메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 1339-1350

Quantitative in vivo neurochemical profiling in humans: Where are we now?

Author keywords

1H MRS; CNS disorders; Methodology; Neurochemical profiling; Spectral quality

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

EID: 85019181350     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw235     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 77955655126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening up the 'Black Box': metabolic phenotyping and metabolome-wide association studies in epidemiology
    • Bictash M, Ebbels TM, Chan Q et al. Opening up the 'Black Box': metabolic phenotyping and metabolome-wide association studies in epidemiology. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:970-9.
    • (2010) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.63 , pp. 970-979
    • Bictash, M.1    Ebbels, T.M.2    Chan, Q.3
  • 3
    • 50249099816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic phenotyping in health and disease
    • Holmes E, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK. Metabolic phenotyping in health and disease. Cell 2008;134:714-17.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 714-717
    • Holmes, E.1    Wilson, I.D.2    Nicholson, J.K.3
  • 4
    • 84894061404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional modulation of the metabonome: applications of metabolic phenotyping in translational nutritional research
    • Kinross J, Li JV, Muirhead LJ, Nicholson J. Nutritional modulation of the metabonome: applications of metabolic phenotyping in translational nutritional research. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2014;30:196-207.
    • (2014) Current Opinion in Gastroenterology , vol.30 , pp. 196-207
    • Kinross, J.1    Li, J.V.2    Muirhead, L.J.3    Nicholson, J.4
  • 5
    • 84872685787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term leisuretime physical activity and serum metabolome
    • Kujala UM, Makinen VP, Heinonen I et al. Long-term leisuretime physical activity and serum metabolome. Circulation 2013;127:340-8.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , pp. 340-348
    • Kujala, U.M.1    Makinen, V.P.2    Heinonen, I.3
  • 8
    • 84960130187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic phenotyping of human blood plasma: a powerful tool to discriminate between cancer types?
    • Louis E, Adriaensens P, GuedensWet al. Metabolic phenotyping of human blood plasma: a powerful tool to discriminate between cancer types? Ann Oncol 2016;27:178-84.
    • (2016) Ann Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 178-184
    • Louis, E.1    Adriaensens, P.2    Guedens, W.3
  • 10
    • 84930686671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacometabonomics in humans: a new tool for personalized medicine
    • Everett JR. Pharmacometabonomics in humans: a new tool for personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics 2015;16:737-54.
    • (2015) Pharmacogenomics , vol.16 , pp. 737-754
    • Everett, J.R.1
  • 12
    • 33750719994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global systems biology, personalized medicine and molecular epidemiology
    • Nicholson JK. Global systems biology, personalized medicine and molecular epidemiology. Molecular Systems Biology 2006;2:52.
    • (2006) Molecular Systems Biology , vol.2 , pp. 52
    • Nicholson, J.K.1
  • 15
    • 50849141305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multimetabolite analysis of serum by 1H NMR spectroscopy: early systemic signs of Alzheimer's disease
    • Tukiainen T, Tynkkynen T, Makinen VP et al. A multimetabolite analysis of serum by 1H NMR spectroscopy: early systemic signs of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;375:356-61.
    • (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.375 , pp. 356-361
    • Tukiainen, T.1    Tynkkynen, T.2    Makinen, V.P.3
  • 17
    • 84857130435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiling of Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid
    • Czech C, Berndt P, Busch K et al. Metabolite profiling of Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid. PloS One 2012;7:e31501.
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7
    • Czech, C.1    Berndt, P.2    Busch, K.3
  • 18
    • 84964199557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMR metabonomics of cerebrospinal fluid distinguishes between Parkinson's disease and controls
    • Ohman A, Forsgren L. NMR metabonomics of cerebrospinal fluid distinguishes between Parkinson's disease and controls. Neurosci Lett 2015;594:36-9.
    • (2015) Neurosci Lett , vol.594 , pp. 36-39
    • Ohman, A.1    Forsgren, L.2
  • 19
    • 84903154904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the application of metabolomics to Alzheimer's Disease
    • Trushina E, Mielke MM. Recent advances in the application of metabolomics to Alzheimer's Disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014;1842:1232-9.
    • (2014) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1842 , pp. 1232-1239
    • Trushina, E.1    Mielke, M.M.2
  • 20
    • 33644843611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic characterization of the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease by high-resolution MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy
    • Tsang TM, Woodman B, McLoughlin GA et al. Metabolic characterization of the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease by high-resolution MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2006;5:483-92.
    • (2006) J Proteome Res , vol.5 , pp. 483-492
    • Tsang, T.M.1    Woodman, B.2    McLoughlin, G.A.3
  • 21
    • 84928068639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-site reproducibility of cerebellar and brainstem neurochemical profiles with short-echo, single-voxel MRS at 3T
    • Deelchand DK, Adanyeguh IM, Emir UE et al. Two-site reproducibility of cerebellar and brainstem neurochemical profiles with short-echo, single-voxel MRS at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2015;73:1718-25.
    • (2015) Magn Reson Med , vol.73 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Deelchand, D.K.1    Adanyeguh, I.M.2    Emir, U.E.3
  • 22
    • 84855874072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional neurochemical profiles in the human brain measured by (1)H MRS at 7 T using local B(1) shimming.
    • Emir UE, Auerbach EJ, Van DeMoortele PF et al. Regional neurochemical profiles in the human brain measured by (1)H MRS at 7 T using local B(1) shimming. NMR Biomed 2012;25:152-60.
    • (2012) NMR Biomed , vol.25 , pp. 152-160
    • Emir, U.E.1    Auerbach, E.J.2    Van DeMoortele, P.F.3
  • 23
    • 67049169082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy of the human brain with enhanced signal intensity at ultrashort echo times on a clinical platform at 3T and 7T.
    • Mekle R, Mlynarik V, Gambarota G, Hergt M, Krueger G, Gruetter R. MR spectroscopy of the human brain with enhanced signal intensity at ultrashort echo times on a clinical platform at 3T and 7T. Magn Reson Med 2009;61:1279-85.
    • (2009) Magn Reson Med , vol.61 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Mekle, R.1    Mlynarik, V.2    Gambarota, G.3    Hergt, M.4    Krueger, G.5    Gruetter, R.6
  • 24
    • 0033226834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an in vivo neurochemical profile: quantification of 18 metabolites in short-echo-time (1)H NMR spectra of the rat brain
    • Pfeuffer J, Tkac I, Provencher SW, Gruetter R. Toward an in vivo neurochemical profile: quantification of 18 metabolites in short-echo-time (1)H NMR spectra of the rat brain. J Magn Reson 1999;141:104-20.
    • (1999) J Magn Reson , vol.141 , pp. 104-120
    • Pfeuffer, J.1    Tkac, I.2    Provencher, S.W.3    Gruetter, R.4
  • 25
    • 13544250506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodology of H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at very high magnetic fields
    • Tkac I, Gruetter R. Methodology of H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at very high magnetic fields. Appl Magn Reson 2005;29:139-57.
    • (2005) Appl Magn Reson , vol.29 , pp. 139-157
    • Tkac, I.1    Gruetter, R.2
  • 26
    • 70349613203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at high magnetic fields: metabolite quantification at 4T vs
    • Tkac I, Oz G, Adriany G, Ugurbil K, Gruetter R. In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at high magnetic fields: metabolite quantification at 4T vs. 7T. Magn Reson Med 2009;62:868-79.
    • (2009) 7T. Magn Reson Med , vol.62 , pp. 868-879
    • Tkac, I.1    Oz, G.2    Adriany, G.3    Ugurbil, K.4    Gruetter, R.5
  • 27
    • 84924040649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-center reproducibility of neurochemical profiles in the human brain at 7 T
    • van de Bank BL, Emir UE, Boer VO et al. Multi-center reproducibility of neurochemical profiles in the human brain at 7 T. NMR Biomed 2015;28:306-16.
    • (2015) NMR Biomed , vol.28 , pp. 306-316
    • van de Bank, B.L.1    Emir, U.E.2    Boer, V.O.3
  • 28
    • 39149126712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic profiling, metabolomic and metabonomic procedures for NMR spectroscopy of urine, plasma, serum and tissue extracts
    • Beckonert O, Keun HC, Ebbels TM et al. Metabolic profiling, metabolomic and metabonomic procedures for NMR spectroscopy of urine, plasma, serum and tissue extracts. Nature Protocols 2007;2:2692-703.
    • (2007) Nature Protocols , vol.2 , pp. 2692-2703
    • Beckonert, O.1    Keun, H.C.2    Ebbels, T.M.3
  • 29
    • 0027200329 scopus 로고
    • Automatic, localized in vivo adjustment of all firstand second-order shim coils
    • Gruetter R. Automatic, localized in vivo adjustment of all firstand second-order shim coils. Magn Reson Med 1993;29:804-11.
    • (1993) Magn Reson Med , vol.29 , pp. 804-811
    • Gruetter, R.1
  • 30
    • 0342948677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field mapping without reference scan using asymmetric echo-planar techniques
    • Gruetter R, Tkac I. Field mapping without reference scan using asymmetric echo-planar techniques. Magn Reson Med 2000;43:319-23.
    • (2000) Magn Reson Med , vol.43 , pp. 319-323
    • Gruetter, R.1    Tkac, I.2
  • 31
    • 0035742326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The return of the frequency sweep: designing adiabatic pulses for contemporary NMR
    • Garwood M, DelaBarre L. The return of the frequency sweep: designing adiabatic pulses for contemporary NMR. J Magn Reson 2001;153:155-77.
    • (2001) J Magn Reson , vol.153 , pp. 155-177
    • Garwood, M.1    DelaBarre, L.2
  • 32
    • 33750632039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized short-echo-time proton MR spectroscopy with full signalintensity acquisition
    • Mlynarik V, Gambarota G, Frenkel H, Gruetter R. Localized short-echo-time proton MR spectroscopy with full signalintensity acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2006;56:965-70.
    • (2006) Magn Reson Med , vol.56 , pp. 965-970
    • Mlynarik, V.1    Gambarota, G.2    Frenkel, H.3    Gruetter, R.4
  • 33
    • 79952802465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-echo, single-shot, full-intensity proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neurochemical profiling at 4 T: validation in the cerebellum and brainstem
    • Oz G, Tkac I. Short-echo, single-shot, full-intensity proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neurochemical profiling at 4 T: validation in the cerebellum and brainstem. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:901-10.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Med , vol.65 , pp. 901-910
    • Oz, G.1    Tkac, I.2
  • 34
    • 0032588957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of rat brain at 1ms echo time
    • Tkac I, Starcuk Z, Choi IY, Gruetter R. In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of rat brain at 1ms echo time. Magn Reson Med 1999;41:649-56.
    • (1999) Magn Reson Med , vol.41 , pp. 649-656
    • Tkac, I.1    Starcuk, Z.2    Choi, I.Y.3    Gruetter, R.4
  • 35
    • 77955917560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 9.4 T: initial results
    • Deelchand DK, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G et al. In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 9.4 T: initial results. J Magn Reson 2010;206:74-80.
    • (2010) J Magn Reson , vol.206 , pp. 74-80
    • Deelchand, D.K.1    Van de Moortele, P.F.2    Adriany, G.3
  • 37
    • 0034099574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites
    • Govindaraju V, Young K, Maudsley AA. Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites. NMR Biomed 2000;13:129-53.
    • (2000) NMR Biomed , vol.13 , pp. 129-153
    • Govindaraju, V.1    Young, K.2    Maudsley, A.A.3
  • 38
    • 0035033455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Java-based graphical user interface for MRUI, a software package for quantitation of in vivo/medical magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals
    • Naressi A, Couturier C, Castang I, de Beer R, Graveron-Demilly D. Java-based graphical user interface for MRUI, a software package for quantitation of in vivo/medical magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals. Comput Biol Med 2001;31:269-86.
    • (2001) Comput Biol Med , vol.31 , pp. 269-286
    • Naressi, A.1    Couturier, C.2    Castang, I.3    de Beer, R.4    Graveron-Demilly, D.5
  • 40
    • 0027375098 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra
    • Provencher SW. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:672-9.
    • (1993) Magn Reson Med , vol.30 , pp. 672-679
    • Provencher, S.W.1
  • 41
    • 84963900688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B0-adjusted and sensitivity-encoded spectral localization by imaging (BASE-SLIM) in the human brain in vivo
    • Adany P, Choi IY, Lee P. B0-adjusted and sensitivity-encoded spectral localization by imaging (BASE-SLIM) in the human brain in vivo. NeuroImage 2016;134:355-64.
    • (2016) NeuroImage , vol.134 , pp. 355-364
    • Adany, P.1    Choi, I.Y.2    Lee, P.3
  • 42
    • 84857791811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical metabolites as biomarkers in the R6/2 model of Huntington's disease
    • ZacharoffL, Tkac I, Song Q et al. Cortical metabolites as biomarkers in the R6/2 model of Huntington's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012;32:502-14.
    • (2012) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.32 , pp. 502-514
    • Zacharoff, L.1    Tkac, I.2    Song, Q.3
  • 43
    • 84855984910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in different regions of human brain in vivo at 7 T: T2 relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites
    • Marjanska M, Auerbach EJ, Valabregue R, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G, Garwood M. Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in different regions of human brain in vivo at 7 T: T2 relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites. NMR Biomed 2012;25:332-9.
    • (2012) NMR Biomed , vol.25 , pp. 332-339
    • Marjanska, M.1    Auerbach, E.J.2    Valabregue, R.3    Van de Moortele, P.F.4    Adriany, G.5    Garwood, M.6
  • 44
    • 84875367315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton T1 relaxation times of metabolites in human occipital white and gray matter at 7 T
    • Xin L, Schaller B, Mlynarik V, Lu H, Gruetter R. Proton T1 relaxation times of metabolites in human occipital white and gray matter at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2013;69:931-6.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Med , vol.69 , pp. 931-936
    • Xin, L.1    Schaller, B.2    Mlynarik, V.3    Lu, H.4    Gruetter, R.5
  • 45
    • 84926513383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and BOLD responses during neuronal activation measured in the human visual cortex at 7 Tesla
    • Bednarik P, Tkac I, Giove F et al. Neurochemical and BOLD responses during neuronal activation measured in the human visual cortex at 7 Tesla. J CerebBlood FlowMetab 2015;35:601-10.
    • (2015) J CerebBlood FlowMetab , vol.35 , pp. 601-610
    • Bednarik, P.1    Tkac, I.2    Giove, F.3
  • 46
    • 84864555271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the metabolic changes due to visual stimulation using functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T
    • Lin Y, Stephenson MC, Xin L, Napolitano A, Morris PG. Investigating the metabolic changes due to visual stimulation using functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012;32:1484-95.
    • (2012) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.32 , pp. 1484-1495
    • Lin, Y.1    Stephenson, M.C.2    Xin, L.3    Napolitano, A.4    Morris, P.G.5
  • 47
    • 34247471119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained neuronal activation raises oxidative metabolism to a new steady-state level: evidence from 1H NMR spectroscopy in the human visual cortex
    • Mangia S, Tkac I, Gruetter R, Van de Moortele PF, Maraviglia B, Ugurbil K. Sustained neuronal activation raises oxidative metabolism to a new steady-state level: evidence from 1H NMR spectroscopy in the human visual cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007;27:1055-63.
    • (2007) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.27 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Mangia, S.1    Tkac, I.2    Gruetter, R.3    Van de Moortele, P.F.4    Maraviglia, B.5    Ugurbil, K.6
  • 48
    • 84879603781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net increase of lactate and glutamate concentration in activated human visual cortex detected with magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 tesla
    • Schaller B, Mekle R, Xin L, Kunz N, Gruetter R. Net increase of lactate and glutamate concentration in activated human visual cortex detected with magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 tesla. J Neurosci Res 2013;91:1076-83.
    • (2013) J Neurosci Res , vol.91 , pp. 1076-1083
    • Schaller, B.1    Mekle, R.2    Xin, L.3    Kunz, N.4    Gruetter, R.5
  • 50
    • 84929276614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility and reproducibility of neurochemical profile quantification in the human hippocampus at 3 T
    • Bednarik P, Moheet A, Deelchand DK et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of neurochemical profile quantification in the human hippocampus at 3 T. NMR Biomed 2015;28:685-93.
    • (2015) NMR Biomed , vol.28 , pp. 685-693
    • Bednarik, P.1    Moheet, A.2    Deelchand, D.K.3
  • 51
    • 84904121327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Various MRS application tools for Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • Gao F, Barker PB. Various MRS application tools for Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35(Suppl 6):S4-11.
    • (2014) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.35 , pp. S4-11
    • Gao, F.1    Barker, P.B.2
  • 52
    • 84904498663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer's disease
    • Zhang N, Song X, Bartha R et al. Advances in high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research 2014;11:367-88.
    • (2014) Current Alzheimer Research , vol.11 , pp. 367-388
    • Zhang, N.1    Song, X.2    Bartha, R.3
  • 53
    • 84881374066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in common dementias
    • Kantarci K. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in common dementias. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2013;23:393-406.
    • (2013) Neuroimaging Clin N Am , vol.23 , pp. 393-406
    • Kantarci, K.1
  • 56
    • 84907987572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol use disorders
    • MeyerhoffDJ. Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol use disorders. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2014;125:313-37.
    • (2014) Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol.125 , pp. 313-337
    • Meyerhoff, D.J.1
  • 57
    • 84895440282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical protonMR spectroscopy in central nervous systemdisorders
    • Oz G, Alger JR, Barker PB et al. Clinical protonMR spectroscopy in central nervous systemdisorders. Radiology 2014;270:658-79.
    • (2014) Radiology , vol.270 , pp. 658-679
    • Oz, G.1    Alger, J.R.2    Barker, P.B.3
  • 58
    • 84927104353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo neurometabolic profiling in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 7
    • Adanyeguh IM, Henry PG, Nguyen TM et al. In vivo neurometabolic profiling in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 7. Mov Disord 2015;30:662-70.
    • (2015) Mov Disord , vol.30 , pp. 662-670
    • Adanyeguh, I.M.1    Henry, P.G.2    Nguyen, T.M.3
  • 59
    • 77957337155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1)H MR spectroscopy in Friedreich's ataxia and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2
    • Iltis I, Hutter D, Bushara KO et al. (1)H MR spectroscopy in Friedreich's ataxia and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2. Brain Res 2010;1358:200-10.
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1358 , pp. 200-210
    • Iltis, I.1    Hutter, D.2    Bushara, K.O.3
  • 60
    • 77955064254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical alterations in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and their correlations with clinical status
    • Oz G, Hutter D, Tkac I et al. Neurochemical alterations in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and their correlations with clinical status. Mov Disord 2010;25:1253-61.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 1253-1261
    • Oz, G.1    Hutter, D.2    Tkac, I.3
  • 61
    • 80051795157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neurochemical profiles of spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 6, and cerebellar multiple system atrophy
    • Oz G, Iltis I, Hutter D, Thomas W, Bushara KO, Gomez CM. Distinct neurochemical profiles of spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 6, and cerebellar multiple system atrophy. Cerebellum 2011;10:208-17.
    • (2011) Cerebellum , vol.10 , pp. 208-217
    • Oz, G.1    Iltis, I.2    Hutter, D.3    Thomas, W.4    Bushara, K.O.5    Gomez, C.M.6
  • 62
    • 84877581171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical profile of patients with type 1 diabetes measured by (1)H-MRS at 4 T
    • Mangia S, Kumar AF, Moheet AA et al. Neurochemical profile of patients with type 1 diabetes measured by (1)H-MRS at 4 T. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013;33:754-9.
    • (2013) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.33 , pp. 754-759
    • Mangia, S.1    Kumar, A.F.2    Moheet, A.A.3
  • 63
    • 13244265477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of adrenoleukodystrophy lesions by high field MRS in non-sedated pediatric patients
    • Oz G, Tkac I, Charnas LR et al. Assessment of adrenoleukodystrophy lesions by high field MRS in non-sedated pediatric patients. Neurology 2005;64:434-41.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 434-441
    • Oz, G.1    Tkac, I.2    Charnas, L.R.3
  • 64
    • 84930211505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic voxel positioning for MRS at 7 T
    • Dou W, Speck O, Benner T et al. Automatic voxel positioning for MRS at 7 T. MAGMA 2015;28:259-70.
    • (2015) MAGMA , vol.28 , pp. 259-270
    • Dou, W.1    Speck, O.2    Benner, T.3
  • 65
    • 84937578756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-brain quantitative mapping of metabolites using short echo three-dimensional proton MRSI
    • Lecocq A, Le Fur Y, Maudsley AA et al. Whole-brain quantitative mapping of metabolites using short echo three-dimensional proton MRSI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015;42:280-9.
    • (2015) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.42 , pp. 280-289
    • Lecocq, A.1    Le Fur, Y.2    Maudsley, A.A.3
  • 66
    • 84876924851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopic imaging: principles and recent advances.
    • Posse S, Otazo R, Dager SR, Alger J. MR spectroscopic imaging: principles and recent advances. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013;37:1301-25.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.37 , pp. 1301-1325
    • Posse, S.1    Otazo, R.2    Dager, S.R.3    Alger, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.