Nasal Cytotoxic and Carcinogenic Activities of Systemically Distributed Organic Chemicals

Toxicologic Pathology

Volumn 34, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 827-852

  Jeffrey, Alan M ^a   Iatropoulos, Michael J ^a   Williams, Gary M ^a  

^a NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

cancer; DNA adducts; metabolism; mutagens; Nose; safety assessment; toxicity

Indexed keywords

(CHLOROMETHYL)PYRIDINE; 3 TRIFLUOROMETHYLPYRIDINE; 3,3' IMINODIPROPIONITRILE; 3,5 AMINODICHLOROPYRIDINE; ACETANILIDE DERIVATIVE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BENZENE DERIVATIVE; CARBIMAZOLE; COUMARIN DERIVATIVE; DIMETHYL SULFONE; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; HEMPA; IODINATED GLYCEROL; LIDOCAINE; METYRAPONE; NITROSAMINE; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PACLITAXEL; PARACETAMOL; PHENACETIN; PICLAMILAST; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; PROCARBAZINE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; ROFLUMILAST; THIAMAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINBLASTINE SULFATE; VINCRISTINE; VINCRISTINE SULFATE; VINDESINE;

ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ANATOMY; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY; CARCINOGENICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CYTOTOXICITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG BINDING; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG TRANSFORMATION; FISH; HEADACHE; HEALTH HAZARD; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; LOW DRUG DOSE; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; MIGRAINE; NONHUMAN; NOSE CANCER; NOSE CAVITY; NOSE DISEASE; NOSE MUCOSA; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RODENT; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SMELLING DISORDER;

ANIMALS; CARCINOGENS; CELL SURVIVAL; HUMANS; MICE; NASAL MUCOSA; NOSE NEOPLASMS; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; RATS;

RODENTIA;

EID: 33845733090     PISSN: 01926233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01926230601042494     Document Type: Article

References (352)

1. Anholt RR Molecular physiology of olfaction Am J Physiol 1989 257 C1043 54
2. Ashby J de Serres FJ Draper M Ishidate M Jr Margolin BH Mather BE Shelby MD Progress in Mutation Research: Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogenesis 1985 5 New York Elsevier Science Publishers 128 9
3. Ashby J Lefevre PA Tinwell H Brunborg G Schmezer P Pool-Zobel B Shanu-Wilson R Holme JA Soderlund EJ Gulati D The non-genotoxicity to rodents of the potent rodent bladder carcinogens o-anisidine and p-cresidine Mutat Res 1991 250 115 33
4. Ashby J Short JM Jones NJ Lefevre PA Provost GS Rogers BJ Martin EA Parry JM Burnette K Glickman BW Tinwell H Mutagenicity of o-anisidine to the bladder of lacI−transgenic B6C3F1 mice: absence of 14C or 32P bladder DNA adduction Carcinogenesis 1994 15 2291 6
5. Bahrami F Brittebo EB Bergman A Larsson C Brandt I Localization and comparative toxicity of methylsulfonyl-2,5- and 2,6-dichlorobenzene in the olfactory mucosa of mice Toxicol Sci 1999 49 116 23
6. Barbieri PG Tomenzoli D Morassi L Festa R Fernicola C [Sinonasal inverted papillomas and occupational etiology] G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2005 27 422 26
7. Bartalena L Bogazzi F Martino E Adverse effects of thyroid hormone preparations and antithyroid drugs Drug Safety 1996 15 53 63
8. Batiste-Alentorn M Xamena N Creus A Marcos R Genotoxicity testing of five compounds in three Drosophila short-term somatic assays Mutat Res 1995 341 161 67
9. Belinsky SA Foley JF White CM Anderson MW Maronpot RR Dose-response relationship between O6-methylguanine formation in Clara cells and induction of pulmonary neoplasia in the rat by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Cancer Res 1990 50 3772 80
10. Belle DJ Ring BJ Allerheiligen SR Heathman MA O’Brien LM Sinha V Roskos LK Wrighton SA A population approach to enzyme characterization and identification: application to phenacetin O-deethylation Pharm Res 2000 17 1531 36
11. Bereziat JC Raffalli F Schmezer P Frei E Geneste O Lang MA Cytochrome P450 2A of nasal epithelium: regulation and role in carcinogen metabolism Mol Carcinog 1995 14 130 39
12. Bergman U Brittebo EB Methimazole toxicity in rodents: covalent binding in the olfactory mucosa and detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the olfactory bulb Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999 155 190 200
13. Bergman U Ostergren A Gustafson AL Brittebo B Differential effects of olfactory toxicants on olfactory regeneration Arch Toxicol 2002 76 104 12
14. Bergstrom U Giovanetti A Piras E Brittebo EB Methimazole-induced damage in the olfactory mucosa: effects on ultrastructure and glutathione levels Toxicol Pathol 2003 31 379 87
15. Bhattacharyya N Cancer of the nasal cavity: survival and factors influencing prognosis Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002 128 1079 83
16. Boadas-Vaello P Riera J Llorens J Behavioral and pathological effects in the rat define two groups of neurotoxic nitriles Toxicol Sci 2005 88 456 66
17. Bodell WJ Pathak DN Levay G Ye Q Pongracz K Investigation of the DNA adducts formed in B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene: implications for molecular dosimetry Environ Health Perspect 1996 104 Suppl 6 1189 93
18. Bogdanffy MS Mathison BH Kuykendall JR Harman AE Critical factors in assessing risk from exposure to nasal carcinogens Mutat Res 1997 380 125 41
19. Bogdanffy MS Mazaika TJ Fasano WJ Early cell proliferative and cytotoxic effects of phenacetin on rat nasal mucosa Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989 98 100 112
20. Bogdanffy MS Randall HW Morgan KT Biochemical quantitation and histochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal passages of the Fischer-344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1987 88 183 94
21. Bogdanffy MS Sarangapani R Kimbell JS Frame SR Plowchalk DR Analysis of vinyl acetate metabolism in rat and human nasal tissues by an in vitro gas uptake technique Toxicol Sci 1998 46 235 46
22. Bond JA Some biotransformation enzymes responsible for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in rat nasal turbinates: effects on enzyme activities of in vitro modifiers and intraperitoneal and inhalation exposure of rats to inducing agents Cancer Res 1983 43 4805 11
23. Born SL Caudill D Fliter KL Purdon MP Identification of the cytochromes P450 that catalyze coumarin 3,4-epoxidation and 3-hydroxylation Drug Metab Dispos 2002 30 483 87
24. Boucheron JA Richardson FC Morgan PH Swenberg JA Molecular dosimetry of O4-ethyldeoxythymidine in rats continuously exposed to diethylnitrosamine Cancer Res 1987 47 1577 81
25. Brandt I Brittebo EB Feil VJ Bakke JE Irreversible binding and toxicity of the herbicide dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) in the olfactory mucosa of mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990 103 491 501
26. Bray TM Kubow S Involvement of free radicals in the mechanism of 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicity: an example of metabolic activation in chemically induced lung disease Environ Health Perspect 1985 64 61 67
27. Brittebo EB Metabolic activation of phenacetin in rat nasal mucosa: dose-dependent binding to the glands of Bowman Cancer Res 1987 47 1449 56
28. Brittebo EB Metabolism-dependent activation and toxicity of chemicals in nasal glands Mutat Res 1997 380 61 75
29. Brittebo EB Ahlman M Nasal mucosa from rat fetuses and neonates metabolizes the nasal carcinogen phenacetin Toxicol Lett 1984 23 279 85
30. Brittebo EB Eriksson C Brandt I Activation and toxicity of bromobenzene in nasal tissue in mice Arch Toxicol 1990 64 54 60
31. Brittebo EB Eriksson C Feil V Bakke J Brandt I Toxicity of 2,6-dichlorothiobenzamide (chlorthiamid) and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the olfactory nasal mucosa of mice Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991 17 92 102
32. Brittebo EB Loftberg B Tjalve Extrahepatic sites of metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in mice and rats Xenobiotica 1981 11 619 25
33. Bryant MS Simmons HF Harrell RE Hinson JA 2,6-Dimethylaniline-hemoglobin adducts from lidocaine in humans Carcinogenesis 1994 15 2287 90
34. Bryant MS Vineis P Skipper PL Tannenbaum SR Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: association with smoking status and type of tobacco Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988 85 9788 91
35. Butterworth BE Popp JA Connolly RB Goldsworthy TL Chemically-induced cell proliferation in carcinogenesis Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis in Risk Identification 1992 116 Lyon IARC Scientific Publications 279 305
36. Caggiano M Kauer JS Hunter DD Globose basal cells are neuronal progenitors in the olfactory epithelium: a lineage analysis using a replication-incompetent retrovirus Neuron 1994 13 339 52
37. Calderon-Garciduenas L Rodriguez-Alcaraz A Valencia-Salazar G Mora-Tascareno A Garcia R Osnaya N Villarreal-Calderon A Devlin RB Van Dyke T Nasal biopsies of children exposed to air pollutants Toxicol Pathol 2001 29 558 64
38. Calderon-Garciduenas L Rodriguez-Alcaraz A Villarreal-Calderon A Lyght O Janszen D Morgan KT Nasal epithelium as a sentinel for airborne environmental pollution Toxicol Sci 1998 46 352 64
39. Capen CC Mechanisms of chemical injury of thyroid gland Prog Clin Biol Res 1994 387 173 91
40. Carlsson C Harju M Bahrami F Cantillana T Tysklind M Brandt I Olfactory mucosal toxicity screening and multivariate QSAR modeling for chlorinated benzene derivatives Arch Toxicol 2004 78 706 15
41. Carr CJ Trapido-Rosenthal HG Gleeson RA The role of degradative enzymes in chemosensory processes Chem Senses 1990 15 181
42. Castonguay A Rivenson A Trushin N Reinhardt J Spathopoulos S Weiss CJ Reiss B Hecht SS Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the metabolism and carcinogenicity of N′-nitrosonornicotine in F344 rats Cancer Res 1984 44 2285 90
43. Chan AT Teo PM Huang DP Pathogenesis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma Semin Oncol 2004 31 794 801
44. Chan P Mahler J Travlos G Nyska A Wenk M Induction of thyroid lesions in 14-week toxicity studies of 2 and 4-methylimidazole in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice Arch Toxicol 2006 80 169 80
45. Chen W Koenigs LL Thompson SJ Peter RM Rettie AE Trager WF Nelson SD Oxidation of acetaminophen to its toxic quinone imine and nontoxic catechol metabolites by baculovirus-expressed and purified human cytochromes P450 2E1 and 2A6 Chem Res Toxicol 1998 11 295 301
46. Chhabra RS Huff JE Haseman JK Elwell MR Peters AC Carcinogenicity of p-chloroaniline in rats and mice Food Chem Toxicol 1991 29 119 24
47. Constan AA Sprankle CS Peters JM Kedderis GL Everitt JI Wong BA Gonzalez FL Butterworth BE Metabolism of chloroform by cytochrome P450 2E1 is required for induction of toxicity in the liver, kidney, and nose of male mice Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999 160 120 26
48. Cox C Dichlobenil J Pesticide Reform 1997 17 14 20
49. Crofton KM Zhao X Sayre LM Genter MB Characterization of the effects of N-hydroxy-IDPN on the auditory, vestibular, and olfactory systems in rats Neurotoxicol Teratol 1996 18 297 303
50. Cunningham ML Cell proliferation as a determining factor for the carcinogenicity of chemicals Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 2000 London OICA International (UK) Ltd 82 94
51. Dahl AR Mutagenicity of some dialkylnitrosamines, cyclic nitrosamines and N,N-diethanolnitrosamine in Salmonella typhimurium with rat and rabbit nasal, lung and liver S9 homogenates Mutat Res 1985 158 141 47
52. Dahl AR Hadley WM Nasal cavity enzymes involved in xeno-biotic metabolism: effects on the toxicity of inhalants Crit Rev Toxicol 1991 21 345 72
53. Dahl AR Waruszewski BA Metabolism of organonitriles to cyanide by rat nasal tissue enzymes Xenobiotica 1989 19 1201 05
54. Deamer NJ O’Callaghan JP Genter MB Olfactory toxicity resulting from dermal application of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) in the C57Bl mouse Neurotoxicology 1994 15 287 93
55. Dearfield KL Harrington-Brock K Doerr CL Parker L Moore MM Genotoxicity of three pyridine compounds in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell Mutat Res 1993 301 57 63
56. Debiec-Rychter M Land SJ King CM Histological localization of messenger RNAs for rat acetyltransferases that acetylate serotonin and genotoxic arylamines Cancer Res 1996 56 1517 25
57. DeBord DG Swearengin TF Cheever KL Booth-Jones AD Wissinger LA Binding characteristics of o-toluidine to rat hemoglobin and albumin Arch Toxicol 1992 66 231 36
58. Ding X Spink DC Bhama JK Sheng JJ Vaz AD Coon MJ Metabolic activation of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, an olfactory-specific toxicant, by rat, rabbit, and human cytochromes P450 Mol Pharmacol 1996 49 1113 21
59. Ding XX Coon MJ Purification and characterization of two unique forms of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit nasal microsomes Biochemistry 1988 27 8330 37
60. Dorman DC Miller KL D’Antonio A James RA Morgan KT Chloroform-induced olfactory mucosal degeneration and osseous ethmoid hyperplasia are not associated with olfactory deficits in Fischer 344 rats Toxicology 1997 122 39 50
61. Dubach UC Rosner B Sturmer T An epidemiologic study of abuse of analgesic drugs. Effects of phenacetin and salicylate on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity (1968 to 1987) New England J Med 1991 324 155 160
62. Emeigh-Hart SGE Cartun RW Wyand DS Khairallah EA Cohen SD Immunohistochemical localization of acetaminophen in target tissues of the CD-1 mouse: correspondence of covalent binding with toxicity Fundam Appl Toxicol 1995 24 260 74
63. Environmental Working Group and EWG Action Fund National Contaminant Report:Bromobenzene 2006 〈http://wwwewgorg/tapwater/contaminants/contaminant.php?contamcode=2993〉
64. Erikssen J Seegaard E Naess K Letter: Side-effect of thiocarbamides Lancet 1975 1 231 32
65. Eriksson C Brittebo EB Dichlobenil in the fetal and neonatal mouse olfactory mucosa Toxicology 1995a 96 93 104
66. Eriksson C Brittebo EB Effects of the herbicide chlorthiamid on the olfactory mucosa Toxicol Lett 1995b 76 203 208
67. Fabrizi L Taylor GW Canas B Boobis AR Edwards RJ Adduction of the chloroform metabolite phosgene to lysine residues of human histone H2B Chem Res Toxicol 2003 16 266 75
68. Fang SY Yan JJ Ohyama M Assessment of p53 protein expression in normal mucosa and benign and malignant lesions of the nasal cavity Oncology 1998 55 168 73
69. Farbman AI Olfactory neurogenesis: genetic or environmental controls? Trends Neurosci 1990 13 362 65
70. Felicia ND Rekha GK Murphy SE Characterization of cytochrome P450 2A4 and 2A5-catalyzed 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism Arch Biochem Biophys 2000 384 418 24
71. Feng PC Wilson AG McClanahan RH Patanella JE Wratten SE Metabolism of alachlor by rat and mouse liver and nasal turbinate tissues Drug Metab Disp 1990 18 373 77
72. Feron VJ Arts JH Kuper CF Slootweg PJ Woutersen RA Health risks associated with inhaled nasal toxicants Crit Rev Toxicol 2001 31 313 47
73. Feron VJ Woutersen RA Gardenen-Hoetmer A Dreff-van der Meulen HC Upper respiratory tract tumors in cpb:wu (Wistar random) rats Env Health Perspect 1990 85 305 15
74. Franzén A Carlsson C Brandt I Brittebo EB Isomer-specific bioactivation and toxicity of dichlorophenyl methylsulphone in rat olfactory mucosa Toxicol Pathol 2003 31 364 72
75. Franzén A Carlsson C Hermansson V Lang M Brittebo EB CYP2A5-mediated activation and early ultrastructural changes in the olfactory mucosa: studies on 2,6-dichlorophenyl methylsulfone Drug Metab Dispos 2006 34 61 68
76. Frederick CB Udinsky JR Finch L The regional hydrolysis of ethyl acrylate to acrylic acid in the rat nasal cavity Toxicol Lett 1994 70 49 56
77. Freudenthal RI Anderson DP A reexamination of recent publications suggesting o-toluidine may be a human bladder carcinogen Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 1995 21 199 202
78. Froines JR Postlethwait EM LaFuente EJ Liu WC In vivo and in vitro release of cyanide from neurotoxic aminonitriles J Toxicol Environ Health 1985 16 449 460
79. Gaskell BA Hext PM Pigott GH Doe JE Hodge MCE Olfactory and hepatic changes following a single inhalation exposure of 3-trifluoromethyl pyridine in rats: concentrationa and temporal aspects Toxicology 1990 62 35 51
80. Genter MB Evaluation of olfactory and auditory system effects of the antihyperthyroid drug carbimazole in the Long-Evans rat J Biochem Mol Toxicol 1998 12 305 14
81. Genter MB Update on olfactory mucosal metabolic enzymes: age-related changes and N-acetyltransferase activities J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2004 18 239 44
82. Genter MB Molecular biology of the nasal airways: how do we assess cellular and molecular responses in the nose? Toxicol Pathol 2006 34 274 80
83. Genter MB Ali SF Age-related susceptibility to 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile-induced olfactory mucosal damage Neurobiol Aging 1998 19 569 74
84. Genter MB Burman DM Bolon B Progression of alachlor-induced olfactory mucosal tumours Int J Exp Pathol 2002a 83 303 08
85. Genter MB Burman DM Dingeldein MW Clough I Bolon B Evolution of alachlor-induced nasal neoplasms in the Long-Evans rat Toxicol Pathol 2000 28 770 81
86. Genter MB Burman DM Vijayakumar S Ebert CL Aronow BJ Genomic analysis of alachlor-induced oncogenesis in rat olfactory mucosa Physiol Genomics 2002b 12 35 45
87. Genter MB Deamer NJ Blake BL Wesley DS Levi PE Olfactory toxicity of methimazole: dose-response and structure-activity studies and characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in the Long-Evans rat olfactory mucosa Toxicol Pathol 1995a 23 477 86
88. Genter MB Deamer NJ Cao Y Levi PE Effects of P450 inhibition and induction on the olfactory toxicity of β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) in the rat J Biochem Toxicol 1994 9 31 39
89. Genter MB Goss KH Groden J Strain-specific of alachlor on murine olfactory mucosal responses Toxicol Pathol 2004 32 719 25
90. Genter MB Liang HC Gu J Ding X Negishi M McKinnon RA Nebert DW Role of CYP2A5 and 2G1 in acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity in the olfactory mucosa of the Cyp1a2(−/−) mouse Biochem Pharmacol 1998 55 1819 26
91. Genter MB Llorens J O’Callaghan JP Peele DB Morgan KT Crofton KM Olfactory toxicity of β,β′-iminodipropionitrile in the rat J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992 263 1432 39
92. Genter MB Owens DM Carlone HB Crofton KM Characterization of olfactory deficits in the rat following administration of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile, or methimazole Fundam Appl Toxicol 1996 29 71 77
93. Genter MB Owens DM Deamer NJ Distribution of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in the rat olfactory mucosa: relevance to distribution of lesions caused by systemically-administered olfactory toxicants Chem Senses 1995b 20 385 92
94. Genter MB Warner BM Krell HW Bolon B Reduction of alachlor-induced olfactory mucosal neoplasms by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Ro 28–2653 Toxicol Pathol 2005 33 593 99
95. Gervasi PG Longo V Naldi F Panattoni G Ursino F Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in human respiratory nasal mucosa Biochem Pharmacol 1991 41 177 84
96. Ghanayem BI Burka LT Comparative metabolism and disposition of 1-chloro- and 3-chloro-2-methylpropene in rats and mice Drug Metab Dispos 1987 15 91 96
97. Gillner M Brittebo EB Brandt I Soderkvist P Appelgren LE Gustafsson JA Uptake and specific binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the olfactory mucosa of mice and rats Cancer Res 1987 47 4150 59
98. Gonçalves LL Beland FA Marques MM Synthesis, characterization, and comparative 32P-postlabeling efficiencies of 2,6-dimethylaniline-DNA adducts Chem Res Toxicol 2001 14 165 74
99. Gosepath J Grebneva N Brieger J Mann WJ Evaluation of inflammatory reactions and genotoxic effects after exposure of nasal respiratory epithelia to benzene ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2003 65 348 52
100. Gray R Peto R Brantom P Grasso P Chronic nitrosamine ingestion in 1040 rodents: the effect of the choice of nitrosamine, the species studied, and the age of starting exposure Cancer Res 1991 51 6470 91
101. Green T Lee R Moore RB Ashby J Willis GA Lund VJ Clapp MJ Acetochlor-induced rat nasal tumors: further studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2000 32 127 33
102. Green T Lee R Toghill A Meadowcroft S Lund V Foster J The toxicity of styrene to the nasal epithelium of mice and rats: studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans Chem Biol Interact 2001 137 185 202
103. Gu J Cui H Behr M Zhang L Zhang QY Yang W Hinson JA Ding X In vivo mechanisms of tissue-selective drug toxicity: Effects of liver-specific knockout of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene on acetaminophen toxicity in kidney, lung, and nasal mucosa Mol Pharmacol 2004 67 623 30
104. Gu J Dudley C Su T Spink DC Zhang QY Moss RL Ding X Cytochrome P450 and steroid hydroxylase activity in mouse olfactory and vomeronasal mucosa Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999 266 262 67
105. Gu J Walker VE Lipinskas TW Walker DM Ding X In-traperitoneal administration of coumarin causes tissue-selective depletion of cytochromes P450 and cytotoxicity in the olfactory mucosa Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997 146 134 43
106. Gu J Zhang QY Genter MB Lipinskas TW Negishi M Nebert DW Ding X Purification and characterization of heterologously expressed mouse CYP2A5 and CYP2G1: role in metabolic activation of acetaminophen and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile in mouse olfactory mucosal microsomes J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998 285 1287 95
107. Hadley WM Dahl AR Cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase activity in rat nasal epithelial membranes Toxicol Lett 1982 10 417 22
108. Hadley WM Dahl AR Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity in nasal membranes of six species Drug Metab Disp 1983 11 275 76
109. Harkema JR Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants Environ Health Perspect 1990 85 231 38
110. Harkema JR Comparative aspects of nasal airway anatomy: relevance to inhalation toxicology Toxicol Pathol 1991 19 321 36
111. Harkema JR Carey SA Wagner JG The nose revisited: a brief review of the comparative structure, function, and toxicologic pathology of the nasal epithelium Toxicol Pathol 2006 34 252 69
112. Hasegawa R Furukawa F Toyoda K Jang JJ Yamashita K Sato S Takahashi M Hayashi Y Study for tumor-initiating effect of acetaminophen in two-stage liver carcinogenesis of male F344 rats Carcinogenesis 1988 9 755 59
113. Haseman JK Clark AM Carcinogenicity results for 114 laboratory animal studies usedto assess the predictivity of four in vitro genetic toxicity assays for rodent carcinogenicity Environ Mol Mutagen 1990 16 Suppl 18 15 31
114. Haseman JK Elwell MR Evaluation of false positive and false negative outcomes inNTP long- term rodent carcinogenicity studies Risk Anal 1996 16 813 20
115. Haseman JK Hailey JR An update of the National Toxicology Program database on nasal carcinogens Mutat Res 1997 380 3 11
116. Hastings L Evans JE Olfactory primary neurons as a route of entry for toxic agents into the CNS Neurotoxicology 1991 12 707 14
117. Hauptmann M Lubin JH Stewart PA Hayes RB Blair A Mortality from solidcancers among workers in formaldehyde industries Am J Epidemiol 2004 159 1117 30
118. Hayes RB Yin SN Dosemeci M Li GL Wacholder S Chow WH Rothman N Wang YZ Dai TR Chao XJ Jiang ZL Ye PZ Zhao HB Kou QR Zhang WY Meng JF Zho JS Lin XF Ding CY Li CY Zhang ZN Li DG Travis LB Blot WJ Linet MS Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China Environ Health Perspect 1996 104 Suppl 6 1349 52
119. Hazardous Substances Data Bank 2006 〈http://toxnetnlm.nih.gov/〉
120. Hecht SS Metabolic activation and detoxification of tobacco-specific nitrosamines - a model for cancer prevention strategies Drug Metab Rev 1994 26 373 90
121. Hecht SS DNA adduct formation from tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines Mutat Res 1999 424 127 42
122. Hecht SS El Bayoumy K Rivenson A Fiala E Comparative carcinogenicity of toluidine hydrochloride and o-nitrosotoluene in F-344 rats Cancer Lett 1982 16 103 08
123. Herrold KM Effects of the route of administration on the carcinogenic action of diethylnitrosoamine Brit J Cancer 1964 18 763
124. Hester SD Barry WT Zou F Wolf DC Transcriptomic analysis of F344 rat nasal epithelium suggests that the lack of carcinogenic response to glutaraldehyde is due to its greater toxicity compared to formaldehyde Toxicol Pathol 2005 33 415 24
125. Hester SD Benavides GB Sartor M Yoon L Wolf DC Morgan KT Normal gene expression in male F344 rat nasal transitional and respiratory epithelium Gene 2002 285 301 10
126. Hext PM Lock EA The accumulation and metabolism of 3-trifluoromethylpyridine by rat olfactory and hepatic tissues Toxicology 1992 72 61 75
127. Heydens WF Wilson AG Kier LD Lau H Thake DC Martens MA An evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicide alachlor to man Hum Exp Toxicol 1999 18 363 91
128. Higashikuni N Baba T Nakamura T Sutou S The micronucleus test with peripheral reticulocytes from phenacetin-treated mice Mutat Res 1992 278 159 64
129. Hinds JW Hinds PL McNelly NA An autoradiographic study of the mouse olfactory epithelium: evidence for long-lived receptors Anat Rec 1984 210 375 83
130. Hinson JA Reactive metabolites of phenacetin and acetaminophen: a review Environ Health Perspect 1983 49 71 79
131. Hiraga K Fujii T Carcinogenicity testing of acetaminophen in F344 rats Jpn J Cancer Res 1985 76 79 85
132. Ho CH Clark BR Guerin MR Barkenbus BD Rao TK Analytical and biological analysis of test materials from the synthetic fuel technologies Mutat Res 1981 85 335 45
133. Hoffmann D Castonguay A Rivenson A Hecht SS Comparative carcinogenicity and metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N′-nitrosonornicotine in Syrian golden hamsters Cancer Res 1981 41 2386 93
134. Hoffmann D Rathkamp G Quantitative determination of 1-alkylindoles in cigarette smoke Anal Chem 1970 42 366 70
135. Hong JY Ding X Smith TJ Coon MJ Yang CS Metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific carcinogen, by rabbit nasal microsomes and cytochrome P450s NMa and NMb Carcinogenesis 1992 13 2141 44
136. Hua Z Zhang QY Su T Lipinskas TW Ding X cDNA cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of mouse CYP2G1, an olfactory-specific steroid hydroxylase Arch Biochem Biophys 1997 340 208 14
137. Huang DP Ho JH Saw D Teoh TB Carcinoma of the nasal and paranasal regions in rats fed Cantonese salted marine fish IARC Sci Publ 1978 315 28
138. Huang DP Ho JH Webb KS Wood BJ Gough TA Volatile nitrosamines in salt-preserved fish before and after cooking Food Cosmet Toxicol 1981 19 167 71
139. Huang Z Ducharme Y Macdonald D Robichaud A The next generation of PDE4 inhibitors Curr Opin Chem Biol 2001 5 432 38
140. Huard JM Schwob JE Cell cycle of globose basal cells in rat olfactory epithelium Dev Dyn 1995 203 17 26
141. Huff JE Haseman JK DeMarini DM Eustis S Maronpot RR Peters AC Persing RL Chrisp CE Jacobs AC Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice Environ Health Perspect 1989 82 125 63
142. Hussain AA Intranasal drug delivery Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998 29 39 49
143. International Agency for Research on Cancer Procarbazine Hydorchloride 1981 26 311 〈http://wwwinchem.org/documents/iarc/vol26/procarbazinehcl.html〉
144. International Agency for Research on Cancer 2,4,5-and 2,4,6-Trimethylanilines and their hydrochlorides IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1982a 27 Lyon IARC 177 88
145. International Agency for Research on Cancer m-and p-Cresidine IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1982b 27 Lyon IARC 91 101
146. International Agency for Research on Cancer o-and p-Anisidine and their hydrochlorides IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1982c 27 Lyon IARC 63 80
147. International Agency for Research on Cancer 4-(Methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone (NNK) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1985 37 Lyon IARC 209 23
148. International Agency for Research on Cancer Aniline (Group 3). Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC Monographs IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987a 7 99 100
149. International Agency for Research on Cancer Benzene IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1987b Supplement 7 Lyon IARC 120 25
150. International Agency for Research on Cancer N-Nitrosodi-methylamine Some N-Nitroso Compounds 1987c 17 Lyon IARC 125 76
151. International Agency for Research on Cancer o-Toluidine IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1987d Supplement 7 Lyon IARC 362 63
152. International Agency for Research on Cancer Phenacetin (Group 2A) and analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin (Group 1). Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987e 7 310 12
153. International Agency for Research on Cancer Polychlorinated Biphenyls. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987f 7 322 26
154. International Agency for Research on Cancer Procarbazine hydrochloride. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987g 7 327 28
155. International Agency for Research on Cancer Vinblastine sulphate (Group 3). Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987h 7 371 72
156. International Agency for Research on Cancer Vincristine sulphate (Group 3). Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs. IARC, Lyon Supplement 1987i 7 372 73
157. International Agency for Research on Cancer Chromium and chromium compounds IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1990a 49 Lyon IARC 49 256
158. International Agency for Research on Cancer Nickel and nickel compounds IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1990b 49 Lyon IARC 257 445
159. International Agency for Research on Cancer 2,6-Dimethylaniline IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1993a 57 Lyon IARC 323 35
160. International Agency for Research on Cancer p-Chloroaniline IARC monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1993b 57 Lyon IARC 305 21
161. International Agency for Research on Cancer Salted Fish IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1993c 56 Lyon IARC 41
162. International Agency for Research on Cancer Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans. Wood Dust and Formaldehyde IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1995 Lyon IARC
163. International Agency for Research on Cancer Epstein-Barr Virus 1997 70 47 〈http://monographsiarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol70/70-ebv.htm〉
164. International Agency for Research on Cancer Chloroform IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1999a 73 Lyon IARC 131 82
165. International Agency for Research on Cancer Hexamethylphosphoramide IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1999b 71 Lyon IARC 1465 81
166. International Agency for Research on Cancer Paracetamol IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 1999c 73 Lyon IARC 401 49
167. International Agency for Research on Cancer Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans. Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2000a Lyon IARC
168. International Agency for Research on Cancer Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs volumes 1 to 42 Suplement 7 2000b 〈http://monographsiarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/suppl7/suppl7.pdf〉
169. International Agency for Research on Cancer Naphthalene. Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2002 367 435
170. International Agency for Research on Cancer Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2004
171. International Agency for Research on Cancer Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans. Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-Propanol IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2005 Lyon, France IARC
172. Isaka H Yoshii H Otsuji A Koike M Nagai Y Koura M Sugiyasu K Kanabayashi T Tumors of Sprague-Dawley rats induced by long-term feeding of phenacetin Gann 1979 70 29 36
173. Jefferies PR Quistad GB Casida JE Dialkylquinonimines validated as in vivo metabolites of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor herbicides in rats Chem Res Toxicol 1998 11 353 59
174. Jeffrey AM Luo FQ Amin S Krzeminski J Zech K Williams GM Lack of DNA binding in the rat nasal mucosa and other tissues of the nasal toxicants roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, and a metabolite, 4-amino-3,5-dichloropyridine, in contrast to the nasal carcinogen 2,6-dimethylaniline Drug Chem Toxicol 2002 25 93 107
175. Jemec B Studies on the goitrogenic and oncogenic effects of thycapzol on C3H mice Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand—A, Pathol 1970 78 151 60
176. Kadlubar FF Badawi AF Genetic susceptibility and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in human urinary bladder carcinogenesis Toxicol Lett 1995 82–83 627 32
177. Kai K Satoh H Kajimura T Kato M Uchida K Yamaguchi R Tateyama S Furuhama K Olfactory epithelial lesions induced by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents in mice Toxicol Pathol 2004 32 701 09
178. Kai K Satoh H Kashimoto Y Kajimura T Furuhama K Olfactory epithelium as a novel toxic target following an intravenous administration of vincristine to mice Toxicol Pathol 2002 30 306 11
179. Kai K Yoshida M Sugawara T Kato M Uchida K Yamaguchi R Tateyama S Furuhuma K Investigation of initial changes in the mouse olfactory epithelium following a single intravenous injection of vincristine sulphate Toxicol Pathol 2005 33 750 59
180. Kaster JK Yost GS Production and characterization of specific antibodies: utilization to predict organ- and species-selective pneumotoxicity of 3-methylindole Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997 143 324 37
181. Katori H Nozawa A Tsukuda M Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and human papilloma virus infection are associated with malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma J Surg Oncol 2006 93 80 85
182. Kaye JA Myers MW Jick H Acetaminophen and the risk of renal and bladder cancer in the general practice research database Epidemiology 2001 12 690 94
183. Keenaghan JB Boyes RN The tissue distribution, metabolism and excretion of lidocaine in rats, guinea pigs, dogs and man J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1972 180 454 63
184. Keller DA Marshall CE Lee KP Subchronic nasal toxicity of hexamethylphosphoramide administered to rats orally for 90 days Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997 40 15 29
185. Kiese M The biochemical production of ferrihemoglobin-forming derivatives from aromatic amines, and mechanisms of ferrihemoglobin formation Pharmacol Rev 1966 18 1091 61
186. Koujitani T Yasuhara K Kobayashi H Shimada A Onodera H Takagi H Hirose M Mitsumori K Tumor-promoting activity of 2,6-dimethylaniline in a two-stage nasal carcinogenesis model in N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine-treated rats Cancer Lett 1999 142 161 71
187. Kugler-Steigmeier ME Friederich U Graf U Lutz WK Maier P Schlatter C Genotoxicity of aniline derivatives in various short-term tests Mutat Res 1989 211 279 89
188. Lambert GR Padgett WT George MH Kitchin KT Nesnow S Quantitative analysis of alachlor protein adducts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Anal Biochem 1999 268 289 96
189. Lanza DL Code E Crespi CL Gonzalez FJ Yost GS Specific dehydrogenation of 3-methylindole and epoxidation of naphthalene by recombinant human CYP2F1 expressed in lymphoblastoid cells Drug Metab Dispos 1999 27 798 803
190. Larson JL Wolf DC Mery S Morgan KT Butterworth BE Toxicity and cell proliferation in the liver, kidneys and nasal passages of female F-344 rats, induced by chloroform administered by gavage Food Chem Toxicol 1995 33 443 56
191. Lee IP Dixon RL Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of procarbazine Mutat Res 1978 55 1 14
192. Lee KP Trochimowicz HJ Induction of nasal tumors in rats exposed to hexamethylphosphoramide by inhalation J Natl Cancer Inst 1982 68 157 71
193. Lee MG Phimister A Morin D Buckpitt A Plopper C In situ naphthalene bioactivation and nasal airflow cause region-specific injury patterns in the nasal mucosa of rats exposed to naphthalene by inhalation J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005 314 103 10
194. Legrier ME Ducray A Propper A Chao M Kastner A Cell cycle regulation during mouse olfactory neurogenesis Cell Growth Differ 2001 12 591 601
195. Levin W Buening MK Wood AW Chang RL Kedzierski B Thakker DR Boyd DR Gadaginamath GS Armstrong RN Yagi H Karle JM Slaga TJ Jerina DM Conney AH An enantiomeric interaction in the metabolism and tumorigenicity of (+)and (−)-benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-oxide J Biol Chem 1980 255 9067 74
196. Lewis DF Brantom PG Ioannides C Walker R Parke DV Nitrosamine carcinogenesis: rodent assays, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and human risk assessment Drug Metab Rev 1997 29 1055 78
197. Lewis JL Nikula KJ Novak R Dahl AR Comparative localization of carboxylesterase in F344 rat, beagle dog, and human nasal tissue Anat Rec 1994 239 55 64
198. Li AA Asbury KJ Hopkins WE Feng PC Wilson AG Metabolism of alachlor by rat and monkey liver and nasal turbinate tissue Drug Metab Disp 1992 20 616 18
199. Lijinsky W Reuber MD Carcinogenic effect of nitrosopyrrolidine, nitrosopiperidine and nitrosohexamethyleneimine in Fischer rats Cancer Lett 1981 12 99 103
200. Lijinsky W Taylor HW Carcinogenicity of methylated nitrosopiperidines Int J Cancer 1975 16 318 22
201. Lilly Tapazole Physicians’ Desk Reference 1996 Des Moines, IA Medical Economics 1365 66
202. Ling G Gu J Genter MB Zhuo X Ding X Regulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression in the olfactory mucosa Chem Biol Interact 2004 147 247 58
203. Liu C Zhuo X Gonzalez FJ Ding X Baculovirus-mediated expression and characterization of rat CYP2A3 and human CYP2a6: role in metabolic activation of nasal toxicants Mol Pharmacol 1996 50 781 88
204. Lofberg B Tjalve H Tracing tissues with chloroform-metabolizing capacity in rats Toxicology 1986 39 13 35
205. Long PH Herbert RA Peckham JC Grumbein SL Shackelford CC Abdo K Morphology of nasal lesions in F344/N rats following chronic inhalation exposure to naphthalene vapors Toxicol Pathol 2003 31 655 64
206. Longo V Citti L Gervasi PG Biotransformation enzymes in nasal mucosa and liver of Sprague–Dawley rats Toxicol Lett 1988 44 289 97
207. Longo V Ingelman-Sundberg M Acetone-dependent regulation of cytochromes P4502E1 and P4502B1 in rat nasal mucosa Biochem Pharmacol 1993 46 1945 51
208. Low LK Lambert CE Meeks JR Naro PA Mackerer CR Tissue-specific metabolism of benzene in zymbal gland and other solid tumor target tissues in rats J Am Coll Toxicol 2003 14 40 60
209. Luceri F Pieraccini G Moneti G Dolara P Primary aromatic amines from side-stream cigarette smoke are common contaminants of indoor air Toxicol Indust Health 1993 9 405 13
210. Magee PN Nitrosamines and human cancer: introduction and overview Euro Cancer Prev 1996 5 Suppl 1 7 10
211. Magee PN Nicoll JW Pegg AE Swann PF Alkylating intermediates in 3nitrosamine metabolism Biochem Soc Trans 1975 3 62 65
212. Maltoni C Ciliberti A Cotti G Conti B Belpoggi F Benzene, an experimental multipotential carcinogen: results of the long-term bioassays performed at the Bologna Institute of Oncology Environ Health Perspect 1989 82 109 24
213. Mancuso M Giovanetti A Brittebo EB Effects of dichlobenil on ultrastructural morphology and cell replication in the mouse olfactory mucosa Toxicol Pathol 1997 25 186 94
214. Marques MM Mourato LLG Santos MA Beland FA Synthesis, characterization, and conformational analysis of DNA adducts from methylated anilines present in tobacco smoke Chem Res Toxicol 1996 9 99 108
215. Marsh GM Youk AO Reevaluation of mortality risks from nasopharyngeal cancer in the formaldehyde cohort study of the National Cancer Institute Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005 42 275 83
216. McQueen CA Williams GM Review of the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 4,4’-methylene-dianiline and 4,4′-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline Mutat Res 1990 239 133 42
217. Menco B The ultrastructure of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man 1983 Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, Inc 45 102
218. Menco B Morrison EE The ultrastructure of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces Morphology of the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium: Form, Fine Structure and Pathology 2003 New York Marcel Dekker, Inc 17 51
219. Mery S Gross EA Joyner DR Godo M Morgan KT Nasal diagrams: a tool for recording the distribution of nasal lesions in rats and mice Toxicol Pathol 1994 22 353 72
220. Miller JA The metabolism of xenobiotics to reactive electrophiles in chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis: a collaboration with Elizabeth Cavert Miller and our associates Drug Metab Rev 1998 30 645 74
221. Miller MA O’Bryan MA Ultrastructural changes and olfactory deficits during 3 methylindole-induced olfactory mucosal necrosis and repair in mice Ultrastruct Pathol 2003 27 13 21
222. Miner DJ Kissinger PT Evidence for the involvement of N-acetyl-p-quinoneimine in acetaminophen metabolism Biochem Pharmacol 1979 28 3285 90
223. Mizutani T Yoshida K Murakami M Shirai M Kawazoe S Evidence for the involvement of N-methylthiourea, a ring cleavage metabolite, in the hepatotoxicity of methimazole in glutathione-depleted mice: structure-toxicity and metabolic studies Chem Res Toxicol 2000 13 170 76
224. Monticello TM Morgan KT Chemically-induced nasal carcinogenesis and epithelial cell proliferation: a brief review Mutat Res 1997 380 33 41
225. Morgan KT Kimbell JS Monticello TM Patra AL Fleishman A Studies of inspiratory airflow patterns in the nasal passages of the F344 rat and rhesus monkey using nasal molds: relevance to formaldehyde toxicity Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 110 223 40
226. Mortensen A Bertram M Aarup V Sorensen IK Assessment of carcinogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in a short-term assay using Xpa−/− and Xpa−/−/p53+/− mice Toxicol Pathol 2002 30 188 99
227. Moulton DG Dynamics of cell populations in the olfactory epithelium Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974 237 52 61
228. Mulder GJ Kadlubar FF Mays JB Hinson JA Reaction of mutagenic phenacetin metabolites with glutathione and DNA Mol Pharmacol 1984 26 342 47
229. Muldrew KL James LP Coop L McCullough SS Hendrickson HP Hinson JA Mayeux PR Determination of acetaminophen-protein adducts in mouse liver and serum and human serum after hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Drug Metab Dispos 2002 30 446 51
230. Muller R Rajewsky MF Immunological quantification by high-affinity antibodies of O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine in DNA exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea Cancer Res 1980 40 887 96
231. Nakanishi K Kurata Y Oshima M Fukushima S Ito N Carcinogenicity of phenacetin: long-term feeding study in B6C3f1mice Int J Cancer 1982 29 439 44
232. National Research Council Drinking Water and Health 2006 1 695 〈http://fermatnapedu/books/0309026199/html/695.html〉
233. National Toxicology Program Bioassay of 2-(Chloromethyl)-pyridine Hydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 6959-47-3) 1978a TR178 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
234. National Toxicology Program Bioassay of 3-(Chloromethyl)-pyridine Hydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 6959-48-4) 1978b TR095 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
235. National Toxicology Program Bioassay of o-Toluidine Hydrochloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 636-21-5) 1979a TR153 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
236. National Toxicology Program Bioassay of p-Cresidine for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 120-71-8) 1979b TR142 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
237. National Toxicology Program Bioassay of procarbazine for possible carcinogenicity 1979c 19 1 124 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
238. National Toxicology Program Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dimethylvinyl Chloride (1-Chloro-2-Methylpropene) (CAS No. 513-37-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) 1979d 316 1 124 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
239. National Toxicology Program NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (CAS No. 106-46-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) 1987 319 1 198 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
240. National Toxicology Program NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Hydroquinone (CAS No. 123-31-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) 1989 366 1 248 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
241. National Toxicology Program NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Iodinated Glycerol (Organidin) (CAS No. 5634-39-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (GavageStudies) 1990a 340 1 171 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
242. National Toxicology Program Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline) (CAS No.87-62-7) in Charles River CD Rats (Feed Studies) 1990b 278 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
243. National Toxicology Program NTP Toxicology and Carcinogene-sis Studies of Acetaminophen (CAS No. 103-90-2) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) 1993a 394 1 274 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
244. National Toxicology Program NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Coumarin (CAS No. 91-64-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) 1993b 422 1 340 http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374
245. National Toxicology Program Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pyridine (CAS No.110-86-1) in F344/N Rats, Wistar Rats, and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies) 1996 470 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14374〉
246. National Toxicology Program Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition p-Cresidine 2005 11 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s050pcre.pdf〉
247. National Toxicology Program Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzophenone (CAS No. 119-61-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) 2006 TR142 〈http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/files/533Web.pdf〉
248. Nef P Heldman J Lazard D Margalit T Jaye M Hanukoglu I Lancet D Olfactory-specific cytochrome P-450. cDNA cloning of a novel neuroepithelial enzyme possibly involved in chemoreception J Biol Chem 1989 264 6780 85
249. Nef P Larabee TM Kagimoto K Meyer UA Olfactory-specific cytochrome P-450 (P-450olf1; IIG1). Gene structure and developmental regulation J Biol Chem 1990 265 2903 07
250. Nelson SD Garland WA Breck GD Trager WF Quantification of lidocaine and several metabolites utilizing chemical-ionization mass spectrometry and stable isotope labeling J Pharm Sci 1977 66 1180 90
251. Nery R The binding of radioactive label from labelled phenacetin and related compounds to rat tissue in vivo and to nucleic acids and bovine plasma albumin in vitro Biochem J 1971 122 311 15
252. Neundorfer B [Disorders of smell and taste in treatment with thiamazole and carbimazole] Nervenarzt 1987 58 61 62
253. Nikula KJ Novak RF Chang IY Dahl AR Kracko DA Zangar RC Kim SG Lewis JL Induction of nasal carboxylesterase in F344 rats following inhalation exposure to pyridine Drug Metab Dispos 1995 23 529 35
254. Noronha RF Goodall CM Nasal tumours in starved rats injected once with dimethylnitrosamine N Z Med J 1972 75 374 75
255. Nyska A Ghanayem BI Characterization of the toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of methacrylonitrile in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 mice Arch Toxicol 2003 77 233 42
256. Nyska A Yoshizawa K Jokinen MP Brix AE Sells DM Wyde ME Orzech DP Kissling GE Walker NJ Olfactory epithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia in female Harlan Sprague–Dawley rats following chronic treatment with polychlorinated biphenyls Toxicol Pathol 2005 33 371 77
257. Ogawa K Hiraku Y Oikawa S Murata M Sugimura Y Kawamura J Kawanishi S Molecular mechanisms of DNA damage induced by procarbazine in the presence of Cu(II) Mutat Res 2003 539 145 55
258. Pang KS Cherry WF Accaputo J Schwab AJ Goresky CA Combined hepatic arterial-portal venous and hepatic arterial-hepatic venous perfusions to probe the abundance of drug metabolizing activities: perihepatic venous O-deethylation activity for phenacetin and peri-portal sulfation activity for acetaminophen in the once-through rat liver preparation J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988 247 690 700
259. Parker RJ Collins JM Strong JM Identification of 2,6-xylidine as a major lidocane metabolite in human liver slices Drug Metab Disp 1996 24 1167 73
260. Patierno SR Lehman NL Henderson BE Landolph JR Study of the ability of phenacetin, acetaminophen, and aspirin to induce cytotoxicity, mutation, and morphologicaltransformation in C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 mouse embryo cells Cancer Res 1989 49 1038 44
261. PDR Physicians’ Desk Reference 2006 Montvale, NJ Medical Economics Co
262. Peele DB Allison SD Bolon B Prah JD Jensen KF Morgan KT Functional deficits produced by 3-methylindole-induced olfactory mucosal damage revealed by a simple olfactory learning task Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 107 191 202
263. Peng HM Ding X Coon MJ Isolation and heterologous expression of cloned cDNAs for two rabbit nasal microsomal proteins, CYP2A10 and CYP2A11, that are related to nasal microsomal cytochrome P450 form a J Biol Chem 1993 268 17253 260
264. Peshenko IV Novoselov VI Evdokimov VA Nikolaev YV Kamzalov SS Shuvaeva TM Lipkin VM Fesenko EE Identification of a 28 kDa secretory protein from rat olfactory epithelium as a thiol-specific antioxidant Free Radic Biol Med 1998 25 654 59
265. Petersen I Ohgaki H Ludeke BI Kleihues P p53 Mutationen in Phenazetin-induzierten Urothelkarzinomen Ver Deut Gesell Pathol 1993 77 252 55
266. Peto R Occupational exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols Lancet 1991 338 1392 93
267. Phillips DH Farmer PB Beland FA Nath RG Poirier MC Reddy MV Turteltaub KW Methods of DNA adduct determination and their application to testing compounds for genotoxicity Environ Mol Mutagen 2000 35 222 33
268. Pino MV Valerio MG Miller GK Larson JL Rosolia DL Jayyosi Z Crouch CN Trojanowski JQ Geiger LE Toxicologic and carcinogenic effects of the type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor RP 73401 on the nasal olfactory tissue in rats Toxicol Pathol 1999 27 383 94
269. Piras E Franzén A Fernandez EL Bergstrom U Raffalli-Mathieu F Lang M Brittebo EB Cell-specific expression of CYP2A5 in the mouse respiratory tract: effects of olfactory toxicants J Histochem Cytochem 2003 51 1545 55
270. Pliss GB [Experimental study of o-toluidine carcinogenicity] Vopr Onkol 2004 50 567 71
271. Pour P Cardesa A Althoff J Mohr U Tumorigenesis in the nasal olfactory region of Syrian golden hamsters as a result of di-n-propylnitrosamine and related compounds Cancer Res 1974 34 16 26
272. Preussmann R Steward BW N-Nitroso carcinogens Chemical Carcinogens 1984 182 2 Washington, DC Am. Chem. Soc. Monograph 643 828
273. Prokopczyk B Rivenson A Hoffmann D A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. IX. Comparative carcinogenicity of 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone upon local application to mouse skin and rat oral mucosa Cancer Lett 1991 60 153 57
274. Przybojewska B Assessment of aniline derivatives-induced DNA damage in the liver cells of B6C3F1 mice using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis ('comet’) assay Cancer Lett 1999 147 1 4
275. Puente NW Josephy PD Analysis of the lidocaine metabolite 2,6-dimethylaniline in bovine and human milk J Anal Toxicol 2001 25 711 15
276. Rao GN Haseman JK Grumbein S Crawford DD Eustis SL Growth, body weight, survival, and tumor trends in F344/N rats during an eleven-year period Toxicol Pathol 1990 18 61 70
277. Recio L Oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations in nasal tumors Mutat Res 1997 380 27 31
278. Reddy MV Blackburn GR Schreiner CA Mehlman MA Mackerer CR 32P analysis of DNA adducts in tissues of benzene-treated rats Env Health Perspect 1989 82 253 57
279. Reed CJ Robinson DA Lock EA Antioxidant status of the rat nasal cavity Free Radic Biol Med 2003 34 607 15
280. Regal KA Laws GM Yuan C Yost GS Skiles GL Detection and characterization of dna adducts of 3-methylindole Chem Res Toxicol 2001 14 1014 24
281. Resnik G Resnik-Schuller HM Hayden DW Russfield A Murthy AS Morphology of nasal cavity neoplasms in F344 rats after chronic feeding of p-cresidine, and intermediate of dyes and pigments Anticancer Res 1981 1 279 86
282. Reznik G Comparative anatomy and histomorphology of Nasal and Paranasal Cavities in Rodents Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man 1983 Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 35 44
283. Reznik GK Comparative anatomy, physiology, and function of the upper respiratory tract Environ Health Perspect 1990 85 171 76
284. Reznik GK Padberg G Diethylnitrosamine-induced metastasizing hepatocellular carcinomas in New Zealand white rabbits. A tumor model for clinical investigations J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991 117 123 29
285. Robinson DA Bogdanffy MS Reed CJ Histochemical localisation of carboxylesterase activity in rat and mouse oral cavity mucosa Toxicology 2002 180 209 20
286. Robottom-Ferreira AB Aquino SR Queiroga R Albano RM Ribeiro Pinto LF Expression of CYP2A3 mRNA and its regulation by 3-methylcholanthrene, pyrazole, and beta-ionone in rat tissues Braz J Med Biol Res 2003 36 839 44
287. Rogers LK Moorthy B Smith CV Acetaminophen binds to mouse hepatic and renal DNA at human therapeutic doses Chem Res Toxicol 1997 10 470 76
288. Sabourin PJ Tynes RE Philpot RM Winquist S Dahl AR Distribution of microsomal monooxygenases in the rabbit respiratory tract Drug Metab Disp 1988 16 557 62
289. Saracci R Kogevinas M Bertazzi PA Bueno de Mesquita BH Coggon D Green LM Kauppinen T L’Abbe KA Littorin M Lynge E Cancer mortality in workers exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols Lancet 1991 338 1027 32
290. Sasaki YF Nishidate E Su YQ Matsusaka N Tsuda S Susa N Furukawa Y Ueno S Organ-specific genotoxicity of the potent rodent bladder carcinogens o-anisidine and p-cresidine Mutat Res 1998 412 155 60
291. Schiffman SS Gatlin CA Clinical physiology of taste and smell Annu Rev Nutr 1993 13 405 36
292. Schuller HM Nasal cavity carcinogenesis by N-nitrosamines: a critical appraisal Mutat Res 1997 380 13 18
293. Schwartz-Levey M Chikaraishi DM Kauer JS Characterization of potential precursor populations in the mouse olfactory epithelium using immunocytochemistry and autoradiography J Neurosci 1991 11 3556 64
294. Schwerer MJ Sailer A Kraft K Baczako K Maier H Differentiation-related p53 protein expression in nondysplastic sinonasal inverted papillomas Am J Rhinol 2001 15 347 51
295. Sheng J Guo J Hua Z Caggana M Ding X Characterization of human CYP2G genes: widespread loss-of-function mutations and genetic polymorphism Pharmacogenetics 2000 10 667 78
296. Shipley MT Transport of molecules from nose to brain: transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium Brain Res Bull 1985 15 129 42
297. Short CR Joseph M Hardy ML Covalent binding of [14C]-2,6-dimethylaniline to DNA of rat liver and ethmoid turbinate J Tox Environ Health 1989 27 85 94
298. Simpson SA Alexander DJ Reed CJ Induction of heat shock protein 70 in rat olfactory epithelium by toxic chemicals: in vitro and in vivo studies Arch Toxicol 2005 79 224 30
299. Skordos KW Skiles GL Laycock JD Lanza DL Yost GS Evidence supporting the formation of 2,3-epoxy-3-methylindoline: a reactive intermediate of the pneumotoxin 3methylindole Chem Res Toxicol 1998 11 741 49
300. Snyder R Hedli CC An overview of benzene metabolism Environ Health Perspect 1996 104 Suppl 6 1165 71
301. Storer RD French JE Haseman J Hajian G LeGrand EK Long GG Mixson LA Ochoa R Sagartz JE Soper KA P53+/− hemizygous knockout mouse: overview of available data Toxicol Pathol 2001 29 Suppl 30 50
302. Stott WT McKenna MJ Hydrolysis of several glycol ether acetates and acrylate esters by nasal mucosal carboxylesterase in vitro Fundam Appl Toxicol 1985 5 399 404
303. Sturla SJ Scott J Lao Y Hecht SS Villalta PW Mass spectrometric analysis of relative levels of pyridyloxobutylation adducts formed in the reaction of DNA with a chemically activated form of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Chem Res Toxicol 2005 18 1048 55
304. Su T Bao Z Zhang QY Smith TJ Hong JY Ding X Human cytochrome P450 CYP2A13: predominant expression in the respiratory tract and its high efficiency metabolic activation of a tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Cancer Res 2000 60 5074 79
305. Sugimura T Nagao M Wakabayashi K How we should deal with unavoidable exposure of man to environmental mutagens: cooked food mutagen discovery, facts and lessons for cancer prevention Mutat Res 2000 447 15 25
306. Tam YK Ke J Coutts RT Wyse DG Gray MR Quantification of three lidocaine metabolites and their conjugates Pharm Res 1990 7 504 07
307. Tannenbaum SR Bishop W Yu MC Henderson BE Attempts to isolate N-nitroso compounds from Chinese-style salted fish Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1985 69 209 11
308. Thorgeirsson UP Dalgard DW Reeves J Adamson RH Tumor incidence in a chemical carcinogenesis study of nonhuman primates Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1994 19 130 51
309. Thornton-Manning JR Dahl AR Metabolic capacity of nasal tissue interspecies comparisons of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes Mutat Res 1997 380 43 59
310. Timmer W Leclerc V Birraux G Neuhauser M Hatzelmann A Bethke T Wurst W The new phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast is efficacious in exercise-induced asthma and leads to suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-α ex vivo J Clin Pharmacol 2002 42 297 303
311. Tjälve H Henriksson J Tallkvist J Larsson BS Lindquist NG Uptake of manganese and cadmium from the nasal mucosa into the central nervous system via olfactory pathways in rats Pharmacol Toxicol 1996 79 347 56
312. Trushin N Rivenson A Hecht SS Evidence supporting the role of DNA pyridyloxobutylation in rat nasal carcinogenesis by tobacco-specific nitrosamines Cancer Res 1994 54 1205 11
313. Turk MA Flory W Henk WG Chemical modulation of 3-methylindole toxicosis in mice: effect on bronchiolar and olfactory mucosal injury Vet Pathol 1986 23 563 70
314. Turk MA Henk WG Flory W 3-Methylindole-induced nasal mucosal damage in mice Vet Pathol 1987 24 400 403
315. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 2 2005 〈http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccl/ccl2.list.html〉
316. Umemura T Tokumo K Williams GM Cell proliferation induced in the kidneys and livers of rats and mice by short term exposure to the carcinogen p-dichlorobenzene Arch Toxicol 1992 66 503 07
317. Uraih LC Maronpot RR Normal histology of the nasal cavity and application of special techniques Environ Health Perspect 1990 85 187 208
318. Uryu H Oda Y Shiratsuchi H Oda S Yamamoto H Komune S Tsuneyoshi M Microsatellite instability and proliferating activity in sinonasal carcinoma: molecular genetic and immunohistochemical comparison with oral squamous cell carcinoma Oncol Rep 2005 14 1133 42
319. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pesticides 1997 〈http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/foia/reviews.htm〉.
320. Valavanis C Souliotis VL Kyrtopoulos SA Differential effects of procarbazine and methylnitrosourea on the accumulation of O6-methylguanine and the depletion and recovery of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in rat tissues Carcinogenesis 1994 15 1681 88
321. Venkatakrishnan K von Moltke LL Greenblatt DJ Human cytochromes P450 mediating phenacetin O-deethylation in vitro: validation of the high affinity component as an index of CYP1A2 activity J Pharm Sci 1998 87 1502 07
322. Wang H Chanas B Ghanayem BI Effect of methacrylonitrile on cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression in male F344 rats J Toxicol Environ Health A 2002 65 523 37
323. Wang H Lanza DL Yost GS Cloning and expression of CYP2F3, a cytochrome P450 that bioactivates the selective pneumotoxins 3-methylindole and naphthalene Arch Biochem Biophys 1998 349 329 40
324. Ward EM Sabbioni G DeBord DG Teass AW Brown KK Talaska GG Roberts DR Ruder AM Streicher RP Monitoring of aromatic amine exposures in workers at a chemical plant with a known bladder cancer excess J Natl Cancer Inst 1996 88 1046 52
325. Ward JM Uno H Kurata Y Weghorst CM Jang JJ Cell proliferation not associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. [Review] Environ Health Perspect 1993 101 Suppl 5 125 35
326. Weisburger EK Russfield AB Homburger F Weisburger JH Boger E Van Dongen CG Chu KC Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1978 2 325 56
327. Weiss LD Generalovich T Heller MB Paris PM Stewart RD Kaplan RM Thompson DR Methemoglobin levels following intravenous lidocaine administration Ann Emerg Med 1987 16 323 25
328. Wenke G Rivenson A Hoffmann D A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. 3. 3-(Methylnitrosamino)-propionitrile, a powerful carcinogen in F344 rats Carcinogenesis 1984 5 1137 40
329. Whysner J Verna L English JC Williams GM Analysis of studies related to tumorigenicity induced by hydroquinone Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 1995 21 158 76
330. Wiethoff AJ Harkema JR Koretsky AP Brown WE Identification of mucosal injury in the murine nasal airways by magnetic resonance imaging: site-specific lesions induced by 3-methylindole Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001 175 68 75
331. Williams GM Furuya K Distinction between liver neoplasm promoting and syncarcinogenic effects demonstrated by exposure to phenobarbital or diethylnitrosamine either before or after N-2-fluorenylacetamide Carcinogenesis 1984 5 171 74
332. Williams GM Iatropoulos MJ Principles of testing for carcinogenic activity Principles & Methods of Toxicology 2001 New York Taylor & Francis 959 1000
333. Williams GM Iatropoulos MJ Jeffrey AM Mechanistic basis for nonlinearities and thresholds in rat liver carcinogenesis by the DNA-reactive carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene and diethylnitrosamine Toxicol Pathol 2000 28 388 95
334. Williams GM Iatropoulos MJ Jeffrey AM Shirai T Protective effect of acetaminophen against colon cancer initiation effects of 3,2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl in rats Eur J Cancer Prev 2002 11 39 48
335. Williams GM Laspia MF The detection of various nitrosamines in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test Cancer Lett 1979 6 199 206
336. Williams GM Mori H McQueen CA Structure-activity relationships in the rat hepatocyte DNA-repair test for 300 chemicals Mutat Res 1989 221 263 86
337. Wishart DS Knox C Guo AC Shrivastava S Hassanali M Stothard P Chang Z Woolsey J DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration Nucleic Acids Res 2006 34 D668 D672
338. Wong HL Murphy SE Hecht SS Preferential metabolic activation of N-nitrosopiperidine as compared to its structural homologue N-nitrosopyrrolidine by rat nasal mucosal microsomes Chem Res Toxicol 2003 16 1298 1305
339. Wong HL Zhang X Zhang QY Gu J Ding X Hecht SS Murphy SE Metabolic activation of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by cytochrome P450 2A13 in human fetal nasal microsomes Chem Res Toxicol 2005 18 913 18
340. Xu W Slotnick B Olfaction and peripheral olfactory connections in methimazole-treated rats Behav Brain Res 1999 102 41 50
341. Yin SN Hayes RB Linet MS Li GL Dosemeci M Travis LB Li CY Zhang ZN Li DG Chow WH Wacholder S Wang YZ Jiang ZL Dai TR Zhang WY Chao XJ Ye PZ Kou QR Zhang XC Lin XF Meng JF Ding CY Zho JS Blot WJ A cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China: overall results Am J Ind Med 1996 29 227 35
342. Yokose T Doy M Taniguchi T Shimada T Kakiki M Horie T Matsuzaki Y Mukai K Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P450 2C and 3A in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues Virchows Arch 1999 434 401 411
343. Yoshimi N Sugie S Iwata H Niwa K Mori H Hashida C Shimizu H The genotoxicity of a variety of aniline derivatives in a DNA repair test with primary cultured rat hepatocytes Mutat Res 1988 206 183 91
344. Yu MC Nichols PW Zou XN Estes J Henderson BE Induction of malignant nasal cavity tumours in Wistar rats fed Chinese salted fish Br J Cancer 1989 60 198 201
345. Yu TT McIntyre JC Bose SC Hardin D Owen MC Mc-Clintock TS Differentially expressed transcripts from phenotypically identified olfactory sensory neurons J Comp Neurol 2005 483 251 62
346. Yuan JM Wang XL Xiang YB Gao YT Ross RK Yu MC Preserved foods in relation to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Shanghai, China Int J Cancer 2000 85 358 63
347. Zhang X Firestein S The olfactory receptor gene superfamily of the mouse Nat Neurosci 2002 5 124 33
348. Zhang X Zhang QY Liu D Su T Weng Y Ling G Chen Y Gu J Schilling B Ding X Expression of cytochrome p450 and other biotransformation genes in fetal and adult human nasal mucosa Drug Metab Dispos 2005 33 1423 28
349. Zheng W Blot WJ Shu XO Diamond EL Gao YT Ji BT Fraumeni JF Jr A population-based case-control study of cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in Shanghai Int J Cancer 1992 52 557 61
350. Zheng X Luo Y Christensson B Drettner B Induction of nasal and nasopharyngeal tumours in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with Chinese salted fish Acta Otolaryngol 1994 114 98 104
351. Zhuo X Gu J Behr MJ Swiatek PJ Cui H Zhang QY Xie Y Collins DN Ding X Targeted disruption of the olfactory mucosa-specific Cyp2g1 gene: impact on acetaminophen toxicity in the lateral nasal gland, and tissue-selective effects on Cyp2a5 expression J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004 308 719 28
352. Zhuo X Gu J Zhang QY Spink DC Kaminsky LS Ding X Biotransformation of coumarin by rodent and human cytochromes P-450: metabolic basis of tissue-selective toxicity in olfactory mucosa of rats and mice J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999 288 463 71