The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the study of appetite and obesity

Appetite and Food Intake: Central Control, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 117-134

  Neseliler, Selin ^a   Han, Jung Eun ^a   Dagher, Alain ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85049978007     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781315120171     Document Type: Chapter

References (137)

1. Allan, J.L., M. Johnston, and N. Campbell, 2010. Unintentional eating. What determines goal-incongruent chocolate consumption? Appetite 54, 422-425.
2. Allan, J.L., M. Johnston, and N. Campbell, 2011. Missed by an inch or a mile? Predicting the size of intention-behaviour gap from measures of executive control. Psychol Health 26, 635-650.
3. Allom, V. and B. Mullan, 2014. Individual differences in executive function predict distinct eating behaviours. Appetite 80, 123-130.
4. Aotani, D., K. Ebihara, N. Sawamoto, T. Kusakabe, M. Aizawa-Abe, S. Kataoka, T. Sakai, H. Iogawa, C. Ebihara, J. Fujikura et al., 2012. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of food-related brain activity in patients with lipodystrophy undergoing leptin replacement therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97, 3663-3671.
5. De Araujo, I.E. and E.T. Rolls, 2004. Representation in the human brain of food texture and oral fat. J Neurosci 24, 3086-3093.
6. De Araujo, I.E., P. Geha, and D.M. Small, 2012. Orosensory and Homeostatic Functions of the Insular Taste Cortex. Chemosens Percept 5, 64-79.
7. De Araujo, I.E., T. Lin, M.G. Veldhuizen, and D.M. Small, 2013. Metabolic regulation of brain response to food cues. Curr Biol CB 23, 878-883.
8. Baicy, K., E.D. London, J. Monterosso, M-L. Wong, T. Delibasi, A. Sharma, and J. Licinio, 2007. Leptin replacement alters brain response to food cues in genetically leptin-deficient adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 18276-18279.
9. Balleine, B.W. and A. Dickinson, 2000. The effect of lesions of the insular cortex on instrumental conditioning: Evidence for a role in incentive memory. J Neurosci 20, 8954-8964.
10. Bartra, O., J.T. McGuire, and J.W. Kable, 2013. The valuation system: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of BOLD fMRI experiments examining neural correlates of subjective value. NeuroImage 76, 412-427.
11. Batterink, L., S. Yokum, and E. Stice, 2010. Body mass correlates inversely with inhibitory control in response to food among adolescent girls: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 52, 1696-1703.
12. Baxter, M.G. and E.A. Murray, 2002. The amygdala and reward. Nat Rev Neurosci 3, 563-573.
13. Begg, D.P. and S.C. Woods, 2013. The endocrinology of food intake. Nat Rev Endocrinol 9, 584-597.
14. Bender, G., M.G. Veldhuizen, J.A. Meltzer, D.R. Gitelman, and D.M. Small, 2009. Neural correlates of evaluative compared with passive tasting. Eur J Neurosci 30, 327-338.
15. Berridge, K.C., 2006. The debate over dopamine’s role in reward: The case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191, 391-431.
16. Berridge, K.C., C.Y. Ho, J.M. Richard, and A.G. Difeliceantonio, 2010. The tempted brain eats: Pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders. Brain Res 1350: 43-64.
17. Bragulat, V., M. Dzemidzic, C. Bruno, C.A. Cox, T. Talavage, R.V. Considine, and D.A. Kareken, 2010. Food-related odor probes of brain reward circuits during hunger: A pilot fMRI study. Obesity 18, 1566-1571.
18. Brooks, S.J., J. Cedernaes, and H.B. Schiöth, 2013. Increased prefrontal and parahippocampal activation with reduced dorsolateral prefrontal and insular cortex activation to food images in obesity: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. PloS One 8, e60393.
19. Carnell, S., C. Gibson, L. Benson, C.N. Ochner, and A. Geliebter, 2012. Neuroimaging and obesity: Current knowledge and future directions. Obes Rev 13, 43-56.
20. Carnell, S., L. Benson, S.P. Pantazatos, J. Hirsch, and A. Geliebter, 2014. Amodal brain activation and functional connectivity in response to high-energy-density food cues in obesity. Obesity 22: 2370-2378.
21. Clithero, J.A. and A. Rangel, 2014. Informatic parcellation of the network involved in the computation of subjective value. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 9, 1289-1302.
22. Coveleskie, K., A. Gupta, L.A. Kilpatrick, E.D. Mayer, C. Ashe-McNalley, J. Stains, J.S. Labus, and E.A. Mayer, 2015. Altered functional connectivity within the central reward network in overweight and obese women. Nutr Diabetes 5, e148.
23. Dagher, A., 2009. The neurobiology of appetite: Hunger as addiction. Int J Obes 33, S30-S33.
24. Dagher, A., 2012. Functional brain imaging of appetite. Trends Endocrinol Metab 23, 250-260.
25. Davidson, T.L., S.E. Kanoski, L.A. Schier, D.J. Clegg, and S.C. Benoit, 2007. A potential role for the hippocampus in energy intake and body weight regulation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7, 613-616.
26. Davis, J.F., D.L. Choi, and S.C. Benoit, 2010. Insulin, leptin and reward. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21, 68-74.
27. De Silva, A., V. Salem, C.J. Long, A. Makwana, R.D. Newbould, E.A. Rabiner, M.A. Ghatei, S.R. Bloom, P.M. Matthews, J.D. Beaver et al., 2011. The gut hormones PYY 3-36 and GLP-1 7-36 amide reduce food intake and modulate brain activity in appetite centers in humans. Cell Metab 14, 700-706.
28. DelParigi, A., K. Chen, A.D. Salbe, J.O. Hill, R.R. Wing, E.M. Reiman, and P.A. Tataranni, 2004. Persistence of abnormal neural responses to a meal in postobese individuals. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28, 370-377.
29. Demos, K.E., T.F. Heatherton, and W.M. Kelley, 2012. Individual differences in nucleus accumbens activity to food and sexual images predict weight gain and sexual behavior. J Neurosci 32, 5549-5552.
30. Dimitropoulos, A., J. Tkach, A. Ho, and J. Kennedy, 2012. Greater corticolimbic activation to high-calorie food cues after eating in obese vs. normal-weight adults. Appetite 58, 303-312.
31. Farooqi, I.S., E. Bullmore, J. Keogh, J. Gillard, S. O’Rahilly, and P.C. Fletcher, 2007. Leptin regulates striatal regions and human eating behavior. Science 317, 1355.
32. Farr, O.M., C. Fiorenza, P. Papageorgiou, M. Brinkoetter, F. Ziemke, B.-B. Koo, R. Rojas, and C.S. Mantzoros, 2014. Leptin therapy alters appetite and neural responses to food stimuli in brain areas of leptin sensitive subjects without altering brain structure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: E2529-E2538.
33. Fitzpatrick, S., S. Gilbert, and L. Serpell, 2013. Systematic Review: are overweight and obese individuals impaired on behavioural tasks of executive functioning? Neuropsychol Rev 23, 138-156.
34. Frankort, A., A. Roefs, N. Siep, A. Roebroeck, R. Havermans, and A. Jansen, 2015. Neural predictors of chocolate intake following chocolate exposure. Appetite 87, 98-107.
35. Gardner, M.P.H. and A. Fontanini, 2014. Encoding and tracking of outcome-specific expectancy in the gustatory cortex of alert rats. J Neurosci 34, 13000-13017.
36. Giuliani, N.R., T. Mann, A.J. Tomiyama, and E.T. Berkman, 2014. Neural systems underlying the reappraisal of personally craved foods. J Cogn Neurosci 26, 1390-1402.
37. Goldman, R.L., M. Canterberry, J.J. Borckardt, A. Madan, T.K. Byrne, M.S. George, P.M. O’Neil, and C.A. Hanlon, 2013. Executive control circuitry differentiates degree of success in weight loss following gastric-bypass surgery. Obesity 21, 2189-2196.
38. Goldstone, A.P., C.G. Prechtl de Hernandez, J.D. Beaver, K. Muhammed, C. Croese, G. Bell, G. Durighel, E. Hughes, A.D. Waldman, G. Frost et al., 2009. Fasting biases brain reward systems towards high-calorie foods. Eur J Neurosci 30, 1625-1635.
39. Goldstone, A.P., C.G. Prechtl, S. Scholtz, A.D. Miras, N. Chhina, G. Durighel, S.S. Deliran, C. Beckmann, M.A. Ghatei, D.R. Ashby et al., 2014. Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food. Am J Clin Nutr 99, 1319-1330.
40. Gottfried, J.A., J. O’Doherty, and R.J. Dolan, 2003. Encoding predictive reward value in human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Science 301, 1104-1107.
41. Grabenhorst, F., F.P. Schulte, S. Maderwald, and M. Brand, 2013. Food labels promote healthy choices by a decision bias in the amygdala. NeuroImage 74, 152-163.
42. Grosshans, M., C. Vollmert, S. Vollstädt-Klein, H. Tost, S. Leber, P. Bach, M. Bühler, C. von der Goltz, J. Mutschler, S. Loeber et al., 2012. Association of leptin with food cueinduced activation in human reward pathways. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69, 529-537.
43. Guerrieri, R., C. Nederkoorn, and A. Jansen, 2007. How impulsiveness and variety influence food intake in a sample of healthy women. Appetite 48, 119-122.
44. Guerrieri, R., C. Nederkoorn, and A. Jansen, 2008. The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: Its influence on food intake and overweight. Int J Obes 32, 708-714.
45. Guthoff, M., Y. Grichisch, C. Canova, O. Tschritter, R. Veit, M. Hallschmid, H.-U. Häring, H. Preissl, A.M. Hennige, and A. Fritsche, 2010. Insulin modulates food-related activity in the central nervous system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95, 748-755.
46. Haber, S.N., 2011. Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
47. Haber, S.N. and T.E.J. Behrens, 2014. The neural network underlying incentive-based learning: Implications for interpreting circuit disruptions in psychiatric disorders. Neuron 83, 1019-1039.
48. Hall, P.A., G.T. Fong, L.J. Epp, and L.J. Elias, 2008. Executive function moderates the intention-behavior link for physical activity and dietary behavior. Psychol Health 23, 309-326.
49. Hare, T.A., C.F. Camerer, and A. Rangel, 2009. Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system. Science 324, 646-648.
50. Hare, T.A., J. Malmaud, and A. Rangel, 2011. Focusing attention on the health aspects of foods changes value signals in vmPFC and improves dietary choice. J Neurosci 31, 11077-11087.
51. Hays, N.P. and S.B. Roberts, 2008. Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in women. Obesity 16, 52-58.
52. He, Q., L. Xiao, G. Xue, S. Wong, S.L. Ames, S.M. Schembre, and A. Bechara, 2014. Poor ability to resist tempting calorie rich food is linked to altered balance between neural systems involved in urge and self-control. Nutr J 13, 92.
53. Henderson, L.A. and V.G. Macefield, 2013. Functional imaging of the human brainstem during somatosensory input and autonomic output. Front Hum Neurosci 7, 569.
54. Hofmann, W., W. Rauch, and B. Gawronski, 2007. And deplete us not into temptation: Automatic attitudes, dietary restraint, and self-regulatory resources as determinants of eating behavior. J Exp Soc Psychol 43, 497-504.
55. Hollmann, M., L. Hellrung, B. Pleger, H. Schlögl, S. Kabisch, M. Stumvoll, A. Villringer, and A. Horstmann, 2012. Neural correlates of the volitional regulation of the desire for food. Int J Obes 36, 648-655.
56. Huerta, C.I., P.R. Sarkar, T.Q. Duong, A.R. Laird, and P.T. Fox, 2014. Neural bases of food perception: Coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies in multiple modalities. Obesity 22, 1439-1446.
57. Jansen, A., N. Theunissen, K. Slechten, C. Nederkoorn, B. Boon, S. Mulkens, and A. Roefs, 2003. Overweight children overeat after exposure to food cues. Eat Behav 4, 197-209.
58. Jasinska, A.J., M. Yasuda, C.F. Burant, N. Gregor, S. Khatri, M. Sweet, and E.B. Falk, 2012. Impulsivity and inhibitory control deficits are associated with unhealthy eating in young adults. Appetite 59, 738-747.
59. Jastreboff, A.M., R. Sinha, C. Lacadie, D.M. Small, R.S. Sherwin, and M.N. Potenza, 2013. Neural correlates of stress- and food cue-induced food craving in obesity: Association with insulin levels. Diabetes Care 36, 394-402.
60. Jensen, C.D. and C.B. Kirwan, 2015. Functional brain response to food images in successful adolescent weight losers compared with normal-weight and overweight controls. Obesity 23, 630-636.
61. Johnson, F., M. Pratt, and J. Wardle, 2012. Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior. Int J Obes 36, 665-674.
62. Jones, R.B., S. McKie, N. Astbury, T.J. Little, S. Tivey, D.J. Lassman, J. McLaughlin, S. Luckman, S.R. Williams, G.J. Dockray et al., 2012. Functional neuroimaging demonstrates that ghrelin inhibits the central nervous system response to ingested lipid. Gut 61, 1543-1551.
63. Kouneiher, F., S. Charron, and E. Koechlin, 2009. Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 12: 939-945.
64. Kringelbach, M.L., J. O’Doherty, E.T. Rolls, and C. Andrews, 2003. Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness. Cereb Cortex 13, 1064-1071.
65. Kroemer, N.B., L. Krebs, A. Kobiella, O. Grimm, M. Pilhatsch, M. Bidlingmaier, U.S. Zimmermann, and M.N. Smolka, 2013b. Fasting levels of ghrelin covary with the brain response to food pictures. Addict Biol 18, 855-862.
66. Kroemer, N.B., L. Krebs, A. Kobiella, O. Grimm, S. Vollstädt-Klein, U. Wolfensteller, R. Kling, M. Bidlingmaier, U.S. Zimmermann, and M.N. Smolka, 2013a. (Still) longing for food: Insulin reactivity modulates response to food pictures. Hum Brain Mapp 34, 2367-2380.
67. Kullmann, S., M. Heni, A. Fritsche, and H. Preissl, 2015. Insulin action in the human brain: Evidence from neuroimaging studies. J Neuroendocrinol 27, 419-423.
68. Kullmann, S., M. Heni, K. Linder, S. Zipfel, H.-U. Häring, R. Veit, A. Fritsche, and H. Preissl, 2014. Resting-state functional connectivity of the human hypothalamus. Hum Brain Mapp 35, 6088-6096.
69. Kullmann, S., M. Heni, R. Veit, C. Ketterer, F. Schick, H.-U. Häring, A. Fritsche, and H. Preissl, 2012. The obese brain: Association of body mass index and insulin sensitivity with resting state network functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 33, 1052-1061.
70. Kusumoto-Yoshida, I., H. Liu, B.T. Chen, A. Fontanini, and A. Bonci, 2015. Central role for the insular cortex in mediating conditioned responses to anticipatory cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112, 1190-1195.
71. Kwong, K.K., J.W. Belliveau, D.A. Chesler, I.E. Goldberg, R.M. Weisskoff, B.P. Poncelet, D.N. Kennedy, B.E. Hoppel, M.S. Cohen, and R. Turner, 1992. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89, 5675-5679.
72. Van der Laan, L.N., D.T.D. de Ridder, M. Viergever, and P.M. Smeets, 2011. The first taste is always with the eyes: A meta-analysis on the neural correlates of processing visual food cues. NeuroImage 55, 296-303.
73. Labouebe, G., S. Liu, C. Dias, H. Zou, J.C.Y. Wong, S. Karunakaran, S.M. Clee, A.G. Phillips, B. Boutrel, and S.L. Borgland, 2013. Insulin induces long-term depression of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via endocannabinoids. Nat Neurosci 16, 300-308.
74. Lassman, D.J., S. McKie, L.J. Gregory, S. Lal, M. D’Amato, I. Steele, A. Varro, G.J. Dockray, S.C.R. Williams, and D.G. Thompson, 2010. Defining the role of cholecystokinin in the lipid-induced human brain activation matrix. Gastroenterology 138, 1514-1524.
75. Lawrence, N.S., E.C. Hinton, J.A. Parkinson, and A.D. Lawrence, 2012. Nucleus accumbens response to food cues predicts subsequent snack consumption in women and increased body mass index in those with reduced self-control. NeuroImage 63, 415-422.
76. Le, D.S.N.T., K. Chen, N. Pannacciulli, M. Gluck, E.M. Reiman, and J. Krakoff, 2009. Reanalysis of the obesity-related attenuation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex response to a satiating meal using gyral regions-of-interest. J Am Coll Nutr 28, 667-673.
77. Levitsky, D.A. and T. Youn, 2004. The more food young adults are served, the more they overeat. J Nutr 134, 2546-2549.
78. Li, J., An, R., Y. Zhang, X. Li, and S. Wang, 2012. Correlations of macronutrient-induced functional magnetic resonance imaging signal changes in human brain and gut hormone responses. Am J Clin Nutr 96, 275-282.
79. Little, T.J., S. McKie, R.B. Jones, M. D’Amato, C. Smith, O. Kiss, D.G. Thompson, and J.T. McLaughlin, 2014. Mapping glucose-mediated gut-to-brain signalling pathways in humans. NeuroImage 96, 1-11.
80. Lopez, R.B., W. Hofmann, D.D. Wagner, W.M. Kelley, and T.F. Heatherton, 2014. Neural predictors of giving in to temptation in daily life. Psychol Sci 25, 1337-1344.
81. Luo, S., J.R. Monterosso, K. Sarpelleh, and K.A. Page, 2015. Differential effects of fructose versus glucose on brain and appetitive responses to food cues and decisions for food rewards. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112, 6509-6514.
82. Mahler, S.V. and K.C. Berridge, 2011. What and when to “want”? Amygdala-based focusing of incentive salience upon sugar and sex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 221, 407-426.
83. Malhotra, A., T. Noakes, and S. Phinney, 2015. It is time to bust the myth of physical inactivity and obesity: You cannot outrun a bad diet. Br J Sports Med 49: 967-968.
84. Malik, S., F. McGlone, D. Bedrossian, and A. Dagher, 2008. Ghrelin modulates brain activity in areas that control appetitive behavior. Cell Metab 7, 400-409.
85. Mehta, S., S.J. Melhorn, A. Smeraglio, V. Tyagi, T. Grabowski, M.W. Schwartz, and E.A. Schur, 2012. Regional brain response to visual food cues is a marker of satiety that predicts food choice. Am J Clin Nutr 96, 989-999.
86. Mendez, M.F., E.A. Licht, and J.S. Shapira, 2008. Changes in dietary or eating behavior in frontotemporal dementia versus Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 23, 280-285.
87. Morton, G.J., D.E. Cummings, D.G. Baskin, G.S. Barsh, and M.W. Schwartz, 2006. Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight. Nature 443, 289-295.
88. Morton, G.J., T.H. Meek, and M.W. Schwartz, 2014. Neurobiology of food intake in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 15, 367-378.
89. Müller, T.D., R. Nogueiras, M.L. Andermann, Z.B. Andrews, S.D. Anker, J. Argente, R.L. Batterham, S.C. Benoit, C.Y. Bowers, F. Broglio et al., 2015. Ghrelin. Mol Metab 4, 437-460.
90. Murdaugh, D.L., J.E. Cox, E.W. Cook, and R.E. Weller, 2012. fMRI reactivity to high-calorie food pictures predicts short- and long-term outcome in a weight-loss program. NeuroImage 59, 2709-2721.
91. Nederkoorn, C., K. Houben, W. Hofmann, A. Roefs, and A. Jansen, 2010. Control yourself or just eat what you like? Weight gain over a year is predicted by an interactive effect of response inhibition and implicit preference for snack foods. Health Psychol 29, 389-393.
92. Nitschke, J.B., G.E. Dixon, I. Sarinopoulos, S.J. Short, J.D. Cohen, E.E. Smith, S.M. Kosslyn, R.M. Rose, and R.J. Davidson, 2006. Altering expectancy dampens neural response to aversive taste in primary taste cortex. Nat Neurosci 9, 435-442.
93. Ojemann, J.G., E. Akbudak, A.Z. Snyder, R.C. McKinstry, M.E. Raichle, and T.E. Conturo, 1997. Anatomic localization and quantitative analysis of gradient refocused echo-planar fMRI susceptibility artifacts. NeuroImage 6, 156-167.
94. Pelchat, M.L., A. Johnson, R. Chan, J. Valdez, and J.D. Ragland, 2004. Images of desire: Food-craving activation during fMRI. NeuroImage 23, 1486-1493.
95. Piette, C.E., M.A. Baez-Santiago, E.E. Reid, D.B. Katz, and A. Moran, 2012. Inactivation of basolateral amygdala specifically eliminates palatability-related information in cortical sensory responses. J Neurosci 32, 9981-9991.
96. Piguet, O., 2011. Eating disturbance in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia. J Mol Neurosci 45, 589-593.
97. Plassmann, H., J. O’Doherty, and A. Rangel, 2007. Orbitofrontal cortex encodes willingness to pay in everyday economic transactions. J Neurosci 27, 9984-9988.
98. Purnell, J.Q., B.A. Klopfenstein, A.A. Stevens, P.J. Havel, S.H. Adams, T.N. Dunn, C. Krisky, and W.D. Rooney, 2011. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging response to glucose and fructose infusions in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 13: 229-234.
99. Pursey, K.M., P. Stanwell, R.J. Callister, K. Brain, C.E. Collins, and T.L. Burrows, 2014. Neural responses to visual food cues according to weight status: A systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Front Nutr 1, 7.
100. Rangel, A., 2013. Regulation of dietary choice by the decision-making circuitry. Nat Neurosci 16, 1717-1724.
101. Rothemund, Y., C. Preuschhof, G. Bohner, H.-C. Bauknecht, R. Klingebiel, H. Flor, and B.F. Klapp, 2007. Differential activation of the dorsal striatum by high-calorie visual food stimuli in obese individuals. NeuroImage 37, 410-421.
102. Rudenga, K.J., R. Sinha, and D.M. Small, 2012. Acute stress potentiates brain response to milkshake as a function of body weight and chronic stress. Int J Obes. 37, 309-316.
103. Salem, V. and W.S. Dhillo, 2015. Imaging in endocrinology: The use of functional MRI to study the endocrinology of appetite. Eur J Endocrinol 173, R59-R68.
104. Siep, N., A. Roefs, A. Roebroeck, R. Havermans, M. Bonte, and A. Jansen, 2012. Fighting food temptations: The modulating effects of short-term cognitive reappraisal, suppression and up-regulation on mesocorticolimbic activity related to appetitive motivation. NeuroImage 60, 213-220.
105. Simmons, W.K., K.M. Rapuano, S.J. Kallman, J.E. Ingeholm, B. Miller, S.J. Gotts, J.A. Avery, K.D. Hall, and A. Martin, 2013. Category-specific integration of homeostatic signals in caudal but not rostral human insula. Nat Neurosci 16, 1551-1552.
106. Small, D.M., 2010. Taste representation in the human insula. Brain Struct Funct 214, 551-561.
107. Small, D.M., M.D. Gregory, Y.E. Mak, D. Gitelman, M.M. Mesulam, and T. Parrish, 2003. Dissociation of neural representation of intensity and affective valuation in human gustation. Neuron 39, 701-711.
108. Small, D.M. and J. Prescott, 2005. Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor. Exp Brain Res 166, 345-357.
109. Small, D.M., R.J. Zatorre, A. Dagher, A.C. Evans, and M. Jones-Gotman, 2001. Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate: from pleasure to aversion. Brain J Neurol 124, 1720-1733.
110. Smeets, P.A.M., C. de Graaf, A. Stafleu, M.J.P. van Osch, and J. van der Grond, 2005. Functional MRI of human hypothalamic responses following glucose ingestion. NeuroImage 24, 363-368.
111. Smeets, P.A.M., C. de Graaf, A. Stafleu, M.J.P. van Osch, R.A.J. Nievelstein, and J. van der Grond, 2006. Effect of satiety on brain activation during chocolate tasting in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 83, 1297-1305.
112. Smeets, P.A.M., F.M. Kroese, C. Evers, and D.T.D. de Ridder, 2013. Allured or alarmed: Counteractive control responses to food temptations in the brain. Behav Brain Res 248, 41-45.
113. Smeets, P.A.M., S. Vidarsdottir, C. de Graaf, A. Stafleu, M.J.P. van Osch, M.A. Viergever, H. Pijl, and J. van der Grond, 2007. Oral glucose intake inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity more effectively than glucose infusion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293, E754-E758.
114. Stice, E., S. Yokum, K.S. Burger, L.H. Epstein, and D.M. Small, 2011. Youth at risk for obesity show greater activation of striatal and somatosensory regions to food. J Neurosci 31, 4360-4366.
115. Stoeckel, L.E., R.E. Weller, E.W. Cook, D.B. Twieg, R.C. Knowlton, and J.E. Cox, 2008. Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of highcalorie foods. NeuroImage 41, 636-647.
116. Sun, X., N.B. Kroemer, M.G. Veldhuizen, A.E. Babbs, I.E. de Araujo, D.R. Gitelman, R.S. Sherwin, R. Sinha, and D.M. Small, 2015. Basolateral Amygdala Response to Food Cues in the Absence of Hunger Is Associated with Weight Gain Susceptibility. J Neurosci 35, 7964-7976.
117. Tang, D.W., L.K. Fellows, D.M. Small, and A. Dagher, 2012. Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Physiol Behav 106, 317-324.
118. Tang, D.W., L.K. Fellows, and A. Dagher, 2014. Behavioral and neural valuation of foods is driven by implicit knowledge of caloric content. Psychol Sci 25, 2168-2176.
119. Thomas, J.M., S. Higgs, C.T. Dourish, P.C. Hansen, C.J. Harmer, and C. McCabe, 2015. Satiation attenuates BOLD activity in brain regions involved in reward and increases activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: An fMRI study in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 101, 697-704.
120. Tryon, M.S., C.S. Carter, R. Decant, and K.D. Laugero, 2013. Chronic stress exposure may affect the brain’s response to high calorie food cues and predispose to obesogenic eating habits. Physiol Behav 120, 233-242.
121. Vainik, U., A. Dagher, L. Dubé, and L.K. Fellows, 2013. Neurobehavioural correlates of body mass index and eating behaviours in adults: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37, 279-299.
122. Van Opstal, A.M., A.M. Westerink, W.M. Teeuwisse, M.A.M. van der Geest, E.F. van Furth, and J. van der Grond, 2015. Hypothalamic BOLD response to glucose intake and hypothalamic volume are similar in anorexia nervosa and healthy control subjects. Front Neurosci 9, 159.
123. Veldhuizen, M.G., G. Bender, R.T. Constable, and D.M. Small, 2007. Trying to detect taste in a tasteless solution: Modulation of early gustatory cortex by attention to taste. Chem Senses 32, 569-581.
124. Vohs, K.D. and T.F. Heatherton, 2000. Self-regulatory failure: A resource-depletion approach. Psychol Sci 11, 249-254.
125. Wagner, D.D., M. Altman, R.G. Boswell, W.M. Kelley, and T.F. Heatherton, 2013. Selfregulatory depletion enhances neural responses to rewards and impairs top-down control. Psychol Sci 24, 2262-2271.
126. Wallis, J.D., 2012. Cross-species studies of orbitofrontal cortex and value-based decisionmaking. Nat Neurosci 15, 13-19.
127. Wansink, B. and C.R. Payne, 2008. Eating behavior and obesity at Chinese buffets. Obesity 16, 1957-1960.
128. Wansink, B. and J. Sobal, 2007. Mindless Eating The 200 Daily Food Decisions We Overlook. Environ Behav 39, 106-123.
129. Wansink, B., K. van Ittersum, and J.E. Painter, 2006. Ice cream illusions bowls, spoons, and self-served portion sizes. Am J Prev Med 31, 240-243.
130. Wardle, J., 1990. Conditioning processes and cue exposure in the modification of excessive eating. Addict Behav 15, 387-393.
131. Weygandt, M., K. Mai, E. Dommes, V. Leupelt, K. Hackmack, T. Kahnt, Y. Rothemund, J. Spranger, and J.-D. Haynes, 2013. The role of neural impulse control mechanisms for dietary success in obesity. NeuroImage 83, 669-678.
132. Woods, S., 1991. The eating paradox: How we tolerate food. Psychol Rev 98, 488-505.
133. Woods, S.C., 2009. The control of food intake: Behavioral versus molecular perspectives. Cell Metab 9, 489-498.
134. Yasoshima, Y., H. Yoshizawa, T. Shimura, and T. Miyamoto, 2015. The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala mediates caloric sugar preference over a non-caloric sweetener in mice. Neuroscience 291, 203-215.
135. Yokum, S., J. Ng, and E. Stice, 2011. Attentional bias to food images associated with elevated weight and future weight gain: An FMRI study. Obesity 19, 1775-1783.
136. Zhang, Q., H. Li, and F. Guo, 2011. Amygdala, an important regulator for food intake. Front Biol 6, 82-85.
137. Zheng, H., N.R. Lenard, A.C. Shin, and H.-R. Berthoud, 2009. Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: Reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals. Int J Obes 33 Suppl 2, S8-S13.