Systems thinking for life cycle sustainability assessment: A review of recent developments, applications, and future perspectives

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2017, Pages

  Onat, Nuri Cihat ^a,b   Kucukvar, Murat ^a   Halog, Anthony ^c   Cloutier, Scott ^b  

^a ISTANBUL SEHIR UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Life cycle sustainability assessment; Multi region input output analysis; System dynamics; Systems thinking; Triple bottom line sustainability accounting; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FUTURE PROSPECT; INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS; LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS; STAKEHOLDER; SUSTAINABILITY; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 85019059174     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20711050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su9050706     Document Type: Review

References (164)

1. Guinée, J.B.; Heijungs, R.; Huppes, G.; Zamagni, A.; Masoni, P.; Buonamici, R.; Ekvall, T.; Rydberg, T. Life cycle assessment: Past, present, and future. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 90-96
2. Kucukvar, M. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Aramework for the US Built Environment. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA, 2013
3. Sala, S.; Farioli, F.; Zamagni, A. Progress in sustainability science: Lessons learnt from current methodologies for sustainability assessment: Part 1. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 18, 1653-1672
4. Sala, S.; Farioli, F.; Zamagni, A. Life cycle sustainability assessment in the context of sustainability science progress (part 2). Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 18, 1686-1697
5. Stefanova, M.; Tripepi, C.; Zamagni, A.; Masoni, P. Goal and Scope in Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis: The Case of Hydrogen Production from Biomass. Sustainability 2014, 6, 5463-5475
6. Weidema, B.; Ekvall, T.; Heijungs, R. Guidelines for Application of Deepened and Broadened LCA. Available online: http://www.leidenuniv.nl/cml/ssp/publications/calcas_report_d18.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)
7. Guinée, J. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges? Available online: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-20571-7_3 (accessed on 20 April 2017)
8. Guinée, J.B.; Heijungs, R. Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2011, 15, 656-658
9. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O.; Egilmez, G. Integration of system dynamics approach toward deepening and broadening the life cycle sustainability assessment framework: A case for electric vehicles. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016, 21, 1009-1034
10. Zamagni, A.; Pesonen, H.L.; Swarr, T. From LCA to Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Concept, practice and future directions. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1637-1641
11. Cucurachi, S.; Suh, S. A Moonshot for Sustainability Assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 9497-9498
12. Gemechu, E.D.; Sonnemann, G.; Young, S.B. Geopolitical-related supply risk assessment as a complement to environmental impact assessment: The case of electric vehicles. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2017, 22, 31-39
13. Ren, J.; Ren, X.; Liang, H.; Dong, L.; Zhang, L.; Luo, X.; Yang, Y.; Gao, Z. Multi-actor multi-criteria sustainability assessment framework for energy and industrial systems in life cycle perspective under uncertainties. Part 2: Improved extension theory. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016
14. Van Kempen, E.A.; Spiliotopoulou, E.; Stojanovski, G.; de Leeuw, S. Using life cycle sustainability assessment to trade off sourcing strategies for humanitarian relief items. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016
15. Sou, W.; Chu, A.; Chiueh, P. Sustainability assessment and prioritisation of bottom ash management in Macao. Waste Manag. Res. 2016, 34, 1275-1282
16. Helbig, C.; Gemechu, E.D.; Pillain, B.; Young, S.B.; Thorenz, A.; Tuma, A.; Sonnemann, G. Extending the geopolitical supply risk indicator: Application of life cycle sustainability assessment to the petrochemical supply chain of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 137, 1170-1178
17. Azapagic, A.; Stamford, L.; Youds, L.; Barteczko-Hibbert, C. Towards sustainable production and consumption: A novel DEcision-Support Framework IntegRating Economic, Environmental and Social Sustainability (DESIRES). Comput. Chem. Eng. 2016, 91, 93-103
18. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Uncertainty-embedded dynamic life cycle sustainability assessment framework: An ex-ante perspective on the impacts of alternative vehicle options. Energy 2016, 112, 715-728
19. Gumus, S.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision making framework based on life cycle environmental, economic and social impacts: The case of U.S. wind energy. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 2016, 8, 78-92
20. Touceda, M.I.; Neila, F.J.; Degrez, M. Modeling socioeconomic pathways to assess sustainability: A tailored development for housing retrofit. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016
21. Pizzirani, S.; McLaren, S.J.; Forster, M.E.; Pohatu, P.; Porou, T.T.W.; Warmenhoven, T.A. The distinctive recognition of culture within LCSA: Realising the quadruple bottom line. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016, 1-20
22. Luu, L.Q.; Halog, A. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Holistic Evaluation of Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts. In Sustainability in the Design, Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Engineering Processes; Elsevier: Kidlington, UK, 2016; pp. 327-352
23. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O.; Zheng, Q.P. Combined application of multi-criteria optimization and life-cycle sustainability assessment for optimal distribution of alternative passenger cars in U.S. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 112, 291-307
24. Clímaco, J.C.N.; Valle, R. MCDA and LCSA-A Note on the Aggregation of Preferences; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2016; pp. 105-116
25. Kalbar, P.P.; Birkved, M.; Nygaard, S.E.; Hauschild, M. Weighting and Aggregation in Life Cycle Assessment: Do Present Aggregated Single Scores Provide Correct Decision Support? J. Ind. Ecol. 2016
26. Galán-Martín, á.; Guillén-Gosálbez, G.; Stamford, L.; Azapagic, A. Enhanced data envelopment analysis for sustainability assessment: A novel methodology and application to electricity technologies. Comput. Chem. Eng. 2016, 90, 188-200
27. Moslehi, S.; Arababadi, R. Sustainability Assessment of Complex Energy Systems Using Life Cycle Approach-Case Study: Arizona State University Tempe Campus. Procedia Eng. 2016, 145, 1096-1103
28. Atilgan, B.; Azapagic, A. An integrated life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation in Turkey. Energy Policy 2016, 93, 168-186
29. Huang, B.; Mauerhofer, V. Life cycle sustainability assessment of ground source heat pump in Shanghai, China. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 119, 207-214
30. Onat, N.C.; Gumus, S.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Application of the TOPSIS and intuitionistic fuzzy set approaches for ranking the life cycle sustainability performance of alternative vehicle technologies. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 2016, 6, 12-25
31. Dong, Y.H.; Ng, S.T. A modeling framework to evaluate sustainability of building construction based on LCSA. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016, 21, 555-568
32. Gencturk, B.; Hossain, K.; Lahourpour, S. Life cycle sustainability assessment of RC buildings in seismic regions. Eng. Struct. 2016, 110, 347-362
33. Steen, B.; Palander, S. A selection of safeguard subjects and state indicators for sustainability assessments. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2016, 21, 861-874
34. Gemechu, E.D.; Helbig, C.; Sonnemann, G.; Thorenz, A.; Tuma, A. Import-based Indicator for the Geopolitical Supply Risk of Raw Materials in Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments. J. Ind. Ecol. 2016, 20, 154-165
35. Luu, L.Q.; Halog, A. Rice Husk Based Bioelectricity vs. Coal-fired Electricity: Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Case Study in Vietnam. Procedia CIRP 2016, 40, 73-78
36. Wagner, E.; Benecke, S.; Winzer, J.; Nissen, N.F.; Lang, K.-D. Evaluation of Indicators Supporting the Sustainable Design of Electronic Systems. Procedia CIRP 2016, 40, 469-474
37. Kalbar, P.P.; Karmakar, S.; Asolekar, S.R. Life cycle-based decision support tool for selection of wastewater treatment alternatives. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 117, 64-72
38. Keller, H.; Rettenmaier, N.; Reinhardt, G.A. Integrated life cycle sustainability assessment-A practical approach applied to biorefineries. Appl. Energy 2015, 154, 1072-1081
39. De Luca, A.I.; Iofrida, N.; Strano, A.; Falcone, G.; Gulisano, G. Social life cycle assessment and participatory approaches: A methodological proposal applied to citrus farming in Southern Italy. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 2015, 11, 383-396
40. Ren, J.; Manzardo, A.; Mazzi, A.; Zuliani, F.; Scipioni, A. Prioritization of bioethanol production pathways in China based on life cycle sustainability assessment and multicriteria decision-making. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2015, 20, 842-853
41. Yu, M.; Halog, A. Solar Photovoltaic Development in Australia-A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Study. Sustainability 2015, 7, 1213-1247
42. Hossaini, N.; Reza, B.; Akhtar, S.; Sadiq, R.; Hewage, K. AHP based life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework: A case study of six storey wood frame and concrete frame buildings in Vancouver. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. 2015, 58, 1217-1241
43. Peukert, B.; Benecke, S.; Clavell, J.; Neugebauer, S.; Nissen, N.F.; Uhlmann, E.; Lang, K.-D.; Finkbeiner, M. Addressing Sustainability and Flexibility in Manufacturing Via Smart Modular Machine Tool Frames to Support Sustainable Value Creation. Procedia CIRP 2015, 29, 514-519
44. Stamford, L.; Azapagic, A. Life cycle sustainability assessment of UK electricity scenarios to 2070. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2014, 23, 194-211
45. Akhtar, S.; Reza, B.; Hewage, K.; Shahriar, A.; Zargar, A.; Sadiq, R. Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) for selection of sewer pipe materials. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 2015, 17, 973-992
46. Martínez-Blanco, J.; Lehmann, A.; Muñoz, P.; Antón, A.; Traverso, M.; Rieradevall, J.; Finkbeiner, M. Application challenges for the social Life Cycle Assessment of fertilizers within life cycle sustainability assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 69, 34-48
47. Kucukvar, M.; Gumus, S.; Egilmez, G.; Tatari, O. Ranking the sustainability performance of pavements: An intuitionistic fuzzy decision making method. Autom. Constr. 2014, 40, 33-43
48. Lu, B.; Li, B.;Wang, L.; Yang, J.; Liu, J.;Wang, X.V. Reusability based on Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Case Study on WEEE. Procedia CIRP 2014, 15, 473-478
49. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Integrating triple bottom line input-output analysis into life cycle sustainability assessment framework: The case for US buildings. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2014, 19, 1488-1505
50. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Passenger Vehicles. Sustainability 2014, 6, 9305-9342
51. Kucukvar, M.; Noori, M.; Egilmez, G.; Tatari, O. Stochastic decision modeling for sustainable pavement designs. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2014, 19, 1185-1199
52. Valdivia, S.; Ugaya, C.M.L.; Hildenbrand, J.; Traverso, M.; Mazijn, B.; Sonnemann, G. A UNEP/SETAC approach towards a life cycle sustainability assessment-Our contribution to Rio+20. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1673-1685
53. Pesonen, H.L.; Horn, S. Evaluating the Sustainability SWOT as a streamlined tool for life cycle sustainability assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1780-1792
54. Wood, R.; Hertwich, E.G. Economic modelling and indicators in life cycle sustainability assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1710-1721
55. Ostermeyer, Y.; Wallbaum, H.; Reuter, F. Multidimensional Pareto optimization as an approach for site-specific building refurbishment solutions applicable for life cycle sustainability assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1762-1779
56. Foolmaun, R.K.; Ramjeawon, T. Life cycle sustainability assessments (LCSA) of four disposal scenarios for used polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in Mauritius. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 2013, 15, 783-806
57. Vinyes, E.; Oliver-Solà, J.; Ugaya, C.; Rieradevall, J.; Gasol, C.M. Application of LCSA to used cooking oil waste management. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 445-455
58. Manzardo, A.; Ren, J.; Mazzi, A.; Scipioni, A. A grey-based group decision-making methodology for the selection of hydrogen technologies in life cycle sustainability perspective. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2012, 37, 17663-17670
59. Stamford, L.; Azapagic, A. Life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity options for the UK. Int. J. Energy Res. 2012, 36, 1263-1290
60. Traverso, M.; Finkbeiner, M.; Jørgensen, A.; Schneider, L. Life Cycle Sustainability Dashboard. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 680-688
61. Traverso, M.; Asdrubali, F.; Francia, A.; Finkbeiner, M. Towards life cycle sustainability assessment: An implementation to photovoltaic modules. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 17, 1068-1079
62. Menikpura, S.; Gheewala, S.H.; Bonnet, S. Framework for life cycle sustainability assessment of municipal solid waste management systems with an application to a case study in Thailand. Waste Manag. Res. 2012, 30, 708-719
63. Nzila, C.; Dewulf, J.; Spanjers, H.; Tuigong, D.; Kiriamiti, H.; van Langenhove, H. Multi criteria sustainability assessment of biogas production in Kenya. Appl. Energy 2012, 93, 496-506
64. Schau, E.M.; Traverso, M.; Lehmann, A.; Finkbeiner, M. Life Cycle Costing in Sustainability Assessment-A Case Study of Remanufactured Alternators. Sustainability 2011, 3, 2268-2288
65. Moriizumi, Y.; Matsui, N.; Hondo, H. Simplified life cycle sustainability assessment of mangrove management: A case of plantation on wastelands in Thailand. J. Clean. Prod. 2010, 18, 1629-1638
66. Zhou, Z.; Jiang, H.; Qin, L. Life cycle sustainability assessment of fuels. Fuel 2007, 86, 256-263
67. Suh, S.; Lenzen, M.; Treloar, G.J.; Hondo, H.; Horvath, A.; Huppes, G.; Jolliet, O.; Klann, U.; Krewitt, W.; Moriguchi, Y.; et al. System Boundary Selection in Life-Cycle Inventories Using Hybrid Approaches. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 657-664
68. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Scope-based carbon footprint analysis of U.S. residential and commercial buildings: An input-output hybrid life cycle assessment approach. Build. Environ. 2014, 72, 53-62
69. Hendrickson, C.T.; Lester, B.L.; Matthews, H.S. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach; Resources for the Future: Washington, DC, USA, 2006
70. Lenzen, M. Errors in Conventional and Input-Output-Based Life-Cycle Inventories. J. Ind. Ecol. 2000, 4, 127-148
71. Jeswani, H.K.; Azapagic, A.; Schepelmann, P.; Ritthoff, M. Options for broadening and deepening the LCA approaches. J. Clean. Prod. 2010, 18, 120-127
72. Halog, A.; Manik, Y. Advancing Integrated Systems Modelling Framework for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. Sustainability 2011, 3, 469-499
73. Marvuglia, A.; Benetto, E.; Murgante, B. Calling for an integrated computational systems modelling framework for life cycle sustainability analysis. J. Environ. Account. Manag. 2015, 3, 213-216
74. Bachmann, T.M. Towards life cycle sustainability assessment: Drawing on the NEEDS project's total cost and multi-criteria decision analysis ranking methods. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 18, 1698-1709
75. Jørgensen, A.; Herrmann, I.T.; Bjørn, A. Analysis of the link between a definition of sustainability and the life cycle methodologies. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 1440-1449
76. Zamagni, A. Life cycle sustainability assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2012, 17, 373-376
77. Sala, S.; Ciuffo, B.; Nijkamp, P. A systemic framework for sustainability assessment. Ecol. Econ. 2015, 119, 314-325
78. Meadows, D.H. Thinking in Systems: A Primer; Wright, D., Ed.; Chelsea Green Publishing: White River Junction, VT, USA, 2008
79. Onat, N.C.; Noori, M.; Kucukvar, M.; Zhao, Y.; Tatari, O.; Chester, M. Exploring the suitability of electric vehicles in the United States. Energy 2017, 121, 631-642
80. Alirezaei, M.; Onat, N.C.; Tatari, O.; Abdel-Aty, M. The Climate Change-Road Safety-Economy Nexus: A System Dynamics Approach to Understanding Complex Interdependencies. Systems 2017, 5, 6
81. Azapagic, A.; Perdan, S. Sustainable chemical engineering: Dealing with "wicked" sustainability problems. AIChE J. 2014, 60, 3998-4007
82. Sugihara, G.; May, R.; Ye, H.; Hsieh, C.; Deyle, E.; Fogarty, M.; Munch, S. Detecting causality in complex ecosystems. Science 2012, 338, 496-500
83. Young, O.R.; Berkhout, F.; Gallopin, G.C.; Janssen, M.A.; Ostrom, E.; van der Leeuw, S. The globalization of socio-ecological systems: An agenda for scientific research. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2006, 16, 304-316
84. Kucukvar, M.; Egilmez, G.; Tatari, O. Sustainability assessment of U.S. final consumption and investments: Triple-bottom-line input-output analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 81, 234-243
85. Kucukvar, M.; Samadi, H. Linking National Food Production to Global Supply Chain Impacts for the Energy-Climate Challenge: The Cases of the EU-27 and Turkey. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 108, 395-408
86. Suh, S.; Huppes, G. Methods for Life Cycle Inventory of a product. J. Clean. Prod. 2005, 13, 687-697
87. Park, Y.S.; Egilmez, G.; Kucukvar, M. Emergy and end-point impact assessment of agricultural and food production in the United States: A supply chain-linked Ecologically-based Life Cycle Assessment. Ecol. Indic. 2016, 62, 117-137
88. Feng, K.; Chapagain, A.; Suh, S.; Pfister, S.; Hubacek, K. Comparison of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Calculating the Water Footprints of Nations. Econ. Syst. Res. 2011, 23, 371-385
89. Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Towards a triple bottom-line sustainability assessment of the U.S. construction industry. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2013, 18, 958-972
90. Acquaye, A.A.; Wiedmann, T.; Feng, K.; Crawford, R.H.; Barrett, J.; Kuylenstierna, J.; Duffy, A.P.; Koh, S.C.L.; McQueen-Mason, S. Identification of "Carbon Hot-Spots" and Quantification of GHG Intensities in the Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid LCA and Structural Path Analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 2471-2478
91. Egilmez, G.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Sustainability assessment of U.S. manufacturing sectors: An economic input output-based frontier approach. J. Clean. Prod. 2013, 53, 91-102
92. Kucukvar, M.; Egilmez, G.; Onat, N.C.; Samadi, H. A global, scope-based carbon footprint modeling for effective carbon reduction policies: Lessons from the Turkish manufacturing. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 2015, 1, 47-66
93. Noori, M.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Economic input-output based sustainability analysis of onshore and offshore wind energy systems. Int. J. Green Energy 2015, 12, 939-948
94. Tatari, O.; Kucukvar, M.; Onat, N.C. Towards a Triple Bottom Line Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Buildings. Available online: http://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=916459#page=252 (accessed on 22 April 2017)
95. Kucukvar, M.; Cansev, B.; Egilmez, G.; Onat, N.C.; Samadi, H. Energy-climate-manufacturing nexus: New insights from the regional and global supply chains of manufacturing industries. Appl. Energy 2016, 184, 889-904
96. Arto, I.; Rueda-Cantuche, J.M.; Peters, G.P. Comparing the GTAP-MRIO and WIOD Databases for Carbon Footprint Analysis. Econ. Syst. Res. 2014, 26, 327-353
97. Duchin, F.; Levine, S.H. Combining Multiregional Input-Output Analysis with a World Trade Model for Evaluating Scenarios for Sustainable Use of Global Resources, Part II: Implementation. J. Ind. Ecol. 2016, 20, 783-791
98. Tukker, A.; Dietzenbacher, E. Global Multiregional Input-Output Frameworks: An Introduction and Outlook. Econ. Syst. Res. 2013, 25, 1-19
99. Dietzenbacher, E.; Lenzen, M.; Los, B.; Guan, D.; Lahr, M.L.; Sancho, F.; Suh, S.; Yang, C. Input-Output Analysis: The Next 25 Years. Econ. Syst. Res. 2013, 25, 369-389
100. Wiedmann, T.O.; Chen, G.; Barrett, J. The Concept of City Carbon Maps: A Case Study of Melbourne, Australia. J. Ind. Ecol. 2016, 20, 676-691
101. Peters, G.P.; Hertwich, E.G. The application of multi-regional input-output analysis to industrial ecology. Handb. Input-Output Econ. Ind. Ecol. 2009, 23, 847-863
102. Wiedmann, T.O.; Schandl, H.; Lenzen, M.; Moran, D.; Suh, S.; West, J.; Kanemoto, K. The material footprint of nations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015, 112, 6271-6276
103. Andrew, R.M.; Peters, G.P. A Multi-Region Input-Output Table Based on the Global Trade Analysis Project Database (GTAP-MRIO). Econ. Syst. Res. 2013, 25, 99-121
104. Dietzenbacher, E.; Los, B.; Stehrer, R.; Timmer, M.; de Vries, G. The Construction of World Input-Output Tables in the WIOD Project. Econ. Syst. Res. 2013, 25, 71-98
105. Lenzen, M.; Moran, D.; Kanemoto, K.; Geschke, A. Building EORA: A Global Multi-Region Input-Output Database at High Country and Sector Resolution. Econ. Syst. Res. 2013, 25, 20-49
106. Wiebe, K.S.; Bruckner, M.; Giljum, S.; Lutz, C.; Polzin, C. Carbon and Materials Embodied in the International Trade of Emerging Economies. J. Ind. Ecol. 2012, 16, 636-646
107. Galli, A.; Wiedmann, T.; Ercin, E.; Knoblauch, D.; Giljum, S. Integrating Ecological, Carbon and Water Footprint: Defining the "Footprint Family" and its Application in Tracking Human Pressure on the Planet. Available online: http://www.oneplaneteconomynetwork.org/resources/programme-documents/WP8_ Integrating_Ecological_Carbon_Water_Footprint.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)
108. Ivanova, D.; Stadler, K.; Steen-Olsen, K.;Wood, R.; Vita, G.; Tukker, A.; Hertwich, E.G. Environmental Impact Assessment of Household Consumption. J. Ind. Ecol. 2016, 20, 526-536
109. Ewing, B.R.; Hawkins, T.R.; Wiedmann, T.O.; Galli, A.; Ertug Ercin, A.; Weinzettel, J.; Steen-Olsen, K. Integrating ecological and water footprint accounting in a multi-regional input-output framework. Ecol. Indic. 2012, 23, 1-8
110. 2 Emissions Embodied In International Trade Using a Global Input-Output Model. Econ. Syst. Res. 2012, 24, 113-139
111. Zhao, Y.; Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2016, 47, 195-207
112. Hertwich, E.G.; Peters, G.P. Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 6414-6420
113. Wiedmann, T.;Wood, R.; Minx, J.C.; Lenzen, M.; Guan, D.; Harris, R. A carbon footprint time series of the UK-Results from a multi-region input-output model. Econ. Syst. Res. 2010, 22, 19-42
114. Wiedmann, T.O.; Suh, S.; Feng, K.; Lenzen, M.; Acquaye, A.; Scott, K.; Barrett, J.R. Application of hybrid life cycle approaches to emerging energy technologies-The case of wind power in the UK. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 5900-5907
115. Malik, A.; Lenzen, M.; Ralph, P.J.; Tamburic, B. Hybrid life-cycle assessment of algal biofuel production. Bioresour. Technol. 2015, 184, 436-443
116. Lenzen, M.; Geschke, A.;Wiedmann, T.; Lane, J.; Anderson, N.; Baynes, T.; Boland, J.; Daniels, P.; Dey, C.; Fry, J.; et al. Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual laboratories. Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 485, 241-251
117. Hertwich, E.G.; Gibon, T.; Bouman, E.A.; Arvesen, A.; Suh, S.; Heath, G.A.; Bergesen, J.D.; Ramirez, A.; Vega, M.I.; Shi, L. Integrated life-cycle assessment of electricity-supply scenarios confirms global environmental benefit of low-carbon technologies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014, 112, 6277-6282
118. Ward, H.; Burger, M.; Chang, Y.J.; Fürstmann, P.; Neugebauer, S.; Radebach, A.; Sproesser, G.; Pittner, A.; Rethmeier, M.; Uhlmann, E.; et al. Assessing carbon dioxide emission reduction potentials of improved manufacturing processes using multiregional input output frameworks. J. Clean. Prod. 2016
119. Elkington, J. Partnerships from Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st-Century Business. Environ. Qual. Manag. 1998, 8, 37-51
120. Foran, B.; Lenzen, M.; Dey, C. Balancing Act a Triple Bottom Line Analysis of the Australian Economy Volume 1. In Balancing Act; CSIRO, Ed.; CSIRO: Sydney, Australia, 2005; Volume 358, p. 277
121. Foran, B.; Lenzen, M.; Dey, C.; Bilek, M. Integrating sustainable chain management with triple bottom line accounting. Ecol. Econ. 2005, 52, 143-157
122. Tatari, O.; Kucukvar, M. Sustainability Assessment of U.S. Construction Sectors: Ecosystems Perspective. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2012, 138, 918-922
123. Onat, N.C. A Macro-Level Sustainability Assessment Framework for Optimal Distribution of Alternative Passenger Vehicles. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA, 2015
124. Santoyo-Castelazo, E.; Azapagic, A. Sustainability assessment of energy systems: Integrating environmental, economic and social aspects. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 80, 119-138
125. Hellweg, S.; Milà I Canals, L. Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle assessment. Science 2014, 344, 1109-1113
126. Onat, N.C.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. Conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicles? State-based comparative carbon and energy footprint analysis in the United States. Appl. Energy 2015, 150, 36-49
127. Hertwich, E.G. Life cycle approaches to sustainable consumption: A critical review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 4673-4684
128. Rajagopal, D.; Hochman, G.; Zilberman, D. Indirect fuel use change (IFUC) and the lifecycle environmental impact of biofuel policies. Energy Policy 2011, 39, 228-233
129. Diehl, E.; Sterman, J.D. Effects of feedback complexity on dynamic decision making. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 1995, 62, 198-215
130. Onat, N.C.; Egilmez, G.; Tatari, O. Towards greening the U.S. residential building stock: A system dynamics approach. Build. Environ. 2014, 78, 68-80
131. Tatari, O.; Onat, N.; Abdel-Aty, M.; Alirezaei, M. Dynamic Simulation Models for Road Safety and Its Sustainability Implications. Available online: http://safersim.nads-sc.uiowa.edu/final_reports/UCF-2-Y1_ FinalReport.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)
132. Best, A.; Holmes, B. Systems thinking, knowledge and action: Towards better models and methods. Evid. Policy 2010, 6, 145-159
133. Ercan, T.; Onat, N.C.; Tatari, O. Investigating carbon footprint reduction potential of public transportation in United States: A system dynamics approach. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 133, 1260-1276
134. Ercan, T.; Onat, N.C.; Tatari, O.; Mathias, J.D. Public transportation adoption requires a paradigm shift in urban development structure. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142, 1789-1799
135. Noori, M.; Zhao, Y.; Onat, N.C.; Gardner, S.; Tatari, O. Light-duty electric vehicles to improve the integrity of the electricity grid through Vehicle-to-Grid technology: Analysis of regional net revenue and emissions savings. Appl. Energy 2016, 168, 146-158
136. Onat, N.C. Integrated Sustainability Assessment Framework for the U.S. Transportation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA, 2015
137. Egilmez, G.; Gumus, S.; Kucukvar, M. Environmental sustainability benchmarking of the U.S. and Canada metropoles: An expert judgment-based multi-criteria decision making approach. Cities 2015, 42, 31-41
138. Finkbeiner, M.; Schau, E.M.; Lehmann, A.; Traverso, M. Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. Sustainability 2010, 2, 3309-3322
139. Gumus, S.; Egilmez, G.; Kucukvar, M.; Shin Park, Y. Integrating expert weighting and multi-criteria decision making into eco-efficiency analysis: The case of US manufacturing. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 2016, 67, 616-628
140. Egilmez, G.; Gumus, S.; Kucukvar, M.; Tatari, O. A fuzzy data envelopment analysis framework for dealing with uncertainty impacts of input-output life cycle assessment models on eco-efficiency assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 129, 622-636
141. Hall, M.R. A transdisciplinary review of the role of economics in life cycle sustainability assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2015, 20, 1625-1639
142. Benoît, C.; Norris, G.A.; Valdivia, S.; Ciroth, A.; Moberg, A.; Bos, U.; Prakash, S.; Ugaya, C.; Beck, T. The guidelines for social life cycle assessment of products: Just in time! Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15, 156-163
143. UNEP. Guideliness for Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Products. Available online: http://www. unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx1164xPA-guidelines_sLCA.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)
144. Porter, M.E.; Stern, S.; Green, M. Social Progress Index. Available online: http://www. socialprogressimperative.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Social-Progress-Index-2014-Executive-Summary.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)
145. Cloutier, S.; Jambeck, J.; Scott, N. The Sustainable Neighborhoods for Happiness Index (SNHI): A metric for assessing a community's sustainability and potential influence on happiness. Ecol. Indic. 2014, 40, 147-152
146. Putnam, R. Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Can. J. Policy Res. 2001, 2, 41-51
147. Easterly, W.; Ritzen, J.; Woolcock, M. Social cohesion, institutions, and growth. Econ. Political 2006, 18, 103-120
148. Cloutier, S.; Berejnoi, E.; Russell, S.; Papenfuss, J.; Morrison, B.; Pearthree, G. An Assessment Tool for Sustainable and Happy Neighborhoods. Ecol. Indic. 2017, in press
149. Lenzen, M.; Wood, R.; Wiedmann, T. Uncertainty Analysis for Multi-Region Input-Output Models-A Case Study of the UK's Carbon Footprint. Econ. Syst. Res. 2010, 22, 43-63
150. Steen-Olsen, K.; Owen, A.; Barrett, J.; Guan, D.; Hertwich, E.G.; Lenzen, M.;Wiedmann, T. Accounting for value added embodied in trade and consumption: An intercomparison of global multiregional input-output databases. Econ. Syst. Res. 2016, 28, 78-94
151. Wood, R.; Hawkins, T.R.; Hertwich, E.G.; Tukker, A. Harmonising national input-output tables for consumption-based accounting-Experiences from exiopol. Econ. Syst. Res. 2014, 26, 387-409
152. SEI IOTA. Input-Output Trade Analysis. Available online: http://www.sei-international.org/iota (accessed on 20 April 2017)
153. Wood, R.; Stadler, K.; Bulavskaya, T.; Lutter, S.; Giljum, S.; de Koning, A.; Kuenen, J.; Schütz, H.; Acosta-Fernández, J.; Usubiaga, A.; et al. Global Sustainability Accounting-Developing EXIOBASE for Multi-Regional Footprint Analysis. Sustainability 2014, 7, 138-163
154. Inomata, S.; Owen, A. Comparative evaluation of MRIO databases. Econ. Syst. Res. 2014, 26, 239-244
155. Finnveden, G.; Hauschild, M.Z.; Ekvall, T.; Guinée, J.; Heijungs, R.; Hellweg, S.; Koehler, A.; Pennington, D.; Suh, S. Recent developments in Life Cycle Assessment. J. Environ. Manag. 2009, 91, 1-21
156. Huijbregts, M. Application of uncertainty and variability in LCA. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 1998, 3, 273-280
157. Kwakkel, J.H.J.; Pruyt, E. Exploratory Modeling and Analysis, an approach for model-based foresight under deep uncertainty. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2013, 80, 419-431
158. Wei, W.; Larrey-Lassalle, P.; Faure, T.; Dumoulin, N.; Roux, P.; Mathias, J.-D. Using the Reliability Theory for Assessing the Decision Confidence Probability for Comparative Life Cycle Assessments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 2272-2280
159. Rougé, C.; Mathias, J.D.; Deffuant, G. Extending the viability theory framework of resilience to uncertain dynamics, and application to lake eutrophication. Ecol. Indic. 2013, 29, 420-433
160. Nordhaus, D.W. RICE and DICE Models of Economics of Climate Change. Available online: http://www. econ.yale.edu/~nordhaus/homepage/dicemodels.htm (accessed on 20 April 2017)
161. Simon, H. Theories of Bounded Rationality. Decis. Organ. 1972, 1, 161-176
162. Kahneman, D. Daniel A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality. Am. Psychol. 2003, 58, 697-720
163. Ackoff, R.L. Why few organizations adopt systems thinking. Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. 2006, 23, 705
164. UN. Mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda for Sustainble Development: Interim Referrence Guide to UN Country Teams. Available online: http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/Post2015-SDG/UNDP-SDG-UNDG-Reference-Guide-UNCTs-2015.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2017)