedivy J.M. Raf-1 protein kinase activates the NF-κB transcription factor by dissociating the cytoplasmic NF-κB-IκB complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;9247-9251.
63. Liden J., Delaunay F., Rafter I., Gustafsson J.-A., Okret S. A new function for the C-terminal zinc finger of the glucocorticoid receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;21467-21472.
64. Ling L., Cao Z., Goeddel D.V. NF-κB-inducing kinase activates IKK-κ by phosphorylation of Ser-176. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;3792-3797.
65. Liou H.C., Sha W.C., Scott M.L., Baltimore D. Sequential induction of NF-κB/Rel family proteins during B-cell differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;5349-5359.
66. Maggirwar S.B., Sarmiere P.D., Dewhurst S., Freeman R.S. Nerve growth factor-dependent activation of NF-κB contributes to survival of sympathetic neurons. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;10356-10365.
67. Malinin N.L., Boldin M.P., Kovalenko A.V., Wallach D. MAP3K-related kinase involved in NF-κB induction by TNF, CD95, and IL-1. Nature. 385:1997;540-544.
68. Matsui K., Fine A., Zhu B., Marshak-Rothstein A., Ju S. Identification of two NF-κB sites in mouse CD95 ligand (Fas ligand) promoter: functional analysis in T cell hybridoma. J. Immunology. 161:1998;3469-3473.
69. Mauduit C., Besset V., Caussanel V., Benahmed M. Tumor necrosis factor α receptor p55 is under hormonal (follicle stimulating hormone) control in testicular Sertoli cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 224:1996;631-637.
70. McKay L.I., Cidlowski J.A. Cross-talk between nuclear factor-κB and the steroid hormone receptors: mechanism of mutual antagonism. Mol. Endocrinol. 12:1998;45-56.
71. Mercurio F., Zhu H., Murray B.W. et al. IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation. Science. 278:1997;860-866.
72. Miyamato S.P., Chiao P.J., Verma I.M. Enhanced degradation is responsible for constitutive NF-κB activity in mature murine B-cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1994;3276-3282.
73. Nakano H., Shindo M., Sakon S., Nishinaka S., Mihara M., Yagita H., Okumura K. Differential regulation of IκB kinase α and β by two upstream kinases, NF-κB-inducing kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;3537-3542.
74. Naumann M., Scheidereit C. Activation of NF-κB in vivo is regulated by multiple phosphorylations. EMBO J. 13:1994;4597-4607.
75. Nemoto S., Didonato J.A., Lin A. Coordinate regulation of IκB kinases by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 and NF-κB-inducing kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:1998;7336-7343.
76. Neumann M., Grieshammer T., Chuvpilo S. et al. RelA/p65 is a molecular target for the immunosupressive action of protein kinase A. EMBO J. 14:1995;1991-2004.
77. Ninomiya-Tsuji J., Kishimoto K., Hiyama A., Inoue J.-I., Cao Z., Matsumoto K. The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-IκB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signaling pathway. Nature. 398:1999;252-256.
78. Novak U., Cocks G., Hamilton J.A. A labile repressor acts through the NF-κB-like binding sites of the human urokinase gene. Nucl. Acid. Res. 19:1991;3389-3393.
79. Obata H., Biro S., Arima N. et al. NF-κB is induced in the nuclei of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells by stimulation of various growth factors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 224:1996;27-32.
80. Ollivier V., Parry G.C.N., Cobb R.R., de Prost D., Mackman N. Elevated cyclic AMP inhibits NF-κB-mediated transcription in human monocytic cells and endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;20828-20835.
81. Pahan K., Namboodiri A.M.S., Sheikh F.G., Smith B.T., Singh I. Increasing cAMP attenuates induction of inducible nitric-oxide synthase in rat primary astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;7786-7791.
82. Palvimo J.J., Reinikainen P., Ikonen T., Kallio P.J., Moilanen A., Janne O.A. Mutual transcription interference between RelA and androgen receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;24151-24156.
83. Perkins N.D., Felzien L.K., Betts J.C., Kwanyee L., Beach D.H., Nabel G. Regulation of NF-κB by cyclin-dependent kinases associated with the p300 coactivator. Science. 275:1997;523-527.
84. Rattner A., Korner M., Rosen H., Baeuerle P., Citri Y. Nuclear factor κB activates proenkephalin transcription in T lymphocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1991;1017-1022.
85. Ravi R., Mookerjee B., van Hensbergen Y. et al. p53-mediated repression of nuclear factor-κB RelA via the transcriptional integrator p300. Cancer Res. 58:1998;4531-4536.
86. Ray A., Prefontaine K.E. Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-κB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;752-756.
87. Regnier C.H., Song H.Y., Gao X., Goeddell D.V., Cao Z., Rothe M. Identification and characterization of an IκB kinase. Cell. 90:1997;373-383.
88. Rothwarf D.M., Zandi E., Natoli G., Karin M. IKK-γ is an essential regulatory subunit of the IκB kinase complex. Nature. 395:1998;297-300.
89. Satriano J., Schlondorff D. Activation and attenuation of transcription factor NF-κB in mouse glomerular mesangial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-α, immunoglobulin G, and adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monosphosphate. J. Clin. Invest. 94:1994;1629-1636.
90. Scheidereit C. Docking IκB kinases. Nature. 395:1998;225-226.
91. Scheinman R.I., Gualberto A., Jewell C.M., Cidlowski J.A., Baldwin A.S. Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-κB by activated glucocorticoid receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;943-953.
92. Schouten G.J., Vertegaal A.C.O., Whiteside S.T. et al. IκBα is a target for the mitogen-activated 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase. EMBO J. 16:1997;3133-3144.
93. Sen R., Baltimore D. Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell. 46:1986;705-716.
94. Serkkola E., Hurme M. Activation of NF-κB by cAMP in human myeloid cells. FEBS. 334:1993;327-330.
95. Sheppard K.-A., Phelps K.M., Williams A.J. et al. Nuclear integration of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-κB signaling by CREB-binding protein and steroid receptor coactivator-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;29291-29294.
96. Shirakawa F., Chedid M., Suttles J., Pollack B.A., Mizel S.B. Interleukin 1 and cyclic AMP induce κ immunoglobulin light-chain expression via activation of an NF-κB-like DNA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1989;959-964.
97. Shirakawa F., Mizel S. In vitro activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB catalyzed cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1989;2424-2430.
98. Shyamala G., Guiot M.-C. Activation of κB-specific proteins by estradiol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;10628-10632.
99. Siebenlist U., Franzoso G., Brown K. Structure, regulation, and function of NF-κB. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 10:1994;405-455.
100. Slater A.F., Kimland M., Jiang S.A., Orrenius S. Constitutive nuclear NF-κB/Rel DNA-binding activity of rat thymocytes is increased by stimuli that promote apoptosis, but not inhibited by pyrrlidine dithiocarbamate. Biochem. J. 312:1995;833-838.
101. Song H.Y., Regnier C.H., Kirschning C.J., Ayres T.M., Goeddel D.V., Rothe M. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated kinase cascades: bifurcation of nuclear factor-κB and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) pathways at TNF receptor-associated factor 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:1997;9792-9796.
102. Suhasini M., Reddy C.D., Reddy E.P., DiDonato J.A., Pilz R.B. cAMP-induced NF-κB (p50/RelB) binding to a c-myb intronic enhancer correlates with c-myb up-regulation and inhibition of erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Oncogene. 15:1997;1859-1870.
103. Sun L., Carpenter G. Epidermal growth factor activation of NF-κB is mediated through IκBα degradation and intracellular free calcium. Oncogene. 16:1998;2095-2102.
104. Sun W.H., Keller E.T., Stebler B.S., Ershler W.B. Estrogen inhibits phorbol ester-induced IκBα transcription and protein degradation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 244:1998;691-695.
105. Supakar P.C., Jung M.H., Song C.S., Chatterjee B., Roy A.K. Nuclear factor κB functions as a negative regulator for the rat androgen receptor gene and NF-κB activity increases during the age-dependent desensitization of the liver. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;837-842.
106. Suyang H., Phillips R., Douglas I., Ghosh S. Role of unphosphorylated, newly synthesized IκBα in the persistent activation of NF-κB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;5444-5449.
107. Takeda K., Takeuchi O., Tsujimura T. et al. Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKα Science. 284:1999;313-315.
108. Tartaglia L.A., Goeddel D.V. Two TNF receptors. Immunol. Today. 13:1992;151-153.
109. Thanos D., Maniatis T. NF-κB A lesson in family values. Cell. 80:1995;529-532.
110. Tsai M.J., O'Malley B.W. Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63:1994;451-486.
111. Verheij M., Bose R., Lin X.H. et al. Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signaling in stress-induced apoptosis. Nature. 380:1996;75-79.
112. Verma I.M., Stevenson J.K., Scwartz E.M., Van Antwerp D., Miyamoto S. Rel/NF-κB/IκB family: intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev. 9:1995;2723-2735.
113. Wadgaonkar R., Phelps K.M., Haque Z., Williams A., Silverman E.S., Collins T. CREB-binding protein is a nuclear integrator of nuclear factor-κB and p53 signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;1879-1882.
114. Wesche H., Henzel W.J., Shillinglaw W., Li S., Cao Z. MyD88: an adaptor that recuits IRAK to the IL-1 receptor complex. Immunity. 7:1997;837-847.
115. Wissink S., van Heerde E.C., van der Burg B., van der Saag P.T. A dual mechanism mediates repression of NF-κB activity by glucocorticoids. Mol. Endocrinol. 12:1998;355-363.
116. Woronicz J.D., Gao X., Cao Z., Rothe M., Goeddel D.V. IκB kinase-β: NF-κB activation and complex formation with IκB kinase α and NIK. Science. 278:1997;866-869.
117. Yamaoka S., Courtois G., Bessia C. et al. Complementation cloning of NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase complex essential for NF-κB activation. Cell. 93:1998;1231-1240.
118. Yoon S.O., Casaccia-Bonnefil P., Carter B., Chao M.V. Competitive signaling between TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor receptors determines cell survival. J. Neurosci. 18:1998;3273-3281.
119. Zandi, E., Rothwarf, D.M., Delhase, M., Hayakawa, M., Karin, M., 1997. The IκB kinase complex (IKK) contains two kinase subunits, IKK-α and IKK-β, necessary for IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Cell 91, 243-252.
120. Zhong H., SuYang H., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Ghosh S. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB is regulated by the IκB-associated PKAc subunit through a cyclic AMP-independent mechanism. Cell. 89:1997;413-424.
121. Zhong H., Voll R.E., Ghosh S. Phosphorylation of NF-κB by PKA stimulates transcriptional activity by promoting a novel bivalent interaction with the coactivator CBP/p300. Mol. Cell. 1:1998;661-671.
122. Zhou G., Kuo M.T. NF-κB-mediated induction of mdr1b expression by insulin in rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;15174-15183.