메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2012, Pages

Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)
[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

bleeding; DHA; DPA; EPA; n 3 LCPUFA; safety; supplements; UL

Indexed keywords


EID: 85073390200     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (303)

References (124)
  • 3
    • 5644255578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intakes and food sources of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in French adult men and women
    • Astorg P, Arnault N, Czernichow S, Noisette N, Galan P and Hercberg S, 2004. Dietary intakes and food sources of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in French adult men and women. Lipids, 39, 527–535.
    • (2004) Lipids , vol.39 , pp. 527-535
    • Astorg, P.1    Arnault, N.2    Czernichow, S.3    Noisette, N.4    Galan, P.5    Hercberg, S.6
  • 4
    • 0026592304 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplements in prevention of recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty
    • Bairati I, Roy L and Meyer F, 1992. Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplements in prevention of recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty. Circulation, 85, 950–956.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 950-956
    • Bairati, I.1    Roy, L.2    Meyer, F.3
  • 6
    • 33749154105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review
    • Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P and Lau J, 2006. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. Atherosclerosis, 189, 19–30.
    • (2006) Atherosclerosis , vol.189 , pp. 19-30
    • Balk, E.M.1    Lichtenstein, A.H.2    Chung, M.3    Kupelnick, B.4    Chew, P.5    Lau, J.6
  • 9
    • 67650361092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish and seafood consumption and omega 3 intake in French coastal populations: CALIPSO survey
    • Bemrah N, Sirot V, Leblanc JC and Volatier JL, 2009. Fish and seafood consumption and omega 3 intake in French coastal populations: CALIPSO survey. Public Health Nutrition, 12, 599–608.
    • (2009) Public Health Nutrition , vol.12 , pp. 599-608
    • Bemrah, N.1    Sirot, V.2    Leblanc, J.C.3    Volatier, J.L.4
  • 13
    • 69549138355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study
    • Bloomer RJ, Larson DE, Fisher-Wellman; KH, Galpin AJ and Schilling BK, 2009. Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 8, 36.
    • (2009) Lipids in Health and Disease , vol.8 , pp. 36
    • Bloomer, R.J.1    Larson, D.E.2    Fisher-Wellman, K.H.3    Galpin, A.J.4    Schilling, B.K.5
  • 16
    • 0025138650 scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of epistaxis in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with fish oil
    • Clarke JT, Cullen-Dean; G, Regelink E, Chan L and Rose V, 1990. Increased incidence of epistaxis in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with fish oil. Journal of Pediatrics, 116, 139–141.
    • (1990) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 139-141
    • Clarke, J.T.1    Cullen-Dean, G.2    Regelink, E.3    Chan, L.4    Rose, V.5
  • 17
    • 0025868972 scopus 로고
    • Lipid, lipoprotein, and hemostatic effects of fish vs fish-oil n-3 fatty acids in mildly hyperlipidemic males
    • Cobiac L, Clifton PM, Abbey M, Belling GB and Nestel PJ, 1991. Lipid, lipoprotein, and hemostatic effects of fish vs fish-oil n-3 fatty acids in mildly hyperlipidemic males. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 1210–1216.
    • (1991) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.53 , pp. 1210-1216
    • Cobiac, L.1    Clifton, P.M.2    Abbey, M.3    Belling, G.B.4    Nestel, P.J.5
  • 20
    • 0007470207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    • D-A;-CH (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung - Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung - Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung), 2012. Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr [Reference values for nutrient intakes]. Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 240 pp.
    • (2012) Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr [Reference values for nutrient intakes] , pp. 240
  • 21
    • 34147108829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n-3 fatty acids in the treatment of diabetic patients: biological rationale and clinical data
    • De Caterina R, Madonna R, Bertolotto A and Schmidt EB, 2007. n-3 fatty acids in the treatment of diabetic patients: biological rationale and clinical data. Diabetes Care, 30, 1012–1026.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1012-1026
    • De Caterina, R.1    Madonna, R.2    Bertolotto, A.3    Schmidt, E.B.4
  • 22
    • 0025002663 scopus 로고
    • Vascular prostacyclin is increased in patients ingesting omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids before coronary artery bypass graft surgery
    • DeCaterina R, Giannessi D, Mazzone A, Bernini W, Lazzerini G, Maffei S, Cerri M, Salvatore L and Weksler B, 1990. Vascular prostacyclin is increased in patients ingesting omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation, 82, 428–438.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 428-438
    • DeCaterina, R.1    Giannessi, D.2    Mazzone, A.3    Bernini, W.4    Lazzerini, G.5    Maffei, S.6    Cerri, M.7    Salvatore, L.8    Weksler, B.9
  • 25
    • 0025299685 scopus 로고
    • Fish oil to prevent intimal hyperplasia and access thrombosis
    • Diskin CJ, Thomas CE, Zellner CP, Lock S and Tanja J, 1990. Fish oil to prevent intimal hyperplasia and access thrombosis. Nephron, 55, 445–447.
    • (1990) Nephron , vol.55 , pp. 445-447
    • Diskin, C.J.1    Thomas, C.E.2    Zellner, C.P.3    Lock, S.4    Tanja, J.5
  • 28
    • 33745012483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to nutrition claims concerning omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and unsaturated fat
    • EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2005. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to nutrition claims concerning omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and unsaturated fat. The EFSA Journal, 253, 1–29.
    • (2005) The EFSA Journal , vol.253 , pp. 1-29
  • 29
    • 77958060343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to EPA, DHA, DPA and maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 502), maintenance of normal HDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 515), maintenance of normal (fasting) blood concentrations of triglycerides (ID 517), maintenance of normal LDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 528, 698) and maintenance of joints (ID 503, 505, 507, 511, 518, 524, 526, 535, 537) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission
    • 1263
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2009. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to EPA, DHA, DPA and maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 502), maintenance of normal HDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 515), maintenance of normal (fasting) blood concentrations of triglycerides (ID 517), maintenance of normal LDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 528, 698) and maintenance of joints (ID 503, 505, 507, 511, 518, 524, 526, 535, 537) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission. EFSA Journal, 7(9):1263, 26 pp.
    • (2009) EFSA Journal , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 26
  • 30
    • 84859057023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol
    • 1461
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2010. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA Journal, 8(3):1461, 107 pp.
    • (2010) EFSA Journal , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 107
  • 31
    • 84928239194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to antioxidants, oxidative damage and cardiovascular health
    • 2474
    • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2011. Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to antioxidants, oxidative damage and cardiovascular health. EFSA Journal, 9(12):2474, 13 pp.
    • (2011) EFSA Journal , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. 13
  • 37
    • 85078375759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eurodiet: nutrition & diet for healthy lifestyles in Europe: science & policy implications
    • Eurodiet, 2000. Eurodiet: nutrition & diet for healthy lifestyles in Europe: science & policy implications. Core report. 21 pp.
    • (2000) Core report , pp. 21
    • Eurodiet1
  • 39
    • 33746521695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume, 62 FR 30751
    • FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 1997. Federal Register. Volume 62, Issue 108 62 FR 30751, 6 pp.
    • (1997) Federal Register , vol.62 , Issue.Issue 108 , pp. 6
  • 41
    • 0027417797 scopus 로고
    • [Long-term effects of low dosage fish oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins]
    • Franzen D, Geisel J, Hopp HW, Oette K and Hilger HH, 1993. [Long-term effects of low dosage fish oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins]. Medizinische Klinik, 88, 134–138.
    • (1993) Medizinische Klinik , vol.88 , pp. 134-138
    • Franzen, D.1    Geisel, J.2    Hopp, H.W.3    Oette, K.4    Hilger, H.H.5
  • 42
    • 0030861520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid and marine long-chain n-3 fatty acids differ only slightly in their effects on hemostatic factors in healthy subjects
    • Freese R and Mutanen M, 1997. Alpha-linolenic acid and marine long-chain n-3 fatty acids differ only slightly in their effects on hemostatic factors in healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, 591–598.
    • (1997) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.66 , pp. 591-598
    • Freese, R.1    Mutanen, M.2
  • 46
    • 34548124529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people: is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids?
    • Giacco R, Cuomo V, Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Meyer BJ, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA and Group KS, 2007. Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people: is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids? Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 17, 572–580.
    • (2007) Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases , vol.17 , pp. 572-580
    • Giacco, R.1    Cuomo, V.2    Vessby, B.3    Uusitupa, M.4    Hermansen, K.5    Meyer, B.J.6    Riccardi, G.7    Rivellese, A.A.8    Group, K.S.9
  • 48
    • 0026351194 scopus 로고
    • Fish oil treatment of hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents receiving renal replacement therapy
    • Goren A, Stankiewicz H, Goldstein R and Drukker A, 1991. Fish oil treatment of hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents receiving renal replacement therapy. Pediatrics, 88, 265–268.
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.88 , pp. 265-268
    • Goren, A.1    Stankiewicz, H.2    Goldstein, R.3    Drukker, A.4
  • 49
    • 39849102621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A risk-benefit analysis of French high fish consumption: a QALY approach
    • Guevel MR, Sirot V, Volatier JL and Leblanc JC, 2008. A risk-benefit analysis of French high fish consumption: a QALY approach. Risk Analysis, 28, 37–48.
    • (2008) Risk Analysis , vol.28 , pp. 37-48
    • Guevel, M.R.1    Sirot, V.2    Volatier, J.L.3    Leblanc, J.C.4
  • 50
    • 33947181467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert opinion: omega-3 fatty acids and bleeding-cause for concern?
    • Harris WS, 2007. Expert opinion: omega-3 fatty acids and bleeding-cause for concern? American Journal of Cardiology, 99, 44C–46C.
    • (2007) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.99 , pp. 44C-46C
    • Harris, W.S.1
  • 52
    • 58849085108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of omega-3 treatment on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
    • Hartweg J, Farmer AJ, Holman RR and Neil A, 2009. Potential impact of omega-3 treatment on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 20, 30–38.
    • (2009) Current Opinion in Lipidology , vol.20 , pp. 30-38
    • Hartweg, J.1    Farmer, A.J.2    Holman, R.R.3    Neil, A.4
  • 55
    • 85078367931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for a healthy diet 2006
    • Publication 2006/21E,, p
    • Health Council, 2006. Guidelines for a healthy diet 2006. The Netherlands, Publication no. 2006/21E, 110 p.
    • (2006) The Netherlands , pp. 110
  • 56
    • 82855183648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (n-3) Fatty Acids: Clinical Trials in People with Type 2 Diabetes
    • Hendrich S, 2010. (n-3) Fatty Acids: Clinical Trials in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Advances in Nutrition, 1, 3–7.
    • (2010) Advances in Nutrition , vol.1 , pp. 3-7
    • Hendrich, S.1
  • 57
    • 0033843802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation of postmenopausal women with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is not associated with greater in vivo lipid peroxidation compared with oils rich in oleate and linoleate as assessed by plasma malondialdehyde and F(2)-isoprostanes
    • Higdon JV, Liu J, Du SH, Morrow JD, Ames BN and Wander RC, 2000. Supplementation of postmenopausal women with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is not associated with greater in vivo lipid peroxidation compared with oils rich in oleate and linoleate as assessed by plasma malondialdehyde and F(2)-isoprostanes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, 714–722.
    • (2000) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.72 , pp. 714-722
    • Higdon, J.V.1    Liu, J.2    Du, S.H.3    Morrow, J.D.4    Ames, B.N.5    Wander, R.C.6
  • 61
    • 84856179128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids: a review
    • Jacobson TA, Glickstein SB, Rowe JD and Soni PN, 2012. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids: a review. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 6, 5–18.
    • (2012) Journal of Clinical Lipidology , vol.6 , pp. 5-18
    • Jacobson, T.A.1    Glickstein, S.B.2    Rowe, J.D.3    Soni, P.N.4
  • 62
    • 77649200419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of total marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary syndrome - a cohort study
    • Joensen AM, Schmidt EB, Dethlefsen C, Johnsen SP, Tjonneland A, Rasmussen LH and Overvad K, 2010. Dietary intake of total marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary syndrome - a cohort study. British Journal of Nutrition, 103, 602–607.
    • (2010) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.103 , pp. 602-607
    • Joensen, A.M.1    Schmidt, E.B.2    Dethlefsen, C.3    Johnsen, S.P.4    Tjonneland, A.5    Rasmussen, L.H.6    Overvad, K.7
  • 66
    • 0025213081 scopus 로고
    • Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: an overview
    • discussion 59-62
    • Kinsella JE, Lokesh B, Broughton S and Whelan J, 1990. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids: potential effects on the modulation of inflammatory and immune cells: an overview. Nutrition, 6, 24–44; discussion 59-62.
    • (1990) Nutrition , vol.6 , pp. 24-44
    • Kinsella, J.E.1    Lokesh, B.2    Broughton, S.3    Whelan, J.4
  • 68
    • 77955680978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for assessing dietary intakes of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in an Irish adult population
    • Leite JC, Hearty AP, Nugent AP and Gibney MJ, 2010. A method for assessing dietary intakes of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids in an Irish adult population. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 61, 583–599.
    • (2010) International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition , vol.61 , pp. 583-599
    • Leite, J.C.1    Hearty, A.P.2    Nugent, A.P.3    Gibney, M.J.4
  • 70
    • 66849087475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herring (Clupea harengus) intake influences lipoproteins but not inflammatory and oxidation markers in overweight men
    • Lindqvist HM, Langkilde AM, Undeland I and Sandberg AS, 2009. Herring (Clupea harengus) intake influences lipoproteins but not inflammatory and oxidation markers in overweight men. British Journal of Nutrition, 101, 383–390.
    • (2009) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.101 , pp. 383-390
    • Lindqvist, H.M.1    Langkilde, A.M.2    Undeland, I.3    Sandberg, A.S.4
  • 72
    • 0020664995 scopus 로고
    • Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil
    • Lorenz R, Spengler U, Fischer S, Duhm J and Weber PC, 1983. Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil. Circulation, 67, 504–511.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 504-511
    • Lorenz, R.1    Spengler, U.2    Fischer, S.3    Duhm, J.4    Weber, P.C.5
  • 74
    • 77956378464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA decrease plasma F(2)-isoprostanes: Results from two placebo-controlled interventions
    • Mas E, Woodman RJ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Durand T and Mori TA, 2010. The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA decrease plasma F(2)-isoprostanes: Results from two placebo-controlled interventions. Free Radical Research, 44, 983–990.
    • (2010) Free Radical Research , vol.44 , pp. 983-990
    • Mas, E.1    Woodman, R.J.2    Burke, V.3    Puddey, I.B.4    Beilin, L.J.5    Durand, T.6    Mori, T.A.7
  • 75
    • 85078393176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes
    • Ministry of Health-Department; of Health and Ageing - National Health and Medical Research Council, 2006. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes. Australian Government, 317 pp.
    • (2006) Australian Government , pp. 317
  • 76
    • 34548448430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation, isoprostanes and vascular damage
    • Minuz P, Fava C and Lechi A, 2006. Lipid peroxidation, isoprostanes and vascular damage. Pharmacological Reports, 58 Suppl, 57–68.
    • (2006) Pharmacological Reports , vol.58 , pp. 57-68
    • Minuz, P.1    Fava, C.2    Lechi, A.3
  • 77
    • 0033851158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review
    • Montori VM, Farmer A, Wollan PC and Dinneen SF, 2000. Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. Diabetes Care, 23, 1407–1415.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 1407-1415
    • Montori, V.M.1    Farmer, A.2    Wollan, P.C.3    Dinneen, S.F.4
  • 78
    • 0034123068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on oxidative stress in humans: GC-MS; measurement of urinary F2-isoprostane excretion
    • Mori TA, Puddey IB, Burke V, Croft KD, Dunstan DW, Rivera JH and Beilin LJ, 2000. Effect of omega 3 fatty acids on oxidative stress in humans: GC-MS; measurement of urinary F2-isoprostane excretion. Redox Report, 5, 45–46.
    • (2000) Redox Report , vol.5 , pp. 45-46
    • Mori, T.A.1    Puddey, I.B.2    Burke, V.3    Croft, K.D.4    Dunstan, D.W.5    Rivera, J.H.6    Beilin, L.J.7
  • 79
    • 0142258704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in treated-hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects
    • Mori TA, Woodman RJ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Croft KD and Beilin LJ, 2003. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in treated-hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 35, 772–781.
    • (2003) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.35 , pp. 772-781
    • Mori, T.A.1    Woodman, R.J.2    Burke, V.3    Puddey, I.B.4    Croft, K.D.5    Beilin, L.J.6
  • 80
    • 13244279737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans
    • Morrow JD, 2005. Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 25, 279–286.
    • (2005) Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , vol.25 , pp. 279-286
    • Morrow, J.D.1
  • 81
    • 0020571986 scopus 로고
    • The effect of N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hemostasis, blood lipids and blood pressure
    • Mortensen JZ, Schmidt EB, Nielsen AH and Dyerberg J, 1983. The effect of N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hemostasis, blood lipids and blood pressure. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 50, 543–546.
    • (1983) Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.50 , pp. 543-546
    • Mortensen, J.Z.1    Schmidt, E.B.2    Nielsen, A.H.3    Dyerberg, J.4
  • 82
    • 33750107004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes: reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation
    • Mostad IL, Bjerve KS, Bjorgaas MR, Lydersen S and Grill V, 2006. Effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes: reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 540–550.
    • (2006) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.84 , pp. 540-550
    • Mostad, I.L.1    Bjerve, K.S.2    Bjorgaas, M.R.3    Lydersen, S.4    Grill, V.5
  • 83
    • 0030724103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans
    • Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, Kelley DS and Kyle D, 1997. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids, 32, 1129–1136.
    • (1997) Lipids , vol.32 , pp. 1129-1136
    • Nelson, G.J.1    Schmidt, P.S.2    Bartolini, G.L.3    Kelley, D.S.4    Kyle, D.5
  • 84
    • 20444375465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • NNR (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations), 2004. Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 436 pp.
    • (2004) Integrating nutrition and physical activity , pp. 436
  • 85
    • 0025202645 scopus 로고
    • Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on restenosis rate, clinical course and blood lipids in patients after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
    • Nye ER, Ablett MB, Robertson MC, Ilsley CD and Sutherland WH, 1990. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on restenosis rate, clinical course and blood lipids in patients after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 20, 549–552.
    • (1990) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine , vol.20 , pp. 549-552
    • Nye, E.R.1    Ablett, M.B.2    Robertson, M.C.3    Ilsley, C.D.4    Sutherland, W.H.5
  • 87
    • 33645561623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprostanes and other markers of peroxidation in atherosclerosis
    • Patrignani P and Tacconelli S, 2005. Isoprostanes and other markers of peroxidation in atherosclerosis. Biomarkers, 10 Suppl 1, S24–29.
    • (2005) Biomarkers , vol.10 , pp. S24-29
    • Patrignani, P.1    Tacconelli, S.2
  • 88
    • 0025785575 scopus 로고
    • Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oil. Their incorporation into advanced human atherosclerotic plaques
    • Rapp JH, Connor WE, Lin DS and Porter JM, 1991. Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish oil. Their incorporation into advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 11, 903–911.
    • (1991) Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis , vol.11 , pp. 903-911
    • Rapp, J.H.1    Connor, W.E.2    Lin, D.S.3    Porter, J.M.4
  • 91
    • 0023088639 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a fish oil supplement on serum lipids, blood pressure, bleeding time, haemostatic and rheological variables. A double blind randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers
    • Rogers S, James KS, Butland BK, Etherington MD, O'Brien JR and Jones JG, 1987. Effects of a fish oil supplement on serum lipids, blood pressure, bleeding time, haemostatic and rheological variables. A double blind randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis, 63, 137–143.
    • (1987) Atherosclerosis , vol.63 , pp. 137-143
    • Rogers, S.1    James, K.S.2    Butland, B.K.3    Etherington, M.D.4    O'Brien, J.R.5    Jones, J.G.6
  • 94
    • 4744369950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Stationery Office, TSO, London
    • SACN (Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition), 2004. Advice on fish consumption: benefits and risks. The Stationery Office, TSO London, 222 pp.
    • (2004) Advice on fish consumption: benefits and risks , pp. 222
  • 95
    • 0019855636 scopus 로고
    • Effect on blood lipids and haemostasis of a supplement of cod-liver oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in healthy young men
    • Sanders TA, Vickers M and Haines AP, 1981. Effect on blood lipids and haemostasis of a supplement of cod-liver oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, in healthy young men. Clin Sci (Lond), 61, 317–324.
    • (1981) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.61 , pp. 317-324
    • Sanders, T.A.1    Vickers, M.2    Haines, A.P.3
  • 96
    • 0025138565 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response studies on the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids and haemostasis
    • Schmidt EB, Varming K, Ernst E, Madsen P and Dyerberg J, 1990. Dose-response studies on the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipids and haemostasis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 63, 1–5.
    • (1990) Thrombosis and Haemostasis , vol.63 , pp. 1-5
    • Schmidt, E.B.1    Varming, K.2    Ernst, E.3    Madsen, P.4    Dyerberg, J.5
  • 99
    • 70249111809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and time trends in fish consumption pattern of children and adolescents, and consequences for the intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Sichert-Hellert; W, Wicher M and Kersting M, 2009. Age and time trends in fish consumption pattern of children and adolescents, and consequences for the intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63, 1071–1075.
    • (2009) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.63 , pp. 1071-1075
    • Sichert-Hellert, W.1    Wicher, M.2    Kersting, M.3
  • 102
    • 77953263836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of n-3 PUFA supplements and n-3 PUFA enriched foods on the n-3 LC PUFA intake of Flemish women
    • Sioen I, Devroe J, Inghels D, Terwecoren R and De Henauw S, 2010. The influence of n-3 PUFA supplements and n-3 PUFA enriched foods on the n-3 LC PUFA intake of Flemish women. Lipids, 45, 313–320.
    • (2010) Lipids , vol.45 , pp. 313-320
    • Sioen, I.1    Devroe, J.2    Inghels, D.3    Terwecoren, R.4    De Henauw, S.5
  • 103
    • 33746999977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Sioen IA, Pynaert I, Matthys C, De Backer G, Van Camp J and De Henauw S, 2006. Dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids for Belgian women, focused on n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids, 41, 415–422.
    • (2006) Lipids , vol.41 , pp. 415-422
    • Sioen, I.A.1    Pynaert, I.2    Matthys, C.3    De Backer, G.4    Van Camp, J.5    De Henauw, S.6
  • 104
    • 0037413189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of fish and fish oils and decreased risk of stroke
    • Skerrett PJ and Hennekens CH, 2003. Consumption of fish and fish oils and decreased risk of stroke. Preventive Cardiology, 6, 38–41.
    • (2003) Preventive Cardiology , vol.6 , pp. 38-41
    • Skerrett, P.J.1    Hennekens, C.H.2
  • 105
    • 0024545921 scopus 로고
    • Influence of highly concentrated n-3 fatty acids on serum lipids and hemostatic variables in survivors of myocardial infarction receiving either oral anticoagulants or matching placebo
    • Smith P, Arnesen H, Opstad T, Dahl KH and Eritsland J, 1989. Influence of highly concentrated n-3 fatty acids on serum lipids and hemostatic variables in survivors of myocardial infarction receiving either oral anticoagulants or matching placebo. Thrombosis Research, 53, 467–474.
    • (1989) Thrombosis Research , vol.53 , pp. 467-474
    • Smith, P.1    Arnesen, H.2    Opstad, T.3    Dahl, K.H.4    Eritsland, J.5
  • 106
    • 34548724398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an open-label pilot study with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates on plasma phospholipids and behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Sorgi PJ, Hallowell EM, Hutchins HL and Sears B, 2007. Effects of an open-label pilot study with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates on plasma phospholipids and behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nutrition Journal, 6, 16.
    • (2007) Nutrition Journal , vol.6 , pp. 16
    • Sorgi, P.J.1    Hallowell, E.M.2    Hutchins, H.L.3    Sears, B.4
  • 108
    • 0035072902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of preterm formula with and without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the urinary excretion of F2-isoprostanes and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha
    • Stier C, Schweer H, Jelinek J, Watzer B, Seyberth HW and Leonhardt A, 2001. Effect of preterm formula with and without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the urinary excretion of F2-isoprostanes and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 32, 137–141.
    • (2001) Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , vol.32 , pp. 137-141
    • Stier, C.1    Schweer, H.2    Jelinek, J.3    Watzer, B.4    Seyberth, H.W.5    Leonhardt, A.6
  • 111
    • 2442488516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A solid dietary fat containing fish oil redistributes lipoprotein subclasses without increasing oxidative stress in men
    • Tholstrup T, Hellgren LI, Petersen M, Basu S, Straarup EM, Schnohr P and Sandstrom B, 2004. A solid dietary fat containing fish oil redistributes lipoprotein subclasses without increasing oxidative stress in men. Journal of Nutrition, 134, 1051–1057.
    • (2004) Journal of Nutrition , vol.134 , pp. 1051-1057
    • Tholstrup, T.1    Hellgren, L.I.2    Petersen, M.3    Basu, S.4    Straarup, E.M.5    Schnohr, P.6    Sandstrom, B.7
  • 112
    • 0019780016 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 11-week increase in dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on bleeding time, lipids, and platelet aggregation
    • Thorngren M and Gustafson A, 1981. Effects of 11-week increase in dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on bleeding time, lipids, and platelet aggregation. The Lancet, 318, 1190–1193.
    • (1981) The Lancet , vol.318 , pp. 1190-1193
    • Thorngren, M.1    Gustafson, A.2
  • 114
    • 77649258315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition, supplements, and vitamins in platelet function and bleeding
    • Violi F, Pignatelli P and Basili S, 2010. Nutrition, supplements, and vitamins in platelet function and bleeding. Circulation, 121, 1033–1044.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 1033-1044
    • Violi, F.1    Pignatelli, P.2    Basili, S.3
  • 116
    • 81155139591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Wei MY and Jacobson TA, 2011. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 13, 474–483.
    • (2011) Current Atherosclerosis Reports , vol.13 , pp. 474-483
    • Wei, M.Y.1    Jacobson, T.A.2
  • 117
    • 78149265344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake and status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans and the product-precursor ratio [corrected] of alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: results from the EPIC-Norfolk; cohort
    • Welch AA, Shakya-Shrestha; S, Lentjes MA, Wareham NJ and Khaw KT, 2010. Dietary intake and status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans and the product-precursor ratio [corrected] of alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: results from the EPIC-Norfolk; cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92, 1040–1051.
    • (2010) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.92 , pp. 1040-1051
    • Welch, A.A.1    Shakya-Shrestha, S.2    Lentjes, M.A.3    Wareham, N.J.4    Khaw, K.T.5
  • 118
    • 84987728440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Report: Diet, nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases
    • WHO Technical Report Series 916
    • WHO/FAO (World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization), 2003. Expert Report: Diet, nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916, 160 pp.
    • (2003) Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation , pp. 160
  • 119
    • 0026089285 scopus 로고
    • Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester as an antithrombotic agent: comparison to an extract of fish oil
    • Wojenski CM, Silver MJ and Walker J, 1991. Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester as an antithrombotic agent: comparison to an extract of fish oil. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1081, 33–38.
    • (1991) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , vol.1081 , pp. 33-38
    • Wojenski, C.M.1    Silver, M.J.2    Walker, J.3
  • 120
    • 0037211979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients
    • Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Barden A, Watts GF and Beilin LJ, 2003. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis, 166, 85–93.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.166 , pp. 85-93
    • Woodman, R.J.1    Mori, T.A.2    Burke, V.3    Puddey, I.B.4    Barden, A.5    Watts, G.F.6    Beilin, L.J.7
  • 121
    • 33644824147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women
    • Wu WH, Lu SC, Wang TF, Jou HJ and Wang TA, 2006. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60, 386–392.
    • (2006) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.60 , pp. 386-392
    • Wu, W.H.1    Lu, S.C.2    Wang, T.F.3    Jou, H.J.4    Wang, T.A.5
  • 122
    • 84859039093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on plasma soluble adhesion molecules: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Yang Y, Lu N, Chen D, Meng L, Zheng Y and Hui R, 2012. Effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on plasma soluble adhesion molecules: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 972–980.
    • (2012) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.95 , pp. 972-980
    • Yang, Y.1    Lu, N.2    Chen, D.3    Meng, L.4    Zheng, Y.5    Hui, R.6
  • 124
    • 0023693246 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary fish oil on platelet function and plasma lipids in hyperlipoproteinemic and normal subjects
    • Zucker ML, Bilyeu DS, Helmkamp GM, Harris WS and Dujovne CA, 1988. Effects of dietary fish oil on platelet function and plasma lipids in hyperlipoproteinemic and normal subjects. Atherosclerosis, 73, 13–22.
    • (1988) Atherosclerosis , vol.73 , pp. 13-22
    • Zucker, M.L.1    Bilyeu, D.S.2    Helmkamp, G.M.3    Harris, W.S.4    Dujovne, C.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.