Nasal enzymology and its relevance to nasal toxicity and disease pathogenesis

Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 82-98

  Morris, John B ^a   Shusterman, Dennis J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85052712620     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (87)

1. Potter DW, Finch L, Udinsky JR. Glutathione content and turnover in rat nasal epithelia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1995; 135(2):185-191.
2. Jeffrey AM, Iatropoulos MJ, Williams GM. Nasal cytotoxic and carcinogenic activities of systemically distributed organic chemicals. Toxicol Pathol 2006; 34:827-852.
3. Ding X, Dahl AR, Olfactory mucosa: composition, enzymatic localization and metabolism. In: RL Doty, ed. Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2003:51-73.
4. Ding X, Kaminsky LS. Human extrahepatic cytochromes P450: function in xenobiotic metabolism and tissue-selective chemical toxicity in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003; 43:149-173.
5. Thornton-Manning JR, Dahl AR. Metabolic capacity of nasal tissue, interspecies comparisons of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Mutat Res 1997; 380:43-59.
6. Dahl AR, Hadley WM. Nasal cavity enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism: effects on the toxicity of inhalants. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 1991; 21(5):345-372.
7. Zhang X, Zhang Q-Y, Liu D, et al. Expression of cytochrome P450 and other biotransformation genes in fetal and adult human nasal mucosa. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1423-1428.
8. Ling, G, Gu J, Genter MB, et al. Regulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression in the olfactory mucosa. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 147:247-258.
9. Gervasi PG, Longo V, Naldi F, et al. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in human respiratory nasal mucosa. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 41:177-184.
10. Chen, Y, Liu Y-Q, Su T, et al. Immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical characterization of CYP2A expression in human olfactory mucosa. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1245-1251.
11. Getchell ML, Chen Y, Ding X, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of a cytochrome P450 isozyme in human nasal mucosa: age-related trends. Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1993; 102:368-374.
12. Bond J. Review of the toxicology of styrene. CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 1989; 19:227-249.
13. Cruzan G, Cushman JR, Andrews LS, et al. Subchronic inhalation studies of styrene in CD rats and CD-1 mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997; 35:152-165.
14. Cruzan G, Cushman JR, Andrews LS, et al. Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD rats by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. Toxicol Sci 1998; 46: 266-281.
15. Cruzan G, Cushman JR, Andrews LS, et al. Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD-1 mice by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. J Appl Toxicol 2001; 21:185-198.
16. Morris JB. Uptake of styrene in the upper respiratory tract of the CD mouse and Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Sci 2000; 54:222-228.
17. 4C]styrene in rats and mice exposed by recirculating nose-only inhalation. Toxicol Sci 2000; 58:161-172.
18. Green T, Lee R, Toghill A, et al. The toxicity of styrene to the nasal epithelium of mice and rats: studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 137:185-202.
19. Cruzan G, Carlson GP, Johnson KA, et al. Styrene respiratory tract toxicity and mouse lung tumors are mediated by CYP2F-generated metabolites. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 35:308-319.
20. Dalton P, Lees PSH, Gould M, et al. Evaluation of long-term occupational exposure to styrene vapor on olfactory function. Chem Senses 2007; 32:739-747.
21. Lee MG, Phimister A, Morin D, et al. In situ naphthalene bioactivation and nasal airflow cause region-specific injury patterns in the nasal mucosa of rats exposed to naphthalene by inhalation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314(1):103-110.
22. North DW, Abdo KM, Benson JM, et al. A review of whole animal bioassays of the carcinogenic potential of naphthalene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 51:S6-S14.
23. Buckpitt AR, Boland B, Isbell M, et al. Naphthalene-induced respiratory tract toxicity: metabolic mechanisms of toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2002; 34(4):791-820.
24. Genter MB, Marlowe J, Kerzee JK, et al. Napththalene toxicity in mice and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated CYPs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348: 120-123.
25. Morris JB, Buckpitt AR. Upper respiratory tract uptake of naphthalene. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:383-391.
26. Buckpitt AR, Buonarati M, Avey LB, et al. Relationship of cytochrome P450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. II. Comparison of stereoselectivity of naphthalene epoxidation in lung and nasal mucosa of mouse, hamster, rat and rhesus monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 261(1):364-372.
27. Baldwin RM, Jewell WT, Fanucchi MB. Comparison of pulmonary/nasal CYP2F expression levels in rodents and rhesus macaque. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309: 127-136.
28. Genter, MB, Yost GS, Rettie AE. Localization of CYP4B1 in the rat nasal cavity and analysis of CYPs as secreted proteins. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2006; 20(3):139-141.
29. Hardisty JF, Garman RH, Harkema JR, et al. Histopathology of nasal olfactory mucosa from selected inhalation toxicity studies conducted with volatile chemicals. Toxicol Pathol 1999; 27(6):618-627.
30. Frederick CB, Lomax, LG, Black KA, et al. Use of a hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based inhalation model for interspecies dosimetry comparisons of ester vapors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 183:23-40.
31. Plowchalk DR, Andersen ME, Bogdanffy MS. Physiologically based modeling of vinyl acetate uptake, metabolism, and intracellular pH changes in the rat nasal cavity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 142(2):386-400.
32. Lantz RC, Orozco J, Bogdanffy MS. Vinyl acetate decreases intracellular pH in rat nasal epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2003; 75(2):423-431.
33. Kuykendall JR, Taylor ML, Bogdanffy MS. Cytotoxicity and DNA-protein crosslink formation in rat nasal tissues exposed to vinyl acetate are carboxylesterase-mediated. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993; 123(2):283-292.
34. Stott WT, McKenna MJ. The comparative absorption and excretion of chemical vapors by the upper, lower, and intact respiratory tract of rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1984; 4(4):594-602.
35. Morris JB, Frederick CB. Upper respiratory tract uptake of acrylate ester and acid vapors. Inhal Toxicol 1995; 7:557-574.
36. Morris JB. First-pass metabolism of inspired ethyl acetate in the upper respiratory tracts of the F344 rat and syrian hamster. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 102: 331-345.
37. Bogdanffy MS, Manning LA, Sarangapani R. High-affinity nasal extraction of vinyl acetate vapor is carboxylesterase dependent. Inhal Toxicol 1999; 11(10):927-941.
38. Hinderliter PM, Thrall KD, Corley RA, et al. Validation of human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for vinyl acetate against human nasal dosimetry data. Toxicol Sci 2005; 85(1):460-467.
39. Bogdanffy MS, Sarangapani R, Kimbell JS, et al. Analysis of vinyl acetate metabolism in rat and human nasal tissues by an in vitro gas uptake technique. Toxicol Sci. 1998; 46(2):235-246.
40. Bogdanffy MS, Randall HW, Morgan KT. Biochemical quantitation and histochemi-cal localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal passages of the Fischer-344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1987; 88:183-194.
41. Lewis JL, Nikula KJ, Novak R, et al. Comparative localization of carboxylesterase in F344 rat, beagle dog, and human nasal tissue. Anat Rec 1994; 239(1):55-64.
42. Morris JB, Hassett DN, Blanchard KT. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for nasal uptake and metabolism of non-reactive vapors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993; 123:120-129.
43. Appelman LM, Woutersen RA, Feron VJ. Inhalation toxicity of acetaldehyde in rats I. Acute and subacute effects. Toxicol 1982; 23:293-297.
44. Deitrich RA, Petersen D, Vasiliou V. Removal of acetaldehyde from the body. Novartis Found Symp 2007; 285:23-40; discussion 40-51, 198-199.
45. Lam CW, Casanova M, Heck HD-A. Decreased extractability of DNA from proteins in the rat nasal mucosa after acetaldehyde exposures. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1986; 6:541-550.
46. Oyama T, Isse T, Ogawa M, et al. Susceptibility to inhalation toxicity of acetaldehyde in Aldh2 knockout mice. Front Biosci 2007; 12:1927-1934.
47. Morris JB. Dosimetry, toxicity and carcinogenicity of inspired acetaldehyde in the rat. Mutat Res 1997; 380:113-124.
48. Stanek J. Symanowicz PT, Olsen JE, et al. Sensory nerve mediated nasal vasodila-tory response to inspired acetaldehyde and acetic acid vapors. Inhal Toxicol 2001; 13: 807-822.
49. Stanek JJ, Morris JB. The effect of inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase on nasal uptake of inspired acetaldehyde. Toxicol Sci 1999; 49:225-231.
50. Morris JB, Blanchard KT. Upper respiratory tract deposition of inspired acetaldehyde. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 114:140-146.
51. Morris JB. Uptake of acetaldehyde and aldehyde dehydrogenase levels in the upper respiratory tracts of the mouse, rat, hamster and guinea pig. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997; 35:91-100.
52. Casanova-Schmitz M, David RM, Heck HD. Oxidation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde by NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases in rat nasal mucosal homogenates. Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 33:1137-1142.
53. Bogdanffy MS, Randall HW, Morgan KT. Histochemical localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the respiratory tract of the Fischer-344 rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 82(3):560-567.
54. Teeguarden JG, Bogdanffy MS, Covington TR, et al. A PBPK model for evaluating the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms on comparative rat and human nasal tissue acetaldehyde dosimetry. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20(4):375-390.
55. Baraniuk JN, Kaliner M. Neuropeptides and nasal secretion. Am J Physiol 1991; 261 (4 Pt 1):223-235.
56. Wilfong ER, Dey RD. Nerve growth factor and substance P regulation in nasal sensory neurons after toluene diisocyanate exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 30(6):793-800.
57. Carr MJ, Undem BJ. Inflammation-induced plasticity of the afferent innervation of the airways. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109(suppl 4):567-571.
58. Mosimann BL, White MV, Hohman RJ, et al. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide increase in nasal secretions after allergen challenge in atopic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92(1 Pt 1): 95-104.
59. Baraniuk JN, Ali M, Yuta A, et al. Hypertonic saline nasal provocation stimulates nociceptive nerves, substance P release, and glandular mucous exocytosis in normal humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160(2):655-662.
60. Koskela H, Di Sciascio MB, Anderson SD, et al. Nasal hyperosmolar challenge with a dry powder of mannitol in patients with allergic rhinitis. Evidence for epithelial cell involvement. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30(11):1627-1636.
61. Shusterman D, Balmes J, Murphy MA, et al. Chlorine inhalation produces nasal airflow limitation in allergic rhinitic subjects without evidence of neuropeptide release. Neuropeptides 2004; 38(6):351-358.
62. Baraniuk JN, Ohkubo K, Kwon OJ, et al. Identification of neutral endopeptidase mRNA in human nasal mucosa. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74(1):272-279.
63. Ohkubo K, Baraniuk JN, Hohman R, et al. Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102(5):741-750.
64. Ohkubo K, Baraniuk JN, Hohman RJ, et al. Human nasal mucosal neutral endopep-tidase (NEP): location, quantitation, and secretion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993; 9(5):557-567.
65. Ohkubo K, Baraniuk JN, Merida M, et al. Human nasal mucosal carboxypeptidase: activity, location, and release. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96(6 Pt 1):924-931.
66. Ohkubo K, Lee CH, Baraniuk JN, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human nasal mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 11(2):173-180.
67. Bertrand C, Geppetti P, Baker J, et al. Role of peptidases and NK1 receptors in vascular extravasation induced by bradykinin in rat nasal mucosa. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74(5):2456-2461.
68. Petersson G, Bacci E, McDonald DM, et al. Neurogenic plasma extravasation in the rat nasal mucosa is potentiated by peptidase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 264(1):509-514.
69. Ricciardolo FL, Nadel JA, Bertrand C, et al. Tachykinins and kinins in antigen-evoked plasma extravasation in guinea-pig nasal mucosa. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 261(1-2):127-132.
70. Sheppard D, Thompson JE, Scypinski L, et al. Toluene diisocyanate increases airway responsiveness to substance P and decreases airway neutral endopeptidase. J Clin Invest 1988; 81(4):1111-1115.
71. Nadel JA. Neutral endopeptidase modulates neurogenic inflammation. Eur Respir J 1991; 4(6):745-754.
72. Coates EL. Olfactory CO2 chemoreceptors. Respir Physiol 2001; 129(1-2):219-229.
73. Tarun AS, Bryant B, Zhai W, et al. Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal mucosa. Chem Senses 2003; 28(7):621-629.
74. Hu J, Zhong C, Ding C, et al. Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse. Science 2007; 317(5840):953-957.
75. Ferris KE, Clark RD, Coates EL. Topical inhibition of nasal carbonic anhydrase affects the CO2 detection threshold in rats. Chem Senses 2007; 32(3):263-271.
76. Cometto-Muniz JE, Cain WS. Perception of nasal pungency in smokers and nonsmokers. Physiol Behav 1982; 29(4):727-731.
77. Shusterman DJ, Balmes JR. A comparison of two methods for determining nasal irritant sensitivity Am J Rhinol 1997; 11(5):371-378.
78. Hummel T, Kraetsch HG, Pauli E, et al. Responses to nasal irritation obtained from the human nasal mucosa. Rhinology 1998; 36(4):168-172.
79. Shusterman D, Avila PC. Real-time monitoring of nasal mucosal pH during carbon dioxide stimulation: implications for stimulus dynamics. Chem Senses 2003; 28(7):595-601.
80. Livermore A, Hummel T, Kobal G. Chemosensory event-related potentials in the investigation of interactions between the olfactory and the somatosensory (trigeminal) systems. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 83(3):201-210.
81. Shusterman D, Murphy MA, Balmes J. Differences in nasal irritant sensitivity by age, gender, and allergic rhinitis status. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003; 76(8):577-583.
82. Wise PM, Radil T, Wysocki CJ. Temporal integration in nasal lateralization and nasal detection of carbon dioxide. Chem Senses 2004; 29(2):137-142.
83. Wise PM, Wysocki CJ, Radil T. Time-intensity ratings of nasal irritation from carbon dioxide. Chem Senses 2003; 28(9):751-760.
84. Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Air pollution and allergy: you are what you breathe. Nat Immunol 2005; 6(3):223-226.
85. Gilliland FD, Li YF, Saxon A, et al. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebocontrolled crossover study. Lancet 2004; 363(9403):119-125.
86. Gilliland FD, Li YF, Gong H Jr., et al. Glutathione s-transferases M1 and P1 prevent aggravation of allergic responses by secondhand smoke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174(12):1335-1341.
87. Wan J, Diaz-Sanchez D. Phase II enzymes induction blocks the enhanced IgE production in B cells by diesel exhaust particles. J Immunol 2006; 177(5):3477-3483.