MRI for assessing antivascular cancer treatments

British Journal of Radiology

Volumn 76, Issue SPEC. ISS. 1, 2003, Pages

  Padhani, A R ^a  

^a MOUNT VERNON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE ALBUMIN; VASCULAR TARGETING AGENT; VASCULOTROPIN INHIBITOR; VATALANIB;

BLOOD OXYGENATION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MICROVASCULATURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERMEABILITY; PLASMA VOLUME; PREDICTION; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SIDE EFFECT; TISSUE PERFUSION; VALIDATION PROCESS; XENOGRAFT;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; CONTRAST MEDIA; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; RADIOACTIVE TRACERS;

EID: 8844226627     PISSN: 00071285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1259/bjr/15334380     Document Type: Review

References (200)

1. Neeman M, Dafni H. Structural, functional, and molecular MR imaging of the microvasculature. Ann Rev Biomed Eng 2003;5:29-56.
2. Dewhirst MW. Angiogenesis and blood flow in solid tumors. In: Teicher B, editor. Drug resistance in oncology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993;3-24.
3. Dvorak HF, Nagy JA, Feng D, Brown LF, Dvorak AM. Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor and the significance of microvascular hyperpermeability in angiogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999;237:97-132.
4. Benjamin LE, Golijanin D, Itin A, Pode D, Keshet E. Selective ablation of immature blood vessels in established human tumors follows vascular endothelial growth factor withdrawal. J Clin Invest 1999;103:159-65.
5. Brasch RC, Li KC, Husband JE, et al. In vivo monitoring of tumor angiogenesis with MR imaging. Acad Radiol 2000;7:812-23.
6. Brasch R, Turetschek K. MRI characterization of tumors and grading angiogenesis using macromolecular contrast media: status report. Eur J Radiol 2000;34:148-55.
7. Weissleder R, Mahmood U. Molecular imaging. Radiology 2001;219:316-33.
8. Choyke PL, Dwyer AJ, Knopp MV. Functional tumor imaging with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003;17:509-20.
9. Parker GJ, Tofts PS. Pharmacokinetic analysis of neoplasms using contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:130-42.
10. Padhani AR. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in clinical oncology: current status and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002;16:407-22.
11. Howe FA, Robinson SP, McIntyre DJ, Stubbs M, Griffiths JR. Issues in flow and oxygenation dependent contrast (FLOOD) imaging of tumours. NMR Biomed 2001;14:497-506.
12. Abramovitch R, Dafni H, Smouha E, Benjamin LE, Neeman M. In vivo prediction of vascular susceptibility to vascular endothelial growth factor withdrawal: magnetic resonance imaging of C6 rat glioma in nude mice. Cancer Res 1999;59:5012-6.
13. Gross S, Gilead A, Scherz A, Neeman M, Salomon Y. Monitoring photodynamic therapy of solid tumors online by BOLD-contrast MRI. Nat Med 2003;9:1327-31.
14. Robinson SP, McIntyre DJ, Checkley D, et al. Tumour dose response to the antivascular agent ZD6126 assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Cancer 2003;88:1592-7.
15. Daldrup HE, Shames DM, Husseini W, Wendland MF, Okuhata Y, Brasch RC. Quantification of the extraction fraction for gadopentetate across breast cancer capillaries. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:537-43.
16. Tofts PS, Brix G, Buckley DL, et al. Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: standardized quantities and symbols. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:223-32.
17. Barbier EL, Lamalle L, Decorps M. Methodology of brain perfusion imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;13:496-520.
18. Sorensen AG, Tievsky AL, Ostergaard L, Weisskoff RM, Rosen BR. Contrast agents in functional MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:47-55.
19. Simonsen CZ, Ostergaard L, Smith DF, Vestergaard-Poulsen P, Gyldensted C. Comparison of gradient- and spin-echo imaging: CBF, CBV, and MTT measurements by bolus tracking. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:411-6.
20. Dennie J, Mandeville JB, Boxerman JL, Packard SD, Rosen BR, Weisskoff RM. NMR imaging of changes in vascular morphology due to tumor angiogenesis. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:793-9.
21. Bruening R, Berchtenbreiter C, Holzknecht N, et al. Effects of three different doses of a bolus injection of gadodiamide: assessment of regional cerebral blood volume maps in a blinded reader study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1603-10.
22. Rausch M, Scheffler K, Rudin M, Radu EW. Analysis of input functions from different arterial branches with gamma variate functions and cluster analysis for quantitative blood volume measurements. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:1235-43.
23. Rosen BR, Belliveau JW, Buchbinder BR, et al. Contrast agents and cerebral hemodynamics. Magn Reson Med 1991;19:285-92.
24. Ostergaard L, Sorensen AG, Kwong KK, Weisskoff RM, Gyldensted C, Rosen BR. High resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part II: Experimental comparison and preliminary results. Magn Reson Med 1996;36:726-36.
25. Jackson A, Kassner A, Zhu XP, Li KL. Reproducibility of T2* blood volume and vascular tortuosity maps in cerebral gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:510-6.
26. Wenz F, Rempp K, Brix G, et al. Age dependency of the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging (DSC). Magn Reson Imaging 1996;14:157-62.
27. Wenz F, Rempp K, Hess T, et al. Effect of radiation on blood volume in low-grade astrocytomas and normal brain tissue: quantification with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging. AIR Am J Roentgenol 1996;166:187-93.
28. Liu YJ, Chung HW, Huang IJ, et al. A reinvestigation of maximal signal drop in dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging. J Neuroimaging 2002;12:330-8.
29. Cha S, Lu S, Johnson G, Knopp EA. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging: correlation of signal intensity changes with cerebral blood volume measurements. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;11:114-9.
30. Moseley ME, Vexler Z, Asgari HS, et al. Comparison of Gd-and Dy-chelates for T2 contrast-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Med 1991;22:259-64.
31. Reimer P, Schuierer G, Balzer T, Peters PE. Application of a superparamagnetic iron oxide (Resovist) for MR imaging of human cerebral blood volume. Magn Reson Med 1995; 34:694-7.
32. Lev MH, Kulke SF, Sorensen AG, et al. Contrast-to-noise ratio in functional MRI of relative cerebral blood volume with sprodiamide injection. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:523-7.
33. Forsting M, Reith W, Dorfler A, von Kummer R, Hacke W, Sartor K. MRI in acute cerebral ischaemia: perfusion imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide in a rat model. Neuroradiology 1994;36:23-6.
34. Bjornerud A, Johansson LO, Ahlstrom HK. Renal T(*)(2) perfusion using an iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agent-influence of T(1) relaxation on the first-pass response. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:298-304.
35. Bjerner T, Johansson L, Ericsson A, Wikstrom G, Hemmingsson A, Ahlstrom H. First-pass myocardial perfusion MR imaging with outer-volume suppression and the intravascular contrast agent NC100150 injection: preliminary results in eight patients. Radiology 2001;221:822-6.
36. d'Arcy JA, Collins DJ, Rowland IJ, Padhani AR, Leach MO. Applications of sliding window reconstruction with cartesian sampling for dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. NMR Biomed 2002;15:174-83.
37. Keston P, Murray AD, Jackson A. Cerebral perfusion imaging using contrast-enhanced MRI. Clin Radiol 2003; 58:505-13.
38. Cha S, Knopp EA, Johnson G, Wetzel SG, Litt AW, Zagzag D. Intracranial mass lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging. Radiology 2002;223:11-29.
39. Barbier EL, den Boer JA, Peters AR, Rozeboom AR, Sau J, Bonmartin A. A model of the dual effect of gadopentetate dimeglumine on dynamic brain MR images. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:242-53.
40. Hacklander T, Reichenbach JR, Modder U. Comparison of cerebral blood volume measurements using the T1 and T2* methods in normal human brains and brain tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997;21:857-66.
41. Aronen HJ, Gazit IE, Louis DN, et al. Cerebral blood volume maps of gliomas: comparison with tumor grade and histologic findings. Radiology 1994;191:41-51.
42. Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Shigematsu Y, et al. Value of dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of intracranial tumors. Top Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:114-24.
43. Ostergaard L, Hochberg FH, Rabinov JD, et al. Early changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability following dexamethasone treatment in patients with brain tumors. J Neurosurg 1999;90: 300-5.
44. Siegal T, Rubinstein R, Tzuk-Shina T, Gomori JM. Utility of relative cerebral blood volume mapping derived from perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in the routine follow up of brain tumors. J Neurosurg 1997;86:22-7.
45. Sorensen AG, Copen WA, Ostergaard L, et al. Hyperacute stroke: simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time. Radiology 1999;210:519-27.
46. Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Kochi M, et al. Correlation of MR imaging-determined cerebral blood volume maps with histologic and angiographic determination of vascularity of gliomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:1479-86.
47. Pathak AP, Schmainda KM, Ward BD, Linderman JR, Rebro KJ, Greene AS. MR-derived cerebral blood volume maps: issues regarding histological validation and assessment of tumor angiogenesis. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:735-47.
48. Cha S, Johnson G, Wadghiri YZ, et al. Dynamic, contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI in mouse gliomas: correlation with histopathology. Magn Reson Med 2003;49: 848-55.
49. Aronen HJ, Glass J, Pardo FS, et al. Echo-planar MR cerebral blood volume mapping of gliomas. Clinical utility. Acta Radiol 1995;36:520-8.
50. Knopp EA, Cha S, Johnson G, et al. Glial neoplasms: dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 1999; 211:791-8.
51. Bagley LJ, Grossman RI, Judy KD, et al. Gliomas: correlation of magnetic susceptibility artifact with histologic grade. Radiology 1997;202:511-6.
52. Ichikawa T, Haradome H, Hachiya J, Nitatori T, Araki T. Characterization of hepatic lesions by perfusion-weighted MR imaging with an echoplanar sequence. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;170:1029-34.
53. Kuhl CK, Bieling H, Gieseke J, et al. Breast neoplasms: T2* susceptibility-contrast, first-pass perfusion MR imaging. Radiology 1997;202:87-95.
54. Kvistad KA, Lundgren S, Fjosne HE, Smenes E, Smethurst HB, Haraldseth O. Differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions with T2*-weighted first pass perfusion imaging. Acta Radiol 1999; 40:45-51.
55. Weind KL, Maier CF, Rutt BK, Moussa M. Invasive carcinomas and fibroadenomas of the breast: comparison of microvessel distributions - implications for imaging modalities. Radiology 1998;208:477-83.
56. Ah-See MW, Makris A, Taylor NJ, et al. Multi-functional magnetic resonance imaging predicts for clinico-pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. In: 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. San Antonio, 2003;252.
57. Cha S, Knopp EA, Johnson G, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging of recurrent malignant gliomas treated with thalidomide and carboplatin. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:881-90.
58. Yung WK, Friedman H, Conrad C, et al. A phase I trial of single-agent PTK 787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK), an oral VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. In: ASCO. Chicago, 2003;395.
59. Larsson HB, Stubgaard M, Frederiksen JL, Jensen M, Henriksen O, Paulson OB. Quantitation of blood-brain barrier defect by magnetic resonance imaging and gadolinium-DTPA in patients with multiple sclerosis and brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 1990;16:117-31.
60. Gowland P, Mansfield P, Bullock P, Stehling M, Worthington B, Firth J. Dynamic studies of gadolinium uptake in brain tumors using inversion-recovery echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Med 1992;26:241-58.
61. Parker GJ, Suckling J, Tanner SF, et al. Probing tumor microvascularity by measurement, analysis and display of contrast agent uptake kinetics. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:564-74.
62. Su MY, Jao JC, Nalcioglu O. Measurement of vascular volume fraction and blood-tissue permeability constants with a pharmacokinetic model: studies in rat muscle tumors with dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 1994;32:714-24.
63. Su MY, Cheung YC, Fruehauf JP, et al. Correlation of dynamic contrast enhancement MRI parameters with microvessel density and VEGF for assessment of angiogenesis in breast cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003;18: 467-77.
64. Kuhl CK, Mielcareck P, Klaschik S, et al. Dynamic breast MR imaging: are signal intensity time course data useful for differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions? Radiology 1999;211:101-10.
65. Daniel BL, Yen YF, Glover GH, et al. Breast disease: dynamic spiral MR imaging. Radiology 1998;209:499-509.
66. Flickinger FW, Allison JD, Sherry RM, Wright JC. Differentiation of benign from malignant breast masses by time-intensity evaluation of contrast enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 1993;11:617-20.
67. Kaiser WA, Zeitler E. MR imaging of the breast: fast imaging sequences with and without Gd-DTPA. Preliminary observations. Radiology 1989;170:681-6.
68. Gribbestad IS, Nilsen G, Fjosne HE, Kvinnsland S, Haugen OA, Rinck PA. Comparative signal intensity measurements in dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR mammography. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994;4:477-80.
69. Evelhoch JL. Key factors in the acquisition of contrast kinetic data for oncology. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:254-9.
70. Walker S, Dzik-Jurasz AS, D'arcy JA, Leach MO, Collins DJ. Evaluation of area under curve [Gd] data derived from DCE-MRI time series in brain tumours. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003;1267.
71. Leach MO, Brindle KM, Evelhoch JL, et al. Assessment of anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular therapeutics using magnetic resonance imaging: recommendations for appropriate methodology for clinical trials. In: American Association for Cancer Research. Washington, D.C., 2003;504.
72. Parker GJ, Baustert I, Tanner SF, Leach MO. Improving image quality and T(1) measurements using saturation recovery turboFLASH with an approximate K-space normalisation filter. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:157-67.
73. Kety SS. The theory and applications of the exchange of inert gas at the lungs and tissues. Pharmacol Rev 1951;3: 1-41.
74. Tofts PS, Kermode AG. Measurement of the blood-brain barrier permeability and leakage space using dynamic MR imaging. 1. Fundamental concepts. Magn Reson Med 1991;17:357-67.
75. Brix G, Semmler W, Port R, Schad LR, Layer G, Lorenz WJ. Pharmacokinetic parameters in CNS Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991;15:621-8.
76. Tofts PS. Modeling tracer kinetics in dynamic Gd-DTPA MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:91-101.
77. Kiessling F, Krix M, Heilmann M, et al. Comparing dynamic parameters of tumor vascularization in nude mice revealed by magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced intermittent power Doppler sonography. Invest Radiol 2003;38:516-24.
78. Cosgrove D, Eckersley R, Blomley M, Harvey C. Quantification of blood flow. Eur Radiol 2001;11: 1338-44.
79. Ah-See MW, Padhani AR, Taylor NJ, et al. Evaluation of VEGF expression within breast cancer biopsies & tumour microvasculature assessment by multi-functional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. In: The 4th European Breast Cancer Conference (EBCC-4). Hamburg, Germany, 2004.
80. Maxwell RJ, Wilson J, Prise VE, et al. Evaluation of the anti-vascular effects of combretastatin in rodent tumours by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. NMR Biomed 2002; 15:89-98.
81. Tofts PS, Berkowitz B, Schnall MD. Quantitative analysis of dynamic Gd-DTPA enhancement in breast tumors using a permeability model. Magn Reson Med 1995;33:564-8.
82. Landis CS, Li X, Telang FW, et al. Determination of the MRI contrast agent concentration time course in vivo following bolus injection: effect of equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange. Magn Reson Med 2000;44: 563-74.
83. Buckley DL. Transcytolemmal water exchange and its affect on the determination of contrast agent concentration in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:420-1.
84. Dale BM, Jesberger JA, Lewin JS, Hillenbrand CM, Duerk JL. Determining and optimizing the precision of quantitative measurements of perfusion from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:575-84.
85. Weinmann HJ, Laniado M, Mutzel W. Pharmacokinetics of GdDTPA/dimeglumine after intravenous injection into healthy volunteers. Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR 1984; 16:167-72.
86. Buckley DL. Uncertainty in the analysis of tracer kinetics using dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:601-6.
87. Stomper PC, Winston JS, Herman S, Klippenstein DL, Arredondo MA, Blumenson LE. Angiogenesis and dynamic MR imaging gadolinium enhancement of malignant and benign breast lesions. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997;45: 39-46.
88. Hawighorst H, Knapstein PG, Weikel W, et al. Angiogenesis of uterine cervical carcinoma: characterization by pharmacokinetic magnetic resonance parameters and histological microvessel density with correlation to lymphatic involvement. Cancer Res 1997;57:4777-86.
89. Tynninen O, Aronen HJ, Ruhala M, et al. MRI enhancement and microvascular density in gliomas. Correlation with tumor cell proliferation. Invest Radiol 1999;34:427-34.
90. Buckley DL, Drew PJ, Mussurakis S, Monson JR, Horsman A. Microvessel density of invasive breast cancer assessed by dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:461-4.
91. Schlemmer HP, Merkle J, Grobholz R, et al. Can preoperative contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for prostate cancer predict microvessel density in prostatectomy specimens? Eur Radiol 2004;14:309-17.
92. Carriero A, Ambrossini R, Mattei PA, Angelucci D, Bonomo L. Magnetic resonance of the breast: correlation between enhancement patterns and microvessel density in malignant tumors. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2002;21: 83-7.
93. de Lussanet QG, Backes WH, Griffioen AW, van Engelshoven JM, Beets-Tan RG. Gadopentetate dimeglumine versus ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide for dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of tumor angiogenesis in human colon carcinoma in mice. Radiology 2003;229:429-38.
94. Hulka CA, Edmister WB, Smith BL, et al. Dynamic echoplanar imaging of the breast: experience in diagnosing breast carcinoma and correlation with tumor angiogenesis. Radiology 1997;205:837-42.
95. Cooper RA, Carrington BM, Loncaster JA, et al. Tumour oxygenation levels correlate with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters in carcinoma of the cervix. Radiother Oncol 2000;57:53-9.
96. Knopp MV, Weiss E, Sinn HP, et al. Pathophysiologic basis of contrast enhancement in breast tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:260-6.
97. Ah-See MW, Padhani AR, Taylor NJ, et al. Evaluation of VEGF expression within breast cancer biopsies & tumour microvasculature assessment by multi-functional dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. In: The 4th European Breast Cancer Conference (EBCC-4). Hamburg, Germany, 2004: 159.
98. Bhujwalla ZM, Artemov D, Natarajan K, Ackerstaff E, Solaiyappan M. Vascular differences detected by MRI for metastatic versus nonmetastatic breast and prostate cancer xenografts. Neoplasia 2001;3:143-53.
99. Pham CD, Roberts TP, van Bruggen N, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detects suppression of tumor vascular permeability after administration of antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Invest 1998;16: 225-30.
100. Gossmann A, Helbich TH, Kuriyama N, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate marker of tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy in a xenograft model of glioblastoma multiforme. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002;15:233-40.
101. Checkley D, Tessier JJ, Kendrew J, Waterton JC, Wedge SR. Use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate acute treatment with ZD6474, a VEGF signalling inhibitor, in PC-3 prostate tumours. Br J Cancer 2003;89:1889-95.
102. Turetschek K, Preda A, Floyd E, et al. MRI monitoring of tumor response following angiogenesis inhibition in an experimental human breast cancer model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:448-55.
103. Morgan B, Thomas AL, Drevs J, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK 222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results from two phase I studies. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3955-64.
104. Jayson GC, Zweit J, Jackson A, et al. Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody: implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1484-93.
105. Matsubayashi R, Matsuo Y, Edakuni G, Satoh T, Tokunaga O, Kudo S. Breast masses with peripheral rim enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images: correlation of MR findings with histologic features and expression of growth factors. Radiology 2000;217:841-8.
106. Yamashita Y, Baba T, Baba Y, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of uterine cervical cancer: pharmacokinetic analysis with histopathologic correlation and its importance in predicting the outcome of radiation therapy. Radiology 2000;216:803-9.
107. Lyng H, Vorren AO, Sundfor K, et al. Assessment of tumor oxygenation in human cervical carcinoma by use of dynamic Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:750-6.
108. Konouchi H, Asaumi J, Yanagi Y, et al. Evaluation of tumor proliferation using dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2003;39:290-5.
109. Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al, MRI screening for breast cancer in women with familial or genetic predisposition: design of the Dutch National Study (MRISC). Fam Cancer 2001;1:163-8.
110. Brown J, Buckley D, Coulthard A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging screening in women at genetic risk of breast cancer: imaging and analysis protocol for the UK multicentre study. UK MRI Breast Screening Study Advisory Group. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:765-76.
111. Stoutjesdijk MJ, Boetes C, Jager GJ, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and mammography in women with a hereditary risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1095-102.
112. Kuhl CK, Schmutzler RK, Leutner CC, et al. Breast MR imaging screening in 192 women proved or suspected to be carriers of a breast cancer susceptibility gene: preliminary results. Radiology 2000;215:267-79.
113. van der Woude HJ, Verstraete KL, Hogendoorn PC, Taminiau AH, Hermans J, Bloem JL. Musculoskeletal tumors: does fast dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging contribute to the characterization? Radiology 1998;208:821-8.
114. Liu PF, Krestin GP, Huch RA, Gohde SC, Caduff RF, Debatin JF. MRI of the uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina: diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced fast multiplanar gradient-echo imaging in comparison with fast spin-echo T2-weighted pulse imaging. Eur Radiol 1998; 8:1433-40.
115. Barentsz JO, Jager GJ, van Vierzen PB, et al. Staging urinary bladder cancer after transurethral biopsy: value of fast dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1996;201:185-93.
116. Jager GJ, Ruijter ET, van de Kaa CA, et al. Dynamic TurboFLASH subtraction technique for contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the prostate: correlation with histopathologic results. Radiology 1997;203;645-52.
117. Huch Boni RA, Boner JA, Lutolf UM, Trinkler F, Pestalozzi DM, Krestin GP. Contrast-enhanced endorectal coil MRI in local staging of prostate carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995;19:232-1.
118. Hawighorst H, Weikel W, Knapstein PC, et al. Angiogenic activity of cervical carcinoma: assessment by functional magnetic resonance imaging-based parameters and a histomorphological approach in correlation with disease outcome. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:2305-12.
119. Mayr NA, Yuh WT, Magnotta VA, et al. Tumor perfussion studies using fast magnetic resonance imaging technique in advanced cervical cancer: a new noninvasive predictive assay. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:623-33.
120. Gilles R, Guinebretiere JM, Shapeero LG, et al. Assessment of breast cancer recurrence with contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging: preliminary results in 26 patients. Radiology 1993;188:473-9.
121. Kerslake RW, Fox JN, Carleton PJ, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced and fat suppressed magnetic resonance imaging in suspected recurrent carcinoma of the breast: preliminary experience. Br J Radiol 1994;67:1158-68.
122. Mussurakis S, Buckley DL, Bowsley SJ, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast combined with pharmacokinetic analysis of gadolinium-DTPA uptake in the diagnosis of local recurrence of early stage breast carcinoma. Invest Radiol 1995; 30:650-62.
123. Kinkel K, Tardivon AA, Soyer P, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction versus T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging in the follow-up of colorectal neoplasm: a prospective study of 41 patients. Radiology 1996;200: 453-8.
124. Hawnaur JM, Zhu XP, Hutchinson CE. Quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of recurrent pelvic masses in patients treated for cancer. Br J Radiol 1998;71:1136-42.
125. Dao TH, Rahmouni A, Campana F, Laurent M, Asselain B, Fourquet A. Tumor recurrence versus fibrosis in the irradiated breast: differentiation with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1993;187:751-5.
126. Heywang-Kobrunner SH, Schlegel A, Beck R, et al. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast after limited surgery and radiation therapy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993; 17:891-900.
127. Blomqvist L, Fransson P, Hindmarsh T. The pelvis after surgery and radio-chemotherapy for rectal cancer studied with Gd-DTPA-enhanced fast dynamic MR imaging. Eur Radiol 1998;8:781-7.
128. Barentsz JO, Berger-Hartog O, Witjes JA, et al. Evaluation of chemotherapy in advanced urinary bladder cancer with fast dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1998;207:791-7.
129. Reddick WE, Taylor JS, Fletcher BD. Dynamic MR imaging (DEMRI) of microcirculation in bone sarcoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;10:277-85.
130. van der Woude HJ, Bloem JL, Verstraete KL, Taminiau AH, Nooy MA, Hogendoorn PC. Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: value of dynamic MR imaging in detecting viable tumor before surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;165:593-8.
131. Knopp MV, Brix G, Junkermann HJ, Sinn HP. MR mammography with pharmacokinetic mapping for monitoring of breast cancer treatment during neoadjuvant therapy. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 1994;2:633-58.
132. Padhani AR, Hayes C, Assersohn L, Powles T, Leach MO, Husband JE. Response of breast carcinoma to chemotherapy - MR permeability changes using histogram analysis. In: International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 8th Scientific Meeting. Denver, Colorado, 2000;2160.
133. Ah-See MW, Taylor NJ, Makris A, et al. Preliminary evaluation of multi-functional MRI to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 39th annual meeting. Chicago, 2003;556.
134. Devries AF, Griebel J, Kremser C, et al. Tumor microcirculation evaluated by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging predicts therapy outcome for primary rectal carcinoma. Cancer Res 2001;61:2513-6.
135. de Vries A, Griebel J, Kremser C, et al. Monitoring of tumor microcirculation during fractionated radiation therapy in patients with rectal carcinoma: preliminary results and implications for therapy. Radiology 2000;217:385-91.
136. Mayr NA, Yuh WT, Arnholt JC, et al. Pixel analysis of MR perfusion imaging in predicting radiation therapy outcome in cervical cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12: 1027-33.
137. George ML, Dzik-Jurasz AS, Padhani AR, et al. Non-invasive methods of assessing angiogenesis and their value in predicting response to treatment in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2001;88:1628-36.
138. Padhani AR, MacVicar AD, Gapinski CJ, et al. Effects of androgen deprivation on prostatic morphology and vascular permeability evaluated with MR imaging. Radiology 2001; 218:365-74.
139. Burn PR, McCall JM, Chinn RJ, Vashisht A, Smith JR, Healy JC. Uterine fibroleiomyoma: MR imaging appearances before and after embolization of uterine arteries. Radiology 2000;214:729-34.
140. Jha RC, Ascher SM, Imaoka I, Spies JB. Symptomatic fibroleiomyomata: MR imaging of the uterus before and after uterine arterial embolization. Radiology 2000;217: 228-35.
141. Li W, Brophy DP, Chen Q, Edelman RR, Prasad PV. Semiquantitative assessment of uterine perfusion using first pass dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for patients treated with uterine fibroid embolization. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:1004-8.
142. Lankester KJ, Taylor NJ, Stirling JJ, et al. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents do not have acute antivascular effects, as measured by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). In: Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 39th annual meeting. Chicago, 2003; 588.
143. Galbraith SM, Maxwell RJ, Lodge MA, et al. Combretastatin A4 phosphate has tumor antivascular activity in rat and man as demonstrated by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2831-42.
144. Vajkoczy P, Menger MD, Vollmar B, et al. Inhibition of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and microcirculation by the novel Flk-1 inhibitor SU5416 as assessed by intravital multi-fluorescence videomicroscopy. Neoplasia 1999;1:31-41.
145. Drevs J, Muller-Driver R, Wittig C, et al. PTK787/ZK 222584, a specific vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affects the anatomy of the tumor vascular bed and the functional vascular properties as detected by dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 2002;62:4015-22.
146. Galbraith SM, Rustin GJ, Lodge MA, et al. Effects of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid on human tumor microcirculation assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3826-40.
147. Yang JC, Haworth L, Sherry RM, et al. A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:427-34.
148. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Cartwright T, et al. Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor) prolongs survival in first-line colorectal cancer (CRC): results of a phase III trial of bevacizumab in combination with bolus IFL (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin) as first-line therapy in subjects with metastatic CRC. In: American Society of Clinical Oncology. Chicago, 2003;3646.
149. Galbraith SM, Maxwell RJ, Lodge MA, et al. Combretastatin A4 phosphate has tumor antivascular activity in rat and man as demonstrated by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 2003;21: 2831-42.
150. Willett CG, Boucher Y, Di Tomaso E, et al. Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. Nat Med 2004;10: 145-7.
151. Galbraith SM, Chaplin DJ, Lee F, et al. Effects of combretastatin A4 phosphate on endothelial cell morphology in vitro and relationship to tumour vascular targeting activity in vivo. Anticancer Res 2001;21:93-102.
152. de Lussanet QG, Beets-Tan RG, Backes WH, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at 1.5 Tesla with gadopentetate dimeglumine to assess angiostatic effects of anginex in mice. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:262-8.
153. O'Donell A, Trigo J, Raynaud F, et al. A phase I trial of the VEGF inhibitor SU5416, incorporating dynamic contrast enhanced MRI assessment of vascular permeability. in: 36th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). New Orleans, 2000;685.
154. Jain RK. Transport of molecules across tumor vasculature. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1987;6:559-93.
155. Gerlowski LE, Jain RK. Microvascular permeability of normal and neoplastic tissues. Microvasc Res 1986;31:288-305.
156. Su MY, Muhler A, Lao X, Nalcioglu O. Tumor characterization with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using MR contrast agents of various molecular weights. Magn Reson Med 1998;39:259-69.
157. Roberts TP, Roberts HC, Brasch RC. Optimizing imaging techniques to reduce errors in microvascular quantitation with macromolecular MR contrast agents. Acad Radiol 1998;5 Suppl 1:S133-6.
158. Corot C, Violas X, Robert P, Gagneur G, Port M. Comparison of different types of blood pool agents (P792, MS325, USPIO) in a rabbit MR angiography-like protocol. Invest Radiol 2003;38:311-9.
159. de Lussanet QG, Langereis S, Beets-Tan RG, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of tumor angiogenesis with different generations of Gd-DTPA terminated dendrimers. In: International society of magnetic resonance in medicine. Toronto, 2003;823.
160. Langereis S, de Lussanet QG, van Genderen MP, Backes WH, Meijer EW. Multivalent dendritic contrast agents based on Gd-DTPA-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromolecules 2004:In press.
161. Schmiedl U, Ogan M, Paajanen H, et al. Albumin labeled with Gd-DTPA as an intravascular, blood pool-enhancing agent for MR imaging: biodistribution and imaging studies. Radiology 1987;162:205-10.
162. Turetschek K, Roberts TP, Floyd E, et al. Tumor microvascular characterization using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) in an experimental breast cancer model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;13:882-8.
163. Turetschek K, Huber S, Floyd E, et al. MR imaging characterization of microvessels in experimental breast tumors by using a particulate contrast agent with histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2001;218:562-9.
164. Wang YX, Hussain SM, Krestin GP. Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents: physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2001;11: 2319-31.
165. Daldrup-Link HE, Rydland J, Helbich TH, et al. Quantification of breast tumor microvascular permeability with feruglose-enhanced MR imaging: initial phase II multicenter trial. Radiology 2003;229:885-92.
166. Misselwitz B, Schmitt-Willich H, Ebert W, Frenzel T, Weinmann HJ. Pharmacokinetics of Gadomer-17, a new dendritic magnetic resonance contrast agent. Magma 2001;12:128-34.
167. Gaillard S, Kubiak C, Stolz C, Bonnemain B, Chassard D. Safety and pharmacokinetics of p792, a new blood-pool agent: results of clinical testing in nonpatient volunteers. Invest Radiol 2002;37:161-6.
168. Shames DM, Kuwatsuru R, Vexler V, Muhler A, Brasch RC. Measurement of capillary permeability to macromolecules by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging: a quantitative noninvasive technique. Magn Reson Med 1993;29:616-22.
169. Roberts TP. Physiologic measurements by contrast-enhanced MR imaging: expectations and limitations. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:82-90.
170. Daldrup H, Shames DM, Wendland M, et al. Correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with histologic tumor grade: comparison of macromolecular and small-molecular contrast media. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:941-9.
171. Ogan MD, Schmiedl U, Moseley ME, Grodd W, Paajanen H, Brasch RC. Albumin labeled with Gd-DTPA. An intravascular contrast-enhancing agent for magnetic resonance blood pool imaging: preparation and characterization. Invest Radiol 1987;22:665-71.
172. van Dijke CF, Brasch RC, Roberts TP, et al. Mammary carcinoma model: correlation of macromolecular contrast-enhanced MR imaging characterizations of tumor microvasculature and histologic capillary density. Radiology 1996;198:813-8.
173. Helbich TH, Roberts TP, Gossmann A, et al. Quantitative gadopentetate-enhanced MRI of breast tumors: testing of different analytic methods. Magn Reson Med 2000;44: 915-24.
174. Daldrup-Link HE, Shames DM, Wendland M, et al. Comparison of Gadomer-17 and gadopentetate dimeglumine for differentiation of benign from malignant breast tumors with MR imaging. Acad Radiol 2000;7:934-44.
175. Roberts HC, Saeed M, Roberts TP, et al. Comparison of albumin-(Gd-DTPA)30 and Gd-DTPA-24-cascade-polymer for measurements of normal and abnormal microvascular permeability. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:331-8.
176. Adam G, Muhler A, Spuntrup E, et al. Differentiation of spontaneous canine breast tumors using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with 24-Gadolinium-DTPA-cascade-polymer, a new blood-pool agent. Preliminary experience. Invest Radiol 1996;31:267-74.
177. Su MY, Wang Z, Carpenter PM, Lao X, Muhler A, Nalcioglu O. Characterization of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced malignant and benign breast tumors in rats by using three MR contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9:177-86.
178. Turetschek K, Floyd E, Shames DM, et al. Assessment of a rapid clearance blood pool MR contrast medium (P792) for assays of microvascular characteristics in experimental breast tumors with correlations to histopathology. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:880-6.
179. Turetschek K, Preda A, Novikov V, Brasch RC, Weinmann HJ, Roberts TP. Tumor microvascular changes to anti-angiogenic treatment assessed by MR contrast media of different molecular weights. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004:In press.
180. Pradel C, Siauve N, Bruneteau G, et al. Reduced capillary perfusion and permeability in human tumour xenografts treated with the VEGF signalling inhibitor ZD4190: an in vivo assessment using dynamic MR imaging and macromolecular contrast media. Magn Reson Imaging 2003;21: 845-51.
181. Bradley DP, Tessier JJ, Checkley DR, Kuribayashi H, Waterton JC, Wedge SR. AZD2171 and ZD6474, VEGF signalling inhibitors, significantly reduce tumour vascular permeability in a human SW620 xenograft as detected by macro-molecular dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. In: International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Kyoto, Japan, 2004.
182. Taylor NJ, Baddeley H, Goodchild KA, et al. BOLD MRI of human tumor oxygenation during carbogen breathing. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:156-63.
183. Neeman M, Dafni H, Bukhari O, Braun RD, Dewhirst MW. In vivo BOLD contrast MRI mapping of subcutaneous vascular function and maturation: validation by intravital microscopy. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:887-98.
184. Abramovitch R, Marikovsky M, Meir G, Neeman M. Stimulation of tumour angiogenesis by proximal wounds: spatial and temporal analysis by MRI. Br J Cancer 1998;77:440-7.
185. Gilead A, Meir G, Neeman M. The role of angiogenesis, vascular maturation, regression and stroma infiltration in dormancy and growth of implanted MLS ovarian carcinoma spheroids. Int J Cancer 2004;108:524-31.
186. Micheletti G, Poli M, Borsotti P, et al. Vascular-targeting activity of ZD6126, a novel tubulin-binding agent. Cancer Res 2003;63:1534-7.
187. Robinson SP, Kalber TL, Howe FA, et al. Acute tumour response to ZD6126 assessed by intrinsic-susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging. In: International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Kyoto, Japan, 2004.
188. Hoffmann U, Brix G, Knopp MV, Hess T, Lorenz WJ. Pharmacokinetic mapping of the breast: a new method for dynamic MR mammography. Magn Reson Med 1995; 33:506-14.
189. den Boer JA, Hoenderop RK, Smink J, et al. Pharmacokinetic analysis of Gd-DTPA enhancement in dynamic three-dimensional MRI of breast lesions. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997;7:702-15.
190. Degani H, Gusis V, Weinstein D, Fields S, Strano S. Mapping pathophysiological features of breast tumors by MRI at high spatial resolution. Nat Med 1997;3:780-2.
191. Taylor NJ, Lankester KJ, Stirling JJ, et al. Application of navigator techniques to breath-hold DCE-MRI studies of the liver. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 11th Scientific meeting. Toronto, 2003;1306.
192. Noseworthy MD, Sussman MS, Haider M, Baruchel S. Dynamic contrast enhanced liver MRI using a motion tracking algorithm. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Glasgow, Scotland, 2001;2240.
193. Tanner C, Schnabel JA, Degenhard A, et al. Validation of volume preserving non rigid registration: application to contrast enhanced MR mammography. In: Proceedings of MICCAI'02: Springer Verlag, 202;307-14.
194. Rijpkema M, Kaanders JH, Joosten FB, van der Kogel AJ, Heerschap A. Method for quantitative mapping of dynamic MRI contrast agent uptake in human tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:457-63.
195. Galbraith SM, Lodge MA, Taylor NJ, et al. Reproducibility of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in human muscle and tumours - comparison of quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis. NMR Biomed 2002;15:132-42.
196. Padhani AR, Hayes C, Landau S, Leach MO. Reproducibility of quantitative dynamic MRI of normal human tissues. NMR Biomed 2002;15:143-54.
197. Evelhoch J, LoRusso P, Latif Z, et al. Reproducibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) assessment of tumor vascularity. In: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2001 Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 2001;399.
198. Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error (a). BMJ 1996;313:744.
199. Hayes C, Padhani AR, Leach MO. Assessing changes in tumour vascular function using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed 2002;15:154-63.
200. Collins D, Walker S, Dzik-Jurasz AS, Leach MO. Fractal analysis of parametric images derived from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data in-vivo: methods for describing dispersion in parametric data. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Toronto, 2003;1269.