메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 12-19

Spaced Repetition Promotes Efficient and Effective Learning: Policy Implications for Instruction

Author keywords

education; learning; research based instructional strategies; spaced distributed practice; testing

Indexed keywords


EID: 85030859663     PISSN: 23727322     EISSN: 23727330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/2372732215624708     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (240)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84875617704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clicker technique: Cultivating efficient teaching and successful learning
    • Anderson L. S., Healy A. F., Kole J. A., Bourne L. E., (2013). The clicker technique: Cultivating efficient teaching and successful learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 222-234
    • (2013) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 222-234
    • Anderson, L.S.1    Healy, A.F.2    Kole, J.A.3    Bourne, L.E.4
  • 3
    • 0001119971 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of knowledge: Questions about memory we forgot to ask
    • Bahrick H. P., (1979). Maintenance of knowledge: Questions about memory we forgot to ask. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 296-308
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.108 , pp. 296-308
    • Bahrick, H.P.1
  • 4
    • 84920659501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is expanded retrieval practice a superior form of spaced retrieval? A critical review of the extant literature
    • Nairne J.S., (ed), New York, NY, Psychological Press, (Ed.), (., -
    • Balota D. A., Duchek J. M., Logan J. M., (2007). Is expanded retrieval practice a superior form of spaced retrieval? A critical review of the extant literature. In Nairne J. S., (Ed.), The foundations of remembering: Essays in honor of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 83-105). New York, NY: Psychological Press
    • (2007) The foundations of remembering: Essays in honor of Henry L. Roediger III , pp. 83-105
    • Balota, D.A.1    Duchek, J.M.2    Logan, J.M.3
  • 5
    • 0039626704 scopus 로고
    • The case for more school days
    • Retrieved from
    • Barrett M., (1990). The case for more school days. The Atlantic Monthly, 266(5), 78-106. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/educatio/barr2f.htm
    • (1990) The Atlantic Monthly , vol.266 , Issue.5 , pp. 78-106
    • Barrett, M.1
  • 7
    • 77957232877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of distributed practice on the acquisition of second language English syntax
    • Bird S., (2010). Effects of distributed practice on the acquisition of second language English syntax. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 635-650
    • (2010) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.31 , pp. 635-650
    • Bird, S.1
  • 8
    • 84875034590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why interleaving enhances inductive learning: The roles of discrimination and retrieval
    • Birnbaum M. S., Kornell N., Bjork E. L., Bjork R. A., (2013). Why interleaving enhances inductive learning: The roles of discrimination and retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 41, 392-402
    • (2013) Memory & Cognition , vol.41 , pp. 392-402
    • Birnbaum, M.S.1    Kornell, N.2    Bjork, E.L.3    Bjork, R.A.4
  • 9
    • 77956538431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated testing produces superior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying
    • Butler A. C., (2010). Repeated testing produces superior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1118-1133
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , vol.36 , pp. 1118-1133
    • Butler, A.C.1
  • 10
  • 12
    • 84865405448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using spacing to enhance diverse forms of learning: Review of recent research and implications for instruction
    • Carpenter S. K., Cepeda N. J., Rohrer D., Kang S. H. K., Pashler H., (2012). Using spacing to enhance diverse forms of learning: Review of recent research and implications for instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 369-378
    • (2012) Educational Psychology Review , vol.24 , pp. 369-378
    • Carpenter, S.K.1    Cepeda, N.J.2    Rohrer, D.3    Kang, S.H.K.4    Pashler, H.5
  • 13
    • 70350298991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using tests to enhance 8th grade students’ retention of U.S. history facts
    • Carpenter S. K., Pashler H., Cepeda N. J., (2009). Using tests to enhance 8th grade students’ retention of U.S. history facts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 760-771
    • (2009) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 760-771
    • Carpenter, S.K.1    Pashler, H.2    Cepeda, N.J.3
  • 15
    • 84897083125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting category learning in order: Category structure and temporal arrangement affect the benefit of interleaved over blocked study
    • Carvalho P. F., Goldstone R. L., (2014). Putting category learning in order: Category structure and temporal arrangement affect the benefit of interleaved over blocked study. Memory & Cognition, 42, 481-495
    • (2014) Memory & Cognition , vol.42 , pp. 481-495
    • Carvalho, P.F.1    Goldstone, R.L.2
  • 17
    • 33744908588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis
    • Cepeda N. J., Pashler H., Vul E., Wixted J. T., Rohrer D., (2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 354-380
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 354-380
    • Cepeda, N.J.1    Pashler, H.2    Vul, E.3    Wixted, J.T.4    Rohrer, D.5
  • 18
    • 57349180508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spacing effects in learning a temporal ridgeline of optimal retention
    • Cepeda N. J., Vul E., Rohrer D., Wixted J. T., Pashler H., (2008). Spacing effects in learning a temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19, 1095-1102
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , pp. 1095-1102
    • Cepeda, N.J.1    Vul, E.2    Rohrer, D.3    Wixted, J.T.4    Pashler, H.5
  • 19
    • 0000401778 scopus 로고
    • The spacing effect: A case study in the failure to apply the results of psychological research
    • Dempster F. N., (1988). The spacing effect: A case study in the failure to apply the results of psychological research. American Psychologist, 43, 627-634
    • (1988) American Psychologist , vol.43 , pp. 627-634
    • Dempster, F.N.1
  • 20
    • 84878359087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques: Promising directions from cognitive and educational psychology
    • Dunlosky J., Rawson K. A., Marsh E. J., Nathan M. J., Willingham D. T., (2013). Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques: Promising directions from cognitive and educational psychology. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14, 4-58
    • (2013) Psychological Science in the Public Interest , vol.14 , pp. 4-58
    • Dunlosky, J.1    Rawson, K.A.2    Marsh, E.J.3    Nathan, M.J.4    Willingham, D.T.5
  • 21
    • 0037476707 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY, Teachers College, Columbia University, (, Trans.)., :, (Original work published 1885
    • Ebbinghaus H., (1913). Memory (Ruger H. A., Bussenius C. E., Trans.). New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University. (Original work published 1885)
    • (1913) Memory
    • Ebbinghaus, H.1
  • 22
    • 84948585075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When confidence is not a signal of knowing: How students’ experiences and beliefs about processing fluency can lead to miscalibrated confidence
    • Finn B., Tauber S. K., (2015). When confidence is not a signal of knowing: How students’ experiences and beliefs about processing fluency can lead to miscalibrated confidence. Educational Psychology Review, 27, 567-586
    • (2015) Educational Psychology Review , vol.27 , pp. 567-586
    • Finn, B.1    Tauber, S.K.2
  • 23
    • 0018449402 scopus 로고
    • Component-levels theory of the effects of spacing of repetitions on recall and recognition
    • Glenberg A. M., (1979). Component-levels theory of the effects of spacing of repetitions on recall and recognition. Memory & Cognition, 7, 95-112
    • (1979) Memory & Cognition , vol.7 , pp. 95-112
    • Glenberg, A.M.1
  • 24
    • 84895539660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spacing simultaneously promotes multiple forms of learning in children’s science curriculum
    • Gluckman M., Vlach H. A., Sandhofer C. M., (2014). Spacing simultaneously promotes multiple forms of learning in children’s science curriculum. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 266-273
    • (2014) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 266-273
    • Gluckman, M.1    Vlach, H.A.2    Sandhofer, C.M.3
  • 25
    • 33744929811 scopus 로고
    • Class results with spaced and unspaced memorizing
    • Gordon K., (1925). Class results with spaced and unspaced memorizing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 8, 337-343
    • (1925) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 337-343
    • Gordon, K.1
  • 26
    • 84920279526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious challenges require serious scholarship: Integrating implementation science into the scholarly discourse
    • Greene J. A., (2015). Serious challenges require serious scholarship: Integrating implementation science into the scholarly discourse. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 40, 112-120
    • (2015) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 112-120
    • Greene, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 84856182301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?
    • Hartwig M. K., Dunlosky J., (2012). Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 126-134
    • (2012) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.19 , pp. 126-134
    • Hartwig, M.K.1    Dunlosky, J.2
  • 30
    • 35248827640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expertise reversal effect and its implications for learner-tailored instruction
    • Kalyuga S., (2007). Expertise reversal effect and its implications for learner-tailored instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 509-539
    • (2007) Educational Psychology Review , vol.19 , pp. 509-539
    • Kalyuga, S.1
  • 32
    • 84912015505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieval practice over the long term: Should spacing be expanding or equal-interval?
    • Kang S. H. K., Lindsey R. V., Mozer M. C., Pashler H., (2014). Retrieval practice over the long term: Should spacing be expanding or equal-interval? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1544-1550
    • (2014) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.21 , pp. 1544-1550
    • Kang, S.H.K.1    Lindsey, R.V.2    Mozer, M.C.3    Pashler, H.4
  • 34
    • 34347371769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention
    • Kang S. H. K., McDermott K. B., Roediger H. L., (2007). Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 528-558
    • (2007) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 528-558
    • Kang, S.H.K.1    McDermott, K.B.2    Roediger, H.L.3
  • 35
    • 84856000061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning painting styles: Spacing is advantageous when it promotes discriminative contrast
    • Kang S. H. K., Pashler H., (2012). Learning painting styles: Spacing is advantageous when it promotes discriminative contrast. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 97-103
    • (2012) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 97-103
    • Kang, S.H.K.1    Pashler, H.2
  • 36
    • 84916618637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spacing in a simulated undergraduate classroom: Long-term benefits for factual and higher-level learning
    • Kapler I. V., Weston T., Wiseheart M., (2015). Spacing in a simulated undergraduate classroom: Long-term benefits for factual and higher-level learning. Learning and Instruction, 36, 38-45
    • (2015) Learning and Instruction , vol.36 , pp. 38-45
    • Kapler, I.V.1    Weston, T.2    Wiseheart, M.3
  • 37
    • 84865439769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieval-based learning: A perspective for enhancing meaningful learning
    • Karpicke J. D., Grimaldi P. J., (2012). Retrieval-based learning: A perspective for enhancing meaningful learning. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 401-418
    • (2012) Educational Psychology Review , vol.24 , pp. 401-418
    • Karpicke, J.D.1    Grimaldi, P.J.2
  • 38
    • 70449370175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising learning using flashcards: Spacing is more effective than cramming
    • Kornell N., (2009). Optimising learning using flashcards: Spacing is more effective than cramming. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 1297-1317
    • (2009) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 1297-1317
    • Kornell, N.1
  • 39
    • 44949148428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the “enemy of induction”?
    • Kornell N., Bjork R. A., (2008). Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the “enemy of induction”? Psychological Science, 19, 585-592
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , pp. 585-592
    • Kornell, N.1    Bjork, R.A.2
  • 40
    • 77953923853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spacing as the friend of both memory and induction in young and older adults
    • Kornell N., Castel A. D., Eich T. S., Bjork R. A., (2010). Spacing as the friend of both memory and induction in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 25, 498-503
    • (2010) Psychology and Aging , vol.25 , pp. 498-503
    • Kornell, N.1    Castel, A.D.2    Eich, T.S.3    Bjork, R.A.4
  • 41
    • 0001061461 scopus 로고
    • Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning
    • Gruneberg M.M., Morris P.E., Sykes R.N., (eds), London, England, Academic Press, (Eds.), (., -
    • Landauer T. K., Bjork R. A., (1978). Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning. In Gruneberg M. M., Morris P. E., Sykes R. N., (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 625-632). London, England: Academic Press
    • (1978) Practical aspects of memory , pp. 625-632
    • Landauer, T.K.1    Bjork, R.A.2
  • 42
    • 84896862008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving students’ long-term knowledge retention through personalized review
    • Lindsey R. V., Shroyer J. D., Pashler H., Mozer M. C., (2014). Improving students’ long-term knowledge retention through personalized review. Psychological Science, 25, 639-647
    • (2014) Psychological Science , vol.25 , pp. 639-647
    • Lindsey, R.V.1    Shroyer, J.D.2    Pashler, H.3    Mozer, M.C.4
  • 44
    • 0021050142 scopus 로고
    • Pupil dilations following pairs of identical and related to-be-remembered words
    • Magliero A., (1983). Pupil dilations following pairs of identical and related to-be-remembered words. Memory & Cognition, 11, 609-615
    • (1983) Memory & Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 609-615
    • Magliero, A.1
  • 45
    • 0039882846 scopus 로고
    • The sequencing of instruction and the concept of assimilation-to-schema
    • Mayer R. E., (1977). The sequencing of instruction and the concept of assimilation-to-schema. Instructional Science, 6, 369-388
    • (1977) Instructional Science , vol.6 , pp. 369-388
    • Mayer, R.E.1
  • 46
    • 0036762645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rote versus meaningful learning
    • Mayer R. E., (2002). Rote versus meaningful learning. Theory Into Practice, 41, 226-232
    • (2002) Theory Into Practice , vol.41 , pp. 226-232
    • Mayer, R.E.1
  • 47
    • 84949238428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People mind wander more during massed than spaced inductive learning
    • in press, Advanced online publication
    • Metcalfe J., Xu J., (in press). People mind wander more during massed than spaced inductive learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Advanced online publication. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000216
    • Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
    • Metcalfe, J.1    Xu, J.2
  • 48
    • 84948098989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructor and student knowledge of study strategies
    • Morehead K., Rhodes M. G., DeLozier S., (2016). Instructor and student knowledge of study strategies. Memory, 24, 257-271
    • (2016) Memory , vol.24 , pp. 257-271
    • Morehead, K.1    Rhodes, M.G.2    DeLozier, S.3
  • 49
    • 0003642920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris, France, Author, :, Retrieved from
    • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2014). Education at a glance 2014. Paris, France: Author. Retrieved from doi:10.1787/eag-2014-en
    • (2014) Education at a glance 2014
  • 52
    • 0011884801 scopus 로고
    • The effect of expanded versus massed practice on the retention of multiplication facts and spelling lists
    • Rea C. P., Modigliani V., (1985). The effect of expanded versus massed practice on the retention of multiplication facts and spelling lists. Human Learning: Journal of Practical Research & Applications, 4, 11-18
    • (1985) Human Learning: Journal of Practical Research & Applications , vol.4 , pp. 11-18
    • Rea, C.P.1    Modigliani, V.2
  • 54
    • 78650732668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention
    • Roediger H. L., Butler A. C., (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 20-27
    • (2011) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.15 , pp. 20-27
    • Roediger, H.L.1    Butler, A.C.2
  • 56
    • 84865409124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleaving helps students distinguish among similar concepts
    • Rohrer D., (2012). Interleaving helps students distinguish among similar concepts. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 355-367
    • (2012) Educational Psychology Review , vol.24 , pp. 355-367
    • Rohrer, D.1
  • 57
    • 84930822077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefit of interleaved mathematics practice is not limited to superficially similar kinds of problems
    • Rohrer D., Dedrick R. F., Burgess K., (2014). The benefit of interleaved mathematics practice is not limited to superficially similar kinds of problems. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21, 1323-1330
    • (2014) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.21 , pp. 1323-1330
    • Rohrer, D.1    Dedrick, R.F.2    Burgess, K.3
  • 59
    • 33845911958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of overlearning and distributed practice on the retention of mathematics knowledge
    • Rohrer D., Taylor K., (2006). The effects of overlearning and distributed practice on the retention of mathematics knowledge. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 1209-1224
    • (2006) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 1209-1224
    • Rohrer, D.1    Taylor, K.2
  • 60
    • 35148888538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shuffling of mathematics practice problems improves learning
    • Rohrer D., Taylor K., (2007). The shuffling of mathematics practice problems improves learning. Instructional Science, 35, 481-498
    • (2007) Instructional Science , vol.35 , pp. 481-498
    • Rohrer, D.1    Taylor, K.2
  • 61
    • 0024075384 scopus 로고
    • Strategy choice procedures and the development of multiplication skill
    • Siegler R. S., (1988). Strategy choice procedures and the development of multiplication skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 258-275
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.117 , pp. 258-275
    • Siegler, R.S.1
  • 62
    • 80053126590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spacing effects in real-world classroom vocabulary learning
    • Sobel H. S., Cepeda N. J., Kapler I. V., (2011). Spacing effects in real-world classroom vocabulary learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 763-767
    • (2011) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 763-767
    • Sobel, H.S.1    Cepeda, N.J.2    Kapler, I.V.3
  • 63
    • 84896924694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing facilitates the regulation of subsequent study time
    • Soderstrom N. C., Bjork R. A., (2014). Testing facilitates the regulation of subsequent study time. Journal of Memory and Language, 73, 99-115
    • (2014) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.73 , pp. 99-115
    • Soderstrom, N.C.1    Bjork, R.A.2
  • 64
    • 77953918761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing retrieval as a learning event: When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances long-term retention
    • Storm B. C., Bjork R. A., Storm J. C., (2010). Optimizing retrieval as a learning event: When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances long-term retention. Memory & Cognition, 38, 244-253
    • (2010) Memory & Cognition , vol.38 , pp. 244-253
    • Storm, B.C.1    Bjork, R.A.2    Storm, J.C.3
  • 65
    • 84873714178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the lab to the dorm room: Metacognitive awareness and use of spaced study
    • Susser J. A., McCabe J., (2013). From the lab to the dorm room: Metacognitive awareness and use of spaced study. Instructional Science, 41, 345-363
    • (2013) Instructional Science , vol.41 , pp. 345-363
    • Susser, J.A.1    McCabe, J.2
  • 68
    • 84863872833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributing learning over time: The spacing effect in children’s acquisition and generalization of science concepts
    • Vlach H. A., Sandhofer C. M., (2012). Distributing learning over time: The spacing effect in children’s acquisition and generalization of science concepts. Child Development, 83, 1137-1144
    • (2012) Child Development , vol.83 , pp. 1137-1144
    • Vlach, H.A.1    Sandhofer, C.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.