The development of monoclonal antibodies for the therapy of cancer

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Volumn 8, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 321-356

  Farah, Roula A ^a   Clinchy, Birgitta ^a   Herrera, Larry ^a   Vitetta, Ellen S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer therapy; Immunoconjugates; Immunotherapy; Monoclonal antibodies; Recombinant antibodies

Indexed keywords

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ARTICLE; CANCER; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; GENE TARGETING; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0032471590     PISSN: 10454403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v8.i3-4.50     Document Type: Article

References (340)

1. Adler R, Hurwitz E, Wands JR, Sela M, Shouval D (1995): Specific targeting of adriamycin conjugates with monoclonal antibodies to hepatoma associated antigens to intrahepatic tumors in athymic mice. Hepatology 22:1482.
2. Ahmad I, Longenecker M, Samuel J and Alien TM (1993): Antibody-targeted delivery of doxorubicin entrapped in sterically stabilized liposomes can eradicate lung cancer in mice. Cancer Res 53:1484.
3. Allen TM, Ahmad I, Lopes de Menezes DE, Moase EH (1995): Immunoliposome-mediated targeting of anticancer drugs in vivo. Biochem Soc Trans 23:1073.
4. Anderson DR, Grillo-Lopez A, Varns C, Chambers KS, Hanna N (1997): Targeted anticancer therapy using rituximab, a chimaeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Biochem Soc Trans 25:705.
5. Anderson PM, Crist W, Hasz D, Carroll AJ, Myers DE, Uckun FM (1992): G19.4 (alpha CD3) × B43 (alpha CD 19) monoclonal antibody heteroconjugate triggers CD19 antigen-specific lysis of t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by activated CD3 antigen-positive cytotoxic T cells. Blood 80:2826.
6. Bagshawe KD (1987): Antibody directed enzymes revive anticancer prodrugs concept. Br J Cancer 56:531.
7. Bagshawe KD, Begent RHJ (1996): First clinical experience with ADEPT. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 22:365.
8. Bagshawe KD, Sharma SK, Springer CJ, Antoniw P, Boden JA, Rogers GT, Burke PJ, Melton RG, Sherwood RF (1991): Antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT): clinical report. Dis Markers 9:233.
9. Ball ED, Guyre PM, Mills L, Fisher J, Dinces NB, Fanger MW (1992): Initial trial of bispecific antibody-mediated immunotherapy of CD15-bearing tumors: cytotoxicity of human tumor cells using a bispecific antibody comprised of anti-CD15 (MoAbPM81) and anti-CD64/ Fc gamma RI (MoAb 32). J Hematother 1:85.
10. Baluna R, Vitetta ES (1996): Vascular leak syndrome: a side effect of immunotherapy. Immunopharmacology 37:117.
11. Barbieri L, Battelli MG, Stirpe F (1993): Ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 154:237.
12. Baselga J, Mendelson J (1994): Receptor blockade with monoclonal antibodies as anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 64:127.
13. Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J (1996): Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized anti-p185 (HER2) monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 14:737.
14. Batra JK, FitzGerald DJ, Chaudhary VK, Pastan I (1991): Single-chain immunotoxins directed at the human transferrin receptor containing Pseudomonas exotoxin A or diphtheria toxin: anti-TFR (Fv)-PE40 and DT388-anti-TFR (Fv). Mol Cell Biol 11:2200.
15. Baum W, Steininger H, Bair JH, Becker W, Hansen-Hagge T, Kressel M, Kremmer E, Kalden JR, Gramatzki M (1996): Therapy with CD7 monclonal antibody TH-69 is highly effective for xenografted human T-cell ALL. Br J Haematol 95:327.
16. Baxter LT, Yuan F, Jain RK (1992): Pharmacokinetic analysis of the perivascular distribution of bifunctional antibodies and haptens: comparison with experimental data. Cancer Res 52:5838.
17. Becker JC, Pancook JD, Gillies SD, Furukawa K, Reisfeld RA (1996): T cell-mediated eradication of murine metastatic melanoma induced by targeted interleukin 2 therapy. J Exp Med 183:2361.
18. Behr TM, Goldenberg DM, Becker WS (1997): Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors: a review "of mice and men". Hybridoma 16:101.
19. Benhar I, Pastan I (1994): Cloning, expression and characterization of the Fv fragments of the anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies B1 and B5 as single-chain immunotoxins. Protein Eng 7:1509.
20. Benhar I, Reiter Y, Pai LH, Pastan I (1995): Administration of disulfide-stabilized Fv-immunotoxins B1 (dsFv)-PE38 and B3 (dsdFv)-PE38 by continuous infusion increases their efficacy in curing large tumor xenografts in nude mice. Int J Cancer 62:351.
21. Bernstein A, Hurwitz E, Maron R, Arnon R, Sela M, Wilchek M (1978): Higher antitumor efficacy of daunomycin when linked to dextran: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 60:379.
22. Bignami GS, Senter PD, Grothaus PG, Fischer KJ, Humphreys T, Wallace PM (1992): N-(4′-hydroxyphenylacetyl) palytoxin: a palytoxin prodrug that can be activated by a monoclonal antibody-penicillin G amidase conjugate. Cancer Res 52:5759.
23. Blakey DC, Davies DH, Dowell RI, East SJ, Burke PJ, Sharma SK, Springer CJ, Mauger AB, Melton RG (1995): Antitumor effects of an antibody-carboxypeptidase G2 conjugate in combination with phenol mustard prodrugs. Br J Cancer 72:1083.
24. Blume G, Cevc G (1990): Liposomes for the sustained drug release in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1029:91.
25. Bodey B, Siegel SE, Kaiser HE (1996): Human cancer detection and immunotherapy with conjugated and non-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. Anticancer Res 16:661.
26. Bombardieri E, Ferrari L, Spinelli A, Maffioli L, Seregni E, Buraggi G (1997): Radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer with radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies: Biological basis, present status and future perspectives. Anticancer Res 17:1719.
27. Bonino LD, DeMonte LB, Spagnoli GC, Vola R, Mariani M, Barone D, Moro AM, Riva P, Nicotra MR, Natali PG, Malavasi F (1995): Bispecific monoclonal antibody anti-CD3 × anti-tenascin: an immunotherapeutic agent for human glioma. Int J Cancer 61:509.
28. Braslawsky GR, Edson MA, Pearce W, Kaneko T, Greenfield RS (1990): Antitumor activity of adriamycin (hydrazone-linked) immunoconjugates compared with free adriamycin and specificity of tumor cell killing. Cancer Res 50:6608.
29. Brinkmann U, Pai LH, FitzGerald DJ, Pastan I (1991): PE38KDEL, a single-chain immunotoxin that causes complete regression of a human carcinoma in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8616.
30. Brinkmann U, Pastan I (1994): Immunotoxins against cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1198:27.
31. Brissinck J, Demanet C, Moser M, Leo O, Thielemans K (1993): Bispecific antibodies in lymphoma. Int Rev Immunol 10:187.
32. Brown SL, Miller RA, Levy R (1989): Antiidiotype antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma. Semin Oncol 16:199.
33. Byers VS, Rodvien R, Grant K, Durrant LG, Hudson KH, Baldwin RW, Scannon PJ (1989): Phase I study of monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin XomaZyme-791 in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Cancer Res 49:6153.
34. Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Mazzoni A, Negri DR, Ramakrishna V, Bolhuis RL, Colnaghi MI, Bolis G (1995): Bispecific antibody targeted T cell therapy of ovarian cancer: clinical results and future directions. J Hematother 4:423.
35. Caron PC, Co MS, Bull MK, Avdalovic NM, Queen C, Scheinberg DA (1992): Biological and immunological features of humanized M195 (anti-CD33) monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res 52:6761.
36. Caron PC, Jurcic JG, Scott AM, Finn RD, Divgi CR, Graham MC, Jureidini IM, Sgouros G, Tyson D, Old LJ, Larson SM, Scheinberg DA (1994a): A phase 1B trial of humanized monoclonal antibody M195 (anti-CD33) in myeloid leukemia: specific targeting without immunogenicity. Blood 83:1760.
37. Caron PC, Scheinberg DA (1994b): Immunotherapy for acute leukemias. Curr Opin Oncol 6:14.
38. Chaouchi NA, Vazquez A, Galanaud P, Leprince C (1995): B cell antigen receptor-mediated apoptosis: importance of accessing molecules CD 19 and CD22, and of surface IgM cross-linking. J Immunol 154:3096-3104.
39. Chari RV, Martell BA, Gross JL, Cook SB, Shah SA, Blattler WA, McKenzie SJ, Goldmacher VS (1992): Immunoconjugates containing novel maytansinoids: promising anticancer drugs. Cancer Res 52:127.
40. Chatal JF, Faivre-Chauvet A, Bardies M, Peltier P, Gautherot E, Barbet J (1995): Bifunctional antibodies for radioimmunotherapy. Hybridoma 14:125.
41. Chaudhary VK, Queen C, Junghans RP, Waldmann TA, FitzGerald DJ, Pastan I (1989): A recombinant immunotoxin consisting of two antibody variable domains fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin. Nature 339:394.
42. D2 specific monoclonal antibody 3F8: A phase I study in patients with neuroblastoma and malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 5:1430.
43. Chowdhury PS, Viner JL, Beers R, Pastan I (1998): Isolation of a high-affinity stable single-chain Fv specific for mesothelin from DNA-immunized mice by phage display and construction of a recombinant immunotoxin with antitumor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:669.
44. Choy EHS, Panayi GS, Kingsley GH (1995): Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Br J Rheumatol 34:707.
45. Connors TA, Knox RJ (1995): Prodrugs in cancer chemotherapy. Stem Cells 13:501.
46. Conry RM, Khazaeli MB, Saleh MN, Ghetie V, Vitetta ES, Liu TP, Lobuglio AF (1995): Phase I trial of an anti-CD19 deglycosylated ricin A chain immunotoxin in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Effect of an intensive schedule of administration. J Immunother 18:231.
47. Coons T (1995): Monoclonal antibodies: The promise and the reality. Radiologic Technol 67:39.
48. Corcoran MC, Eary J, Bernstein I and Press OW (1997): Radioimmunotherapy strategies for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Ann Oncol 8:133.
49. Cumber JA, Forrester JA, Foxwell BMJ, Ross WCJ, Thorpe PE (1985): Preparation of antibody-toxin conjugates. Methods Enzymol 112:207.
50. de Gast GC, Haagen IA, van Houten AA, Klein SC, Duits AJ, de Weger RA, Vroom TM, Clark MR, Phillips J, van Dijk AJ (1995): CD8 T cell activation after intravenous administration of CD3× CD19 bispecific antibody in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 40:390.
51. de Gast GC, van de Winkel JGJ, Bast EJ (1997): Clinical perspectives of bispecific antibodies in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 45:121.
52. Debatin K-M, Krammer PH (1995): Resistance to APO-1 (CD95) induced apoptosis in T-ALL is determined by a BCL-2 independent anti-apoptotic program. Leukemia 9:815.
53. Debinski W, Karlsson B, Lindholm L, Siegall CB, Willingham MC, FitzGerald D, Pastan I (1992): Monoclonal antibody c242-Pseudomonas exotoxin-A - a specific and potent immunotoxin with antitumor activity on a human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice. J Clin Invest 90:405.
54. DeJonge J, Heirman C, DeVeerman M, VanMeirvenne S, Demanet C, Brissinck J, Thielemens K (1997): Bispecific antibody treatment of murine B cell lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 45:162.
55. Deonarain MP, Epenetos AA (1994): Targeting enzymes for cancer therapy: old enzymes in new roles. Br J Cancer 70:786.
56. Deonarain MP, Epenetos AA (1998): Design, characterization and antitumor cytotoxicity of a panel of recombinant, mammalian ribonuclease-based immunotoxins. Br J Cancer 77:537.
57. DeVita VTJ (1993): Principles of chemotherapy. In: DeVita VTJ, Hellman S, Rosen SA (Eds.), "Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology." Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, vol. 4, p. 276.
58. Dillman RO (1994): Antibodies as cytotoxic therapy. J Clin Oncol 12:1497.
59. Dillman RO, Beauregard JC, Halpern SE, Clutter M (1986): Toxicities and side effects associated with intravenous infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Resp Modif 5:73.
60. Dillman RO, Johnson DE, Ogden J, Beidler D (1989): Significance of antigen, drug, and tumor cell targets in the preclinical evaluation of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, methotrexate, and mitomycin-C monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates. Mol Biotherapy 1:250.
61. Dillman RO, Johnson DE, Shawler DL, Koziol JA (1988): Superiority of an acid-labile daunorubicin-monoclonal antibody immunoconjugate compared to free drug. Cancer Res 48:6097.
62. Dillman RO, Shawler DL, Johnson DE, Meyer DL, Koziol JA, Frincke JM (1986): Preclinical trials with combinations and conjugates of T101 monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. Cancer Res 46:4886.
63. Ding L, Samuel J, MacLean GD, Noujaim AA, Diener E, Longenecker BM (1990): Effective drug-antibody targeting using a novel monoclonal antibody against the proliferative compartment of mammalian squamous carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 32:105.
64. Dohlsten M, Abrahmsen L, Björk P, Lando PA, Hedlund G, Forsberg G, Brodin T, Gascoigne NRJ, Förberg C, Lind P, Kalland T (1994): Monoclonal antibody-superantigen fusion proteins: tumor-specific agents for T-cell-based tumor therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:8945.
65. Drebin JA, Link VC, Greene MI (1988a): Monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinct domains of the neu oncogene-encoded p 185 molecule exert synergistic antitumor effects in vivo. Oncogene 2:273.
66. Drebin JA, Link VC, Greene MI (1988b): Monoclonal antibodies specific for the neu oncogene product directly mediate antitumor effects in vivo. Oncogene 2:387.
67. Dyer MJS, Hale G, Hayhoe FGJ, Waldmann H (1989): Effects of CAMPATH-1 antibodies in vivo in patients with lymphoid malignancies: influence of antibody isotype. Blood 73:1431.
68. Elias DJ, Hirschowitz L, Kline LE, Kroener JF, Dillman RO, Walker LE, Robb JA, Timms RM (1990): Phase I clinical comparative study of monoclonal antibody KS1/4 and KS1/4-methotrexate immunoconjugate in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 50:4154.
69. Elias DJ, Kline LE, Robbins BA, Johnson HC Jr, Pekny K, Benz M, Robb JA, Walker LE, Kosty M, Dillman RO (1994): Monoclonal antibody KS1/4-methotrexate immunoconjugate studies in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:1114.
70. Engert A, Diehl V, Schnell R, Radszuhn A, Hatwig M-T, Drillich S, Schön G, Bohlen H, Tesch H, Hansmann M-L, Barth S, Schindler J, Ghetie V, Uhr J, Vitetta E (1997): A Phase-I study of an anti-CD25 ricin A-chain immunotoxin (RFT5- SMPT-dgA) in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 89:403.
71. Falini B, Bolognesi A, Flenghi L, Tazzari PL, Broe MK, Stein H, Durkop H, Aversa F, Corneli P, Pizzolo G, Barbabietola G, Sabattini E, Pileri S, Martelli MF, Stirpe F (1992): Response of refractory Hodgkin's disease to monoclonal anti-CD30 immunotoxin. Lancet 339:1195.
72. Flavell DJ, Boehm DA, Emery L, Noss A, Ramsay A, Flavell SU (1995): Therapy of human B-cell lymphoma bearing SCID mice is more effective with anti-CD19- and anti-CD38-saporin immunotoxins used in combination than with either immunotoxin used alone. Int J Cancer 62:1.
73. Flavell DJ, Cooper S, Morland B, French R, Flavell SU (1992): Effectiveness of combinations of bispecific antibodies for delivering saporin to human acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines via CD7 and CD38 as cellular target molecules. Br J Cancer 65:545.
74. Frankel AE, Laver JH, Willingham MC, Burns LJ, Kersey JH, Vallera DA (1997): Therapy of patients with T-cell lymphomas and leukemias using an anti-CD7 monoclonal antibody ricin A chain immunotoxin. Leuk Lymphoma 26:287.
75. French RR, Bell AJ, Hamblin TJ, Tutt AL, Glennie MJ (1996): Response of B-cell lymphoma to a combination of bispecific antibodies and saporin. Leuk Res 20:607.
76. Garnett MC, Embleton MJ, Jacobs E, Baldwin RW (1983): Preparation and properties of a drug-carrier-antibody conjugate showing selective antibody-directed cytotoxicity in vitro. Int J Cancer 31:661.
77. Garrido MA, Valdayo MJ, Winkler DF, Titus JA, Hecht TT, Perez P, Segal DM, Wunderlich JR (1990): Targeting human T-lymphocytes with bispecific antibodies to react against human ovarian carcinoma cells growing in nu/nu mice. Cancer Res 50:4227.
78. Gautherot E, Bouhou J, Le Doussal JM, Manetti C, Martin M, Rouvier E, Barbet J (1997): Therapy for colon carcinoma xenografts with bispecific antibody-targeted, iodine-131-labeled bivalent hapten. Cancer 80:2618.
79. Gelber EE, Vitetta ES (1998): Effect of immunosuppressive agents on the immunogenicity and efficacy of an immunotoxin in mice. Clin Cancer Res 4:1297.
80. Ghetie M-A, Podar EM, Ilgen A, Gordon BE, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1997): Homodimerization of tumor-reactive monoclonal antibodies markedly increases their ability to induce growth arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:7509.
81. Ghetie M-A, Tucker K, Richardson J, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1994): Eradication of minimal disease in severe combined immunodeficient mice with disseminated Daudi lymphoma using chemotherapy and an immunotoxin cocktail. Blood 84:702.
82. Ghetie M-A, Picker LJ, Richardson JA, Tucker K, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1994): Anti-CD 19 inhibits the growth of human B-cell tumor lines in vitro and of Daudi cells in SCID mice by inducing cell cycle arrest. Blood 83:1329.
83. Ghetie M-A, Tucker K, Richardson J, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1992): The antitumor activity of an anti-CD22 immunotoxin in SCID mice with disseminated Daudi lymphoma is enhanced by either an anti-CD 19 antibody or an anti-CD 19 immunotoxin. Blood 80:2315.
84. Ghetie V, Vitetta ES (1994): Immunotoxins in the therapy of cancer: from bench to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 63:209.
85. Ghose T, Guclu A, Raman RR, Blair AH (1982): Inhibition of a mouse hepatoma by the alkylating agent Trenimon linked to immunoglobulins. Cancer Immunol Immunother 13:185.
86. Ghose T, Norvell ST, Guclu A, Cameron D, Bodurtha A, MacDonald AS (1972): Immunochemotherapy of cancer with chlorambucil-carrying antibody. Br Med J 3:495.
87. Giantonio BJ, Alpaugh RK, Schultz J, McAleer C, Newton DW, Shannon B, Guedez Y, Kotb M, Vitek L, Persson R, Gunnarsson PO, Kalland T, Dohlsten M, Persson B, Weiner LM (1997): Superantigen-based immunotherapy: a phase I trial of PNU-214565, a monoclonal antibody Staphylococcal enterotoxin a recombinant fusion protein, in advanced pancreatic and colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 15:1994.
88. Gidlof C, Dohlsten M, Lando PA, Kalland T, Sundstrom C, Tottermann TH (1997): A superantigen-antibody fusion protein for T-cell immunotherapy of human B-lineage malignancies. Blood 89:2089.
89. Gilleece MH, Dexter TM (1993): Effect of campath-1H antibody on human hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Blood 82:807.
90. Gillies SD, Reilly EB, Reisfeld RA (1992): Antibody targeted interleukin-2 stimulates T-cell killing of autologous tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1428.
91. Goerlach A, Krauer KG, McKenzie IF, Pietersz GA (1991): In vitro antitumor activity of 2′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine monoclonal antibody conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2:96.
92. Goldenberg DM (1993): Monoclonal antibodies in cancer detection and therapy. Am J Med 94:297.
93. Goodman GE, Beaumier P, Hellström I, Fernyhough B, Hellström KE (1985): Pilot trial of murine monoclonal antibodies in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 3:340.
94. Green LL, Hardy MC, Maynard-Currie CE, Tsuda H, Louie DM, Mendez MJ, Abderrahim H, Noguchi M, Smith DH, Zeng Y, David NE, Sasai H, Garza D, Brenner DG, Hales JF, McGuinness RP, Capon DJ, Klapholz S, Jakobovits A (1994): Antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies from mice engineered with human Ig heavy and light chain YACs. Nature Gen 7:13.
95. Gregoriadis G (1995): Engineering liposomes for drug delivery: progress and problems. Trends Biotechnol 13:527.
96. Greiner JW, Guadagni F, Hand PH, Pestka S, Noguchi P, Fisher PB, Schlom J (1990): Augmentation of tumor antigen expression by recombinant human interferons: enhanced targeting of monoclonal antibodies to carcinomas. Cancer Treat Res 51:413.
97. Greiner JW, Guadagni F, Roselli M, Nieroda CA (1996): Novel approaches to tumor detection and therapy using a combination of monoclonal antibody and cytokine. Anticancer Res 16:2129.
98. Grossbard ML, Freedman AS, Ritz J, Coral F, Goldmacher VS, Eliseo L, Spector N, Dear K, Lambert JM, Blattler WA, Taylor JA, Nadler LM (1992a): Serotherapy of B cell neoplasms with anti-B4-blocked ricin: A phase 1 trial of daily bolus infusion. Blood 79:576.
99. Grossbard ML, Lambert JM, Goldmacher VS, Spector NL, Kinsella J, Eliseo L, Coral F, Taylor JA, Blattler WA, Epstein CL, Nadler LM (1993): Anti-B4-blocked ricin: a phase I trial of 7-day continuous infusion in patients with B-cell neoplasms. J Clin Oncol 11:726.
100. Grossbard ML, Press OW, Appelbaum FR, Bernstein ID, Nadler LM (1992b): Monoclonal antibody-based therapies of leukemia and lymphoma. Blood 80:863.
101. Haagen IA (1995): Performance of CD3 × CD19 bispecific monoclonal antibodies in B cell malignancy. Leuk Lymphoma 19:381.
102. Haenseler E, Esswein A, Vitols KS, Montejano Y, Mueller BM, Reisfeld RA, Huennekens FM (1992): Activation of methotrexate-alpha-alanine by carboxypeptidase-A-monoclonal antibody conjugate. Biochemistry 31:891.
103. Haisma HJ, van Muijen M, Pinedo HM, Boven E (1994): Comparison of two anthracycline-based prodrugs for activation by a monoclonal antibody-beta-glucuronidase conjugate in the specific treatment of cancer. Cell Biophys 24:185.
104. Handgretinger R, Baader P, Dopfer R, Klingebiel T, Reuland P, Treuner J, Reisfeld RA, Niethammer D (1992): A phase I study of neuroblastoma with the antiganglioside GD2 antibody 14.G2a. Cancer Immunol Immunother 35:199.
105. Hansen CB, Kao GY, Moase EH, Zalipsky S, Allen TM (1995): Attachment of antibodies to sterically stabilized liposomes: evaluation, comparison and optimization of coupling procedures. Biochim Biophys Acta 1239:133.
106. Hansson J, Ohlsson L, Persson R, Andersson G, Ilback NG, Litton MJ, Kalland T, Dohlsten M (1997): Genetically engineered superantigens as tolerable antitumor agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2489.
107. Hartmann F, Renner C, Jung W, Sahin U, Pfreundschuh M (1996): Treatment of Hodgkin's disease with bispecific antibodies. Ann Oncol 7:143.
108. Hertler AA, Schlossman DM, Borowitz MJ (1988): A phase I study of T101-ricin A chain immunotoxin in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Biol Response Mod 7:97.
109. Hinman LM, Hamann PR, Wallace R, Menendez AT, Durr FE, Upeslacis J (1993): Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antitumor conjugates of the calicheamicins: a novel and potent family of antitumor antibodies. Cancer Res 53:3336.
110. Holzer U, Bethge W, Krull F, Ihle J, Handgretinger R, Reisfeld RA, Dohlsten M, Kalland T, Niethammer D, Dannecker GE (1995): Superantigen Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-dependent and antibody-targeted lysis of GD2-positive neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 41:129.
111. Hombach A, Jung W, Pohl C, Renner C, Sahin U, Schmits R, Wolf J, Kapp U, Diehl V, Pfreundschuh M (1993): A CD16/CD30 bispecific monoclonal antibody induces lysis of Hodgkin's cells by unstimulated natural killer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 55:830.
112. Huang X, Molema G, King S, Watkins L, Edgington TS, Thorpe PE (1997): Tumor infarction in mice by antibody-directed targeting of tissue factor to tumor vasculature. Science 275:547.
113. Hurwitz E, Arnon R, Sahar E, Danon Y (1983): A conjugate of adriamycin and monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1 antigen inhibits human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Ann NY Acad Sci 417:125.
114. Hurwitz E, Kashi R, Arnon R, Wilchek M, Sela M (1985): The covalent linking of two nucleotide analogues to antibodies. J Med Chem 28:137.
115. Hurwitz E, Levy R, Maron R, Wilchek M, Arnon R, Sela M (1975): The covalent binding of daunomycin and adriamycin to antibodies, with retention of both drug and antibody activities. Cancer Res 35:1175.
116. Hurwitz E, Stancovski I, Wilchek M, Shouval D, Takahashi H, Wands JR, Sela M (1990): A conjugate of 5-fluorouridine-poly(L-lysine) and an antibody reactive with human colon carcinoma. Bioconjug Chem 1:285.
117. Irie RF, Morton DL (1986): Regression of cutaneous metastatic melanoma by intralesional injection with human monoclonal antibody to ganglioside GD2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8694.
118. Jansen B, Kersey JH, Jaszcz WB, Gunther R, Nguyen DP, Chelstrom LM, Tuel-Ahlgren L, Uckun FM (1993): Effective immunochemotherapy of human t(4;11) leukemia in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) using B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein immunotoxin plus cyclophosphamide. Leukemia 7:290.
119. Jinno H, Ueda M, Enomoto K, Ikeda T, Kyriakos P, Kitajima M (1996): Effectiveness of an adriamycin immunoconjugate that recognizes the C-erbB-2 product on breast cancer cell lines. Surg Today 26:501.
120. Johnson DA, Briggs SL, Gutowski MC, Barton R (1995): Antitumor activity of CC49-Doxorubicin immunoconjugates. Anticancer Res 15:1387.
121. Jung G, Ledbetter JA, Muller-Eberhard HJ (1987): Induction of cytotoxicity in resting human T lymphocytes bound to tumor cells by antibody heteroconjugates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4611.
122. Jurcic JG, Scheinberg DA, Houghton AN (1996): Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer. In: Pinedo HM, Longo DL, Chabner BA (Eds.), "Cancer Chemotherapy and Biological Response Modifiers Annual 16." Elsevier Science, p. 168.
123. Juweid M, Neumann R, Paik C, Perez-Bacete MJ, Sato J, van Osdol W, Weinstein JN (1992): Micropharmacology of monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors; direct experimental evidence for a binding site barrier. Cancer Res 52:5144.
124. 2. Cancer 78:157.
125. Kalland T, Dohlsten M, Abrahmsen L, Hedlund G, Bjork P, Lando PA, Sundstedt A, Akerblom E, Lind P (1993): Targeting of super-antigens. Cell Biophys 22:147.
126. Kaminski MS, Fig LM, Zasadny KR, Koral KF, DelRosario RB, Francis IR, Hanson CA, Normolle DP, Mudgett E, Liu CP, Moon S, Scott P, Miller RA, Wahl RL (1992): Imaging, dosimetry, and radioimmunotherapy with iodine 131-labeled anti-CD37 antibody in B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 10:1696.
127. Kaminski MS, Zasadny KR, Francis IR, Fenner MC, Ross CW, Milik AW, Estes J, Tuck M, Regan D, Fisher S, Glenn SD, Wahl RL (1996): Iodine-131-anti-B1 radioimmunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 14:1974.
128. Kaminski MS, Zasadny KR, Francis IR, Milik AW, Ross CW, Moon SD, Crawford SM, Burgess JM, Petry NA, Butchko GM, Glenn SD, Wahl RL (1993): Radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma with anti-B1 (anti-CD20) antibody. N Engl J Med 329:459.
129. Keler T, Graziano RF, Mandai A, Wallace PK, Fisher J, Guyre PM, Fanger MW, Deo YM (1997): Bispecific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of HER2/neuoverexpressing tumor cells by Fc gamma receptor type I-expressing effector cells. Cancer Res 57:4008.
130. Kerr DE, Garrigues US, Wallace PM, Hellstrom KE, Hellstrom I, Senter PD (1993): Application of monoclonal antibodies against cytosine deaminase for the in vivo clearance of a cytosine deaminase immunoconjugate. Bioconjug Chem 4:353.
131. Kerr DE, Schreiber GJ, Vrudhula VM, Svensson HP, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE, Senter PD (1995): Regressions and cures of melanoma xenografts following treatment with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with anticancer prodrugs. Cancer Res 55:3558.
132. Kerr DE, Senter PD, Burnett WV, Hirschberg DL, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE (1990): Antibody-penicillin-V-amidase conjugates kill antigen-positive tumor cells when combined with doxorubicin phenoxyacetamide. Cancer Immunol Immunother 31:202.
133. Kerr L, Huntoon C, Donohue J, Leibson PJ, Bander NH, Ghose T, Luner SJ, Vessella R, McKean DJ (1990): Heteroconjugate antibody-directed killing of autologous human renal carcinoma cells by in vitro-activated lymphocytes. J Immunol 144:4060.
134. King CR, Fischer PH, Rando RF, Pastan I (1996): The performance of e23(Fv)PEs, recombinant toxins targeting the erbB-2 protein. Cancer Biol 7:79.
135. Knox SJ, Goris ML, Trisler K, Negrin R, Davis T, Liles T-M, Grillo-Lopez A, Chinn P, Varns C, Ning S-C, Fowler S, Deb N, Becker M, Marquez C, Levy R (1996): Yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy of recurrent B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2:457.
136. Knox SJ, Levy R, Hodgkinson S, Bell R, Brown S, Wood GS, Hoppe R, Abel EA, Steinman L, Berger RG, Gaiser C, Young G, Bindl J, Hanham A, Reichert T (1991): Observations on the effect of chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in patients with mycosis fungoides. Blood 77:20.
137. Kohler G, Milstein C (1975): Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256:495.
138. Kondo Y, Chung YS, Sawada T, Inui A, Yamashita Y, Hirayama K, Nakata B, Ho JJ, Kim YS, Sowa M (1995): Intratumoral injection of an adriamycin immunoconjugate against human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Jpn J Cancer Res 86:1072.
139. Kostelny SA, Cole MS, Tso JY (1992): Formation of a bispecific antibody by the use of leucine zippers. J Immunol 148:1547.
140. Kozarsky KF, Tsai C, Bott CM, Allada G, Li LL, Fox DA (1993): An anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody that both inhibits and stimulates T cell activation recognizes a subregion of CD2 distinct from known ligand-binding sites. Cell Immunol 150:235.
141. Kranenborg MH, Boerman OC, Oosterwijk-Wakka JC, de Weijert MC, Corstens FH, Oosterwijk E (1998): Two-step radio-immunotargeting of renal-cell carcinoma xenografs in nude mice with antirenal-cell carcinoma X anti-DTPA bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Int J Cancer 75:74.
142. Krauer KG, Pietersz GA (1993): The comparative effects of IL-1 and TNF on AMN-anti-Ly 2.1 immunoconjugate therapy. Biotherapy 6:139.
143. Kreitman RJ, Bailon P, Chaudhary VK, FitzGerald DJP, Pastan I (1994): Recombinant immunotoxins containing anti-Tac (Fv) and derivatives of Pseudomonas exotoxin produce complete regression in mice of an interleukin-2 receptor-expressing human carcinoma. Blood 83:426.
144. Kreitman RJ, Chaudhary VK, Waldmann TA, Hanchard B, Cranston B, FitzGerald DJ, Pastan I (1993): Cytotoxic activities of recombinant immunotoxins composed of Pseudomonas toxin or diphtheria toxin toward lymphocytes from patients with adult T-cell leukemia. Leukemia 7:553.
145. Kreitman RJ, Pastan I (1995): Targeting Pseudomonas exotoxin to hematologic malignancies. Cancer Biol 6:297.
146. Kroesen BJ, Buter J, Sleijfer DT, Janssen RA, van der Graaf WT, The TH, de Leij L, Mulder NH (1994): Phase I study of intravenously applied bispecific antibody in renal cell cancer patients receiving subcutaneous interleukin-2. Br J Cancer 70:652.
147. Kroesen BJ, Nieken J, Sleijfer DT, Molema G, de Vries EG, Groen HJ, Helfrich W, The TH, Mulder NH, de Leij L (1997): Approaches to lung cancer treatment using the CD3 × EGP-2-directed bispecific monoclonal antibody BIS-1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 45:203.
148. Krolick KA, Villemez C, Isakson P, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1980): Selective killing of normal or neoplastic B cells by antibodies coupled to the A chain of ricin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5419.
149. Kubota T, Yamamoto T, Takahara T, Furukawa T, Ishibiki K, Kitajima M, Shida Y, Nakatsubo H (1992): Targeting cancer chemotherapy using a monoclonal antibody (NCC-LU-243) conjugated with mitomycin C. J Surg Oncol 51:75.
150. Kufer P, Mack M, Gruber R, Lutterbuse R, Zettl F, Riethmuller G (1997): Construction and biological activity of a recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody designed for therapy of minimal residual colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 45:193.
151. + helper/ killer T cell phenomenon. Selective induction of the Th1 helper/killer T cells and application to tumor immunotherapy. J Immunol 154:1777.
152. Laky M, Mota G, Moraru I, Ghetie V (1987): Binding and cytotoxic effect of ricin toxin on multivalent hybrid antibody-coated target cells. Immunol Lett 14:127.
153. Lando PA, Dohlsten M, Hedlund G, Akerblom E, Kalland T (1993): T cell killing of human colon carcinomas by monoclonal-antibody-targeted superantigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 36:223.
154. Lando PA, Dohlsten M, Ohlsson L, Kalland T (1995): Tumor-reactive super-antigens suppress tumor growth in humanized SCID mice. Int J Cancer 62:466.
155. Laske DW, Muraszko KM, Oldfield EH, DeVroom HL, Sung C, Dedrick RL, Simon TR, Colandrea J, Copeland C, Katz D, Groves ES, Greenfield L, Houston LL, Youle RJ (1997): Intraventricular immunotoxin therapy for leptomeningeal neoplasia. Neurosurgery 41:1.
156. LeMaistre CF, Rosen S, Frankel A, Kornfeld S, Saria E, Meneghetti C, Drajesk J, Fishwild D, Scannon P, Byers V (1991): Phase I trial of H65-RTA immunocon-jugate in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 78:1173.
157. Lemley PV, Amanatides P, Wright DC (1994): Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes ricin toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Hybridoma 13:417.
158. Lenhard RE Jr, Order SE, Spunberg JJ, Asbell SO, Leibel SA (1985): Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 3:1296.
159. Li S, Zhang XY, Zhang SY, Chen XT, Chen LJ, Shu YH, Zhang JL, Fan DM (1990): Preparation of antigastric cancer monoclonal antibody MGb2-mitomycin C conjugate with improved antitumor activity. Bioconjug Chem 1:245.
160. Lin JJ, Newton DL, Mikulski SM, Kung HF, Youle RJ, Rybak SM (1994): Characterization of the mechanism of cellular and cell free protein synthesis inhibition by an antitumor ribonuclease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 204:156.
161. Link BK, Weiner GJ. (1993): Production and characterization of a bispecific IgG capable of inducing T-cell-mediated lysis of malignant B cells. Blood 81:3343.
162. Liu C, Tadayoni BM, Bourret LA, Mattocks KM, Derr SM, Widdison WC, Kedersha NL, Ariniello PD, Goldmacher VS, Lambert JM, Blättler WA, Chari RV (1996): Eradication of large colon tumor xenografts by targeted delivery of maytansinoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:8618.
163. Liu MA, Kranz, DM, Kurnick, JT, Boyle LA, Levy R, Eisen, HN (1985): Heteroantibody duplexes target cells for lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8648.
164. Lobuglio AF, Saleh MN (1992): Advances in monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer. Am J Med Sci 304:214.
165. Lynch TJ Jr, Lambert JM, Coral F, Shefner J, Wen P, Blattler WA, Collinson AR, Ariniello PD, Braman G, Cook S, Esseltine D, Elias A, Skarin A, Ritz J (1997): Immunotoxin therapy of small-cell lung cancer: A phase I study of N901-blocked ricin. J Clin Oncol 15:723.
166. Maloney DG, Levy R, Campbell MJ (1995): Monoclonal antibody therapy. In Mendelsohn J (ed): "The Molecular Basis of Cancer." Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, p. 460.
167. Manabe Y, Tsubota T, Haruta Y, Kataoka K, Haisa S, Nakamura K, Kimura I (1984): Production of a monoclonal antibody-methotrexate conjugate utilizing dextran T-40 and its biologic activity. J Lab Clin Med 104:445.
168. Manabe Y, Tsubota T, Haruta Y, Okazaki M, Haisa S, Nakamura K, Kimura I (1983): Production of monoclonal antibody-bleomycin conjugate utilizing dextran T-40 and the antigen-targeting cytotoxicity of the conjugates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 115:1009.
169. Mansfield E, Amlot P, Pastan I, FitzGerald DJ (1997): Recombinant RFB4 immunotoxins exhibit potent cytotoxic activity for CD22-bearing cells and tumors. Blood 901:2020.
170. Marrack P, Kappler J (1990): The Staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 248:705.
171. Martin J, Stribbling SM, Poon GK, Begent RH, Napier M, Sharma SK, Springer CJ (1997): Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: pharmacokinetics and plasma levels of prodrug and drug in a phase I clinical trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 40:189.
172. Masuho Y, Hara T (1980): Target-cell cytotoxicity of a hybrid of Fab' on immunoglobulin and A-chain of ricin. Gann 1:759.
173. May RD, Finkelman FD, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES, Wheeler HT (1990): Evaluation of ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins directed against different epitopes on the delta-chain of cell surface-associated IgD on murine B cells. J Immunol 144:3637.
174. Melton RG, Sherwood RF (1996): Antibody-enzyme conjugates for cancer therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:153.
175. Mew D, Wat C-K, Towers GHN, Levy JG (1983): Photoimmunotherapy: Treatment of animal tumors with tumor-specific monoclonal antibody hemato-porphyrin conjugates. J Immunol 130:1473.
176. Meyer DL, Jungheim LN, Law KL, Mikolajczyk SD, Shepherd TA, Mackensen DG, Briggs SL, Starling JJ (1993): Site-specific prodrug activation by antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates: regression and long-term growth inhibition of human colon carcinoma xenograft models. Cancer Res 53:3956.
177. Middlebrook JL, Dorland RB (1984): Bacterial toxins: cellular mechanisms of action. Microbiological Rev Sept 199.
178. Moller SA, Reisfeld RA (1991): Bispecific monoclonal antibody-directed lysis of ovarian carcinoma cells by activated human T lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 33:210.
179. Mosure KW, Henderson AJ, Klunk LJ, Knipe JO (1997): Disposition of conjugate-bound and free doxorubicin in tumor-bearing mice following administration of a BR986-doxorubicin immunoconjugate (BMS 182248). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 40:251.
180. Murray JL, Kleinerman ES, Jia S-F, Rosenblum MG, Eton O, Buzaid A, Legha S, Ross MI, Thompson L, Mujoo K, Rieger PT, Saleh M, Khazaeli MB, Vadhan-Raj S (1996): Phase Ia/Ib trial of anti-GD2 chimeric monoclonal antibody 14.18 (ch14.18) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) in metastatic melanoma. J Immunother 19:206.
181. Muto MG, Kassis AI (1995): Monoclonal antibodies used in the detection and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 76:2016.
182. Negri DR, Tosi E, Valota O, Ferrini S, Cambiaggi A, Sforzini S, Silvani A, Ruffini PA, Colnaghi MI, Canevari S (1995): In vitro and in vivo stability and antitumor efficacy of an anti-EGFR/anti-CD3 F(ab')2 bispecific monoclonal antibody. Br J Cancer 72:928.
183. Nelson H, Ramsey PS, McKean DJ, Dozois RR, Donohue JH (1991): Antitumor X anti-lymphocyte heteroconjugates augment colon tumor cell lysis in vitro and prevent tumor growth in vivo. Dis Colon Rectum 34(2): 140.
184. Newton DL, Ilercil O, Laske DW, Oldfield E, Rybak SM (1992): Cytotoxic ribonuclease chimeras. Targeted tumoricidal activity in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 267:19572.
185. Newton DL, Nicholls PJ, Rybak SM, Youle RJ (1994): Expression and characterization of recombinant human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin-antitransferrin receptor sFv. J Biol Chem 269:26739.
186. Niculescu-Duvaz I, Spooner R, Marais R, Springer CJ (1998): Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Bioconjug Chem 9:4.
187. Nistico P, Mortarini R, Demonte LB, Mazzocchi A, Mariani M, Malavasi F, Parmiani G, Natali PG, Anichini A (1992): Cell retargeting by bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Evidence of bypass of intratumor susceptibility to cell lysis in human melanoma. J Clin Invest 90:1093.
188. Nitta T, Sato K, Yagita H, Okumura K, Ishii S (1990): Preliminary trial of specific targeting therapy against malignant glioma. Lancet 335:368.
189. Norman DJ, Chatenoud L, Cohen D, Goldman M, Shield CF (1993): Consensus statement regarding OKT3-induced cytokine-release syndrome and human antimouse antibodies. Transplant Proc 25:89.
190. O'Connor R, Liu C, Ferris CA, Guild BC, Teicher BA, Corvi C, Liu Y, Arceci RJ, Goldmacher VS, Lambert JM, Blättler WA (1995): Anti-B4-blocked ricin synergizes with doxorubicin and etoposide on multidrug-resistant and drug sensitive tumors. Blood 86:4286.
191. O'Hare M, Brown AN, Hussain K, Gebhardt A, Watson G, Roberts LM, Vitetta ES, Thorpe PE, Lord JM (1990): Cytotoxicity of a recombinant ricin-A-chain fusion protein containing a proteolytically-cleavable spacer sequence. FEBS Lett 273:200.
192. Ogden JR, Leung K, Kunda SA, Telander MW, Avner BP, Liao SK, Thurman GB, Oldham RK (1989): Immunoconjugates of doxorubicin and murine antihuman breast carcinoma monoclonal antibodies prepared via an N-hydroxysuccinimide active ester intermediate of cisaconityl-doxorubicin: preparation and in vitro cytotoxicity. Mol Biother 1:170.
193. Ohta S, Tsukamoto H, Watanabe K, Makino K, Kuge S, Hanai N, Habu S, Nishimura T (1995): Tumor associated glycoantigen, sialyl Lewis (a) as a target for bispecific antibody-directed adoptive tumor immunotherapy. Immunol Lett 44:35.
194. Oldham RK (1991): Custom-tailored drug immunoconjugates in cancer therapy. Mol Biother 3:148.
195. Oldham RK, Foon KA, Morgan AC, Woodhouse CS, Schroff RW, Abrams PG, Fer M, Schoenberger CS, Farrell M, Kimball E, Sherwin SA (1984): Monoclonal antibody therapy of malignant melanoma: in vivo localization in cutaneous metastasis after intravenous administration. J Clin Oncol 2:1235.
196. Oldham RK, Lewis M, Orr DW, Avner B, Liao SK, Ogden JR, Birch R (1988): Adriamycin custom-tailored immunoconjugates in the treatment of human malignancies. Mol Biother 1:103.
197. Oldham RK, Lewis M, Orr DW, Liao SK, Ogden JR, Hubbard WH, Birch R, (1989): Individually specified drug immunoconjugates in cancer treatment. Int J Biol Markers 4:65.
198. Oosterwijk E, Debruyne FMJ, Schalken JA (1995): The use of monoclonal antibody G250 in the therapy of renal-cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 22:34.
199. Oratz R, Speyer JL, Wernz JC, Hochster H, Meyers M, Mischak R, Spitler LE (1990): Antimelanoma monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain immunoconjugate (XMMME-001-RTA) plus cyclophosphamide in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma: results of a phase II trial. J Biol Resp Modif 9:345.
200. Orr D, Oldham R, Lewis M, Ogden J, Liao SK, Leung K, Dupere S, Birch R, Avner B (1989): Phase I trial of mitomycin C immunoconjugates cocktails in human malignancies. Mol Biotechnol 1:229.
201. Oshimi K, Seto T, Oshimi Y, Masuda M, Okumura K, Mizoguchi H (1991): Increased lysis of patient CD10-positive leukemic cells by T cells coated with anti-CD3 Fab' antibody cross-linked to anti-CDIO Fab' antibody. Blood 77:1044.
202. Owens RJ, Young RJ (1994): The genetic engineering of monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 168:149.
203. Ozzello L, De Rosa CM, Blank EW, Cantell K, Ceriani RL, Habif DV Sr (1993): The use of natural interferon alpha conjugated to a monoclonal antibody antimammary epithelial mucin (Mc5) for the treatment of human breast cancer xenografts. Breast Cancer Res Treat 25:265.
204. Pai LH, Bookman MA, Ozols RF, Young RC, Smith JW, Longo DL, Gould B, Frankel A, McClay EF, Howell S, Reed E, Willingham MC, FitzGerald DJ, Pastan I (1991): Clinical evaluation of intraperitoneal Pseudomonas exotoxin immunoconjugate OVB3-PE in patients with ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 9:2095.
205. Pai LH, Wittes R, Setser A, Willingham MC, Pastan I (1996): Treatment of advanced solid tumors with immunotoxin LMB-1: an antibody linked to Pseudomonas exotoxin. Nature Med 2:350.
206. Park CH (1997): The role of radioisotopes in radiation oncology. Semin Oncol 24:639.
207. HER2 immunoliposomes fo cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1327-1331.
208. Park JW, Hong K, Kirpotin DB, Meyer O, Papahadjopoulos D, Benz CC (1997): Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes for targeted therapy of human tumors. Cancer Lett 118:153.
209. Pastan I (1997): Targeted therapy of cancer with recombinant immunotoxins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1333:C1.
210. Pastan I, Chaudhary V, FitzGerald DJ (1992): Recombinant toxins as novel therapeutic agents. Annu Rev Biochem 61:331.
211. Perez P, Huffman RW, Shaw S, Bluestone JA, Segal DM (1985): Specific targeting of cytotoxic T cells by anti-T3 linked to antitarget cell antibody. Nature 316:354.
212. Perron MJ, Page M (1996): Activation of methotrexate-phenylalanine by monoclonal antibody-carboxypeptidase A conjugate for the specific treatment of ovarian cancer in vitro. Br J Cancer 73:281.
213. Persiani S, Ballou B, Shen WC, Ryser HJ, Reiland JM, Hakala TR (1989): In vivo antitumor effect of methotrexate conjugated to a monoclonal IgM antibody specific for stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, on MH-15 mouse teratocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 29:167.
214. Peterson NC (1996): Recombinant antibodies: alternative strategies for developing and manipulating murine derived monoclonal antibodies. Lab Anim Sci 46:8.
215. Pietersz GA, Krauer K (1994): Antibody targeted drugs for the therapy of cancer. J Drug Targeting 2:183.
216. Pietersz GA, Wenjun L, Sutton VR, Burgess J, McKenzie IFC, Zola H, Trapani JA (1995): In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a chimeric anti-CD 19 antibody. Cancer Immunol Immunother 41:53.
217. Pluckthun A, Pack P (1997): New protein engineering approaches to multivalent and bispecific antibody fragments. Immunotechnology 3:83.
218. Press OW, Appelbaum FR, Eary JF, Bernstein ID (1995a): Radiolabeled antibody therapy of lymphomas. Import Adv Oncol 157.
219. Press OW, Eary JF, Appelbaum FR, Bernstein ID. (1995b): Myeloablative radiolabeled antibody therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed B cell lymphomas. Cancer Treat Res 76:297.
220. 131I-B1(anti-CD20) antibody therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed B cell lymphomas. Lancet 346:336.
221. Prewett M, Rockwell P, Rockwell RF, Giorgio NA, Mendelsohn J, Scher HI, Goldstein NI (1996): The biologic effects of C225, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to the EGFR, on human prostate carcinoma. J Immunother 19:419.
222. Qian HN, Li WJ (1993): Target therapy of ovarian carcinoma by monoclonal antibodies bearing chemical drugs entrapped in liposomes. Chin Med J 106:343.
223. Rapley R (1995): The biotechnology and applications of antibody engineering. Mol Biotechnol 3:139.
224. Raso V, Griffin T (1980): Specific cytotoxicity of a human immunoglobulin directed Fab'-ricin A chain conjugate. J Immunol 125:2610.
225. Raso V, Griffin T (1981): Hybrid antibodies with dual specificity for the delivery of ricin to immunoglobulin-bearing target cells. Cancer Res 41:2073.
226. Reddi E (1997): New trends in Photobiology (invited review): role of delivery vehicles for photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of tumors. J Photochem Photobiol B 37:189.
227. Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, Chinn PC, Leonard JE, Raab R, Newman RA, Hanna N, Anderson DR (1994): Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood 83:435.
228. Reisfeld RA, Gillies SD, Mendelson J, Varki NM, Becker JC (1996): Involvement of B lymphocytes in the growth inhibition of human pulmonary melanoma metastases in athymic nu/nu mice by an antibody-lymphotoxin fusion protein. Cancer Res 56:1707.
229. Reiter Y, Pai LH, Brinkmann U, Wang Q-C, Pastan I (1994): Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics in mice of a recombinant immunotoxin containing a disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment. Cancer Res 54:2714.
230. Reiter Y, Pastan I (1996): Antibody engineering of recombinant Fv immunotoxins for improved targeting of cancer: disulfide-stabilized Fv immunotoxins. Clin Cancer Res 2:245.
231. Renner C, Pfreundschuh M (1995a): Treatment of heterotransplanted Hodgkin's tumors in SCID mice by a combination of human NK or T cells and bispecific antibodies. J Hematother 4:447.
232. Renner C, Pfreundschuh M (1995b): Tumor therapy by immune recruitment with bispecific antibodies. Immunol Rev 145:179.
233. Renner C, Trümper L, Pfreundschuh M (1997): Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: recent results and future prospects. Leukemia 11:S55.
234. Repp R, Valerius T, Wieland G, Becker W, Steininger H, Deo Y, Helm G, Gramatzki M, van de Winkel JGJ, Lang N, Kalden JR (1995): G-CSF-stimulated PMN in immunotherapy of breast cancer with a bispecific antibody to Fc gamma RI and to HER-2/neu (MDX-210). J Hematother 4:415.
235. Riedle S, Rosel M, Zoller M (1998): In vivo activation and expansion of T cells by a bispecific antibody abolishes metastasis formation of human melanoma cells in SCID mice. Int J Cancer 75:908.
236. Riethmuller G, Schneider-Gadicke E, Schlimok G (1994): Randomized trial of monoclonal antibody for adjuvant therapy of resected Dukes' C colorectal carcinoma. Lancet 343:1177.
237. Ritz J, Pesando JM, Sallan SE, Clavell LA, Notis-McConarty J, Rosenthal P, Schlossman SF (1981): Serotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with monoclonal antibody. Blood 58:141.
238. Robert B, Mach JP, Mani JC, Ychou M, Folli S, Artus JC (1996): Cytokine targeting in tumors using a bispecific antibody directed against carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Cancer Res 56:4758.
239. Roffler SR, Wang SM, Chern JW, Yeh MY, Tung E (1991): Antineoplastic glucuronide prodrug treatment of human tumor cells targeted with a monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugate. Biochem Pharmacol 42:2062.
240. Ross WC, Thorpe PE, Cumber AJ, Edwards DC, Hinson CA, Davies AJ (1980): Increased toxicity of diphtheria toxin for human lymphoblastoid cells following covalent linkage to anti-(human lymphocyte globulin or its F(ab')2 fragment. Eur J Biochem 104:381.
241. Rowland AJ, McKenzie IF, Pietersz GA (1994): Enhanced antitumour effects using a combination of two antibodies conjugated to different drugs. J Drug Target 2:113.
242. Rowsell S, Pauptit RA, Tucker AD, Melton RG, Blow DM, Brick P (1997): Crystal structure of carboxypeptidase G2, a bacterial enzyme with applications in cancer therapy. Structure 5:337.
243. Russell SM, Krauer KG, McKenzie IF, Pietersz GA (1990): Effect of tumor necrosis factor on the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of aminopterin-monoclonal antibody conjugates: parameters for optimization of therapy. Cancer Res 50:6028.
244. Rybak SM, Hoogenboom HR, Meade HM, Raus JM, Schwartz D, Youle RJ (1992a): Humanization of immunotoxins. PNAS 89:3165.
245. Rybak SM, Hoogenboom HR, Newton DL, Raus JC, Youle RJ ( 1992b): Rational immunotherapy with ribonuclease chimeras. An approach toward humanizing immunotoxins. Cell Biophys 21:121.
246. Rybak SM, Saxena SK, Ackerman EJ, Youle RJ (1991): Cytotoxic potential of ribonuclease and ribonuclease hybrid proteins. J Biol Chem 266:21202.
247. Sahin U, Hartmann F, Senter P, Pohl C, Engert A, Diehl V, Pfreundschuh M (1990): Specific activation of the prodrug mitomycin phosphate by a bispecific anti-CD30/ anti-alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibody. Cancer Res 50:6944.
248. Saleh MN, Khazaeli MB, Wheeler RH, Dropcho E, Liu T, Urist M, Miller DM, Lawson S, Dixon P, Russell CH, Lobuglio AF (1992): Phase I trial of the murine monoclonal anti-GD2 antibody 14G2a in metastatic melanoma. Cancer Res 52:4342.
249. Sausville EA, Headlee D, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Solomon D, Figg WD, Herdt J, Kopp WC, Rager H, Steinberg SM, Ghetie V, Schindler J, Uhr J, Wittes RE, Vitetta ES (1995): Continuous infusion of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin IgG-RFB4-SMPT-dgA in patients with B-cell lymphoma: a phase I study. Blood 85:3457.
250. Schechter B, Pauzner R, Arnon R, Haimovich J, Wilchek M (1987): Selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells by cisplatin complexed to antitumor antibodies via carboxymethyl dextran. Cancer Immunol Immunother 25:225.
251. Schmidt M, Wels W (1996): Targeted inhibition of tumour cell growth by a bispecific single-chain toxin containing an antibody domain and TGF alpha. Br J Cancer 74:853.
252. Schneider-Gadicke E, Riethmuller G (1995): Prevention of manifest metastasis with monoclonal antibodies: A novel approach to immunotherapy of solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 31:1326.
253. Scott AM, Welt S (1997): Antibody-based immunological therapies. Curr Opin Immunol 9:717.
254. Segal DM, Sconocchia G, Titus JA, Jost CR, Kurucz I (1995): Alternative triggering molecules and single chain bispecific antibodies. J Hematother 4:377.
255. Selvaggi K, Saria EA, Schwartz R, Vlock DR, Ackerman S, Wedel N, Kirkwood JM, Jones H, Ernstoff MS (1993): Phase I/II study of murine monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain (XOMAZYME-mel) immunoconjugate plus cyclosporine A in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother 13:201.
256. Senior J, Delgado C, Fisher D, Tilcock C, Gregoriadis G (1991): Influence of surface hydrophilicity of liposomes on their interaction with plasma protein and clearance from the circulation: studies with poly (ethylene glycol)-coated vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1062:77.
257. Senter PD (1990): Activation of prodrugs by antibody-enzyme conjugates: a new approach to cancer therapy. FASEB J 4:188.
258. Senter PD, Marquardt H, Thomas BA, Hammock BD, Frank IS, Svensson HP (1996): The role of rat serum carboxylesterase in the activation of paclitaxel and camptothecin prodrugs. Cancer Res. 56:1471.
259. Senter PD, Schreiber GJ, Hirschberg DL, Ashe SA, Hellstrom KE, Hellstrom I (1989): Enhancement of the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of phosphorylated mitomycin C and etoposide derivatives by monoclonal antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugates. Cancer Res 49:5789.
260. Senter PD, Su PC, Katsuragi T, Sakai T, Cosand WL, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE (1991): Generation of 5-fluorouracil from 5-fluorocytosine by monoclonal antibody-cytosine deaminase conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2:447.
261. Shawler DL, Johnson DE, Sweet MD, Myers LJ, Tudor SD, Beidler DE, Koziol JA, Dillman RO (1988): Preclinical trials using an immunoconjugate of T101 and methotrexate in an athymic mouse/human T-cell tumor model. J Biol Response Modifiers 7:608.
262. Shen WC, Ballou B, Ryser HJ, Hakala TR (1986): Targeting, internalization, and cytotoxicity of methotrexate-monoclonal anti-stage specific embryonic antigen-1 antibody conjugates in cultured F-9 teratocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 46:3912.
263. Shepard HM, Lewis GD, Sarup JC, Fendly BM, Maneval D, Mordenti J, Figari I, Kotts CE, Palladino MA, Ullrich A, Slamon D (1991): Monoclonal antibody therapy of human cancer: taking the HER2 protooncogene to the clinic. J Clin Immunol 11:117.
264. Shepherd TA, Jungheim LN, Meyer DL, Starling JJ (1991): A novel targeted delivery system utilizing a cephalosporin-oncolytic prodrug activated by an antibody beta-lactamase conjugate for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Medicinal Chem Lett 1:21.
265. Shih LB, Goldenberg DM (1990): Effects of methotrexate-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody immunoconjugates on GW-39 human tumors in nude mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 31:197.
266. Shih LB, Sharkey RM, Primus FJ, Goldenberg DM (1988): Site-specific linkage of methotrexate to monoclonal antibodies using an intermediate carrier. Int J Cancer 41:832.
267. Shouval D, Adler R, Wands JR, Hurwitz E, Isselbacher KJ, Sela M (1988): Doxorubicin conjugates of monoclonal antibodies to hepatoma-associated antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8276.
268. Siegall CB (1994a): Targeted toxins as anticancer agents. Cancer 74:1006.
269. Siegall CB, Haggerty HG, Warner GL, Chace D, Mixan B, Linsley PS, Davidson T (1997): Prevention of immunotoxin-induced immunogenicity by coadministration with CTLA4Ig enhances antitumor efficacy. J Immunol 159:5168.
270. Siegall CB, Chace D, Mixan B, Garrigues US, Wan H, Paul L, Wolff E, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE (1994b): In vitro and in vivo characterization of BR96 sFv-PE40. A single-chain immunotoxin fusion protein that cures human breast carcinoma xenografts in athymic mice and rats. J Immunol 152:2377.
271. Siegel MM, Tabei K, Kunz A, Hollander IJ, Hamann PR, Bell DH, Berkenkamp S, Hillenkamp F (1997): Calicheamicin derivatives conjugated to monoclonal antibodies: determination of loading values and distributions by infrared and UV matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 69:2716.
272. Sivam GP, Martin PJ, Reisfeld RA, Mueller BM (1995): Therapeutic efficacy of a doxorubicin immunocon-jugate in a preclinical model of spontaneous metastatic human melanoma. Cancer Res 55:2352.
273. Smyth MJ, Pietersz GA, Classon BJ, McKenzie IF (1986): Specific targeting of chlorambucil to tumors with the use of monoclonal antibodies. J Natl Cancer Inst 76:503.
274. Smyth MJ, Pietersz GA, McKenzie IF (1988): Increased antitumor effect of immunoconjugates and tumor necrosis factor in vivo. Cancer Res 48:3607.
275. Soler-Rodriguez AM, Ghetie MA, Oppenheimer-Marks N, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1993): Ricin A-chain and ricin A-chain immunotoxins rapidly damage human endothelial cells: implications for vascular leak syndrome. Exp Cell Res 206:227.
276. Spitler LE (1988): Clinical studies: solid tumors. In: Frankel AE (Ed.), "Immunotoxins." Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 493.
277. Springer CJ, Bagshawe KD, Sharma SK, Searle F, Boden JA, Antoniw P, Burke PJ, Rogers GT, Sherwood RF, Melton RG (1991): Ablation of human choriocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice by antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy with three novel compounds. Eur J Cancer 27:1361.
278. Springer CJ, Bavetsias V, Jackman AL, Boyle FT, Marshall D, Pedley RB, Bisset GM (1996): Prodrugs of thymidylate synthase inhibitors: potential for antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). Anticancer Drug Des 11:625.
279. Staerz UD, Kanagawa O, Bevan MJ (1985): Hybrid antibodies can target sites for attack by T cells. Nature 314:628.
280. Starling JJ, Maciak RS, Hinson NA, Hoskins J, Laguzza BC, Gadski RA, Strnad J, Rittmann-Grauer L, DeHerdt SV, Bumol TF (1990): In vivo selection of human tumor cells resistant to monoclonal antibody-Vinca alkaloid immunoconjugates. Cancer Res 50:7634.
281. Stastny JJ, Das Gupta TKD (1993): The use of daunomycin-antibody immunoconjugates in managing soft tissue sarcomas: nude mouse xenograft model. Cancer Res 53:5740.
282. Stigbrand T, Ullen A, Sandstrom P, Mirzaie-Joniani H, Sundstrom B, Nilsson B, Arlestig L, Norrlund RR, Ahlstrom KR, Hietala S (1996): Twenty years with monoclonal antibodies. Acta Oncologica 35:259.
283. Stockmeyer B, Valerius T, Repp R, Heijnen IAFM, Bühring H-J, Deo YM, Kalden JR, Gramatzki M, van de Winkel JGJ (1997): Preclinical studies with Fc gamma R bispecific antibodies and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed neutrophils as effector cells against HER-2/neu overexpressing breast cancer. Cancer Res 57:696.
284. Stone MJ, Sausville EA, Fay JW, Headlee D, Collins RH, Figg WD, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jain V, Jaffe ES, Solomon D, Lush RM, Senderowicz A, Ghetie V, Schindler J, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1996): A Phase I study of bolus vs. continuous infusion of the anti-CD 19 immunotoxin, IgG-HD37-dgA, in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Blood 88:1188.
285. Stribbling SM, Martin J, Pedley RB, Boden JA, Sharma SK, Springer CJ (1997): Biodistribution of an antibody-enzyme conjugate for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy in nude mice bearing a human colon adenocarcinoma xenograft. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 40:277.
286. Svensson HP, Kadow JF, Vrudhula VM, Wallace PM, Senter PD (1992): Monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates for the activation of a cephalosporin mustard prodrug. Bioconjug Chem 3:176.
287. Svensson HP, Vrudehula VM, Emswiler JE, MacMaster JF, Cosand WL, Senter PD, Wallace PM (1995): In vitro and in vivo activities of a doxorubicin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody B-lactamase conjugates. Cancer Res 55:2357.
288. Sweet F, Rosik LO, Sommers GM, Collins JL (1989): Daunorubicin conjugated to a monoclonal anti-CA125 antibody selectively kills human ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 34:305.
289. Sznol M, Holmlund J (1997): Antigen-specific agents in development. Semin Oncol 24:173.
290. Tao MH, Levy R (1993): Idiotype/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fusion protein as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Nature 362:755.
291. Thorpe PE, Burrows FJ (1995): Antibody directed targeting of the vasculature of solid tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 36:237.
292. Thorpe PE, Ross WC (1982): The preparation and cytotoxic properties of antibody-toxin conjugates. Immunol Rev 62:119.
293. Thorpe PE, Wallace PM, Knowles PP, Relf MG, Brown ANF, Watson GJ, Knyba RE, Wawrzynczak EJ, Blakey DC (1987): New coupling agents for the synthesis of immunotoxins containing a hindered disulfide bond with improved stability in vivo. Cancer Res 47:5924.
294. Thrush GR, Lark LR, Clinchy BC, Vitetta ES (1996): Immunotoxins: an update. Annu Rev Immunol 14:49.
295. Tian PY, Zhang ML, Huang J, Yu B, Zhen YS (1989): Specific binding and internalization of anti-CCT2 monoclonal antibody and bleomycin A6 conjugate in human leukemia cells [Chi]. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao - Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 24:16.
296. Titus JA, Garrido MA, Hecht TT, Winkler DF, Wunderlich JR, Segal DM (1987a): Human T cells targeted with anti-T3 cross-linked to antitumor antibody prevent tumor growth in nude mice. J Immunol 138:4018.
297. Titus JA, Perez P, Kaubisch A, Garrido MA, Segal DM (1987b): Human K/natural killer cells targeted with hetero-crosslinked antibodies specifically lyse tumor cells in vitro and prevent tumor growth in vivo. J Immunol 139:3153.
298. Tjandra JJ, Pietersz GA, Teh JG, Cuthbertson AM, Sullivan JR, Penfold C, McKenzie IF, Smyth M (1989): Phase I clinical trial of drug-monoclonal antibody conjugates in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: a preliminary report. Surgery 106:533.
299. Trail PA, Rose WC (1989): Development of a human xenograft model for the evaluation of monoclonal antibody L6-mitomycin immunoconjugates. In Vivo 3:319.
300. Trail PA, Willner D, Lasch SJ, Henderson AJ, Hofstead S, Casazza AM, Firestone RA, Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE (1993): Cure of xenografted human carcinomas by BR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugates. Science 261:212.
301. Trauth BC, Klas C, Peters AMJ, Matzku S, Moller P, Falk W, Debatin K-M, Krammer PH (1989): Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science 245:301.
302. Tsukada Y, Bischof WK, Hibi N, Hirai H, Hurwitz E, Sela M (1982a): Effect of a conjugate of daunomycin and antibodies to rat alpha-fetoprotein on the growth of alpha-fetoprotein-producing tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:621.
303. Tsukada Y, Hurwitz E, Kashi R, Sela M, Hibi N, Hara A, Hirai H (1982b): Chemotherapy by intravenous administration of conjugates of daunomycin with monoclonal and conventional anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7896.
304. Tsukada Y, Kato Y, Umemoto N, Takeda Y, Hara T, Hirai H (1984): An antialpha-fetoprotein-daunomycin conjugate with a novel poly-L-glutamic acid derivative as intermediate drug carrier. J Natl Cancer Inst 73:721.
305. Tsunenari T, Akamatsu K-I, Kaiho S-I, Sato K, Tsuchiya M, Koishihara Y, Kishimoto T, Ohsugi Y (1996): Therapeutic potential of humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody: Antitumor activity in xenograft model of multiple myeloma. Anticancer Res 6:2537.
306. + human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency using B43 (anti-CD 19) pokeweed antiviral protein immunotoxin plus cyclophosphamide. Blood 79:3116.
307. Vadhan-Raj S, Cordon-Cardo C, Carswell E, Mintzer D, Dantis L, Duteau C, Templeton MA, Oettgen HF, Old LJ, Houghton AN (1988): Phase I trial of a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside in patients with melanoma: induction of inflammatory responses at tumor sites. J Clin Oncol 6:1636.
308. Valerius T, Stockmeyer B, van Spriel AB, Graziano RF, van den Herik-Oudijk IE, Repp R, Deo YM, Lund J, Kalden JR, Gramatzki M, van de Winkel JG (1997): Fc alpha RI (CD89) as a novel trigger molecule for bispecific antibody therapy. Blood 90:4485.
309. Valone FH, Kaufman PA, Guyre PM, Lewis LD, Memoli V, Ernstoff MS, Wells W, Barth R, Deo Y, Fisher J (1995): Clinical trials of bispecific antibody MDX-210 in women with advanced breast or ovarian cancer that overexpresses HER-2/neu. J Hematother 4:471.
310. Vitetta ES, Stone M, Amlot P, Fay J, May R, Till M, Newman J, Clark P., Collins, R, Cunningham D, Ghetie V, Uhr JW, Thorpe PE (1991): Phase I immunotoxin trial in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Res 51:4052.
311. Vitetta ES, Uhr JW (1994): Monoclonal antibodies as agonists: an expanded role for their use in cancer therapy. Cancer Res 54:5301.
312. von Mehren M, Weiner LM (1996): Monoclonal antibody-based therapy. Curr Opin Oncol 8:493.
313. Vriesendorp HM, Herpst JM, Germack MA, Klein JL, Leichner PK, Loudenslager DM, Order SE (1991): Phase I-II studies of Yttrium-labeled antiferritin treatment for end-stage Hodgkin' s disease, including radiation therapy oncology group 87-01. J Clin Oncol 9:918.
314. Vrudhula VM, Senter PD, Fischer KJ, Wallace PM (1993a): Prodrugs of doxorubicin and melphalan and their activation by a monoclonal antibody penicillin-G amidase conjugate. J Med Chem 36:919.
315. Vrudhula VM, Svensson HP, Kennedy KA, Senter PD, Wallace PM (1993b): Antitumor activities of a cephalosporin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 4:334.
316. Vrudhula VM, Svensson HP, Senter PD (1995): Cephalosporin derivatives of doxorubicin as prodrugs for activation by monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates. J Med Chem 36:919.
317. Vrudhula VM, Svensson HP, Senter PD (1997): Immunologically specific activation of a cephalosporin derivative of mitomycin C by monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates. J Med Chem 40:2788.
318. Vuist W.MJ, Levy R, Maloney DG (1994): Lymphoma regression induced by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies correlates with their ability to induce Ig signal transduction and is not prevented by tumor expression of high levels of Bcl-2 protein. Blood 83:899.
319. Waldmann TA (1991): Monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis and therapy. Science 252:5013, 1657.
320. Waldmann TA, Goldman CK, Bongiovanni KF, Sharrow SO, Davey MP, Cease KB, Greenberg SJ, Longo DL (1988): Therapy of patients with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced adult T-cell leukemia with anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody to the receptor for interleukin-2. Blood 72:1805.
321. Wallace PM, MacMaster JF, Smith VF, Kerr DE, Senter PD, Cosand WL (1994): Intratumoral generation of 5-fluorouracil mediated by an antibody cytosine deaminase conjugate in combination with 5-fluorocytosine. Cancer Res 54:2719.
322. Wallace PM, Senter PD (1991): In vitro and in vivo activities of monoclonal antibody alkaline phosphatase conjugates in combination with phenol mustard phosphate. Bioconjug Chem 2:349.
323. Weiner GJ, de Gast GC (1995): Bispecific monoclonal antibody therapy of B-cell malignancy. Leuk Lymphoma 16:199.
324. Weiner GJ, Hillstrom JR (1991): Bispecific anti-idiotype/ anti-CD3 antibody therapy of murine B cell lymphoma. J Immunol 147:4035.
325. Weiner LM, Alpaugh RK, Amoroso AR, Adams GP, Ring DB, Barth MW (1996):
326. Weiner LM, Clark JI, Davey M, Li WS, Garcia de Palazzo I, Ring DB, Alpaugh RK (1995): Phase I trial of 2B1, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting c-erbB-2 and Fc gamma RIII. Cancer Res 55:4586.
327. Weiner LM, O'Dwyer J, Kitson J, Comis RL, Frankel AE, Bauer RJ, Konrad MS, Groves ES (1989): Phase I evaluation of an anti-breast carcinoma monoclonal antibody 260F9-recombinant ricin A chain immuno-conjugate. Cancer Res 49:4062.
328. Wersall P, Ohlsson I, Biberfeld P, Collins VP, von Krusenstjerna S, Larsson S, Mellstedt H, Boethius J (1997): Intratumoral infusion of the monoclonal antibody, mAb 425, against the epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with advanced malignant glioma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 44:157.
329. Weynants, P., Marchandise, F.-X. and Sibille, Y. (1997): Pulmonary perspective: immunology in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Eur Respir J 10:1703.
330. + and CD52-T cells are induced in responding B cell lymphoma patients treated with Campath-1H (anti-CD52). Eur J Haematol 58:5.
331. Wilder RB, DeNardo GL, DeNardo SJ (1996): Radioimmunotherapy: recent results and future directions. J Clin Oncol 14:1383.
332. Wu X, Fan Z, Masui H, Rosen S, Mendelsohn J (1995): Apoptosis induced by an antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line and its delay by insulin. J Clin Invest 95:1897.
333. Wu Y, Mikulski SM, Ardelt W, Rybak SM, Youle RJ (1993): A cytotoxic ribonuclease. Study of the mechanism of onconase cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 268:10686.
334. Xiang R, Lode HN, Dolman CS, Dreier T, Varki NM, Qian X, Lo K-M, Lan Y, Super M, Gillies SD, Reisfeld RA (1997): Elimination of established murine colon carcinoma metastases by antibody interleukin-2 fusion protein therapy. Cancer Res 57:4948.
335. Yang HM, Reisfeld RA (1988): Doxorubicin conjugated with a monoclonal antibody directed to a human melanoma-associated proteoglycan suppresses the growth of established tumor xenografts in nude mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:1189.
336. Yarmush ML, Thorpe WP, Strong L, Rakestraw SL, Toner M, Tompkins RG (1993): Antibody targeted photolysis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 10:197.
337. Yokota T, Milenic DE, Whitlow M, Schlom J (1992): Rapid tumor penetration of a single-chain Fv and comparison with other immunoglobulin forms. Cancer Res 52:3402.
338. Youle RJ, Neville DM, Jr (1980): Anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody linked to ricin is a potent cell type specific toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5483.
339. Youle RJ, Newton D, Wu YN, Gadina M, Rybak SM (1993): Cytotoxic ribonucleases and chimeras in cancer therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 10:1.
340. Zalutsky MR, Bigner DD (1996): Radioimmunotherapy with α-particle emitting radioimmunoconjugates. Acta Oncolog 35:373.