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This is driven home by the recent example of Crixivan®, the HIV-protease inhibitor drug developed by Merck. Although it served as inspiration for a large body of exciting research in asymmetric catalysis, in the end its commercial synthesis relies on the use of two classical resolutions and three diastereoselective reactions. See: P. J. Reider, Chimia 1997, 51, 306-308.
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Reviews: (a) H. B. Kagan, J. C. Fiaud In Topics in Stereochemistry (Eds.: E. L. Eliel, J. C. Fiaud), Wiley, New York, 1988; Vol. 18, pp 249-330; (b) A. H. Hoveyda, M. T. Didiuk, Curr. Org. Chem. 1998, 2, 537-574.
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85037266018
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note
-
It is not uncommon for the ee of the product of an enantioselective transformation to change during the course of reaction, particularly in the late stages. This is often encountered when catalyst undergoes decomposition to a species that is still catalytically active, but poorly-or non-enantioselective. Other factors that can lead to changing ee's include alteration of catalyst due to coordination of the chiral product, or subsequent reaction of product in a kinetic resolution manifold. However, these all can be viewed as secondary pathways outside of the principal enantioselective reactive manifold.
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-
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13
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0033552241
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(a) T. O Luukas, C. Girard, D. R. Fenwick, H. B. Kagan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9299-9306;
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15
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85037268677
-
-
note
-
Consider a reaction displaying saturation kinetics in substrate, as is generally the case if the kinetic resolution involves reversible coordination of substrate to catalyst. In such reactions the kinetic order in substrate can shift from zero-to first-order as the substrate concentration decreases.
-
-
-
-
17
-
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85037285607
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note
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rel values, this will not always be possible.
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18
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0002923489
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Reviews: (a) R. Noyori, M. Tokunaga, M. Kitamura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 68, 36-56; (b) U. T. Strauss, U. Felfer, Tetrahedron Asymetry. 1999, 10, 107-117; M. T. El Gihani, J. M. J. Williams, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1999, 3, 11-15.
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0033556602
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Reviews: (a) R. Noyori, M. Tokunaga, M. Kitamura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 68, 36-56; (b) U. T. Strauss, U. Felfer, Tetrahedron Asymetry. 1999, 10, 107-117; M. T. El Gihani, J. M. J. Williams, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1999, 3, 11-15.
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Strauss, U.T.1
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0033023975
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Reviews: (a) R. Noyori, M. Tokunaga, M. Kitamura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 68, 36-56; (b) U. T. Strauss, U. Felfer, Tetrahedron Asymetry. 1999, 10, 107-117; (c) M. T. El Gihani, J. M. J. Williams, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1999, 3, 11-15.
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El Gihani, M.T.1
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0346191920
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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Lee, D.1
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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Huerta, F.F.1
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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0001660358
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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For leading examples, see: (a) D. Lee, E. A. Huh, M.-J. Kim, H. M. Jung, J. H. Koh, J. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2377-2379; (b) F. F. Huerta, Y. R. Santosh Laxmi, J.-E. Bäckvall, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1037-1040; (c) B. A. Persson, F. F. Huerta, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 5237-5240; (d) J. Liang, J. C. Ruble, G. C. Fu, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3154-3155; (e) B. A. Persson, A. L. E. Larsson, M. Le Ray, J.-E. Bäckvall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1645-1650; (f) S. E. Schaus, E. N. Jacobsen, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7939-7942; (g) M. Kitamura, M. Tokunaga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2931-2932.
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